Norsk Data NORD-100 User manual

NORD-100
Input/
Output
System

N0 T/CE
The information
in this
document
is subject
to
change
without
notice.
Norsk
Data
A.S assumes
no responsibility
for
any errors
that
may appear
in this
document.
Norsk
Data
A.S
assumes
no
responsibility
for
the use
or reliability
of its
software
on
equipment
that
is not
furnished
or supported
by Norsk
Data
A.S.
The information
described
in
this document
is protected
by copyright.
It may
not
be photocopied,
reproduced
or
translated
without
the
prior consent
of Norsk
Data
A.S.
Copyright
©
1980
by Norsk
Data
A.S.
ND-06.016.01

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NORD-100
INPUT/OUTPUT
SYSTEM
Publication
No. ND06.016.01
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Data
A.S
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M
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PREFACE
TO THE READER
This manual describes
the NORD—lOO
Input/Output
system
architecture
and
principles from a hardware
standpoint.
The description
is general,
not aimed
at any particular
device
controller.
Hence,
this book is not a
maintenance
”trouble
shooting” manual.
The
main intention
of this
manual is
to describe
the parts
of the HO
system that
are common
to
all device controllers.
That is, to give
the needed
background
to
understand the
fundamental design
concepts in
the NORD-lOO
Input/Output
system.
In the manuals
covering
specific device
controllers, a
knowledge of
these concepts
is assumed.
Since this
is a hardware
manual, it should
be of interest to:
—
all technical
and maintenance
personnel who
wish
to gain a
good under-
standing of the
connection
of I/O
interfaces to the
NORD-lOO
computer
system.
—
system
software
personnel who
program
I/O interfaces.
They
should
read
Section
I.
PREREQU/S/TE
KNOWLEDGE
It
is assumed
that the
reader of
this manual
is familiar
with the
NORD-lOO
CPU at
the level
described
in the manual
"NORD-lOO
Functional
Description”.
It is also
assumed
that the reader
has
some knowledge
at
the NORD-lOO
instruc-
tion
set and
assembly
programming.
ND-06.016.01

vi
THE
MANUAL
This manual
is
meant
to be
read from
the beginning
to the
end since
some
sections
assume
knowledge
of the
previous
sections.
Section
I describes
the NORD—100
I/O system
in
general
terms
as seen
by a
programmer.
This part
does
not
require
particular
knowledge
of the
involved
hardware.
Sections
II
to V
deal with
the
hardware
implementation
of the
l/O system
functions
programmed
in Part
I.
Section
II describes
the functions
of
the system
bus (the
NORD—100
bus).
Section
III describes
using
the NORD-lOO
bus in
programmed
information
exchanged.
Section
IV
describes
the separation
of interrupting
l/O interfaces.
Section
V covers
how
information
is exchanged
directly between
the
NORD—lOO
memory
system
and
HG interfaces.
Section
VI covers
the NOR
D-100
bus extender.
Related
manuals
containing
relevant
information
about
the
NORD-lOO
Input/Output
system
are:
—
NORD-100
Functional
Description
—-
Different
specially
dedicated
device controller
manuals,
available
on request
NDOG.016.01

vii
GENERAL
NORD-100 is a
16 bit general purpose
computer suitable
for most computer
applications.
Requirements to a computer
system changes from one
application to another.
Therefore,
flexibility has
been one of the key
words in the design of the
NORD—lOO
computer
system.
The basic difference
from one installation
to another
is found in the memory
size,
the software
configuration
and in the input/output
system, i.e.,
the selection
of
peripheral equipment.
Therefore,
a flexible
and modular
design of the above
mentioned
modules is
specially important
in order to configure
a system
after a customer’s
wishes.
ND-06.016.01

Section:
I.1
|.1.1
|.2.1
|.2.1.1
I.2.2
|.2.2.1
|.2.2.2
|.2.2.2.1
|.2.2.2.2
|.2.3
|.2.4
l.3.1
L32
L33
|.3.3.1
l.3.4
I.3.4.1
I.3.4.2
|.3.4.3
|.3.4.4
l.3.5
l.3.5.1
I.3.5.2
|.3.5.3
TABLE
OF CONTENTS
+++
Page:
NORD-100
INPUT/OUTPUT
SYSTEM
OVERVIEW
INTRODUCTION
.............................. l—1—1
Definition
of
Terms
............................
I—1—1
NORD—1OO
ARCHITECTURE
.....................
I—2—1
NORD-IOO
Bus
Structure
—
The
NORD-100
Bus
......
l—2—1
Physical
Arrangement
of the
NORD-1OO
Bus
.........
|—2—2
Functions
of
the
NORD—100
Bus
..................
I—2—3
General
.....................................
I—2—3
NORD-1OO
Bus
and
theI/O
System
................
I—2—3
General
.....................................
1—2—3
I/O
System
Information
Exchange
and
NORD—100
Bus
Usage
...................................... l—2—4
Organization
of NORD—IOO
Modules
...............
l—2—5
NOR
D-100
Configuration
Examples
................
I—2
7
PROGRAMMING
OF
I/O
DEVICE
CONTROLLERS
(INTERFACES)
—
THE
INPUT/OUTPUT
INSTRUCTIONS
IOX/IOXT
................................... I—3—1
General
.....................................
I—3—
Introduction
to IOX/IOXT
.......................
I—3—
Format
and
Functions
of
the IOX
and IOXT
Instructions
I—3—2
Definition
of IOX/IOXT
Transfer
Direction
...........
I—3—3
Calculation
of
the IOX/IOXT
Device
Register
Address
. .
|—3——6
The Device
Register
Address
Range
...............
|—3——6
Specification
of
an I/O
Device
Register
Address
for Norsk
Data
Designed
Interfaces
........................
I—3—9
Device
Selection
—
the
Hardware
Device
Number
.....
I—3—
10
Device
Register
Selection
on
an
l/O Interface
........
I—3—
11
Format
of the
Control
and
Status
Registers
for
Norsk Data
Designed
PIO
and
DMA
Interfaces
................
I—3—17
General
.....................................
I—3—
17
Format
and
Functions
of the
Status
Register
.........
I—3—
17
Format
and
Function
of
the
Control
Register
.........
l—3—20
ND-06.016.01

Sect/on:
|.3.6
|.3.6.1
|.3.6.2
|.3.6.3
|.3.7
|.3.7.1
|.4.1
L42
L43
|.4.4
|.4.5
|.4.5.1
|.4.5.2
|.4.5.3
|.4.5.4
|.4.5.5
|.4.5.5.1
|.4.5.5.2
|.4.5.5.3
”.1
“.2
”.3
”.4
||.4.1
||.4.1.1
|I.4.1.1.1
||.4.1.1.2
||.4.1.1.3
||.4.1.2
“.42
Programming
of a PIO
Interface
...................
General
.....................................
Programmed
Input
from
a FIG Interface
............
Programmed
Output
to a
PIO Interface
.............
Programming
of DMA
Controllers
.................
DMA
Controller
Operation
.......................
THE I/O SYSTEM
AND
THE INTERRUPT
SYSTEM
.. .
General
.....................................
NORD-IOO
Interrupt System
General
Description
.....
NORD-IOO
Interrupt System
Level
Assignment
under
SINTRAN
|II .................................
NOR
D—100 Input/Output
Device
Controllers
Level
Usage
Identification
of an Interrupting
I/O Device
Controller
General .....................................
The Ident
Code ...............................
The Ident
Instruction
...........................
The
Ident Search
Mechanism
....................
Input/Output
Interrupt
Programming
..............
Initialization
of the
Interrupt System
...............
I/O
Interface Interrupt
Generation
.................
Handling of I/O
Interface Interrupts
................
THE NORD-IOO
BUS
GENERAL
...................................
THE NORD-100
BUS
—
BUS
REQUESTORS
........
A
NORD-100
BUS
CYCLE
—
GENERAL
DESCRIPTION
FUNCTIONS
OF
THE
BUS CONTROL
LOGIC (BCU)
Allocation
of the NOR
D—100
Bus
..................
The Allocation
Requests
........................
NOR
D—100
CPU Allocation
Request
................
DMA
Allocation Request
........................
Memory
Refresh
Allocation
Request
...............
The Bus Control
Unit
(BCU)
Allocation
Priority
Rules
The Bus
Control Unit
(BCU)
and
Termination
of Bus
Cycles ......................................
ND-06.016.01
Page:
|—3~23
I-—3—23
I—3—23
I—3—26
I—3—28
I—3—28
I——4—1
II—1—1
II—2—1
II—3—1
II—4—6

Section:
“.5
I|.5.1
||.5.1.1
||.5.1.2
||I.1
|||.2
I||.2.1
|||.2.2
|||.2.3
|||.2.4
I||.2.5
|||.2.6
|||.2.7
|V.I
IV.2
IV.2.‘I
IV.2.2
IV.2.3
IV.2.4
xi
Page:
DATA
TRANSFER
ON THE NORD-IOO
BUS
—
GENERAL
DESCRIPTION
...............................
II—5—1
Organization
of
a NORD-IOO
Bus Cycle
.............
II ——5—1
The Address
Cycle
.............................
Il—5—2
The Data
Cycle
...............................
|I—5—2
PROGRAMMED
INFORMATION
EXCHANGE
BETWEEN
I/O INTERFACES
AND
NORD-IOO
CPU
—
EXECUTION
OF THE IOX/IOXT
INSTRUCTIONS
INTRODUCTION
..............................
III—I—I
IOX/IOXT
INSTRUCTION
EXECUTION
............
III—2—1
General
..................................... Ill—2—1
IOX/IOXT
Instruction
Entry Point
Generation
........
IN —2—1
IOX/IOXT
Microprogram
Operation
...............
III—2—4
IOX/IOXT
Execution and
the NORD-IOO
Bus
.........
III —2—7
IOX/IOXT
Execution
and
the HO Interfaces
..........
Ill
—2— 11
PIO Interface
Module
Organization
................
III
—2— 12
Hardware
Implementation
of the Device
Identification
Logic
....................................... Ill—2—
15
IDENTIFICATION
OF
INTERRUPTING
I/O
INTERFACES
—
EXECUTION
OF THE
IDENT
PLxx
INSTRUCTION
INTRODUCTION
..............................
IV—I—I
EXECUTION
OF IDENT
PLxx
.....................
IV-Z—I
ldent Microprogram
Operation
...................
|V—2—1
Ident
PLxx
Execution
and the
NORD-IOO
Bus
........
IV——2—4
Ident PLxx
Execution
and the
I/O Interfaces
.........
IV~2—8
Hardware
Implementation
of the Ident
Control
Logic
on
PIO and DMA
Interfaces
........................
|V—2—9
ND-06.016.01

Section:
V
V.1
V2
V3
V.4
V.5
VI
V|.1
VI.2
V|.2.1
V|.2.2
V|.3
V|.3.1
V|.3.2
V|.3.3
V|.3.4
V|.4
V|.5
xii
Page:
DIRECT MEMORY ACCESS
(DMA)
INFORMA-
TION EXCHANGE
VIA THE NORD—IOO BUS
GENERAL ...................................
V—I—1
THE DMA REQUEST GENERATION
...............
V—2—1
DMA
REQUESTS
AND
THE BUS CONTROL UNIT
—
THE
BUS ALLOCATION
ACKNOWLEDGE MECHANISM .. V—3—1
ADMA TRANSFER AND THE NORD—IOO BUS ......
V—4—1
DMA TRANSFERS AND THE DMA CONTROLLERS
.. V—5—1
NORD-IOO BUS EXTENDER
(BEX)
GENERAL ...................................
VI—1—1
FUNCTIONAL
DESCRIPTION ....................
VI—2—1
Definition of
Terms ............................
VI—2—1
Organization of Modules
in a Bus Extended
System . . . . VI —2—2
CONTROL
OF THE BUS EXTENDER (BEX) MODULES
VI—3—1
Introduction
.................................
VI _3_1
The Memory
Address Routing Mechanism
.......... VI
_3_2
Hardware Switch Setting
.......................
VI —3~«4
Bus Extender (BEX) Programming
Specifications .....
VI —3—8
CONFIGURATION
EXAMPLES ...................
VI—4—1
BEX INTERCONNECTION
—
PHYSICAL CABLE
ARRANGEMENT
.............................
VI—5—1
ND06.016.01

Appendix:
A
8.1
8.2
8.2.1
8.2.2
8.3
8.4
C.1
C.1.1
C.1.2
C.2
C.2.1
C.2.2
C.2.3
C.3
C.4
C.5
C.6
C.7
E.1
E.2
E3
E4
xiii
Page:
STANDARD NORD—100
DEVICE REGISTER
ADDRESSES
AND
IDENT CODES ...........................
A—1
INTERNAL
REGISTERS ........................
B—1
Programming
Specifications for
Terminal No.
1 .......
B —3
NORD—IOO 4 or 8 Asynchronous
Serial Interface
Program—
ming Specifications ..............................
B—5
NORD-100
4 or 8 Asynchronous Current
Loop
Program-
ming Specifications ..............................
B—5
NOR D-100 Asynchronous V24 Programming
Specifica-
tions .......................................
B— 12
Specification
of Line Printer Interface
for CDC 9380
for
NORD-10/100
................................
B—18
NORD—100
Disk Programming
Specifications ........
B—20
SWITCH SETTINGS
FOR THE DIFFERENT
NORD-100
MODULES
..................................
C—1
Switches on the CPU Module
....................
C—1
ALD
—
Automatic Load Descriptor
................
C—2
Console: Speed
setting for console
terminal .........
C —2
Switches on Floppy and 4 Terminals
Module
(3010)
.
... C—3
1
Floppy Disk System ..........................
C—3
2 Terminal
Group ..............................
C—4
3 Initial Baud Rate
for Terminals
.................. C—4
Switches on
Memory Modules
(3005)
.............. C—6
Switches on the 10MB
Disk Module
(3004)
.......... C—7
Switch Setting
on the Pertec Magnetic
Tape Module
(3006)
......................................
C—8
Switch Setting on
NORD-100 Bus Adapter
(3008)
..... C—8
Switch Setting
on Local l/O Bus ..................
C—9
NORD-100
PLUG PANEL FOR
EXTERNAL DEVICE
CONNECTION ................................
D—1
ORGANIZATION
OF NORD-100
MODULES ......... E—1
Location of Integrated Circuits
(Card Coordinates)
. . . . E—1
Arrangement
Drawings Examples
................. E—3
Notation of Signals to and
from NORD-100 Modules ... E—-8
Cable
List for External Device
Connection ........... E—9
ND-06.016.01

A ppen d/‘x:
F.1
G.1
G.2
G.3
G.4
G.5
xiv
Page
NORD-lOO
BUS
BACKPLANE
SIGNALS
...........
F—1
Representation
of
Signals
in Timing
Diagrams
........
F—7
SCHEMATICS
...............................
G—1
NORD-lOO
CPU
...............................
G—2
4 Terminals
and
Floppy
Disk
.....................
G —7
8Terminals
..................................
G—12
10MB
Disk
Controller
...........................
G—17
Dynamic
Ram
................................
G—19
ND-06.016.01

|.I.1
l-1—1
NORD- 700
INPUT/ OUTPUT
8 Y8 TEM
OVER
VIEW
INTRODUCTION
The purpose
of
the input/output
system ll/O
system) is
to
perform
the physical
communication
between
connected
peripheral
equipment
and
the NORD-IOO
computer
system.
The user
normally
does not
interact
directly with
the l/O
system,
only
indirectly
via
the
operating
system.
Thus,
all l/O operations
are normally
invisable
to
the user.
However,
privileged
users
may access
the l/O
system
directly
and users
with
special
real-time
requirements (running
direct
tasks)
may bypass
the
HO
system
for
direct access
to
specific devices.
DEF/N/T/ON
OF
TERMS
As shown
in Figure
l.1, the I/O system
is part
hardware
and
part software.
PROCESS
(user
program)
SINTRAN
lll
OP.
SYSTEM
”\i
DEVICE
DATA
BUFFER
l
|
l
l
l
DEVICE
DEVICE
DRIVER
l
CONTROL-
gingham.
/
A
IT
LER
Device
DEVICE
DATA
I
FIELD
I
DEVICE
REFERENCE
TABLES (DATA
FIELIDS)
SOFTWARE
I
HARDWARE
I
Figure /. 7: Fundamental
Elements
of
the l/ 0 System
Figure
l.1 shows
some of
the important
elements
of the
HO system.
The
picture
is
not complete,
but
it illustrates
the chain
of linkages
that
are
basic
to the
l/O
system.
ND-06.016.01

l—1—2
A device
control/er,
as shown in Figure L1,
is the hardware
l/O
interface.
The
functions of
the device controllers
is to:
—
synchronize the speed
between a peripheral
and the NORD-100
~
formating of data to and
from the peripheral
Depending on the
particular controllers,
the device controller may drive
only one
peripheral
(such
as a terminal)
or may be capable of driving several
peripherals
(such
as disk units).
For each device
control/er there
is an entry in a device data field table. A device
data field
defines a device
and is used by a device driver,
the program that
accesses
and controls a peripheral.
For
each device there
is a device data buffer where
information between the
operating system and the
I/O system is exchanged.
This manual
is intended
to give a functional description
of the hardware involved
in
the HO system.
ND-06.016.01

|.2.1
|——2—1
NORD-lOO
ARCHITECTURE
NORD- 700 BUS STRUCTURE
—
THE NORD- 700
BUS
In the NORD-lOO computer system
all hardware modules are connected together
via a common bus, the
NORD-lOO
bus (see
Figure |.2.1).
NOHDJOO (IUS
CPU MODULE
CACHE
MEMORY
MFMOllY
MAN/\(GFMENF
l—
MODUI e
TELEIYPE 'AUTOMATIC
INVEHFACE
WEST/UH
IENIIOR
ICHECK &
'CORREC~
DEVICE
IN] E "FACE
MODULE
MEMORY MODULE
DJ
:“oT‘ Flo—uh—
_
"
DISPLAY
I
I
PANEL
'T'
Figure
/.2. 7: NORD- 700
Bus Structure
LJ
DEVICES
All communication
between
NORD-100 modules is provided
by this bus, except
CPU,
MMS
and
Cache communication.
Therefore, the NORD-lOO bus
is general
purpose, to allow
all classes of NORD-lOO
modules simply to be ”plugged"
into
the system.
ND-06.016.01

|.2.1.1
l —2——2
Physical Arrangement of the NORD- 700 Bus and Card
Crate
Physically, the
NORD-100 bus is available
as a printed backplane. The
backplane is
available in two versions containing
either 12 or 21
positions for module connec-
tion.
Besides the different numbers
of positions, there is
no difference between
the
two versions
as far as the connection
of hardware modules
is concerned.
However, the difference between
a 12 or 21 position
system is easily
visualized by
the organization
of the card
crates and the size of the
cabinets.
In the 12 position
version, the required
power is supplied by a power
supply
located within the
card crate (refer to Figure
|.2.2). This approach leads to
a very
compact
system.
////z/////////
lll'l/I'lllllllllllllllljIII]
[III] 1111
42mnm
1QGLKfl/QfiCCC7YWCCI/QQCCKZ/YIQQI
POWER
SUPPLY
/.'///
7/,7/7/ ////
/z
4I———--
77Z/i7//
//
<—— 510mm
__—..
Figure 7.2.2:
12 Position NORD—
100 Crate Layout ( Top
View)
ND-06.016.01
SUDESFOR
CONNECWON
OFMODULE
DEPENDENT
CABLES
NORDJOOBUS
BACKPLANE