Aeroflex 2023 User manual

AM/FM SIGNAL GENERATORS
2023 and 2024
Operating Manual
Document part no. 46892/225
Issue 9
18 May 1998

i
AM/FM SIGNAL GENERATOR
2023 & 2024
9 kHz - 1.2 GHz 9 kHz - 2.4 GHz
Includes information on:
Option 1: No attenuator.
Option 2: DC operation.
Option 3: High power.
Option 4: High stability frequency standard.
Option 5: Rear panel connectors.
Option 7: Fast pulse modulation.
Option 10: 1 V peak mod input.
Option 11: Fast pulse and high power.
Option 100: Internal pulse generator.
This manual applies to instruments with software issues of 4.06 and higher.
©IFR Ltd. 2007
No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,
or recorded by any information storage or retrieval system, without
permission in writing by IFR Ltd.
Printed in the UK
Manual part no. 46892-225U
Issue 9
18 May 1998

ii 46882-225U
About this manual
This manual explains how to use the 2023 and 2024 AM/FM Signal Generators.
Intended audience
Persons engaged on work relating to equipment who have a need for accurately generated
signals in the VHF and UHF spectrum.
Structure
Chapter 1
Main features and performance data.
Chapter 2
Installation details.
Chapter 3
Operation for the experienced user.
Chapter 4
Detailed operation including first time usage.
Chapter 5
GPIB operation with keywords and sample programs.
Chapter 6
Brief technical description.
Chapter 7
Instructions for doing acceptance testing.
Annex A
Option 100 - Internal pulse generator.
Annex B
Option 7 - Fast pulse modulation.
Annex C
Option 11 - Fast pulse and high power.
Document conventions
The following conventions apply throughout this manual:
RF OUTPUT Titles marked on the instrument panel are shown in capital letters,
[TRIGGER] Key titles are as shown on the key-caps in square brackets, and
Disable Messages on the display are shown in italic letters.
Associated publications
There is one other publication covering specific aspects of this equipment:-
• Service manual (46880-068C) covers maintenance and repair of the equipment.

LOCAL
OPERATION
REMOTE
OPERATION
TECHNICAL
DESCRIPTION
ACCEPTANCE
TESTING
INDEX PRINCIPLES OF
OPERATION INSTALLATION GENERAL
INFORMATION
CONTENTS
Preface
Precautions
Chapter 1 GENERAL INFORMATION
Chapter 2 INSTALLATION
Chapter 3 PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
Chapter 4 LOCAL OPERATION
Chapter 5 REMOTE OPERATION
Chapter 6 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
Chapter 7 ACCEPTANCE TESTING
Annex A OPTION 100 - INTERNAL PULSE GENERATOR
Annex B OPTION 7 - FAST PULSE MODULATION
Annex C OPTION 11 - FAST PULSE AND HIGH POWER
Index

iv 46882-225U
Preface
Patent protection
The 2023 and 2024 Signal Generators are protected by the following patents:
EP 0322139
GB 2214012
US 4870384
EP 0125790
GB 2140232
US 4609881

Precautions
These terms have specific meanings in this manual:
WARNING
information to prevent personal injury.
information to prevent damage to the equipment.
important general information.
Hazard symbols
The meaning of hazard symbols appearing on the equipment is as follows:
Symbol Description
!
General hazard
Dangerous voltage
Toxic hazard
General conditions of use
This product is designed and tested to comply with the requirements of IEC/EN61010-1 ‘Safety
requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use’, for Class I,
portable equipment and is for use in a pollution degree 2 environment. The equipment is designed
to operate from an installation category I and II supply.
Equipment should be protected from the ingress of liquids and precipitation such as rain, snow,
etc. When moving the equipment from a cold to a hot environment, it is important to allow the
temperature of the equipment to stabilise before it is connected to the supply to avoid condensation
forming. The equipment must only be operated within the environmental conditions specified in
Chapter 1 ‘Performance data’ in the Operating manual, otherwise the protection provided by the
equipment may be impaired.
This product is not approved for use in hazardous atmospheres or medical applications. If the
equipment is to be used in a safety-related application, e.g. avionics or military applications, the
suitability of the product must be assessed and approved for use by a competent person.
WARNING
!
Electrical hazards (AC supply voltage)
This equipment conforms with IEC Safety Class I, meaning that it is provided with a protective
grounding lead. To maintain this protection the supply lead must always be connected to the
source of supply via a socket with a grounded contact.
Be aware that the supply filter contains capacitors that may remain charged after the equipment is
disconnected from the supply. Although the stored energy is within the approved safety
requirements, a slight shock may be felt if the plug pins are touched immediately after removal.
Do not remove covers, no user serviceable parts inside. See list of IFR Ltd International Service
Centres at rear of manual.
Fuses Note that the internal supply fuse is in series with the live conductor of the supply lead. If
connection is made to a 2-pin unpolarized supply socket, it is possible for the fuse to become

PRECAUTIONS
vi 46882-225U
transposed to the neutral conductor, in which case, parts of the equipment could remain at supply
potential even after the fuse has ruptured.
WARNING
!
Fire hazard
Make sure that only fuses of the correct rating and type are used for replacement.
If an integrally fused plug is used on the supply lead, ensure that the fuse rating is commensurate
with the current requirements of this equipment. See under 'Performance Data' in Chapter 1 for
power requirements.
WARNING
Toxic hazards
Some of the components used in this equipment may include resins and other materials which give
off toxic fumes if incinerated. Take appropriate precautions, therefore, in the disposal of these
items.
WARNING
Beryllia
Beryllia (beryllium oxide) is used in the construction of some of the components in this
equipment. This material, if incorrectly handled, could cause a danger to health - refer to the
Maintenance part of the Service Manual for safe handling precautions.
WARNING
Beryllium copper
Some mechanical components within this instrument are manufactured from beryllium copper.
This is an alloy with a beryllium content of approximately 5%. It represents no risk in normal use.
The material should not be machined, welded or subjected to any process where heat is involved.
It must be disposed of as “special waste”.
It must NOT be disposed of by incineration.
WARNING
!
Tilt facility
When the instrument is in the tilt position, it is advisable, for stability reasons, not to stack other
instruments on top of it.
Static sensitive components
This equipment contains static sensitive components which may be damaged by handling - refer to
the Maintenance part of the Service Manual for handling precautions.

PRECAUTIONS
46882-225U vii
Précautions
Les termes suivants ont, dans ce manuel, des significations particulières:
WARNING
contient des informations pour éviter toute blessure au personnel.
contient des informations pour éviter les dommages aux équipements.
contient d'importantes informations d'ordre général.
Symboles Signalant Un Risque
La signification des symboles liés à cet équipement est la suivante:
Symbole Nature du risque
!
Risques généraux
Tension dangereuse
Danger produits toxiques
Conditions générales d’utilisation
Ce produit a été conçu et testé pour être conforme aux exigences des normes CEI/EN61010-1
“Règles de sécurité pour appareils électriques de mesurage, de régulation et de laboratoire”, pour
des équipements Classe I, portables et pour une utilisation dans un environnement de pollution de
niveau 2. Cet équipement est conçu pour fonctionner à partir d’une alimentation de catégorie I et
II.
Cet équipement doit être protégé de l’introduction de liquides ainsi que des précipitations d’eau,
de neige, etc... Lorsqu’on transporte cet équipement d’un environnement chaud vers un
environnement froid, il est important de laisser l’équipement se stabiliser en température avant de
le connecter à une alimentation afin d’éviter toute formation de condensation. L'appareil doit être
utilisé uniquement dans le cadre des conditions d'environnement spécifiées au chapitre 1
"Performance data" du manuel d'utilisation, toute autre utilisation peut endommager les systèmes
de protection.
Ce produit n’est pas garanti pour fonctionner dans des atmosphères dangereuses ou pour un usage
médical. Si l'équipement doit être utilisé pour des applications en relation avec la sécurité, par
exemple des applications militaires ou aéronautiques, la compatibilité du produit doit être établie
et approuvée par une personne compétente.
WARNING
!
Sécurité électrique (tension d’alimentation alternative)
Cet appareil est protégé conformément à la norme CEI de sécurité Classe 1, c’est-à-dire que sa
prise secteur comporte un fil de protection à la terre. Pour maintenir cette protection, le câble
d’alimentation doit toujours être branché à la source d’alimentation par l’intermédiaire d’une prise
comportant une borne de terre.
Notez que les filtres d’alimentation contiennent des condensateurs qui peuvent encore être chargés
lorsque l’appareil est débranché. Bien que l’énergie contenue soit conforme aux exigences de
sécurité, il est possible de ressentir un léger choc si l’on touche les bornes sitôt après
débranchement.
Ne pas enlever les capots, aucune pièce réparable ne se trouve à l'intérieur. Contacter un des
Centres de Maintenance Internationaux de IFR Ltd dans la liste jointe à la fin du manuel.

PRECAUTIONS
viii 46882-225U
Fusibles Notez que le fusible d’alimentation interne est en série avec la phase du câble d’alimentation. Si la
prise d’alimentation comporte deux bornes non polarisées, il est possible de connecter le fusible au
neutre. Dans ce cas, certaines parties de l’appareil peuvent rester à un certain potentiel même
après coupure du fusible.
WARNING
!
Risque lie au feu
Lors du remplacement des fusibles vérifiez l'exactitude de leur type et de leur valeur.
Si le cable d'alimentation comporte une prise avec fusible intégré, assurez vous que sa valeur est
compatible avec les besoins en courant de l'appareil. Pour la consommation, reportez-vous au
chapitre 1 "Spécifications".
WARNING
Danger produits toxiques
Certains composants utilisés dans cet appareil peuvent contenir des résines et d'autres matières qui
dégagent des fumées toxiques lors de leur incinération. Les précautions d'usages doivent donc être
prises lorsqu'on se débarrasse de ce type de composant.
WARNING
Le Beryllia
Le Beryllia (oxyde de Beryllium) entre dans la composition de certains composants de cet
appareil. Cette matière peut représenter un danger pour la santé s'il elle n'est pas manipulée de
façon correcte - se référer à la partie "Maintenance" du "Manuel de Maintenance" pour les
précautions de manipulation.
WARNING
Bronze au béryllium
Dans cet équipement,certaines pièces mécaniques sont à base de bronze au béryllium. Il s'agit d'un
alliage dans lequel le pourcentage de béryllium ne dépasse pas 5%. Il ne présente aucun danger en
utilisation normale.
Toutefois, cet alliage ne doit pas être travaillé, soudé ou soumis à un processus qui implique
l'utilisation d'une source de chaleur.
En cas de destruction, il sera entreposé dans un container spécial. IL ne devra pas être détruit par
incinération.
WARNING
!
Position inclinée
Lorsque l'appareil est dans une position inclinée, il est recommandé, pour des raisons des stabilité,
de ne pas y empiler d'autres appareils.

PRECAUTIONS
46882-225U ix
Vorsichtsmaßnahmen
Diese Hinweise haben eine bestimmte Bedeutung in diesem Handbuch:
WARNING
dienen zur Vermeidung von Verletzungsrisiken.
dienen dem Schutz der Geräte.
enthalten wichtige Informationen.
Gefahrensymbole
Die Gefahrensymbole auf den Geräten sind wie folgt:
Symbol Gefahrenart
!
Allgemeine Gefahr
Gefährliche Spannung
Warnung vor giftigen Substanzen
Allgemeine Hinweise zur Verwendung
Dieses Produkt wurde entsprechend den Anforderungen von IEC/EN61010-1
“Sicherheitsanforderungen für elektrische Ausrüstung für Meßaufgaben, Steuerung und
Laborbedarf”, Klasse I, transportabel zur Verwendung in einer Grad 2 verunreinigten Umgebung,
entwickelt und getestet. Dieses Gerät ist für Netzversorgung Klasse I und II zugelassen.
Das Gerät sollte vor dem Eindringen von Flüssigkeiten sowie vor Regen, Schnee etc. geschützt
werden. Bei Standortänderung von kalter in wärmere Umgebung sollte das Gerät wegen der
Kondensation erst nach Anpassung an die wärmere Umgebung mit dem Netz verbunden werden.
Das Gerät darf nur in Umgebungsbedingungen wie in Kapitel 1 "Leistungsdaten (Performance
data)" der Bedienungsanleitung beschrieben, betrieben werden; ansonsten wird der vom Gerät
vorgesehene Schutz des Anwenders beeinträchtigt.
Dieses Produkt ist nicht für den Einsatz in gefährlicher Umgebung (z.B. Ex-Bereich) und für
medizinische Anwendungen geprüft. Sollte das Gerät für den Einsatz in sicherheitsrelevanten
Anwendungen wie z.B. im Flugverkehr oder bei militaerischen Anwendungen vorgesehen sein, so
ist dieser von einer für diesen Bereich zuständigen Person zu beurteilen und genehmigen.
WARNING
!
Elektrische Schläge (Wechselspannungsversorgung)
Das Gerät entspricht IEC Sicherheitsklasse 1 mit einem Schutzleiter nach Erde. Das Netzkabel
muß stets an eine Steckdose mit Erdkontakt angeschlossen werden.
Filterkondensatoren in der internen Spannungsversorgung können auch nach Unterbrechung der
Spannungszuführung noch geladen sein. Obwohl die darin gespeicherte Energie innerhalb der
Sicherheitsmargen liegt, kann ein leichter Spannungsschlag bei Berührung kurz nach der
Unterbrechung erfolgen.
Entfernen Sie keine Gehäuseabdeckungen, es befinden sich keine austauschbaren Teile im Gerät.
Eine Liste der IFR Servicestellen finden Sie auf der Rückseite des Handbuches.

PRECAUTIONS
x 46882-225U
Sicherungen
Die interne Sicherung in der Spannungszuführung ist in Reihe mit der spannungsführenden
Zuleitung geschaltet. Bei Verbindung mit einer zweiadrigen, nicht gepolten Steckdose kann die
Sicherung in der Masseleitung liegen, so daß auch bei geschmolzener Sicherung Geräteteile immer
noch auf Spannungspotential sind.
WARNING
!
Feuergefahr
Es dürfen nur Ersatzsicherungen vom gleichen Typ mit den korrekten Spezifikationen
entsprechend der Stromaufnahme des Gerätes verwendet werden. Siehe hierzu die Leistungsdaten
(Performance Data) in Kapitel 1.
WARNING
Warnung vor giftigen Substanzen
In einigen Bauelementen dieses Geräts können Epoxyharze oder andere Materialien enthalten sein,
die im Brandfall giftige Gase erzeugen. Bei der Entsorgung müssen deshalb entsprechende
Vorsichtsmaßnahmen getroffen werden.
WARNING
Beryllium Oxid
Beryllium Oxid wird in einigen Bauelementen verwendet.
Bei inkorrekter Handhabung kann dieses Material Gesundheitsschäden verursachen. Siehe hierzu
die Hinweise zur Handhabung im Service-Handbuch.
WARNING
Beryllium Kupfer
In diesem Gerät sind einige mechanische Komponenten aus Berylium Kupfer gefertigt. Dies ist
eine Verbindung welche aus einem Berylliumanteil von ca. 5 % besteht. Bei normaler
Verwendung besteht kein Gesundheitsrisiko.
Das Metall darf nicht bearbeitet, geschweißt oder sonstiger Wärmebehandlung ausgesetzt werden.
Es muß als Sondermüll entsorgt werden.
Es darf nicht durch Verbrennung entsorgt werden.
WARNING
!
Schrägstellung
Bei Schrägstellung des Geräts sollten aus Stabilitätsgründen keine anderen Geräte darauf gestellt
werden.

PRECAUTIONS
46882-225U xi
Precauzioni
Questi termini vengono utilizzati in questo manuale con significati specifici:
WARNING
riportano informazioni atte ad evitare possibili pericoli alla persona.
riportano informazioni per evitare possibili pericoli all'apparecchiatura.
riportano importanti informazioni di carattere generale.
Simboli di pericolo
Significato dei simboli di pericolo utilizzati nell'apparato:
Simbolo Tipo di pericolo
!
Pericolo generico
Tensione pericolosa
Pericolo sostanze tossiche
Condizioni generali d’uso
Questo prodotto è stato progettato e collaudato per rispondere ai requisiti della direttiva
IEC/EN61010-1 ‘Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and
laboratory use’ per apparati di classe I, trasportabili e per l’uso in un ambiente inquinato di grado
2. L’apparato è stato progettato per essere alimentato da un alimentatore di categoria I e II.
Lo strumento deve essere protetto dal possibile ingresso di liquidi quali, ad es., acqua, pioggia,
neve, ecc. Qualora lo strumento venga portato da un ambiente freddo ad uno caldo, è importante
lasciare che la temperatura all’interno dello strumento si stabilizzi prima di alimentarlo per evitare
formazione di condense. Lo strumento deve essere utilizzato esclusivamente nelle condizioni
ambientali descritte nel capitolo 1 ‘Performance data’ del manuale operativo, in caso contrario le
protezioni previste nello strumento potrebbero risultare non sufficienti.
Questo prodotto non è stato approvato per essere usato in ambienti pericolosi o applicazioni
medicali. Se lo strumento deve essere usato per applicazioni particolari collegate alla sicurezza
(per esempio applicazioni militari o avioniche), occorre che una persona o un istituto competente
ne certifichi l'uso.
WARNING
!
Pericoli da elettricità (alimentazione c.a.)
Quest ’apparato è provvisto del collegamento di protezione di terra e rispetta le norme di sicurezza
IEC, classe 1. Per mantenere questa protezione è necessario che il cavo, la spina e la presa
d’alimentazione siano tutti provvisti di terra.
Il circuito d’alimentazione contiene dei filtri i cui condensatori possono restare carichi anche dopo
aver rimosso l’alimentazione. Sebbene l’energia immagazzinata è entro i limiti di sicurezza,
purtuttavia una leggera scossa può essere avvertita toccando i capi della spina subito dopo averla
rimossa.
Non rimuovere i coperchi, utilizzare solo parti di scorta originali. Vedi elenco internazionale dei
Centri di Assistenza in fondo al manuale.

PRECAUTIONS
xii 46882-225U
Fusibili Notare che un fusibile è posto sul filo caldo del cavo di alimentazione. Qualora l’alimentazione
avvenga tramite due poli non polarizzati, è possibile che il fusibile vada a protezione del neutro
per cui anche in caso di una sua rottura, l’apparato potrebbe restare sotto tensione.
WARNING
!
Pericolo d'incendio
Assicurarsi che, in caso di sostituzione, vengano utilizzati solo fusibili della portata e del tipo
prescritti.
Se viene usata una spina con fusibili, assicurarsi che questi siano di portata adeguata ai requisiti di
alimentazione richiesti dallo strumento. Tali requisiti sono riportati nel cap. 1 "Performance data".
WARNING
Pericolo sostanze tossiche
Alcuni dei componenti usati in questo strumento possono contenere resine o altri materiali che, se
bruciati, possono emettere fumi tossici. Prendere quindi le opportune precauzioni nell'uso di tali
parti.
WARNING
Berillio
Berillio (ossido di berillio) è utilizzato nella costruzione di alcuni componenti di quest'apparato.
Questo materiale, se maneggiato non correttamente, può causare danni alla salute. Far riferimento
ai capitoli di manutenzione del Manuale di Servizio per le precauzioni richieste.
WARNING
Rame berillio
Alcuni componenti meccanici in questo strumento sono realizzati in rame berillio. Si tratta di una
lega con contenuto di berillio di circa il 5%, che non presenta alcun rischio in usi normali.
Questo materiale non deve essere lavorato, saldato o subire qualsiasi processo che coinvolge alte
temperature.
Deve essere eliminato come "rifiuto speciale". Non deve essere eliminato tramite "inceneritore".
WARNING
!
Posizionamento inclinato
Quando lo strumento è in posizione inclinata è raccomandato, per motivi di stabilità, non
sovrapporre altri strumenti.

PRECAUTIONS
46882-225U xiii
Precauciones
Estos términos tienen significados específicos en este manual:
WARNING
contienen información referente a prevención de daños personales.
contienen información referente a prevención de daños en equipos.
contienen información general importante.
Símbolos de peligro
Los significados de los símbolos de peligro que aparecen en los equipos son los siguientes:
Símbolo Naturaleza del peligro
!
Peligro general
Voltaje peligroso
Aviso de toxicidad
Condiciones generales de uso
Este producto ha sido diseñado y probado para cumplir los requerimientos de la normativa
IEC/EN61010-1 “Requerimientos de la normativa para equipos eléctricos de medida, control y uso
en laboratorio”, para equipos clase I, portátiles y para uso en un ambiente con un grado de
contaminación 2. El equipo ha sido diseñado para funcionar sobre una instalación de alimentación
de categorías I y II.
Debe protegerse el equipo de la entrada de líquidos y precipitaciones como nieve, lluvia, etc.
Cuando se traslada el equipo de entorno frío a un entorno caliente, es importante aguardar la
estabilización el equipo para evitar la condensación. Sólo debe utilizarse el aparato en las
condiciones ambientales especificadas en el capítulo 1 “Especificaciones” o “Performance data”
del Manual de Instrucciones/Manual de Operación, en caso contrario la propia protección del
equipo puede resultar dañada.
Este producto no ha sido aprobado para su utilización en entornos peligrosos o en aplicaciones
médicas. Si se va a utilizar el equipo en una aplicación con implicaciones en cuanto a seguridad,
como por ejemplo aplicaciones de aviónica o militares, es preciso que un experto competente en
materia de seguridad apruebe su uso.
WARNING
!
Nivel peligroso de electricidad (tensión de red)
Este equipo cumple las normas IEC Seguridad Clase 1, lo que significa que va provisto de un
cable de protección de masa. Para mantener esta protección, el cable de alimentación de red debe
de conectarse siempre a una clavija con terminal de masa.
Tenga en cuenta que el filtro de red contiene condensadores que pueden almacenar carga una vez
desconectado el equipo. Aunque la energía almacenada está dentro de los requisitos de seguridad,
pudiera sentirse una ligera descarga al tocar la clavija de alimentación inmediatamente después de
su desconexión de red.
No quitar las tapas, en el interior no existen piezas reemplazables por el usuario. Vea la lista de
Centros de Servicios Internacionales en la parte trasera del manual.

PRECAUTIONS
xiv 46882-225U
Fusibles
Se hace notar que el fusible de alimentación interno está enserie con el activo del cable de
alimentación a red. Si la clavija de alimentación de red cuenta con sólo dos terminales sin
polaridad, el fusible puede pasar a estar en serie con el neutro, en cuyo caso existen partes del
equipo que permanecerían a tensión de red incluso después de que el fusible haya fundido.
WARNING
!
Peligro de incendio
Asegúrese de utilizar sólo fusibles del tipo y valores especificados como recuesto.
Si se utiliza una clavija con fusible incorporado, asegúrese de que los valores del fusible
corresponden a los requeridos por el equipo. Ver sección de especificaciones del capítulo 1 para
comprobar los requisitos de alimentación.
WARNING
Aviso de toxicidad
Alguno de los componentes utilizados en este equipo pudieran incluir resinas u otro tipo de
materiales que al arder produjeran sustancias tóxicas, Por tanto, tome las debidas precauciones en
la manipulación de esas piezas.
WARNING
Berilio
Berilio (óxido de berilio) Este material es utilizado en la fabricación de alguno de los componentes
de este equipo.
Si se manipulase incorrectamente podria causar daños a la salud - En la sección de mantenimiento
y reparación encontrará normas de manejo de seguridad.
WARNING
Berilio-cobre
Algunos componentes mecánicos contenidos en este instrumento incorporan berilio-cobre en su
proceso de fabricación. Se trata de una aleación con un contenido aproximado de berilio del 5%,
lo que no representa ningún riesgo durante su uso normal.
El material no debe ser manipulado, soldado, ni sometido a ningún proceso que implique la
aplicación de calor.
Para su eliminación debe tratarse como un "residuo especial". El material NO DEBE eliminarse
mediante incineración.
WARNING
!
Tener en cuenta con el equipo inclinado
Si utiliza el equipo en posición inclinada, se recomienda, por razones de estabilidad, no apilar
otros equipos encima de él.

46882-225U 1-1
GENERAL
INFORMATION
Chapter 1
GENERAL INFORMATION
Contents
Introduction....................................................................................................................................1-2
Main features..................................................................................................................................1-2
Operation.................................................................................................................................1-2
Display....................................................................................................................................1-2
Frequency selection.................................................................................................................1-2
Output .....................................................................................................................................1-2
Calibration...............................................................................................................................1-3
Modulation..............................................................................................................................1-3
Incrementing ...........................................................................................................................1-3
Frequency sweep.....................................................................................................................1-3
Memory...................................................................................................................................1-3
Programming...........................................................................................................................1-4
Calibration data.......................................................................................................................1-4
Performance data............................................................................................................................1-5
Versions, options and accessories..................................................................................................1-9

GENERAL INFORMATION
1-2 46882-225U
Introduction
The 2023 and 2024 are portable and lightweight synthesized signal generators covering the
frequency range 9 kHz to 1.2 GHz (2023) and 9 kHz to 2.4 GHz (2024). A dot matrix display
with a comprehensive set of utility menus allow flexibility of operation and ease of use. The RF
output can be amplitude, frequency, phase or pulse modulated. An internal programmable AF
source is capable of generating simultaneous two-tone modulation.
All parameters can be entered from a front panel keyboard and a rotary control can be used to
adjust most settings. Microprocessor control ensures that the instruments are flexible and easy to
use and allows programming by either the General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB) or by RS-232.
The GPIB is designed to IEEE Standard 488.2. The interfaces allow remote control of all
functions except the supply switch, and allow the instruments to be used either manually or as part
of a fully automated test system.
Main features
Operation
Selection of parameters on the screen may involve one or more of the numeric, hard or menu
selection keys or the rotary control knob. Parameters may be set to specific values by numeric key
entry, while values may be varied in steps of any size using the DOWN/UP keys or altered by
moving the control knob, set to a particular sensitivity.
Display
The display is a dot matrix liquid crystal panel, with backlighting. Display contrast may be varied
to accommodate differing lighting conditions and the setting saved in memory. A graphical
display test is available to the user.
Frequency selection
Carrier frequency is either selected directly via the keyboard or remotely via the interfaces.
Frequency resolution is 1 Hz across the band. A series of carrier frequencies can be stored in non-
volatile memory for recall when required.
Output
RF output up to +13 dBm can be set by direct keyboard entry with a resolution of 0.1 dB over the
entire range. For instruments fitted with the high power option, RF output is increased to
+25 dBm. A carrier ON/OFF key is provided to completely disable the output.
A choice of level units is available to the user and provision is made for the conversion of units
(for example, dBm to μV) by a simple keypress.
An electronic trip protects the generator output against reverse power of up to 50 W. This prevents
damage to output circuits when RF or DC power is accidentally applied to the RF OUTPUT
connector.
To facilitate testing of receiver squelch systems, an attenuator hold function allows control of the
RF output without introducing RF level drop-outs from the step attenuator.
The RF output level can be offset by up to ±5.0 dB to compensate for cable or switching losses, or
standardize a group of instruments.
Maximum RF output level can be set so as to protect sensitive devices connected to the RF
OUTPUT socket.

46882-225U 1-3
GENERAL
INFORMATION
Spectral purity
With an SSB phase noise performance of typically -121 dBc/Hz at 20 kHz offset from a 1 GHz
carrier, these instruments can be used for both in-channel and adjacent channel receiver
measurements. Harmonically related signals and non-harmonics are typically better than -25 dBc
and -60 dBc respectively.
Calibration
This instrument has a recommended two year calibration interval after which it should be returned
for recalibration (for addresses refer to 'Addresses' section at end of manual).
Modulation
Comprehensive amplitude, frequency and phase modulations are available. Pulse modulation can
be applied to the carrier from an external pulse source. The instrument also accepts one or two
logic level inputs to produce a 2-level or 4-level FSK modulated output. An internal modulation
oscillator is provided, having a frequency range of 0.01 Hz to 20 kHz. The oscillator is capable of
generating one or two modulation tones simultaneously in one modulation channel. An
independent BNC input on the front panel allows external modulation signals to be combined with
the internal signal(s). These sources can be combined to give a number of modulation modes.
The pulse modulation can be used in combination with the other forms of modulation.
The frequency modulation range provides a 1 dB bandwidth of typically 100 kHz and provides
FM deviation up to a maximum of 100 kHz. AC or DC coupled FM can be selected. Phase
modulation is also available with a 9 kHz bandwidth up to a maximum of 10 radians.
Amplitude modulation with a 1 dB bandwidth of typically 30 kHz and with modulation depths of
up to 99.9% is available with a resolution of 0.1%. Pulse modulation is available as standard with
typical rise and fall times of less than 10 μs and 40 dB on/off ratio.
The external input voltage required for 100% modulation is 1 V RMS or, optionally, 1 V peak. To
accommodate other signal levels, Automatic Level Control (ALC) can be selected which provides
correctly calibrated modulation for inputs between 0.75 and 1.25 V RMS.
A MOD ON/OFF key simplifies the testing of signal to noise ratio.
An optional fast pulse modulator improves the rise/fall times to typically 10 ns.
Incrementing
All major parameters can be incremented or decremented in step sizes entered via keyboard entry
or remotely. If no step size is entered for a parameter, the steps are preset to 1 kHz for carrier
frequency, 1 kHz for modulation oscillator, 1 kHz for FM deviation, 0.1% for AM depth, 0.01 rad
for ΦM and 1 dB for output level.
In addition, the rotary control knob can be used to vary the parameter with the sensitivity of the
knob being changed by means of the ×10 and ÷10 keys.
Frequency sweep
The sweep capability of the instrument allows comprehensive testing of systems. Sweeps may be
logarithmic or linear. Four parameters are used to specify sweep; start, stop, step size and time per
step and a percentage increment in the case of logarithmic sweep, all of which may be specified by
the user. The sweep can be paused at any time. During the sweep the RF level can be altered
using the rotary control. Sweep triggering can be single shot or continuous and can be initiated
directly or on the detection of a trigger. The triggering signal may either be programmed or from a
TTL signal applied to the rear panel TRIGGER input.
Memory
The instrument provides both non-volatile and volatile memory for storing instrument settings.
The non-volatile memory provides 100 instrument settings and 100 settings of carrier frequency
only. The volatile memory (RAM) also provides 100 instrument settings. Any one of the non-
volatile instrument settings can be selected as the power-up setting for the instrument.

GENERAL INFORMATION
1-4 46882-225U
Memory cloning
The stored settings in one instrument can be easily transferred (without the use of a controller) to
another instrument using the RS-232 interface, or to several other instruments using the GPIB
interface.
Memory sequencing
A software facility allows sequences of stored instrument settings to be defined. The incrementing
facilities can then be used to cycle through the settings in manually operated test systems or be
operated via an external trigger.
Memory protection
To prevent accidental change of the contents of the stored settings, individual memories or ranges
of memories can be write-protected.
Programming
A GPIB interface is fitted so that all functions are controllable via the interface bus which is
designed to the IEEE Standard 488.2. The instrument can function both as talker and listener.
The instrument also has an RS-232 interface which uses the common GPIB command set. The
interfaces enable the instrument to be remotely controlled as well as being used to transfer settings
(cloning) from one instrument to another.
Calibration data
All alignment data is digitally derived. Realignment can be undertaken, without removing covers,
by protected front panel functions or via the GPIB interface.

46882-225U 1-5
GENERAL
INFORMATION
Performance data
Carrier frequency
Range: 9 kHz to 1.2 GHz (2023).
9 kHz to 2.4 GHz (2024).
Resolution: 1 Hz.
Accuracy: Equal to the frequency standard accuracy.
RF output
Range: -140 dBm to +13 dBm.
When AM is selected the maximum RF output level decreases linearly with increasing
AM depth to +7 dBm at 99.9% depth.
Resolution: 0.1 dB.
Accuracy: For output levels above -127 dBm and over a temperature range of 17 to 27°C:
±0.8 dB to 1.2 GHz;
±1.6 dB to 2.4 GHz.
Temperature coefficient <±0.02 dB/°C to 1.2 GHz, and <±0.04 dB/°C to 2.4 GHz.
Attenuator hold: Selection of Attenuator Hold provides for uncalibrated level reduction of at least 10 dB
without the mechanical attenuator operating.
RF output connector: 50 Ω, type-N connector to MIL 390123D.
VSWR: For output levels less than -5 dBm output VSWR is less than 1.3:1 for carrier frequencies
up to 1.2 GHz and less than 1.5:1 for carrier frequencies up to 2.4 GHz.
Output protection: Protected against the application of reverse power to the output connector for levels up
to 50 W from 50 Ωor 25 W from a source VSWR of 5:1. Protection circuit can be reset
from the front panel or via the GPIB/RS-232 interfaces.
75 Ωcalibration: The output level can be entered as the value after a 50/75 Ωexternal adapter.
Spectral purity
Harmonics: Typically better than -30 dBc for RF levels up to +7 dBm.
Typically better than -25 dBc for RF levels up to +13 dBm.
Non-harmonics: Better than -70 dBc for carrier frequencies up to 1 GHz.
Better than -64 dBc for carrier frequencies above 1 GHz.
Better than -60 dBc for carrier frequencies above 2 GHz.
Residual FM (FM off): Less than 4.5 Hz RMS in a 300 Hz to 3.4 kHz unweighted bandwidth at a carrier
frequency of 1 GHz.
Residual FM (typical)
<1 Hz at 249 MHz
<2 Hz at 501 MHz
<3 Hz at 1001 MHz
<6 Hz at 2001 MHz
SSB phase noise: Better than -124 dBc/Hz at 20 kHz offset from a 470 MHz carrier.
Typically -121 dBc/Hz at 20 kHz offset from a 1 GHz carrier.
RF leakage: Less than 0.5 μV at the carrier frequency into a two-turn 25 mm diameter loop 25 mm
from the surface of the signal generator.
Modulation FM, AM or phase modulation can be applied to the carrier from an internal or external
modulation source. The internal modulation source is capable of generating two
simultaneous signals into any one of the modulation channels. Internal and external
modulation can be simultaneously enabled to produce combined amplitude and
frequency (or phase) modulation. Pulse modulation can be applied to the carrier from an
external pulse source. The pulse modulation can be used in combination with the other
forms of modulation. 2 level or 4 level FSK modulation can be applied to the carrier
using data from an external source.
Frequency modulation
Deviation range: 0 to 100 kHz.
Resolution: 3 digits or 1 Hz.
Bandwidth (1 dB): DC to 100 kHz (DC coupled),
10 Hz to 100 kHz (AC coupled),
20 Hz to 100 kHz (AC coupled with ALC).
Accuracy: ±5% at 1 kHz modulation rate.
Carrier frequency Less than 1% of the set frequency deviation.