Blonder tongue HDE-2H/2S-QAM User manual

INSTRUCTION MANUAL
One Jake Brown Road
Old Bridge, NJ 08857-1000 USA
www.blondertongue.com
©2013 Blonder Tongue Laboratories, Inc. All rights reserved. Specifications are subject to change without notice. Trademarks are the property of their respective owner.
HDE-2H/2S-QAM
MPEG-2 HD Encoder
Model Stock No. Description
HDE-2H/2S-QAM 6379A MPEG-2 HD Encoder
2xHDMI + 2xHD-SDI+ 4xComponent/Composite inputs;
4xQAM + 4xGigE + 4xASI outputs; EAS compatible
Status Date Document No. Issue No. Author
Active August 13, 2013 651227300C 3 KK
Obsolete May 28, 2013 651227300B 2 KK
Obsolete March 8, 2013 651227300A 1 KK

2HDE-2H/2S-QAM
Instruction Manual
We recommend that you write the following information in the spaces provided below.
The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. Revisions may be
issued to advise of such changes and/or additions.
Blonder Tongue Laboratories, Inc.
One Jake Brown Road
Old Bridge, NJ 08857 USA
Printed in the United States of America.
All product names, trade names, or corporate names mentioned in this document are
acknowledged to be the proprietary property of the registered owners.
This product incorporates copyright protection technology that is protected by U.S. patents and other
intellectual property rights. Reverse engineering or disassembly is prohibited.

3HDE-2H/2S-QAM
Instruction Manual
Table of Contents
..................................................................................................... 4
............................................................................................................................. 6
2.1 REVISION HISTORY & REASON................................................................................................................................... 6
2.2 PRODUCT APPLICATION & DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................. 6
.......................................................................................................................................... 9
................................................................................................................ 10
3.1 UNPACKING .............................................................................................................................................................. 10
3.2 INSTALLATION .......................................................................................................................................................... 10
................................................................................................................................................................ 10
...................................................................................................................... 12
5.1 ACCESSING THE UNIT VIA THE WEB BROWSER ...................................................................................................... 12
5.2 "MAIN > STATUS" SCREEN ....................................................................................................................................... 13
5.3 "MAIN > PROGRAM" SCREEN.................................................................................................................................. 14
5.4 "MAIN > VIDEO" SCREEN......................................................................................................................................... 15
5.5 "MAIN > AUDIO" SCREEN ........................................................................................................................................ 16
5.6 "MAIN > TS MAP" SCREEN....................................................................................................................................... 18
.................................................................................................................................. 20
5.8 "MAIN > IP" SCREEN ................................................................................................................................................ 23
5.9 "MAIN > QAM" SCREEN........................................................................................................................................... 24
5.10 "MAIN > OUTPUT" SCREEN ................................................................................................................................... 26
......................................................................................................................................... 27
5.12 "NETWORK" SCREEN ............................................................................................................................................. 28
5.12.1 "ADMIN.HTML" HIDDEN SCREEN ............................................................................................................. 30
5.13 "TIME" SCREEN ...................................................................................................................................................... 33
5.14 "EVENT LOG" SCREEN............................................................................................................................................ 34
............................................................................................. 35
....................................................................... 38

4HDE-2H/2S-QAM
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Safety Instructions
➥ Elevated Operating Ambient - If installed in a closed or multi-unit rack assembly, the operating ambient temperature of the rack environment
may be greater than room ambient. Therefore, consideration should be given to installing the equipment in an environment compatible with the
maximum ambient temperature per Section 2.3.
➥
is not compromised.
➥ Mechanical Loading - Mounting of the equipment in the rack should be such that a hazardous condition is not achieved due to uneven mechanical loading.
➥ Circuit Overloading - Consideration should be given to the connection of the equipment to the supply circuit and the effect that overloading of
the circuits might have on overcurrent protection and supply wiring. Appropriate consideration of equipment nameplate ratings should be used
when addressing this concern.
➥ Reliable Earthing - Reliable earthing of rack-mounted equipment should be maintained. Particular attention should be given to supply connections
other than direct connections to the branch circuit (e.g. use of power strips).
➥ Read all safety and operating instructions before you operate the unit.
➥ Retain all safety and operating instructions for future reference.
➥ Heed all warnings on the unit and in the safety and operating instructions.
close to the point of cable entry as practical.
The STOP sign symbol is intended to alert you to the presence of REQUIRED operating and maintenance
(servicing) instructions that if not followed, may result in product failure or destruction.
The YIELD sign symbol is intended to alert you to the presence of RECOMMENDED operating and maintenance
(servicing) instructions.
The LIGHTNING flash symbol is intended to alert you to the presence of uninsulated "dangerous voltage"
within the product's enclosure that may be of sufficient magnitude to constitute a risk of electrical shock.

5HDE-2H/2S-QAM
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Safety Instructions - continued
➥
➥ Unplug the unit from the AC power outlet before cleaning. Use only a damp cloth for cleaning the exterior of the unit.
➥ Do not use accessories or attachments not recommended by Blonder Tongue, as they may cause hazards, and will void the warranty.
➥ Do not operate the unit in high-humidity areas, or expose it to water or moisture.
➥ Do not place the unit on an unstable cart, stand, tripod, bracket, or table. The unit may fall, causing serious personal injury and damage to the
unit. Install the unit only in a mounting rack designed for 19” rack-mounted equipment.
➥ Do not block or cover slots and openings in the unit. These are provided for ventilation and protection from overheating. Never place the
unit near or over a radiator or heat register. Do not place the unit in an enclosure such as a cabinet without proper ventilation. Do not mount
equipment in the rack space directly above or below the unit.
➥ Operate the unit using only the type of power source indicated on the marking label. Unplug the unit power cord by gripping the plug, not the cord.
➥ The unit is equipped with a three-wire ground-type plug. This plug will fit only into a ground-type power outlet. If you are unable to insert the
plug into the outlet, contact an electrician to replace the outlet. Do not defeat the safety purpose of the ground-type plug.
➥ Route power supply cords so that they are not likely to be walked on or pinched by items placed upon or against them. Pay particular attention
to cords at plugs, convenience receptacles, and the point where they exit from the unit.
➥ Be sure that the outdoor components of the antenna system are grounded in accordance with local, federal, and National Electrical Code (NEC)
➥
storm, or when the unit is left unattended and unused for long periods of time, unplug it from the wall outlet and disconnect the lines between
the unit and the antenna. This will prevent damage caused by lightning or power line surges.
➥ Do not locate the antenna near overhead power lines or other electric light or power circuits, or where it can fall into such power lines or circuits.
When installing the antenna, take extreme care to avoid touching such power lines or circuits, as contact with them can be fatal.
➥ Do not overload wall outlets or extension cords, as this can result in a risk of fire or electrical shock.
➥ Never insert objects of any kind into the unit through openings, as the objects may touch dangerous voltage points or short out parts. This could
cause fire or electrical shock.
➥ Do not attempt to service the unit yourself, as opening or removing covers may expose you to dangerous voltage and will void the warranty. Refer
all servicing to authorized service personnel.
➥
❏ The power supply cord or plug is damaged;
❏ Liquid has been spilled, or objects have fallen into the unit;
❏ The unit has been exposed to rain or water;
❏ The unit has been dropped or the chassis has been damaged;
❏ The unit exhibits a distinct change in performance.
➥ When replacement parts are required, ensure that the service technician uses replacement parts specified by Blonder Tongue. Unauthorized
substitutions may damage the unit or cause electrical shock or fire, and will void the warranty.
➥ Upon completion of any service or repair to the unit, ask the service technician to perform safety checks to ensure that the unit is in proper
operating condition.
,
Before returning product, please contact the Blonder Tongue Service
for further information.

6HDE-2H/2S-QAM
Instruction Manual
Section 2 — Product Summary
This is the third issue of the Instruction Manual.
The reason for this revision was to reflect the updated web pages and features now available with software version 1.0.17
and above.
The reason for the second revision was to reflect the updated web pages and features now available with software version
1.0.14.
HDE-2H/2S-QAM (MPEG-2 HD Encoder – 2xHDMI/2xHD-SDI/4xComponent/Composite – 4xQAM) accepts up to four (4)
Ethernet), and 4xASI.
To improve transport efficiency, the encoder allows operator to (i) assign one (1) to four (4) programs to each QAM output
channel, and (ii) to individually turn on/off each of the four (4) adjacent QAM output channels.
The encoder supports Dolby® Digital audio encoding, and Closed Captioning (EIA-608 and EIA-708). It is also equipped with
without service interruption.
Comprehensive remote monitoring and control is accomplished using any standard Web browser via a front-panel
10/100Base-T Ethernet connection.
Composite
Once MPEG-2 encoded, the four (4) output programs can be assigned to either Single Program Transport Streams (SPTS) or
Multi-Program Transport Streams (MPTS). The four (4) output programs can be assigned to the QAM, ASI, and IP outputs
No. of SPTS No. of MPTS
Channels used
No. ASI
Connectors used
No. of IP outputs
available
4
3
2
1
0
0
N/A
N/A
1 (2 progs.)
1 (3 progs.)
2 (2 progs.)
1 (4 progs.)
4
3
3
2
2
1
4
3
3
2
2
1
4
3
3
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RJ45 connector for GigE (1000Base-T Ethernet) interface for multiplexed SPTS or MPTS output streams. Only static IP address can be
assigned to this interface. The factory default value is 192.168.253.1.
RJ45 connector for 10/100Base-T Ethernet interface for monitoring and configuring the unit. Only static IP address can be assigned to
this interface. The factory default value is 172.16.70.1.
IP address = 172.16.70.1
Username = Admin (case-sensitive)
Password = pass (case-sensitive)
Audio LED
Green = Audio input type detected is Analog (L/R) or Digital Audio (PCM)
Red = Audio input with error
Off = Audio input not detected
Green = Video input type detected is Component (YPbPr) or HDMI or HD-SDI
Red = Video input with error
Off = Video input not detected
The “ASI OUT” BNC connectors 1 to 4 delivers multiplexed SPTS or MPTS output and is typically used as input to an external modulator.
LED is Blue = two encoder chipsets are encoding (no input signal needs to be present).
LED is Off = one or both of the of the encoder chipsets are not encoding, or their normal operating temperature has been
exceeded.
LED is Green = AC power is detected.
LED is off = indicates (i) AC power is not connected, or (ii) AC power is connected but the power supply is defective. The unit must be sent
to Blonder Tongue for repair for condition (ii).
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a) 5-12 VDC between terminals 1 & 3 shown below
b) Dry Contact between terminals 2 & 3 shown below
1 2 3
GND
This feature is intended to activate EAS and override all input programs (whether HDMI, HD-SDI or
and DATA OUT (see ) will all contain the EAS content on every program.
RCA connectors for EAS Analog Audio (marked L & R) and Composite Video (marked VIDEO) inputs.
RCA connectors (marked L and R) for Analog Left/Right Audio inputs and RCA connectors (marked “DIGITAL”) for
Digital Audio program inputs.
RCA connectors (marked Pr, Pb, Y) for Analog Component Video inputs. The RCA Connectors (marked Y) are also used
for Composite Video input.
RCA connectors (marked “CC IN”) for Analog NTSC Closed Captioning (EIA-608, also known as Line 21), which will
then be digitized and inserted in the MPEG-2 Transport Stream of the HDMI, and Component inputs.
BNC connectors to receive the HD-SDI input.
HDMI connectors for unencrypted HDMI inputs.
THESE CONDITIONS ARE MET.
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2.3 Product Specification
Output
Input
General
Dimensions (W x D x H):19.0 x 18.125 x 1.75 inches (483 x 460 x 44 mm)
Power: 115-230VAC, 60/50Hz (Fuse:3.0A, 250VDC, Slo Blo)
Power Dissipation: 60 W
Weight: 8 lbs (3.6 kg)
Operating Temperature: 32 to 122 °F (0 to 50 °C)
Storage Temperature: -13 to 158 °F (-25 to 70 °C)
Operating Humidity: 0 to 95% RH @ 35 °C max, non-condensing
Storage Humidity: 0 to 95% RH @ 35 °C max, non-condensing
Local Monitoring:
Local Control:
8x Input Status LEDs (Video 1-4; Audio 1-4)
1x “F” Female RF Test Port
1x Encoder LED
1x Power LED
1x IP Reset button
Remote Monitoring/Control: GUI-based menu via standard Web browsers
(1x RJ45 front-panel connector; 10/100Base-T)
HDMI
Connectors:
Video Resolution:
HDCP Encryption:
Audio:
2x HDMI
480i, 720p, & 1080i
Not supported
Embedded PCM and pass-through Dolby®Digital
only
HD-SDI
Connectors:
Standard:
Video Resolution:
Audio:
2x BNC
SMPTE 292M
480i, 720p, & 1080i
Embedded PCM and pass-through Dolby®Digital
only
Component
Connectors:
Video Resolution:
Video Aspect Ratio:
Audio:
4 sets each 3x RCA for Video (Y, Pb, Pr)
480i, 720p, & 1080i
4:3 & 16:9
4 sets each 2x RCA for Analog Audio (L, R)
4 sets each 1x RCA for Digital Audio (PCM)
Composite
Connectors:
Video Resolution:
Audio:
4 sets each 1x RCA for Video (Y)
480i
4 sets each 2x RCA for Analog Audio (L, R)
4 sets each 1x RCA for Digital Audio (PCM)
Encoding Profile
Video
Output Format:
Chroma:
Resolution:
Frame rate:
Aspect Ratio:
GOP Structure:
Transport Rate:
Video Bit Rate:
Video Pre-filter:
Color Space:
Audio
Output Format:
Sampling rate:
Bit rate:
MPEG-2 HD MP@ML; ISO 13818-2
4:2:0
480i, 720p, & 1080i
29.97 fps (480i); 29.97 fps (1080i); 59.97 fps (720p)
4:3 & 16:9
I & P frames (user-selectable)
Variable (user-selectable)
Variable (user-selectable)
Variable (user-selectable)
YCbCr and RGB
Dolby®Digital
48 kHz
Variable; 96 - 448 Kbps (user-selectable)
Closed Captioning
HDMI:
HD-SDI:
Component:
Composite:
EIA-608; 4x RCA (CC IN)
EIA-708; Embedded in HD-SDI input
EIA-608
EIA-608
QAM
Connector:
Modulation:
Standards:
DVB Symbol Rate:
Frequency Range:
Tuning:
Channels’ Bandwidth:
RF Level:
RF Level Accuracy:
Frequency Tolerance:
Frequency Stability:
Amplitude Flatness:
Phase Noise:
Spurious:
Broadband Noise:
Impedance:
Spectral Inversion:
Carrier Suppression:
Return Loss:
Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR):
MER:
I/Q Phase Error:
I/Q Amplitude Imbalance:
1x “F” Female (rear panel; up to 4x RF QAM ch. combined)
QAM 16, 32, 64, 128, and 256
ITU-T J.83; Annex A and B
Variable; up to 7 MSymbol/sec (MBaud)
54 to 1002 MHz
CATV Channel Selectable (Ch. 2 to 158)
24 MHz (4x Adjacent 6 MHz)
+42 to +52 dBmV, 1 dB increment (4 ch. combined)
+46 to +56 dBmV, 1 dB increment (2 ch. combined)
± 1 dB
± 0.5 kHz @ 77 °F (25 °C)
± 5 kHz over 32 to 122 °F (0 to 50 °C)
± 0.25 dB (over 6 MHz channel)
-98 dBc (@ 10 kHz)
-57 dBc
-70 dBc (@ +52 dBmV output level, 5.5 MHz bandwidth)
75 Ω
Auto Recognition
45 dB
14 dB typical
40 dB typical
40 dB typical
Less than 1 degree
Less than 1%
ASI
Connectors:
Output Assignment:
Format:
Standard:
4x BNC (Front-panel)
4 output programs can be assigned as follows:
No. of SPTS No. of MPTS Connectors used
(user-defined)
4
3
2
0
0
N/A
N/A
1 (2 progs.)
2 (2 progs.)
1 (4 progs.)
1,2,3,4
1,2,3
1,2,3
1,2
1
DVB-ASI
ETSI EN 50083-9
GigE
Connector:
Standard:
UDP/RTP:
Address Assignment:
1x RJ45 (Front-panel)
1000Base-T Ethernet
Supported (user-selectable)
4x IPv4 addresses & port numbers (user-selectable)

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Seven-foot cross-pinned (cross-over) RJ45 Ethernet cable (QTY=1)
3.2 Installation
The HDE-2H/2S-QAM encoder is designed to be installed in a standard 19-inch (483 mm) rack (EIA 310-D, IEC 60297, and
DIN 41494 SC48D).
To install the encoder, secure the unit’s front panel to the rack by inserting four (4) machine screws, with cup washers,
through the four (4) mounting holes in the front panel.
3.3 Power-up
To power up the unit, connect the line cord to a 115/230 VAC - 60/50 Hz outlet. Please note that the power inlet plug is also
equipped with a fuse-holder and fuse (SLO-BLO, 3.0 Amp, 250V).
The “POWER” LED on the front-panel will light green.

11HDE-2H/2S-QAM
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Local or remote communication with the unit is only possible through a GUI-based menu via any standard web browser.
Before you can communicate with the unit, you must configure the unit's IP address to conform to your existing IP network
(1) Plug one end of the Ethernet cross cable that is provided in the hardware bag to the unit’s front-panel RJ45 interface
marked “Remote Control 10/100”. Plug the other end of the cable to your computer.
(2) The factory default IP address of the unit is 172.16.70.1. To be able to communicate with the unit, you must first change
your computer's IP address.
The following steps explain how to do this for a computer with
(a) On your computer, open the "Control Panel"
(b) Double-click on "Network Connections"
(c) Right-click on the "Local Area Connection", and then click on the "properties".
(d) A dialog box entitled "Local Area Connection Properties" will appear. In this box, double-click on the "Internet
Protocol (TCP/IP)".
(e) A dialog box entitled "Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Properties" will appear. Select the "Use the following IP address"
No need to enter a value for the Default Gateway.
Click OK to close the dialog box. Now your computer is ready to communicate with the unit.
- OR -
The following steps explain how to do this for a computer with
(a) On your computer, open the "Control Panel"
(b) Click on “Network and Internet”
(c) Click on the "View network status and tasks"
(d) Click on “Change Adapter Settings” on left hand side of the window
(e) Right-click on the "Local Area Connection", and then click on the "properties".
(f) A dialog box entitled "Local Area Connection Properties" will appear. In this box, double-click on the "Internet
Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4)".
(g) A dialog box entitled "Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties" will appear. Select the "Use the following
No need to enter a value for the Default Gateway.
Click OK to close the dialog box. Now your computer is ready to communicate with the unit.
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(1) Open a web browser on your computer (Internet Explorer 7 or higher is recommended) and enter the following URL
address
(2) Enter the following case-sensitive factory-default Username and Password, and click on the "Submit" button.
Username = Admin
Password = pass
- OR -
Username = Guest
Password = pass
When logged in as Admin, the user has read and write permission. Only one Admin can be logged in at a time. When
logged in as Guest, the user has only read permission. Up to four Guests can be logged in simultaneously.
Monitoring and configuration of the unit is achieved via a series of web pages described in following sections. The following
unit’s Serial number
a user-defined field to make identification easier
temperature of unit’s chipset
time elapsed since last time the unit was turned on
a user-defined field to make identification easier
and Refresh.
.
Each Primary and sub-tab is described in the subsequent Sections.

13HDE-2H/2S-QAM
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In the section entitled under an orange header, the following parameters about each output TS (Transport Stream) are
indicates the list of programs selected by the user to be assigned to TS (TS #1 thru 4). The program
information includes the PMT PID, Program number, Short Name, Major-minor channel number.
indicates the transport stream bitrate and the TS Bitrate (refer of Section 5.7 for details).
In the section entitled
indicates the encapsulation method, IP address, and the port number to which a TS is assigned.
indicates the physical ASI OUT port number to which a TS is assigned.
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Program Video Source
P1 & P2 HD-SDI #1
HDMI #1
Component In #1 & 2
Composite In #1 & 2
P3 & P4 HD-SDI #2
HDMI #2
Component In #3 & 4
Composite In #3 & 4
allows the user to select the type of the audio source. Possible options are Audio In #1 thru 4, Digital #1
thru 4, HD-SDI #1 &2, and HDMI #1 & 2.
indicates the resolution of the video input selected in above.
indicates the video bitrate as assigned in of Section 5.4.
indicates the audio data rate as assigned in of Section 5.5.
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2
3
4
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must enter the bitrate for each input video. It is recommended to ensure that the sum of the bitrates of the
input videos in a TS, does not exceed selected on the (see of section 5.7
for details). Setting higher bitrates will provide greater video detail in comparison to lower bitrates, but may reduce
the number of programs available within the TS. Typically HD programs use 12 to 17 Mbps and SD programs use 3 to 7
Mbps bitrates.
is the process of passing the EIA-708 & EIA-608 Closed Captioning (CC) information and displaying the
CC text on television or other visual display. Possible options are Enabled and Disabled. The factory default value is
“Disabled”.
is a two-dimensional low-pass filter controlling the degree with which the input video is filtered.
Level 1 filtering of the video will smoothen the sharp edges of the pixels and produce a softer image. The softer an
image, the less number of bits required to encode the image at the quantizer level.
The length between I-frames is known as the group of pictures (GOP) size. The factory default value is 15 i.e.
1 I-frame for every 14 non-I-frames. The range is 1 to 120.
is the video pattern that will be displayed on the output screen if no input video is present. Possible
YCbCr. The factory default is "RGB".
If the displayed pictures are very green or violet in color, it is a good indication that this setting is incorrect.
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allows the user to select the audio encoding bitrate in Kbps (kilobits per second). The range is 96 to 448 kbps.
See Dolby Encoding guidelines for additional information.
allows the user to adjust the audio delay (-300 to 300 ms) to correct for input video/audio sync mismatch.
indicates the input sampling rate of the encoder. The HDE-2H/2S-QAM supports 48 kHz sampling rate.
also referred to as Channel mode. Indicates the number of main audio channels within the encoded
ability to take different incoming audio levels and normalize them. The ability of the Dialog Normalization depends on
the configuration of the Dynamic Range Control. The HDE-2H/2S-QAM allows you to adjust the normalization from -1 to
-31 dB. The typical value is -27 dB. This is based on the standard film audio formats which normally are between -25 and
-31 dB.
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allows the user to select the type of Dynamic Range Compression to be applied to signals that will be used as
direct audio feeds into a TV tuner or other receive devices. The factory default value is “None”.
allows the user to select the type of Dynamic Range Compression to be applied to signals that will be used for
default value is "None".
i) no dynamic range controls have been assigned.
ii) suitable for movies where the very low-level sounds are not to be amplified due to other
undesirable background noises that may become audible, but rather the peaks and valleys are normalized
instead. It has a null bandwidth of 10 dB (-31 to -21 dB) and can add up to 6 dB of boost for low levels and
attenuate high levels. The setting is used to quiet load shouting and amplifier whispers. See Dolby Encoding
guidelines for additional information.
iii)
to 6 dB of boost for low levels and attenuate high levels.
iv) suitable for program content that is mainly made up of music where the sound level is to
be normalized (reducing the loudness) to be consistent with other programs. It has a null bandwidth of 10 dB
(-31 to-21 dB) and can add up to 12 dB of boost for low levels and attenuate high levels. See Dolby Encoding
guidelines for additional information.
v) similar to “Music Standard” but with a null bandwidth of 20 dB (-41 to -21 dB) and can add
up to 12 dB of boost for low levels and attenuate high levels.
vi)suitable for program content that is mainly made up of speech only and has a null bandwidth of
10 dB (-31 to -21 dB) for average speech and can add up to 15 dB of boost for low levels and attenuate high
levels. The setting is used to quiet load shouting and amplifier whispers. See Dolby Encoding guidelines for
additional information.
allows the user to select the location in the HD-SDI stream where the audio track resides. The default
location is “0” which is typically used for the left stereo channel. The range setting is 0 to 15.
allows the user to select the location in the HD-SDI stream that the audio track resides. The default
location is “1” which is typically used for the right stereo channel. The range setting is 0 to 15.
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In the section entitled under the green header, the user can select the programs to be included in each
to be added; for example,
details).
Input Programs 1-4 can be assigned to only one TS at a time. The software will not allow a program
to be selected twice. To move a program from one TS to another, first select the program under the Output
section (orange header) and then select the “Remove” button. Now under the Input section (green header)
Once the selection of programs is completed, select the "Add" button. This will add the selected programs to
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In the section entitled under an orange header, the user can view the list of the programs that are present in
TS# - IP/QAM/ASI
assigned to a TS i.e IP, QAM or ASI.
The fields under the under grey header, displays the list of the programs and the corresponding
total bitrate present in each TS.
The user can remove any of the programs from the current list by selecting it and clicking the "Remove" button.
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