Campbell Gps16x-hvs User manual

GPS16X-HVS GPS Receiver

Revision: 7/10

Campbell Scientific, Inc.

Warranty and Assistance

The GPS16X-HVS GPS RECEIVER is warranted by Campbell Scientific,

Inc. to be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use

and service for twelve (12) months from date of shipment unless specified

otherwise. Batteries have no warranty. Campbell Scientific, Inc.'s obligation

under this warranty is limited to repairing or replacing (at Campbell Scientific,

Inc.'s option) defective products. The customer shall assume all costs of

removing, reinstalling, and shipping defective products to Campbell Scientific,

Inc. Campbell Scientific, Inc. will return such products by surface carrier

prepaid. This warranty shall not apply to any Campbell Scientific, Inc.

products which have been subjected to modification, misuse, neglect, accidents

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expressed or implied, including warranties of merchantability or fitness for a

particular purpose. Campbell Scientific, Inc. is not liable for special, indirect,

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GPS16X-HVS GPS Receiver

Table of Contents

PDF viewers note: These page numbers refer to the printed version of this document. Use

the Adobe Acrobat® bookmarks tab for links to specific sections.

1. Overview.......................................................................1

2. Specifications ..............................................................2

2.1 Replacement Parts ....................................................................................2

2.2 Specifications............................................................................................2

3. Wiring............................................................................ 4

4. GPS Data ......................................................................5

4.1 $GPGGA Sentence (Position and Time) ..................................................5

4.2 $GPRMC Sentence (Position and Time) ..................................................6

5. CRBasic Programming................................................ 7

5.1 GPS Instruction.........................................................................................7

5.2 Example Program Using GPS Instruction ................................................8

5.3 Example Program Using Serial Instruction ............................................10

6. Troubleshooting ........................................................12

6.1 GPS Setup and Function.........................................................................12

Appendices

A. Changing GPS16X-HVS Settings ........................... A-1

A.1 Computer Connections ....................................................................... A-1

A.2 NMEA Commands for System Setup ................................................. A-2

B. CR23X Wiring and Programming........................... B-1

B.1 CR23X Connections ................................................................................1

B.2 Programming............................................................................................1

B.2.1 Program Execution Interval............................................................1

B.2.2 Reading GPS Data..........................................................................2

B.2.2.1 CR23X Example of Instruction 15 (P15) .............................3

B.2.3 Filters..............................................................................................3

B.2.4 Managing the Data .........................................................................3

GPS16X-HVS GPS Receiver Table of Content

B.2.5 Program Discussion....................................................................... 4

B.2.5.1 CR23X Example Program ................................................... 6

B.3 Troubleshooting ...................................................................................... 9

C. Using an SDM-SIO4................................................. C-1

C.1 SDM-SIO4 Connections ..................................................................... C-1

C.2 CR9000X Example Program............................................................... C-1

Figures

1. The GPS16X-HVS terminates in pigtails for direct connection to our

dataloggers....................................................................................... 1

2. CR1000 to GPS16X-HVS Connection ...................................................... 4

Tables

3-1. Datalogger Wiring .................................................................................. 4

4-1. NMEA $GPGGA String Definition........................................................ 5

A-1. SC110’s DCE Cable Wiring.............................................................. A-1

A-2. PGRMC Setup Sentence

$PGRMC,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14*hhCRLF ................. A-2

A-3. PGRMO Output Sentence Enable/Disable $PGRMO,1,2,*hhCRLF ..... A-3

A-4. Supported NMEA 0183 Sentences Order and Size ........................... A-3

A-5. $GPGGA Global Positioning System Fix Data

$GPGGA,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,M,10,M,11,12*hhCRLF................... A-4

B-1. CR23X Wiring ................................................................................... B-1

B-2. P15 for NMEA $GPGGA Data String............................................... B-2

B-3. Filter................................................................................................... B-3

C-1. SC110’s Cable Wiring ....................................................................... C-1

GPS16X-HVS GPS Receiver

FIGURE 1. The GPS16X-HVS terminates in pigtails for direct

connection to our dataloggers.

1. Overview

The GPS16X-HVS is a complete GPS receiver manufactured by Garmin

International, Inc. Campbell Scientific configures the GPS16X-HVS to work

with our dataloggers and modifies its cable so that the cable terminates in

pigtails. The pigtails connect directly to the control ports of all dataloggers.

The CR1000, CR3000, CR800, and CR850 dataloggers use the GPS and serial

instructions to read, parse and store GPS data. Although wiring and

programming are more complicated, the CR23X, CR5000, and CR9000(X)

dataloggers can be used with the GPS16X-HVS. The CR10(X), CR500,

CR510, and CR200(X)-series dataloggers are not compatible with the

GPS16X-HVS. Information regarding the CR23X, CR5000, and CR9000(X)

dataloggers is included in Appendix B and C.

The GPS16X-HVS includes the GPS receiver and antenna in the same housing

with one cable for the power supply and communications. The GPS antenna

must have a clear view of the sky. Generally the GPS antenna will not work

indoors.

The GPS16X-HVS is a 12-channel GPS receiver that supports FAA Wide

Area Augmentation System (WAAS) or RTCM differential GPS. Also

supported is the 1 Pulse Per Second (PPS) timing signal. The cable

connections provided with the GPS16X-HVS do not support differential GPS

correction. The cable can be modified by the user if differential correction is

required.

To use newer PPS functionality, the datalogger needs to have a

newer clock chip. Dataloggers with newer chips are: CR1000M

Modules with serial numbers ≥20409; CR800/CR850s with

serial numbers ≥7920; CR3000s with serial numbers ≥3168.

NOTE

GPS16X-HVS GPS Receiver

2. Specifications

2.1 Replacement Parts

CSI part number Description

17212 GPS16X-HVS magnetic mount

2.2 Specifications

Physical

Color: Black with white logos

Size: 3.39” (86 mm) diameter, 1.65” (42 mm) high

Weight: 6.4 oz. (181 g) without cable, 11.7 oz. (332 g) with 5 meter

cable

Cable: Black PVC-jacketed, 5 meter, foil-shielded, 8-conductor, 28

AWG

Electrical Characteristics

Input Voltage: 8.0 Vdc to 40 Vdc unregulated

Current: 65 mA @ 12 Vdc

GPS Receiver

Sensitivity: -185 dbW minimum

GPS Performance

Receiver

WAAS Enabled; 12 parallel channel GPS receiver continuously tracks and

uses up to 12 satellites, 11 if PPS is active

Acquisition Times (Approximate)

Reacquisition: Less than 2 seconds

Warm: 1 second (all data known)

Cold: 45 Seconds (initial position, time and almanac known,

ephemeris unknown

SkySearch: 5 minutes (no data known)

Sentence Rate: 1 second default; NMEA 0183 output interval configurable

from 1 to 900 seconds in one second increments

Accuracy: GPS Standard Positioning Service (SPS)

Position: Less than 15 meters, 95% typical (100 meters with Selective

Availability on)

Velocity: 0.1 knot RMS steady state

GPS16X-HVS GPS Receiver

DGPS (USCG/RTCM)

Position: 3-5 meters, 95% typical

Velocity: 0.1 knot RMS steady state

DGPS (WAAS)

Position: Less than 3 meters

Velocity: 0.1 knot RMS steady state

PPS Time: ±1 microsecond at rising edge of PPS pulse (subject to

Selective Availability)

Dynamics: 999 knots velocity (limited above 60,000 feet, 6g dynamics)

Interfaces

True RS-232 output, asynchronous serial input compatible with RS-232 or

TTL voltage levels, RS-232 polarity. Selectable baud rates (4800, 9600,

19200, 38400)

Port 1

NMEA 0183 version 2.00 and 3.00

NMEA output sentences GPALM, GPGGA, GPGLL, GPGSA, GPGSV,

GPRMC, GPVTG; Garmin proprietary sentences PGRMB, PGRME, PGRMF,

PGRMM, PGRMT, PGRMV

NMEA 0183 Output:

Position, velocity and time

Receiver and satellite status

Differential Reference Station ID and RTCM Data age

Geometry and error estimates

NMEA 0183 Inputs:

Initial position, data and time (not required)

Earth datum and differential mode configuration command, PPS Enable, GPS

satellite almanac

Configurable for binary data output including GPS carrier phase data

Port 2

Real Time Differential Correction input (RTCM SC-104 messages types 1, 3,

3, 7 and 9), no output

PPS

1 Hz pulse, programmable width, 1 microsecond accuracy

Power Control

Off: Open circuit

On: Ground or pull to low logic level < 0.3 volts

Environmental Characteristics

Temperature: -30°C to +80°C operational, -40°C to +80°C storage

GPS16X-HVS GPS Receiver

3. Wiring

The GPS16X-HVS connects directly to a CR800, CR850, CR1000, or CR3000

datalogger (see Figure 2 and Table 3-1). Refer to Appendix B.1 if connecting

the receiver to a CR23X. Our CR5000 and CR9000X connect to the receiver

via the SC110 and an SDM-SIO4 (see Appendix C).

If the GPS16X-HVS is to be connected to a computer to change the default

settings, an SC110 cable is needed (see Appendix A).

TABLE 3-1. Datalogger Wiring

GPS16X-HVS Datalogger Function

Red 12V Power In

Black Ground Power Ground

Yellow Ground Power Switch

White Control Port (RX) TXD

Gray Control Port (TX) PPS

Blue Ground in operation

Send data to receiver for

configuration

Rxdata

Shield Ground Shield

FIGURE 2. CR1000 to GPS16X-HVS Connection

GPS16X-HVS GPS Receiver

4. GPS Data

The GPS16X-HVS has several data formats available. The GPS16X-HVS is

configured to output the NMEA $GPGGA and $GPRMC time and position

string. It is possible to configure the GPS16X-HVS to output other NMEA

strings including the $GPVTG track made good and ground speed string. See

Appendix A for details.

4.1 $GPGGA Sentence (Position and Time)

Sample NMEA $GPGGA data string:

$GPGGA,hhmmss,llll.lll,a,nnnnn.nnn,b,t,uu,v.v,w.w,M,x.x,M,y.y,zzzz*hh<CR><LF>

TABLE 4-1. NMEA $GPGGA String Definition

Field Description

0 $GPGGA NMEA string identifier

1 hhmmss UTC of Position: Hours, minutes, seconds

2 1111.111 Latitude: Degrees, minutes, thousandths of minutes

3 a N (North) or S (South)

4 nnnnn.nnn Longitude: Degrees, minutes, thousandths of minutes

5 b E (East) or W (West)

6 t GPS Quality Indicator: 0 = No GPS, 1 = GPS, 2 =

DGPS

7 uu Number of Satellites in Use

8 v.v Horizontal Dilution of Precision (HDOP)

9 w.w Antenna Altitude in Meters

10 M M = Meters

11 x.x Geoidal Separation in Meters

12 M M = Meters. Geoidal separation is the difference

between the WGS-84 earth ellipsoid and mean-sea-

level.

13 y.y Age of Differential GPS Data. Time in seconds since

the last Type 1 or 9 Update

14 zzzz Differential Reference Station ID (0000 to 1023)

15 * Asterisk, generally used as the termination character

16 hh Checksum

17 <CR><LF> Carriage return, line feed characters.

GPS16X-HVS GPS Receiver

Sample $GPGGA output strings:

Cold Start

No satellites acquired, Real Time Clock and Almanac invalid:

$GPGGA,,,,,,0,00,,,,,,,*66

Warm Start

No satellites acquired, time from Real Time Clock, almanac valid:

$GPGGA,235032.0,,,,,0,00,,,,,,,*7D

Warm Start

One satellite in use, time from GPS Real Time Clock (not GPS), no position:

$GPGGA,183806.0,,,,,0,01,,,,,,,*7D

Valid GPS Fix

Three satellites acquired, time and position valid:

$GPGGA,005322.0,4147.603,N,11150.978,W,1,03,11.9,00016,M,-

016,M,,*6E

If the almanac and ephemeris data are not stored in the non-volatile data, GPS

acquisition time is less than 5 minutes. If only the ephemeris data are

unknown, acquisition time is less than 45 seconds. If all data are known

(warm start), GPS acquisition time is less than 15 seconds.

4.2 $GPRMC Sentence (Position and Time)

Example (signal not acquired):

$GPRMC,235947.000,V,0000.0000,N,00000.0000,E,,,041299,,*1D

Example (signal acquired):

$GPRMC,092204.999,A,4250.5589,S,14718.5084,E,0.00,89.68,211200,,*25

Field Example Comments

Sentence ID $GPRMC

UTC Time 092204.999 hhmmss.sss

Status A A = Valid, V = Invalid

Latitude 4250.5589 ddmm.mmmm

N/S Indicator S N = North, S = South

Longitude 14718.5084 dddmm.mmmm

E/W Indicator E E = East, W = West

Speed over ground 0.00 Knots

Course over ground 0.00 Degrees

UTC Date 211200 DDMMYY

Magnetic variation Degrees

Magnetic variation E = East, W = West

Checksum *25

Terminator CR/LF

GPS16X-HVS GPS Receiver

5. CRBasic Programming

This section describes programming a CR800, CR850, CR1000, or CR3000.

See Appendix B and C for programming other dataloggers.

CRBasic is used to write programs for the CR1000, CR3000, CR800, and

CR850 dataloggers. These dataloggers use several instructions to read GPS

output, which is asynchronous serial data. As shipped from Campbell

Scientific, the GPS receiver will output data once a second, 38400 baud, 8 data

bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit. Only the GPGGA string is output. See Section

3 for details on the GPGGA string. See Appendix A for specifics on changing

the GPS receiver configuration, including using different baud rates.

5.1 GPS Instruction

The GPS instruction is available for our CR800, CR850, CR1000, and CR3000

dataloggers. It is used along with a GPS device to set the datalogger's clock.

This instruction will also provide information such as location

(latitude/longitude) and speed, and store NMEA sentences from the GPS

device.

To use the GPS instruction, the datalogger operating system

(OS) should be OS17 or higher for the CR1000; OS10 or higher

for the CR3000; or OS08 or higher for the CR800 and CR850.

Go to www.campbellsci.com/downloads to upgrade the

datalogger OS.

NOTE

The resolution of accuracy for the clock set is 10 microseconds if the

datalogger has a hardware revision number greater than 007 (RevBoard field in

the datalogger's Status table). Otherwise, resolution is 10 milliseconds. The

clock set relies on information from the GPRMC sentence. If this sentence is

not returned, a clock set will not occur.

The GPS instruction has the following syntax:

GPS ( GPSArray, ComPort, TimeOffset, MaxTimeDiff, NMEAStrings )

Description of the parameters follows:

GPSArray The GPSArray parameter is the variable in which to store the

information returned by the GPS. Fifteen values are returned.

If this array is not dimensioned to 15, values will be stored to

fill the array and no error will be returned. If no values are

available, NAN will be returned. The following values are

returned by the GPS:

Array(1) = Latitude, degrees

Array(2) = Latitude, minutes

Array(3) = Longitude, degrees

Array(4) = Longitude, minutes

Array(5) = Speed over ground, knots

Array(6) = Course over ground, degrees

GPS16X-HVS GPS Receiver

Array(7) = Magnetic variation (positive = East, negative =

West)

Array(8) = Fix Quality (0 = invalid, 1 = GPS, 2 = differential

GPS, 6 = estimated)

Array(9) = Number of Satellites

Array(10) = Altitude, meters

Array(11) = Pulse per second (PPS) length, microseconds

Array(12) = Seconds since last GPRMC sentence

Array(13) = GPS Ready, 10 = ready

Array(14) = Maximum clock change, milliseconds (10 msec

resolution)

Array(15) = Clock change count

ComPort The ComPort parameter is the control port pair to which the

GPS device is attached. Valid options are COM1 (C1/C2),

COM2 (C3/C4), COM3 (C5/C6), and COM4 (C7/C8). Rx is

used to read in the NMEA sentences and Tx is used to monitor

the PPS from the GPS. This instruction expects a baud rate of

38,400 bps.

TimeOffset The TimeOffset parameter is the local time offset, in seconds,

from UTC.

MaxTimeDiff The MaxTimeDiff parameter is the maximum difference in

time between the datalogger clock and the GPS clock that will

be tolerated before the clock is changed. If a negative value is

entered, the clock will not be changed.

NMEAStrings The NMEAStrings parameter is the string array that holds the

NMEA sentences. If it exists, the GPRMC sentence will reside

in NMEAStrings(1), and the GPGGA sentence will reside in

NMEAStrings(2). Any other sentences will reside in

subsequent indexes into the array (on a first-in basis). Once an

index in the array is used to store a particular sentence, that

sentence will always be stored in that location when updates to

the sentence are received.

5.2 Example Program Using GPS Instruction

The following wiring and short program provide an example of using the GPS

instruction with the Garmin GPS16X-HVS.

'Program the GPS16X-HVS to use 38.4 kbaud, no parity, 8 data bits, and 1 stop bit

'*** Wiring ***

'C7 GPS16X-HVS pulse per second (gray)

'C8 GPS16X-HVS RS-232 TxD (white)

'G GPS16X-HVS power control (yellow)

'12V GPS16X-HVS power (red)

'G GPS16X-HVS power and RS-232 signal reference (black)

‘G Ground (blue)

‘G Shield (shield)

GPS16X-HVS GPS Receiver

PipeLineMode

Const LOCAL_TIME_OFFSET = -6 'Local time offset relative to UTC time

Dim nmea_sentence(2) As String * 90

Public gps_data(15)

Alias gps_data(1) = latitude_a 'Degrees latitude (+ = East; - = West)

Alias gps_data(2) = latitude_b 'Minutes latitude

Alias gps_data(3) = longitude_a 'Degress longitude (+ = East; - = West)

Alias gps_data(4) = longitude_b 'Minutes longitude

Alias gps_data(5) = speed 'Speed

Alias gps_data(6) = course 'Course over ground

Alias gps_data(7) = magnetic_variation 'Magnetic variation from true north (+ = East; - = West)

Alias gps_data(8) = fix_quality 'GPS fix quality: 0 = invalid, 1 = GPS, 2 =

'differential GPS, 6 = estimated

Alias gps_data(9) = nmbr_satellites 'Number of satellites used for fix

Alias gps_data(10) = altitude 'Antenna altitude

Alias gps_data(11) = pps 'Elapsed ms since last pulse per second (PPS) from GPS

Alias gps_data(12) = dt_since_gprmc 'Time since last GPRMC string, normally less than

'1 second

Alias gps_data(13) = gps_ready 'Counts from 0 to 10, 10 = ready

Alias gps_data(14) = max_clock_change 'Maximum value the clock was changed

Alias gps_data(15) = nmbr_clock_change 'Number of times the clock was changed

'Define Units to be used in data file header

Units latitude_a = degrees

Units latitude_b = minutes

Units longitude_a = degrees

Units longitude_b = minutes

Units speed = m/s

Units course = degrees

Units magnetic_variation = unitless

Units fix_quality = unitless

Units nmbr_satellites = unitless

Units altitude = m

Units pps = ms

Units dt_since_gprmc = s

Units gps_ready = unitless

Units max_clock_change = ms

Units nmbr_clock_change = samples

BeginProg

Scan (1,Sec,0,0)

GPS (latitude_a,Com4,LOCAL_TIME_OFFSET*3600,0,nmea_sentence(1))

NextScan

EndProg

GPS16X-HVS GPS Receiver

5.3 Example Program Using Serial Instruction

Serial programming allows the retrieval of all values of GPRMC and GPGGA

values. The GPS instruction is a subset of the values that are available.

'CR1000 Series Datalogger

Public rawdata As String * 500

'rmc variables

Public rmcid As String

Public rmcutc As String

Public rmcstatus As String

Public rmclatitude As String

Public rmcin_s_ind As String

Public rmclongitude As String

Public rmce_w_indicator As String

Public rmcspeed As String

Public rmccourse As String

Public rmcutcdate As String

Public rmcmagvariation As String

Public rmcmage_w As String

Public rmcchecksum As String

'gga variables

Public ggaid As String

Public ggautc As String

Public ggailatitude As String

Public ggan_s_ind As String

Public ggalongitude As String

Public ggae_w_ind As String

Public ggapositionfix As String

Public gganumsatellites As String

Public ggahdop As String

Public ggaaltitude As String

Public ggaaltutudeunits As String

Public ggageoidsep As String

Public ggageoidunits As String

Public ggachecksum As String

DataTable (gpsdata,True,-1)

DataInterval (0,1,Sec,10)

Sample (1,rmcid,String)

Sample (1,rmcutc,String)

Sample (1,rmcstatus,String)

Sample (1,rmclatitude,String)

Sample (1,rmcin_s_ind,String)

Sample (1,rmclongitude,String)

Sample (1,rmcspeed,String)

Sample (1,rmccourse,String)

Sample (1,rmcutcdate,String)

Sample (1,rmcmagvariation,String)

Sample (1,rmcmage_w,String)

Sample (1,rmcchecksum,String)

Sample (1,ggaid,String)

Sample (1,ggautc,String)

Sample (1,ggan_s_ind,String)

GPS16X-HVS GPS Receiver

Sample (1,ggalongitude,String)

Sample (1,ggae_w_ind,String)

Sample (1,ggapositionfix,String)

Sample (1,gganumsatellites,String)

Sample (1,ggahdop,String)

Sample (1,ggaaltitude,String)

Sample (1,ggaaltutudeunits,String)

Sample (1,ggageoidsep,String)

Sample (1,ggageoidunits,String)

Sample (1,ggachecksum,String)

EndTable

'Main Program

BeginProg

Scan (1,Sec,0,0)

SerialOpen (Com4,38400,0,0,500)

SerialInBlock (Com4,rawdata,500)

'parse rmc data

rmcid=Mid (rawdata,1,6)

rmcutc=Mid (rawdata,8,6)

rmcstatus=Mid (rawdata,15,1)

rmclatitude=Mid (rawdata,17,9)

rmcin_s_ind =Mid (rawdata,27,1)

rmclongitude=Mid (rawdata,29,10)

rmce_w_indicator=Mid (rawdata,40,1)

rmcspeed=Mid (rawdata,42,5)

rmccourse=Mid (rawdata,48,5)

rmcutcdate=Mid (rawdata,54,6)

rmcmagvariation=Mid (rawdata,61,5)

rmcmage_w =Mid (rawdata,67,1)

rmcchecksum=Mid (rawdata,68,3)

'parse gga data

ggaid=Mid (rawdata,73,6)

ggautc=Mid (rawdata,80,6)

ggailatitude=Mid (rawdata,87,9)

ggan_s_ind=Mid (rawdata,97,1)

ggalongitude=Mid (rawdata,99,10)

ggae_w_ind=Mid (rawdata,110,1)

ggapositionfix=Mid (rawdata,112,1)

gganumsatellites=Mid (rawdata,114,2)

ggahdop=Mid (rawdata,117,3)

ggaaltitude=Mid (rawdata,121,6)

ggaaltutudeunits=Mid (rawdata,128,1)

ggageoidsep=Mid (rawdata,130,5)

ggageoidunits=Mid (rawdata,136,1)

ggachecksum=Mid (rawdata,139,3)

CallTable gpsdata

NextScan

EndProg

GPS16X-HVS GPS Receiver

6. Troubleshooting

Testing and evaluation of serial communications is best done by reducing the

whole system to small manageable systems. Usually some portions of the

whole system are working. The first steps involve finding what is working.

During this process you may find parts of the system that are not working or

mistakes that can be easily corrected. Fix each subsystem before testing

others.

6.1 GPS Setup and Function

Test the GPS16X-HVS for proper operation including the baud rate and output

string. Use a computer, terminal emulator software, a serial port (RS-232), and

a 9-pin to pigtail cable (SC110/sockets). The computer and serial port can be

the same as used to communicate with the datalogger. Terminal emulation

software is common. Hyperterm is supplied as part of Windows ™ and works.

Procomm ™ is another communication software package that works well.

Set up the software for the correct serial port, 38.4 kb baud, 8 data bits, 1 stop

bit and no parity. Flow control should be none. Using the SC110 cable,

connect the GPS16X-HVS to the computer serial port. Power up the GPS16X-

HVS. The GPS antenna should have a clear view of the sky. Don’t expect the

GPS antenna to work indoors. The $GPGGA and GPRMC strings should be

displayed once a second. Make sure the $GPGGA string is showing a valid

GPS fix. A valid GPS fix will display time, position and have a GPS quality

number greater than zero.

SC110 Cable Connections

GPS16X Receiver SC110/Sockets or DB9/Sockets to Pigtails

White Pin 2

Black and Yellow Pin 5

Appendix A. Changing GPS16X-HVS

Settings

As configured by Campbell Scientific, the GPS16X-HVS will output the

NMEA 0183 $GPGGA and $GPRMC data strings once a second, the PPS

signal is enabled with a duration of 80 milliseconds and the baud rate is set to

38,400 baud.

Special software (SNRSRCFG.EXE) is available from Garmin International

for system setup. The GPS16X-HVS user manual available from Garmin

International provides technical details beyond the scope of the Campbell

Scientific user manual.

Settings used by Campbell Scientific for GPS16X-HVS setup:

GPS Base Model = GPS 16(X)

Fix Mode = Automatic

Baud Rate = 38,400

Dead Reckon Time = 30 sec

NMEA output time = 1 sec

Position pinning = off

NMEA 2.30 mode = off

Power Save Mode = off (Normal mode)

PPS mode = 1 Hz

PPS Length = 80 mS

Phaze output Data = off

DGPS Mode = WAAS only

Differential mode = Automatic

Earth Datum Index = NGS 84

Selected Sentences = GPGGA and GPRMC

Common changes would be baud rate and selected sentences. The NMEA 0183

GPVTG data sentence gives ground speed and direction, which may be

required for some applications. Changes can be made with the Garmin

software, or with a terminal emulator and the Garmin technical user manual.

Contact Garmin International (www.garmin.com) for either resource.

A.1 Computer Connections

An SC110 cable with sockets is required to connect the GPS16S-HVS to a

computer. The SC110 consists of two cables—each has a 2-foot (0.6 m)

length. Use the cable that has a 9-pin female connector (DCE).

A-1

Appendix A. Changing GPS16X-HVS Settings

TABLE A-1. SC110’s DCE Cable Wiring

Wire Color of

SC110’s DCE Cable

Wire Color of

GPS16X-HVS

Power

Supply

Brown Blue N/A

White White N/A

Yellow Shield N/A

N/A Red +12 V

N/A Black Ground

N/A Yellow Ground

A.2 NMEA Commands for System Setup

Received NMEA strings are commands to the GPS16X-HVS which change

some operating parameter. Null fields in the configuration sentence indicate no

change. All sentences are terminated with the carriage return and line feed

characters (CRLF). The CRLF can occur anywhere in the string. The *hh

indicates a checksum which is not required.

TABLE A-2. PGRMC Setup Sentence

$PGRMC,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14*hhCRLF

1 Fix mode, A = Automatic, 2 = 2D, 3 = 3D

2 Altitude above or below sea level

3 Earth Datum

4 User Earth datum semi-major axis

5 User Earth datum inverse flattening factor

6 User Earth datum delta x earth centered coordinate

7 User Earth datum delta y earth centered coordinate

8 User Earth datum delta z earth centered coordinate

9 differential mode, A = automatic, D = differential only

10 NMEA 0183 baud rate, 3=4800, 4=9600, 5=19200, 8=38400

11 Velocity filter, 0 = no filter, 1 = Automatic filter, 2-255 = filter

time constant

12 PPS mode, 1 = no pps, 2 = 1 Hz

13 PPS pulse length, 0-48 = (n+1)*20 ms. Example: n=4 corresponds

to a 100 ms wide pulse width

14 Dead reckoning valid time (1-30 seconds)

PGRMC Notes: All configuration changes take effect after receipt of a valid

value except baud rate and PPS mode, which take effect on the next power

cycle or an external reset event.

A-2

Appendix A. Changing GPS16X-HVS Settings

TABLE A-3. PGRMO Output Sentence Enable/Disable

$PGRMO,1,2,*hhCRLF

1 Target Sentence description (e.g., GPVTG)

2 Target Sentence Mode, where:

0 = disable specified sentence

1 = enable specified sentence

2 = disable all output sentence (except PSLIB)

3 = enable all output sentences (except GPALM)

4 = restore factory default output sentences

PGRMO Notes:

1. If the target sentence mode is 2 (disable all) , 3 (enable all) or 4 (restore

defaults), the target sentence description is not checked for validity. In this

case, an empty field is allowed (e.g., $PGRMO,,3), or the mode field may

contain from 1 to 5 characters.

2. If the target sentence mode is 0 (disable) or 1 (enable), the target sentence

description field must be an identifier for one of the sentences that can be

output by the GPS sensor.

3. If either the target sentence mode field or the target sentence description

field is not valid, the PGRMO sentence will have no effect.

4. $PGRMO,GPALM,1 will cause the GPS sensor to transmit all stored

almanac information. All other NMEA 0183 sentence transmission will be

temporarily suspended.

5. $PGRMO,,G will cause the COM 1 port to change to GARMIN data

Transfer format for the duration of the power cycle. The GARMIN mode

is required for GPS 16/17 series product software updates.

TABLE A-4. Supported NMEA 0183 Sentences

Order and Size

Sentence Default Output Maximum Characters

GPRMC Yes 74

GPGGA Yes 82

GPGSA Yes 66

GPGSV Yes 70

PGRME Yes 35

GPGLL No 44

GPVTG No 42

PGRMV No 32

PGRMF No 82

PGRMB Yes 40

PBRMM Yes 32

PGRMT Once per minute 50

A-3

Appendix A. Changing GPS16X-HVS Settings

A-4

In Table A-4 default Output indicates NMEA sentences that are GPS16X-HVS

defaults. CSI turns off all output except the GPGGA sentence. The time

required to output a NMEA sentence can be determined by multiplying the

maximum number of characters by 10 then dividing the result by the baud rate.

Selected sentences will be transmitted at a periodic rate based on the selected

baud rate and the selected output sentences. The sentences will be output

contiguously. Regardless of the baud rate, the sentences are reference to the

PPS signal immediately preceding the GPRMC sentence, or whichever

sentence is output first.

TABLE A-5. $GPGGA Global Positioning System Fix Data

$GPGGA,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,M,10,M,11,12*hhCRLF

<1> UTC time of position fix, hhmmss format

<2> Latitude, ddmm.mmmm format (leading zeros will be transmitted)

(5 digits of precision on GPS 16A)

<3> Latitude hemisphere, N or S

<4> Longitude, ddmm.mmmm format (leading zeros will be

transmitted) (5 digits of precision on GPS 16A)

<5> Longitude hemisphere, E or W

<6> GPS quality indication, 0 = fix not available, 1 = Non-differential

GPS fix available, 2 = Differential GPS (DGPS) fix available, 6 =

Estimated

<7> Number of satellites in use, 00 to 12 (leading zeros will be

transmitted)

<8> Horizontal dilution of precision, 0.5 to 99.9

<9> Antenna height above/below mean sea level, -9999.9 to 99999.9

meters

<10> Geoidal height, -999.9 to 9999.9 meters

<11> Differential GPS (RTCM SC-104) data age, number of seconds

since last valid RTCM transmission (null if not an RTCM DGPS

fix)

<12> Differential Reference Station ID, 0000 to 1023 (leading zeros will

be transmitted, null if not an RTCM DGPS fix)

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