Ensemble Designs BrightEye 33 User manual

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Analog Audio Distribution Amplifier User Guide
TM
BrightEye 33
TM
BrightEye 33
Analog Audio
Distribution Amplier
Revision 1.0
This user guide provides detailed information for using the BrightEye 33 Analog Audio Distribution
Amplifier.
The information is organized into the following sections:
 •ProductOverview
 •RearConnectors
 •Operation
 •FrontPanelControlsandIndicators
 •WarrantyandFactoryService
 •Specications
 •Glossary

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Analog Audio Distribution Amplifier User Guide
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BrightEye 33
Contents
PRODUCT OVERVIEW 3
REAR CONNECTORS 4
Power Connection 4
Analog Audio Input 4
Analog Audio Outputs 4
For Unbalanced Audio to a RCA Phono Input 5
OPERATION 5
Front Panel Controls 5
Gain 5
Front Panel Indicators 5
Pwr (Power) 5
WARRANTY AND FACTORY SERVICE 6
Warranty 6
Factory Service 6
SPECIFICATIONS 7
BRIGHTEYE POWER SUPPLY INFORMATION 8
GLOSSARY 9

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Analog Audio Distribution Amplifier User Guide
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BrightEye 33
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
BrightEye 33 is a high performance audio distribution amplifier for the broadcast and recording
industry. Exceptional performance features include excellent response, noise and distortion
specifications. BrightEye 33 functions with either 8 mono outputs or 4 stereo outputs.
Gainadjustmentsareaccessedfromthefrontpanel.ThisisasimpledevicewithnoUSBportandno
interfacetoBrightEyeMacorPCsoftware.
A glossary of commonly used video terms is provided at the end of this guide.

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BrightEye 33
REAR CONNECTORS
AllconnectionstotheBrightEye33aremadeontherearoftheunit.Refertotheillustrationbelow.
BrightEye 33 Rear Connectors
Power Connection
Connectamodularpowersupplytothe12voltDCpowerinputconnectiononthefarleftoftheunit.
Usethelockingringtosecureit.
Analog Audio Input
This 6-pin Phoenix connector provides two channels of analog audio input. This connector is fitted
withapluggableterminalblockthatacceptsbarewireleads.Wirescanbeinsertedintothesmall
roundholes.Striptheaudiowiretoabout3/8”(8mm).Soldertinningisnotrequired.Toremovethe
wire, push in the pin above the connection with a small pointed tool. This will release the wire from the
connector.
FollowthelegendtoconnecttheGround(G),Positive(+),andNegative(-)connectionsforeachsignal.
Ch1correspondstotheleftchannelinastereosystem,andCh2correspondstotherightchannel.
Analog Audio Outputs
ThefourAnalogAudioOutputsprovide8MonoOutputsor4StereoOutputsofAnalogAudio.
EachAudioOutconnectorprovidestwochannelsofbalancedanalogaudio(1pair).Theseconnectors
areeachttedwithapluggableterminalblockthatacceptsbarewireleads.Wirescanbeinsertedinto
thesmallroundholes.Striptheaudiowiretoabout3/8”(8mm).Soldertinningisnotrequired.To
remove the wire, push in the pin above the connection with a small pointed tool. This will release the
wire from the connector.
FollowthelegendtoconnecttheGround(G),Positive(+),andNegative(-)connectionsforeachsignal.
Ch1correspondstotheleftchannelinastereosystem,andCh2correspondstotherightchannel.
Ifconnectingtoanunbalanced(single-ended)destination,suchasaconsumerspeakeramplier,with
shieldedcoaxialstyleaudiocable,connectthecenterconductortothePositive(+)terminal.Then
connecttheouterconductortoboththeGround(G)andNegative(-)terminals.

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BrightEye 33
OPERATION
Monitoring of the BrightEye 33 is performed from the front panel as illustrated in the figure below.
ThisisasimpledevicewithnointerfacetotheBrightEyeControlapplication.Therearenoadjustments
requiredforthisunit.
BrightEye 33 Front Panel
Front Panel Controls
Gain
ThegaincanbeadjustedfromthefrontpanelforChannel1orChannel2.Toadjustgain,insertasmall
toolintotherecessedpotentiometerandrotateclockwisetoincreasegainorcounterclockwiseto
decrease gain.
Front Panel Indicators
The front panel of the BrightEye 33, shown in the figure above, provides the following status indicator.
Pwr (Power)
Illuminatesgreenwhenpowerisappliedtotheunitandtheinternalvoltageregulatorisfunctioning
correctly.
For Unbalanced Audio to a RCA Phono Input
ToconnecttheaudiooutputtoaconsumeraudioconnectorsuchasanRCAphonojack,connectthe
pins as follows:
• AttachGroundfromPin1oftheAudioOuttotheshell,ShieldorGroundoftheRCAPhono
jack.
• Attachthe+(plus)signalfromPin2oftheAudioOuttothecenterpinoftheRCAPhonojack.
• The–(minus)signalisnotusedinthisapplication.

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BrightEye 33
WARRANTY AND FACTORY SERVICE
Warranty
Thisproductiscoveredbyaveyearlimitedwarranty.Ifyourequireservice(underwarrantyornot),
pleasecontactEnsembleDesignsandaskforcustomerservicebeforeyoureturnthisproduct.This
will allow the service technician to provide any other suggestions for identifying the problem and
recommend possible solutions.
Factory Service
Ifyoureturnequipmentforrepair,pleasegetaReturnMaterialAuthorizationNumber(RMA)fromthe
factory first.
Shiptheproductandawrittendescriptionoftheproblemto:
EnsembleDesigns,Inc.
Attention:CustomerServiceRMA#####
870GoldFlatRd.
NevadaCity,CA.95959USA
(530)478-1830
Fax:(530)478-1832
ser[email protected]om
http://www.ensembledesigns.com
BesuretoputyourRMAnumberontheoutsideofthebox.

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BrightEye 33
SPECIFICATIONS
Analog Audio Inputs
Number   Two
Type Balanced
Impedance   >15KΩ
MaximumInputLevel 24dBu
CMRR    >60dB,20Hzto10KHz
Analog Audio Outputs
Number   Fourstereooreightmono
Type Balanced, transformerless
Impedance   30Ω
MaximumOutputLevel 24dBu
Performance
GainRange   ±6dB
FrequencyResponse  <±0.1dB,20Hzto20KHz
Isolation   >100dB
S/NRatio   >100dB,unweighted
General Specifications
Size    5.625”Wx0.8”Hx5.5”D(143mmx20mmx140mm)
including connectors
Power 12 volts, 4 watts
    (100-230VACmodularpowersupplynotincluded)
TemperatureRange  0to40°Cambient
RelativeHumidity  0to95°noncondensing
Altitude 0 to 10,000 feet
Duetoongoingproductdevelopment,allspecicationsaresubjecttochange.

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BrightEye 33
BRIGHTEYE POWER SUPPLY INFORMATION
Below is a list of power supplies and optional items that may have come with your BrightEye:
BEPS  BrightEyeIndividualPowerSupply.
BEPS6  SpiderPowerSupply.Thispowers6singlehighBrightEyesor3doublehighBrightEyes.
BEPS6-RP RedundantPowerSupplyforSpider.
BERKMT BrightEyeRackMount.Thisholds6singlehighBrightEyesor3doublehighBrightEyes,
or a combination.
BEBP  BrightEyeBlankPanel.Singlehigh,foremptyslotsinRackMount.
BEAC  AnalogAudioBreakoutCable.

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BrightEye 33
GLOSSARY
This is a brief glossary of commonly used terms associated with this product.
AES/EBU
ThedigitalaudiostandarddenedasajointeortoftheAudioEngineeringSocietyandtheEuropean
BroadcastUnion.AES/EBUorAES3describesaserialbitstreamthatcarriestwoaudiochannels,
thusanAESstreamisastereopair.TheAES/EBUstandardcoversawiderangeofsampleratesand
quantizations(bitdepths.)Intelevisionsystems,thesewillgenerallybe48kHzandeither20or24bits.
Bandwidth
Strictlyspeaking,thisreferstotherangeoffrequencies(i.e.thewidthofthebandoffrequency)used
byasignal,orcarriedbyatransmissionchannel.Generally,widerbandwidthwillcarryandreproduce
a signal with greater fidelity and accuracy.
Beta
SonyBetaSPvideotapemachinesuseananalogcomponentformatthatissimilartoSMPTE,but
diersintheamplitudeofthecolordierencesignals.Itmayalsocarrysetupontheluminance
channel.
Blanking
TheHorizontalandVerticalblankingintervalsofatelevisionsignalrefertothetimeperiodsbetween
linesandbetweenelds.Nopictureinformationistransmittedduringthesetimes,whicharerequired
inCRTdisplaystoallowtheelectronbeamtoberepositionedforthestartofthenextlineoreld.
They are also used to carry synchronizing pulses which are used in transmission and recovery of the
image. Although some of these needs are disappearing, the intervals themselves are retained for
compatibility purposes. They have turned out to be very useful for the transmission of additional
content, such as teletext and embedded audio.
CAV
ComponentAnalogVideo.Thisisaconvenientshorthandform,butitissubjecttoconfusion.Itis
sometimesusedtomeanONLYcolordierencecomponentformats(SMPTEorBeta),andothertimes
toincludeRGBformat.Inanycase,aCAVsignalwillalwaysrequire3connectors–eitherY/R-Y/B-Y,or
R/G/B.
Checkfield
ACheckeldsignalisaspecialtestsignalthatstressesparticularaspectsofserialdigitaltransmission.
TheperformanceofthePhaseLocked-Loops(PLLs)inanSDIreceivermustbeabletotoleratelong
runsof0’sand1’s.Undernormalconditions,onlyveryshortrunsoftheseareproducedduetoa
scramblingalgorithmthatisused.TheCheckeld,alsoreferredtoasthePathologicaltestsignal,will
“undo”thescramblingandcauseextremelylongrunstooccur.Thistestsignalisveryusefulfortesting
transmission paths.

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BrightEye 33
Chroma
Thecolororchromacontentofasignal,consistingofthehueandsaturationoftheimage.Seealso
ColorDierence.
Component
Inacomponentvideosystem,thetotalityoftheimageiscarriedbythreeseparatebutrelated
components.Thismethodprovidesthebestimagedelitywiththefewestartifacts,butitrequires
threeindependenttransmissionpaths(cables).Thecommonlyusedcomponentformatsare
LuminanceandColorDierence(Y/Pr/Pb),andRGB.Itwasfartoounwieldyintheearlydaysofcolor
television to even consider component transmission.
Composite
Compositetelevisiondatesbacktotheearlydaysofcolortransmission.Thisschemeencodesthe
colordierenceinformationontoacolorsubcarrier.Theinstantaneousphaseofthesubcarrieristhe
color’s hue, and the amplitude is the color’s saturation or intensity. This subcarrier is then added onto
theexistingluminancevideosignal.Thistrickworksbecausethesubcarrierissetatahighenough
frequencytoleavespectrumfortheluminanceinformation.Butitisnotaseamlessmattertopull
the signal apart again at the destination in order to display it or process it. The resultant artifacts of
dotcrawl(alsoreferredtoaschromacrawl)areonlythemostobviousresult.Compositetelevisionis
themostcommonlyusedformatthroughouttheworld,eitherasPALorNTSC.Itisalsoreferredtoas
Encoded video.
Color Difference
ColorDierencesystemstakeadvantageofthedetailsofhumanvision.Wehavemoreacuityinour
blackandwhitevisionthanwedoincolor.Thismeansthatweneedonlytheluminanceinformationto
becarriedatfullbandwidth,wecanscrimponthecolorchannels.Inordertodothis,RGBinformation
isconvertedtocarryalloftheluminance(Yistheblackandwhiteofthescene)inasinglechannel.
Theothertwochannelsareusedtocarrythe“colordierence”.NotedasB-YandR-Y,thesetwosignals
describehowaparticularpixel“diers”frombeingpurelyblackandwhite.Thesechannelstypically
have only half the bandwidth of the luminance.
Decibel (dB)
The decibel is a unit of measure used to express the ratio in the amplitude or power of two signals. A
dierenceof20dBcorrespondstoa10:1ratiobetweentwosignals,6dBisapproximatelya2:1ration.
Decibels add while the ratios multiply, so 26 dB is a 20:1 ratio, and 14 dB is a 5:1 ratio. There are several
special cases of the dB scale, where the reference is implied. Thus, dBm refers to power relative to 1
milliwatt,anddBureferstovoltagerelativeto.775VRMS.TheoriginalunitofmeasurewastheBel(10
timesbigger),namedafterAlexanderGrahamBell.
dBFS
InDigitalAudiosystems,thelargestnumericalvaluethatcanberepresentedisreferredtoasFull
Scale.NovaluesoraudiolevelsgreaterthanFScanbereproducedbecausetheywouldbeclipped.
Thenominaloperatingpoint(roughlycorrespondingto0VU)mustbesetbelowFSinordertohave
headroomforaudiopeaks.ThisoperatingpointisdescribedrelativetoFS,soadigitalreferencelevel
of-20dBFShas20dBofheadroombeforehittingtheFSclippingpoint.

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EDH
ErrorDetectionandHandlingisamethodtoverifyproperreceptionofanSDIorHD-SDIsignalatthe
destination.TheoriginatingdeviceinsertsadatapacketintheverticalintervaloftheSDIsignaland
everylineoftheHDsignalwhichcontainsachecksumoftheentirevideoframe.Thischecksumis
formed by adding up the numerical values of all of the samples in the frame, using a complex formula.
At the destination this same formula is applied to the incoming video and the resulting value is
comparedtotheoneincludedinthetransmission.Iftheymatch,thenthecontenthasallarrivedwith
noerrors.Iftheydon’t,thenanerrorhasoccurred.
Embedded Audio
DigitalAudiocanbecarriedalonginthesamebitstreamasanSDIorHD-SDIsignalbytaking
advantage of the gaps in the transmission which correspond to the horizontal and vertical intervals
ofthetelevisionwaveform.Thistechniqueanbeverycosteectiveintransmissionandrouting,but
can also add complexity to signal handling issues because the audio content can no longer be treated
independently of the video.
Frame Sync
AFrameSynchronizerisusedtosynchronizethetimingofavideosignaltocoincidewithatiming
reference(usuallyacolorblacksignalthatisdistributedthroughoutafacility).Thesynchronizer
accomplishesthisbywritingtheincomingvideointoaframebuermemoryunderthetiming
directionofthesyncinformationcontainedinthatvideo.Simultaneouslythememoryisbeingread
backbyatimingsystemthatisgenlockedtoahousereference.Asaresult,thetimingoralignmentof
thevideoframecanbeadjustedsothatthescanoftheupperleftcorneroftheimageishappening
simultaneouslyonallsources.Thisisarequirementforbothanaloganddigitalsystemsinorderto
performvideoeectsorswitchglitch-freeinarouter.Framesynchronizationcanonlybeperformed
withinasingletelevisionlinestandard.AsynchronizerwillnotconvertanNTSCsignaltoaPALsignal,
ittakesastandardsconvertertodothat.
Frequency Response
Ameasurementoftheaccuracyofasystemtocarryorreproducearangeofsignalfrequencies.Similar
to Bandwidth.
IEC
TheInternationalElectrotechnicalCommissionprovidesawiderangeofworldwidestandards.They
haveprovidedstandardizationoftheACpowerconnectiontoproductsbymeansofanIEClinecord.
The connection point uses three flat contact blades in a triangular arrangement, set in a rectangular
connector.TheIECspecicationdoesnotdictatelinevoltageorfrequency.Therefore,theusermust
takecaretoverifythatadeviceeitherhasauniversalinput(capableof90to230volts,either50or60
Hz),orthatalinevoltageswitch,ifpresent,issetcorrectly.
Interlace
Humanvisioncanbefooledtoseemotionbypresentingaseriesofimages,eachwithasmallchange
relativetothepreviousimage.Inordertoeliminatetheicker,oureyesneedtoseemorethan30
imagespersecond.Thisisaccomplishedintelevisionsystemsbydividingthelinesthatmakeup
eachvideoframe(whichrunat25or30framespersecond)intotwoelds.Alloftheodd-numbered

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linesaretransmittedinthersteld,theeven-numberedlinesareinthesecondeld.Inthisway,the
repetitionrateis50or60Hz,withoutusingmorebandwidth.Thistrickhasworkedwellforyears,bit
itintroducesothertemporalartifacts.Motionpicturesuseaslightlydierenttechniquetoraisethe
repetitionratefromtheoriginal24framesthatmakeupeachsecondoflm—theyjustprojecteach
one twice.
IRE
VideolevelismeasuredontheIREscale,where0IREisblack,and100IREisfullwhite.Theactual
voltages that these levels correspond to can vary between formats.
ITU-R 601
Thisistheprincipalstandardforstandarddenitioncomponentdigitalvideo.Itdenestheluminance
andcolordierencecodingsystemthatisalsoreferredtoas4:2:2.ThestandardappliestobothPAL
andNTSCderivedsignals.Theybothwillresultinanimagethatcontains720pixelshorizontally,with
486verticalpixelsinNTSC,and576verticallyinPAL.Bothsystemsuseasampleclockrateof27MHz,
andareserializedat270Mb/s.
Jitter
Serialdigitalsignals(eithervideooraudio)aresubjecttotheeectsofjitter.Thisreferstothe
instantaneous error that can occur from one bit to the next in the exact position each digital transition.
Althoughthesignalmaybeatthecorrectfrequencyonaverage,intheinterimitvaries.Somebits
comeslightlyearly,othercomeslightlylate.Themeasurementofthisjitterisgiveneitherasthe
amountoftimeuncertaintyorasthefractionofabitwidth.For270Mb/svideo,theallowablejitteris
740picoseconds,or0.2UI(UnitInterval–onebitwidth).
Luminance
The“black&white”contentoftheimage.Humanvisionhadmoreacuityinluminance,sotelevision
systemsgenerallydevotemorebandwidthtotheluminancecontent.Incomponentsystems,the
luminanceisreferredtoasY.
Multi-mode
Multi-modebershavealargerdiametercore(either50or62.5microns),andacorrespondinglylarger
aperture.Itismucheasiertocouplelightenergyintoamultimodeber,butinternalreectionswill
causemultiple“modes”ofthesignaltopropagatedowntheber.Thiswilldegradetheabilityofthe
fiber to be used over long distances.
SeealsoSinglemode.
NTSC
ThecolortelevisionencodingsystemusedinNorthAmericawasoriginallydenedbytheNational
TelevisionStandardsCommittee.ThisAmericanstandardhasalsobeenadoptedbyCanada,Mexico,
Japan,Korea,andTaiwan.(ThisstandardisreferredtodisparaginglyasNeverTwiceSameColor.)

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Optical
An optical interface between two devices carries data by modulating a light source. This light source
istypicallyalaserorlaserdiode(similartoanLED)whichisturnedonandoatthebitrateofthe
datastream. The light is carried from one device to another through a glass fiber. The fiber’s core acts
asawaveguideorlightpipetocarrythelightenergyfromoneendtoanother.Opticaltransmission
hastwoverysignicantadvantagesovermetalliccoppercables.Firstly,itdoesnotrequirethatthe
two endpoint devices have any electrical connection to each other. This can be very advantageous
in large facilities where problems with ground loops appear. And secondly, and most importantly, an
opticalinterfacecancarryasignalformanykilometersormileswithoutanydegradationorlossinthe
recoveredsignal.Copperisbarelyusefulatdistancesofjust1000feet.
Oversampling
Atechniquetoperformdigitalsamplingatamultipleoftherequiredsamplerate.Thishasthe
advantageofraisingtheNyquistRate(themaximumfrequencywhichcanbereproducedbyagiven
samplerate)muchhigherthanthedesiredpassband.Thisallowsmoreeasilyrealizedanti-aliasing
filters.
PAL
DuringtheearlydaysofcolortelevisioninNorthAmerica,Europeanbroadcastersdevelopeda
competingsystemcalledPhaseAlternationbyLine.Thisslightlymorecomplexsystemisbetterable
towithstandthedierentialgainandphaseerrorsthatappearinampliersandtransmissionsystems.
EngineersattheBBCclaimthatitstandsforPerfectionAtLast.
Progressive
Animagescanningtechniquewhichprogressesthroughallofthelinesinaframeinasinglepass.
Computermonitorsalluseprogressivedisplays.Thiscontraststotheinterlacetechniquecommonto
television systems.
Return Loss
Anidealizedinputoroutputcircuitwillexactlymatchitsdesiredimpedance(generally75ohms)asa
purelyresistiveelement,withnoreactive(capacitiveorinductiveelements).Intherealworldwecan
onlyapproachtheideal.Soourrealinputsandoutputswillhavesomecapacitanceandinductance.
Thiswillcreateimpedancematchingerrors,especiallyathigherfrequencies.TheReturnLossof
aninputoroutputmeasureshowmuchenergyisreturned(reectedbackduetotheimpedance
mismatch).Fordigitalcircuits,areturnlossof15dBistypical.Thismeansthattheenergyreturnedis
15dBlessthantheoriginalsignal.Inanalogcircuits,a40dBgureisexpected.
RGB
RGBsystemscarrythetotalityofthepictureinformationasindependentRed,Green,andBluesignals.
Television is an additive color system, where all three components add to produce white. Because the
luminance(ordetail)informationiscarriedpartiallyineachoftheRGBchannels,allthreemustbe
carried at full bandwidth in order to faithfully reproduce an image.

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ScH Phase
Usedincompositesystems,ScHPhasemeasurestherelativephasebetweentheleadingedgeofsync
online1ofeld1andacontinuoussubcarriersinewave.DuetothearithmeticdetailsofbothPALand
NTSC,thisrelationshipisnotthesameatthebeginningofeachframe.InPAL,thepatternrepeatsever
4frames(8elds)whichisalsoknownastheBruchBlankingsequence.InNTSC,therepeatisevery2
frames(4elds).Thiscreatesenormousheadachesineditingsystemsandthesystemtimingofanalog
composite facilities.
SDI
SerialDigitalInterface.Thistermreferstoinputsandoutputsofdevicesthatsupportserialdigital
componentvideo.Thisgenerallymeansstandarddenitionat270Mb/s.Theuseof“HD-SDI”is
beginningtoappeartoindicateHighDenitionSerialDigitalvideoat1.485Gb/s.
SMPTE
TheSocietyofMotionPictureandTelevisionEngineersisaprofessionalorganizationwhichhasdone
tremendousworkinsettingstandardsforboththelmandtelevisionindustries.Theterm“SMPTE’”is
alsoshorthandforoneparticularcomponentvideoformat-luminanceandcolordierence.
Single mode
ASinglemode(ormonomode)opticalbercarriesanopticalsignalonaverysmalldiameter(9
micron)coresurroundedwithcladding.Thesmalldiametermeansthatnointernallyreected
lightwaveswillbepropagated.Thusonlytheoriginal“mode”ofthesignalpassesdowntheber.A
singlemodeberusedinanopticalSDIsystemcancarryasignalforupto20kilometers.Singlemode
bersrequireparticularcareintheirinstallationduetotheextremelysmallopticalaperturethatthey
present at splice and connection points.
SeealsoMulti-mode.
TBC
ATimeBaseCorrectorisasystemtoreducetheTimeBaseErrorinasignaltoacceptablelevels.It
accomplishesthisbyusingaFIFO(FirstIn,FirstOut)memory.Theincomingvideoiswrittenintothe
memoryusingitsownjitterytiming.Thisoperationiscloselyassociatedwiththeactualdigitizationof
theanalogsignalbecausethevaryingpositionofthesynctimingmustbemimickedbythesampling
functionoftheanalogtodigitalconverter.Asecondtimingsystem,genlockedtoastablereference,
isusedtoreadthevideobackoutofthememory.Thememoryactsasadynamicallyadjustingdelay
tosmoothouttheimperfectionsintheoriginalsignal’stiming.VeryoftenaTBCwillalsofunctionasa
FrameSynchronizer.
Seealso:FrameSync.
Time Base Error
Timebaseerrorispresentwhenthereisexcessivejitteroruncertaintyinthelinetolineoutput
timingofavideosignal.Thisiscommonlyassociatedwithplaybackfromvideotaperecorders,and
isparticularlyseverewithconsumertypeheterodynesystemslikeVHS.Timebaseerrorwillrendera
signal unusable for broadcast or editing purposes.

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Analog Audio Distribution Amplifier User Guide
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BrightEye 33
Tri Level Sync
AnanalogsyncreferencesignalthatisusedinHighDenitionsystems.TriLevelSyncisconstructed
withthreesignallevels,thesyncpulsesextendaboveandbelowamid-levelaveragevoltage(the
blankinglevel).Unlikeconventionalanalogsyncwhichisbi-level,theproper50%pickopointis
alreadyidentiedinTriLevelSync.Thiscontributestolowerjitterindigitalsystems.
YUV
Strictlyspeaking,YUVdoesnotapplytocomponentvideo.ThelettersrefertotheLuminance(Y),and
theUandVencodingaxesusinginthePALcompositesystem.SincetheUaxisisveryclosetotheB-Y
axis,andtheVaxisisveryclosetotheR-Yaxis,YUVisoftenusedasasortofshorthandforthemore
long-winded“Y/R-Y/B-Y”.
Y/Cr/Cb
Indigitalcomponentvideo,theluminancecomponentisY,andthetwocolordierencesignalsareCr
(R-Y)andCb(B-Y).
Y/Pr/Pb
Inanalogcomponentvideo,theimageiscarriedinthreecomponents.TheluminanceisY,theR-Y
colordierencesignalisPr,andtheB-YcolordierencesignalisPb.