Rain bird Commodore 64/128k User manual

THE MUSIC SYSTEM

COMMODORE

64/128K

ADVANCED

D64 ATTACHED

TO THIS PDF

Philip Black (SYSTEM) SOUND/VMW/

ADVANCED EDITOR

TMS KEYBOARD/

EDITOR/SYSTEM DESIGN

Adrian Boot (ISLAND LOGIC) CONCEPT/SYSTEM

DESIGN/USER MANUAL

David Ellis (SYSTEM) CONCEPT/SYSTEM

DESIGN/USER MANUAL

Nicky Johns (ISLAND LOGIC) FILING/

INTEGRATION/DESIGN/

UTILITIES

Geoffrey Ellis (SYSTEM) DESIGN/

SYNTHESISER

Ewan Hayward (SYSTEM) ADVANCED LINKER

JOEY (ISLAND LOGIC) ADVANCED MIDI

Ching Man Wong (ISLAND LOGIC) COMMAND LINE/

KEYBOARD/GRAPHICS

Steve McGarry (ISLAND LOGIC) ADVANCED PRINTER

Shaun McGarry (ISLAND LOGIC) DEVELOPMENT

SUPPORT/PRINTER

Additional design/help/support/encouragement from:

Brian Jones (ISLAND LOGIC) Keith Shaw (SYSTEM)

Sue Shaw (SYSTEM) Steve Swallow (SYSTEM)

AMS DEVELOPMENT TEAM ii

INTRODUCTION 2

EDITOR 10

KEYBOARD 37

SYNTHESISER 44

MIDI 63

THE PRINTER MODULE 73

LINKER 81

INDEX 86

APPENDIX 93

CONTENTS

THE MUSIC SYSTEM

ADVANCED

COMMODORE

64/128K

The Music System TMS is a comprehensive microcomputer-based music

program for creating, editing, playing and printing music. The system allows

easy input and storage of music which can then be played back through the

Commodore 64 internal sound system, or through an external MIDI

keyboard/synthesiser. Music can be printed out in proper musical notation

together with lyrics.

The music is entered in various ways: through an extremely versatile

EDITOR in written music format (note at a time). Via an on-screen piano

KEYBOARD emulator, or via an externally connected MIDI keyboard. Each

of these three input modes can create music files compatible with all other

modules. The LINKER can connect these music files together to form much

larger compositions. An understanding of the power as well as the limita-

tions of TMS can be gained through experience with the EDITOR module.

This module provides a central reference for the rest of the system, its

highly flexible step by step music input producing very accurate results.

The types of sound that can be generated are almost unlimited due to the

flexibility of the SYNTHESISER module. This allows you to create the

shapes of the sounds simply and quickly. The sound shapes (ENVE-

LOPES) are incorporated into the music using the EDITOR, KEYBOARD or

MIDI modules, to give you amazing versatility over your compositions.

INTRODUCTION

The six modules are directly accessible from the CONTROL SCREEN.

Each module is identifiable by its own symbol or icon. When applicable data

files are preserved when moving from module to module.

Editor Keyboard Synthesiser

Linker Printer Midi

TMS is loaded from disk via the Commodore 1541 disk drive after typing

LOAD“TMS”,8,1 and pressing RETURN. The Commodore 64 also allows

you to enter LOAD“*”,8,1 (RETURN). After the Island Logic/System Copy-

right screen has appeared the main TMS program will load automatically.

The loading will stop at the CONTROL SCREEN waiting for you to select a

module. When moving from one module to the next, you must always pass

through this screen. The highlighted icon is the one which may be run.

Press SPACE or SHIFT SPACE to select the next icon. Keep pressing to

get back to the original. Once selected the required module can be run by

pressing RETURN. Make sure that the TMS system disk is in your disk

drive before trying to load a module, otherwise an error message pop-up

will appear.

In general SPACE is used throughout the system to move a highlight or

select an operation.

When in the module return to the CONTROL screen by pressing function

key F5 to activate the command line pop-up. Use SPACE to move the

highlight bar over the EXIT command (eg. EXIT KEYBOARD) and press

RETURN. A short cut back to the CONTROL SCREEN can be achieved via

the COM CLR/HOME key pair. The COM key or Commodore key is at the

bottom left of the keyboard. Make sure the TMS system disk is in the disk

drive before leaving a module.

Moving around the MUSIC SYSTEM

TMS CONTROL SCREEN - EDITOR ICON SELECTED.

THE MUSIC SYSTEM

In each of the modules the command line provides easy access to the

available functions of TMS. Any command line pop-up menu can be activat-

ed by pressing one of the four commodore function keys, and de-activated

by pressing the same function key. Try selecting each of the command line

pop-ups.

The command line

You will notice that each of the pop-ups except INFO F7 has a horizontal

HIGHLIGHT bar or cursor which can be moved by pressing the SPACE bar.

This highlight cursor can also be moved in the opposite direction by holding

down SHIFT while pressing the SPACE bar. The highlight cursor is used to

select the function you intend to use.

Menu auto-scroll

In some cases, when the highlight reaches the bottom of a pop-up menu,

the menu itself will automatically scroll up, displaying new functions. It is

important to remember this feature. If you are looking for a particular

function and can’t see it within the selected pop-up, scroll the highlight

cursor up or down to auto-scroll the menu itself. You may reset the menu

after an autoscroll by pressing the function key to pop-down the menu

window and pressing the same key again to pop it back up.

InfoFiles Values Commands

f1 RETURN

SPACE

SPACESHIFT

Catalogue

Load

Save

Rename

Pop-up/pop-down Activate selection

↓Down

↑Up

The menu scrolls in a loop, a broken line showing the top of menu.

The SHIFT SPACE key combination causes the reverse to occur. When the

highlight reaches the top of the pop-up window the menu auto scrolls down.

Each item within the VALUES pop-up represents a value that can be

changed. For example when TEMPO or KEY SIGNATURE are selected,

the value can be changed using either the Qor Wkeys. These keys are

used throughout the system to change values.

The INFO pop-up only provides information and you can not directly

change it. Quantities such as available space, the size of individual voices,

and the values of important controls are displayed. This is the information

that you will often need to check during the operation of TMS.

InfoFiles Values Commands

Key signature

Save

Time signature

Tempo

Resolution

Volume

Filter

Voice

F # 6 sharps

Save

4/4

Presto

Expert

f3 Pop-up/pop-down

SPACE

↓Down

Highlight bar

Tempo

Save

Resolution

Volume

Filter

Voice

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Key signature

Presto

Save

Expert

F # 6 sharps

Auto scroll

Top of menu

The FILES pop-up and the COMMANDS pop-up both expect you to activate

a selected function by pressing RETURN. Often the action of pressing

RETURN will produce one or more secondary pop-ups either as a second

interactive window, or as simple messages or warnings. Remember, press-

ing the same function key will close down the window.

FILES

The most important function of the COMMAND LINE is to control the

loading and saving of files. Depending upon which module you are in, TMS

uses up to six different types of file.

Music files - Prefix m. Music as created by the EDITOR, KEYBOARD, or

converted from MIDI. Music files can be loaded into the LINKER, MIDI,

SYNTHESISER or PRINTER.

Sound files - Prefix s. Created and/or edited by the SYNTHESISER and are

used by the EDITOR, LINKER and KEYBOARD modules. Each sound file

can store 15 different instrument sounds.

InfoFiles Values Commands

Track Events

Free 9999

9999

InfoFiles Values Commands

RETURN

Save

Pop-up/pop-down

Activate selection

SPACE Select command

Clear all tracks

Metronome

Voice monitor window

Exit midi

Delete track

Midi files - Prefix x. Created via the MIDI module, and require an external

midi keyboard and interface. Midi files are easily converted to TMS music

files for use by the EDITOR and back to MIDI files for playback through a

MIDI.

Linker files - Prefix l. These files can only be created and used by the

LINKER. They use music ( m. ) files to produce much longer and more

complex compositions than the EDITOR or KEYBOARD alone can provide.

Notepad files - Prefix n. These are special files that are used by the

EDITOR to allow you to ‘cut and paste’ sections of music between voices

or even between music files

Text files - Prefix t. These files are created and used by the PRINTER

module: they are files of Lyrics that are normally associated with specific

music files.

It is very important that you ensure, when loading and saving files, that the

file is of the correct type. It is possible that two or more files can have the

same file name but different file types. ie. s.jazz is a sound file whereas

m.jazz is a music file.

Examples x.rock midi file

m.sonata music file

s.piano sound file

l.bigtune linker file

t.words text file

n.goodbit notepad file

FILES options

To CATALOGUE the files available to the module you are in, first select the

FILES pop-up by pressing f1. Then move the highlight, using the SPACE

key, to select CATALOGUE. Press RETURN and wait a few moments. If

the disk contains any available files, then these will be displayed within a

CATALOGUE pop-up. Press RETURN to close the pop-up.

To LOAD a file, select the FILES pop-up f1, move the highlight bar to LOAD

press RETURN. After a few moments a pop-up will appear with a catalogue

of files available to the module. Move the highlight over the file you wish to

load and press RETURN. After a short delay the file will be loaded into the

module. If the filing system can’t find a file or encounters some other

problem, a pop-up message will occur.

To SAVE a file select the FILES pop-up f1 move the highlight to SAVE and

press RETURN. A small save pop-up will occur and wait for you to type in

afilename.The←keycanbeusedtochangethefiletype.Makesurethat

you use the correct file type. If you try to save a musical composition as a

sound (s.) file, then the current sound set will be saved, and not the music.

When you have entered a file name next to its correct file type prefix, press

RETURN and the file will be saved to the current disk. You cannot save files

to the TMS system disk. It is write protected. You will need a new disk to

save new or edited files.

To RENAME a file select the FILES pop-up and move the highlight to

RENAME (as above) and press RETURN. A catalogue will be displayed.

Move the highlight to the file you want to rename, press RETURN and type

in the new name. Press RETURN and the file will be renamed. You may

use the CATALOGUE option to check the renamed file.

You may DELETE a file in the similar way. A catalogue will allow you to

select the file you wish to delete.

Load sound 2

m.sonata

m.rockroll

m.jazz

s.woodwind

music

s.effects

Rename

m.rockroll

m.jazz

s.woodwind

m.reggae

s.effects

m.sonata

Rename

m.sonata

Save music

SOUND 1

SOUND 2

↕

←

CHANGE FILE TYPE

midi

sound

linker

notepad

TMS may not function correctly if additional, or worse still exotic hardware

add-ons, are connected to your Commodore 64. The disk filing system may

not operate correctly when used in areas with a poor or fluctuation mains

power supply. Large magnetic fields generated by some TV’s and loud-

speaker systems could also create problems. Keep your disk drive in good

condition and operate it away from the above mentioned demons.

Filing Errors

If the disc drive reports any problems during filing operations, these will be

shown as “Disk Error XX” pop-ups. Look in your 1541 Disc Drive manual to

find out the nature of the error. (Refer to “DOS ERROR MESSAGES”)

The most likely errors are:

1) Disc Error 21 - No disc in the disc drive! It can also mean that your disk

is unformatted; or, more seriously, your disc drive is faulty.

2) Disc Error 26 - This happens if the disc is “write-protected”, and probably

means you are trying to save files to the System disk.

* Do not attempt to VALIDATE a disk which contains TMS files, as this may

result in the files being erased.

* All TMS filing operations only work on TMS files, so, for example, non-

TMS files will not be displayed in the catalogue, and cannot be renamed,

deleted etc.

* New discs must be “formatted” on the CBM64 before they can be used to

store files. If you have a new (unformatted) disc, then before loading TMS,

put the new disc in the disc drive and type:

OPEN 15,8,15,”NEW0:name,ID” <return>

CLOSE 15 <return>

N.B. Refer to the “NEW” command in your Disc Drive User’s Manual.

Audio Link. With care you can easily connect your Commodore and TMS to

your HI FI, with spectacular results. Connect your HI Fl lead to pins 2 and

3 of your video DIN. (C64’s programmers reference guide.) Shield to pin 2

and core to pin 3.

WARNING

The EDITOR module provides all the facilities of a wordprocessor; writing,

displaying and editing music rather than words. The EDITOR can of course

play the tunes as well! Tunes may be entered directly on the staves, played

and edited using the very comprehensive facilities available within the

EDITOR. The EDITOR also provides the unique function of displaying and

editing tunes entered via the KEYBOARD and MIDI modules. There is even

a command for ‘tidying up’ the results of your accomplishments with a

keyboard! The EDITOR also provides the finished files for the PRINTER

module and can also create tunes and backing tracks for both the SYN-

THESISER and MIDI modules.

EDITOR

The EDITOR displays notes within the selected four octave range on treble

and bass staves together with the appropriate key and time signatures. One

of the three voices may be displayed, scrolled through (with or without

playing) or edited at any time. You may flip instantaneously between voices

at exactly the same point in a tune and play selected voices together from

any note. The barmeter device shows you exactly where you are in a tune.

Music can be transposed instantly into any available key with the insertion

of the appropriate accidentals. Music can be entered in practically any time

signature with the facility for automatically entering barlines and ties where

necessary. Most common musical notation is catered for including triplets,

ties and repeats. The versatile loop sections may be used and edited in this

module.

Editor

The EDITOR features many powerful facilities for editing musical composi-

tions. There are block move, copy and delete facilities just like most

wordprocessors and even a notepad for storing sections of music for later

use. The EDITOR also includes many MACRO editing facilities for the more

advanced user.

The EDITOR screen

The EDITOR module can be selected from the CONTROL screen by

highlighting the EDITOR icon and pressing RETURN.

The screen consists of a large Voice Monitor Window (VMW) at the bottom

displaying the notes in any one of the voices; a barmeter followed by the

barnumber, volume, envelope and notename devices. A Free Space device

also appears in the top left of the VMW. You can return to the CONTROL

screen by accessing Commands: Exit Editor or pressing COMM-HOME.

The following sections briefly describe each of the EDITOR devices. Move

on to ‘Entering and playing notes - a quick guide’ if you really want to start

composing straight away! (p.14)

VMW

The Voice Monitor Window displays a part of the tune stored in memory. A

tune can have up to three voices and the VMW can show a small part of

InfoFiles Values Commands

3125 15 15 40

one of those voices. The window can be flipped between voices by pressing

1,2, or 3. The notes in that voice can be scrolled through the window using

[and ]. You can also hear them as they scroll by using SHIFT-RUN/STOP.

The diagram below shows the VMW looking into part of Voice 2.

Inside the VMW there is a white vertical band called the note cursor. This

marks the ‘current note’ - the one that can be edited or sounded. When

notes scroll past they sound when they reach the cursor column. When

flipping between voices the current note in the new voice is the one that

would have been playing at the same time as the current note in the

previous voice. If there wasn’t a note playing then it will go to the last note

in that voice. You can therefore flip easily between voices knowing that the

notes ‘line up’. The VMW also displays the appropriate key and time

signatures selected from Values.

Free Space

The EDITOR free space device is within the VMW and shows you how

many notes you can add to your tune before running out of space. It also

takes into account the space you have used up for your notepad. Look at

Info to see what the notepad size is.

Barmeter

The EDITOR barmeter indicates the overall length of each voice relative to

the others. Each voice is expanded to include all repeats. The barmeter

cursor shows you where you are within a tune and moves left and right as

you scroll backwards and forwards through a voice. The highlighted voice

Voice 1

Voice 2

Voice 3

[ ]

Free 792

number on the left indicates the current voice being displayed on the VMW.

If you flip between voices then the barmeter cursor will not move unless the

new voice is shorter. You can move the barmeter cursor quickly through a

tune using SHIFT-[ and SHIFT-]. When you release the keys the note

cursor will point to the new section of music in that voice.

The small playback indicators on the righthand end of the barmeter are

highlighted when voices are selected for playback. They remain highlighted

until switched off. SHIFT-1 is used to switch voice 1 on or off, SHIFT-2 to

switch voice 2 etc. Any combination of voices may be played back (includ-

ing none!) irrespective of the current voice displayed on the VMW.

The playback indictors also show whether a voice is being played as a

whole voice or as a loop section. An Sindicates a loop section. Loop

sections are intended to be used for repeated rhythm tracks, bass lines and

accompaniments and are set from Values.

Bar number

The bar number device indicates the number of the current bar displayed

by the VMW. Unlike the barmeter, repeats are ignored. When flipping

between voices the bar number might not necessarily remain the same

since it only counts the barlines and not the duration of the notes.

2 3

Barmeter cursor

Current voice on VMW

1 2 3

Active playback voices

SHIFT

[ ]

SHIFT SHIFT

Volume and envelope

These devices display the volume and envelope associated with the current

note on the VMW. The volume setting is an additional volume and can only

be used in voice 1. The overall (or global) volume is set from Values. The

envelope number for the current note is changed using Zand X.

Notename

For those of you who can not remember F-A-C-E or Every-Good-Boy-

Deserves-Favours the notename device displays the octave, notename

and accidental for the current note on the VMW. The key signature and any

previous accidentals in the bar are taken into account. The notename for a

rest is blank.

Entering and playing notes - a quick guide

The Editor is a very powerful composing tool with many facilities. This

section is intended as an introduction - as you become more familiar with

the basic commands you can launch yourself into the advanced editing

facilities, set up the user parameters from Values, attack macros and get to

grips with the notepad… adjust barlines… clock tidy… etc.

Notes are always entered directly on the treble and bass staves at the note

cursor. If there are no notes in the voice the current note is shown in blue.

If there are notes already there, you may delete all notes by accessing

Commands: Clear music. A blue note has not yet been stored in memory.

Voice 1 volume

210

S Z X

<> <>

Envelope

↑

Pitch

It always appears at the end of a voice ready to be entered. The pitch,

duration and envelope of this note can all be changed before it is entered.

Enter the note by pressing RETURN. If autosound is on the note will be

heard. The newly entered note moves to the left and a similar note appears

under the note cursor. Again this note may be edited and entered into

memory by pressing RETURN. If you want to hear the note before it is

entered press *. This is very useful when changing envelopes.

Once a note has been entered you can easily edit it by moving the note to

the cursor position and changing the pitch, duration, etc.

This time the note will appear black because it is a real note stored as part

of the voice. You can press *to preview the note and press RETURN to

move on to the next one. You could just as well press [or ]to move onto

another note.

To remove a note (it must be a real one!) move it to the cursor column and

press DEL. To add another note to the end of a voice, scroll to the last note

and press RETURN. A blue note will appear again for you to edit and enter

as before.

As more notes are added to a voice barlines will begin to appear automati-

cally according to the time signature. You may even find that some of the

notes are automatically tied across a barline for you! In other cases you

might be told that the bar is too long and the notes can not be fitted in. Press

↑

Pitch

Z X

Envelope

Duration

[ ]

Sound note

RETURN

Enter note

Scroll music

SPACE and change the duration of the note so that the bar will be the

correct length. The autobar and autotie parameters may be switched off in

Values if necessary.

Having entered some notes move to the beginning of the voice and play the

notes in that voice by pressing SHIFT-RUN/STOP. The notes will play and

scroll right to the end. You can stop them playing by pressing RUN/STOP

again. You can start and stop playing at any point in the voice. Notice how

the barmeter keeps track of the notes you have entered in the voice and

how the barmeter cursor shows where you are as you scroll through. You

can move through a voice more quickly using SHIFT-[ and SHIFT-] to fast

rewind and fast forward. This time the notemeter cursor moves left or right

without the music scrolling. Let go of the keys and the VMW will update

itself to the new part of the music. Look at the barnumber device to see

which bar you have reached. You can jump straight to the beginning of the

tune by pressing COMM-[ or to the end of the voice by pressing COMM-].

Remember that you have to press RETURN to get a blue note at the end

again.

So far you have only used one voice and we’ll assume that you have been

entering notes in voice 1. Press 2and you will be at the start of voice 2 - at

a blue note again because no notes have yet been entered. Check that the

barmeter shows number 2 highlighted on the left. Enter notes in exactly the

same way as before until both voices are the same length. You can flip to

voice 1 by pressing 1and back again with 2. Move to the start of voice 2

and press RUN/STOP. Both voices will play together without scrolling the

music. Press RUN/STOP again to stop playback before the end of the tune.

If both voices do not play then check that the playback indicators are all

highlighted (on). On pressing RUN/STOP only those voices set for playback

are heard. If none are on then you will not bear anything although the tune

will actually be playing! Press SHIFT-1 to switch voice 1 on/off; SHIFT-2 for

voice 2, etc.

[ ]

Scroll left

Fast rewind

Move to start

Play voice

SHIFT [

SHIFT

RUN

STOP

]

[

RUN

STOP

Scroll right

Fast forward

Move to end

Stop playback

Try adding a third voice in the same way as above but this time experiment

with the envelope settings. Each note can have a different sound envelope

attached to it. There are 15 envelopes available in sound set 1. Use Zand

Xto change the envelope number. Remember that you can preview the

sound with *before entering it. You can always return to any note and

change its envelope setting again. A whole sound set containing another

15 envelopes can be loaded into the EDITOR and this could change the

sound of all the notes already entered.

Your new tune can be saved in the normal way through Filing. Press f1,

select the Save option and press RETURN. Type your filename and press

RETURN again. Remember that you need your own data disc in the disc

drive and not the A.M.S. disc when you save a file. Your tune will remain in

memory after saving it. A new tune could also be loaded but remember that

this will delete your current tune and replace the sound set.

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