RHINOCEROS HT10 Manual

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HT10 MINI CRAWLER EXCAVATOR
OPERATION & MAINTENANCE MANUAL

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Preface
Chapter I Usage Features and Performance Parameters of HT10 Excavators
Section I Usage and features
Section II Main performance parameters
Chapter II Basic Structures and Work principle of HT10 Excavators
Section I Overview
Section II Work principle
Section III Basic structure of mechanical system
Section IV Basic structure of hydraulic system
Chapter III Service Technologies of HT10 Excavators
Section I Basic construction knowledge
Section II Preparation for work
Section III Operational essentials
Section IV Operational precautions
Chapter VI Maintenance of HT10 Excavators
Section I Daily inspection
Section II Periods of overhaul, medium and minor repair
Chapter VII Troubleshooting of HT10 Excavator
Section I General
Section II Troubleshooting of mechanical system
Section III Troubleshooting of hydraulic system
Section IV Troubleshooting of electrical control system
Section V Troubleshooting of engine
Section VI Other
Attachment: BOM List of HT10 Parts
As product improvements, technical data and parameters change

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Chapter I Usage Features and Performance Parameters of HT10
Excavators
Section I Usage and features
HT10 Excavators are provided with excavating, crushing, ditch cleaning, drilling and bulldozing, with
their attachments quick hitched and thus its utilization up greatly. In addition, they are easy to operate and
transport and flexible to work at narrow site.
HT10 Excavators, hydraulic type with single bucket
This type of excavators are mainly applied to: farming, landscaping, ditching and fertilization in garden, vegetable
greenhouse, agricultural transformation, indoor demolition, small earthwork, civil engineering, road recovery,
basement and indoor construction, concrete breaking, burying of cable, laying of water supply line, garden
cultivation, desilting and others.
The excavator are equipped with Changchai diesel engines.
Excavators are able to equipped with multiple work equipments, such as quick hitch, log grab, ripper, leveling
bucket, auger and narrow bucket, as well as optional roof, radiator and others, so as to meet your needing.

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Quick hitch Narrow bucket
Log grab Mechanical thumb
Auger Ripper Rake

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Section II Main performance parameters

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Overall dimensions
Unit: mm
A Wheel track
895
B Overall length of track
1203
C Ground clearance of platform
357
D Ground clearance of platform tail
800
E Chassis width
930
F Crawler width
180
H Crawler height
313
I Transportation length
2775
J Overall height
2219
Work range
Unit: mm
A Max. digging radius on ground
2850
B Max. digging depth
1650
C Max. digging height
2600
D Max. unloading height
1800
E Max. vertical digging depth
1380
F Min. swing radius
1300
G Max. lifting height of dozer blade
110
H Max. digging depth of dozer blade
110
Weight of complete machine kg
Performance parameters
900
Standard bucket capacity m³ 0.025
Rated power kw 8.2Kw/3600r/min

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Chapter II Basic Structures and Work Principle of HT10 Excavators
Section I Overview on HT10 excavators
HT10 excavator is composed of power train, work equipment, swing mechanism, control mechanism, drive
system, traveling mechanism and auxiliary equipment, as shown in fig. 1-1. Mounted on the rotary table are the
regular full-swing type hydraulic excavators, main components of drive system, swing mechanism and auxiliary
devices, which are referred to as upper rotary. Therefore, a HT10 excavator is divided into work equipment,
upper rotary and traveling mechanism.

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Central
slewing joint
Section II Work principle of excavators
Diesel engine changes the chemical energy of diesel into mechanical energy that is then altered with hydraulic
gear pump to hydraulic energy that is distributed to each actuating element (such as hydraulic cylinder, swing
motor and traveling motor). After that, each actuating element transform the hydraulic energy back to mechanical
energy, driving the work equipment and running the complete machine.
Movement and power transmission route of excavator shown below:
1. Traveling power route: diesel engine —— coupler —— hydraulic pump (mechanical energy changed to
hydraulic energy) —— distributor valve —— central swing joint —— traveling motor (hydraulic energy
changed to mechanical energy)—— sprocket —— rubber crawler—— starting of traveling
2. Swing power route: diesel engine —— coupler —— hydraulic pump (mechanical energy changed to
hydraulic energy) —— distributor valve—— swing motor (hydraulic energy changed to mechanical energy)
—— slewing bearing —— realizing of wing
3. Boom power route: diesel engine —— coupler —— hydraulic pump (mechanical energy changed to
hydraulic energy) —— distributor valve —— boom cylinder (hydraulic energy changed to mechanical
energy)——boom movement
4. Arm power route: diesel engine —— coupler —— hydraulic pump (mechanical energy changed to hydraulic
energy) —— distributor valve —— arm cylinder (hydraulic energy changed to mechanical energy) —— arm
movement
5. Bucket power route: diesel engine ——coupler —— hydraulic pump (mechanical energy changed to
hydraulic energy) —— distributor valve —— bucket cylinder (hydraulic energy changed to mechanical
energy) —— bucket movement

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Section III Basic structure of HT10 excavators mechanical system
1 Power system
HT10 excavator is equipped with single-cylinder air-cooling diesel engine.
2 Drive system
HT10 excavator's drive system could transfer the output power from diesel engine through the hydraulic system
to work equipment, swing mechanism and traveling mechanism.
3 Swing mechanism
Swing mechanism could turn the work equipment and upper rotary leftwards and rightwards, so as to do the
excavating and the unloading. HT10 excavator’
s swing mechanism has to fix the rotary table onto frame and has it swing flexibly, without any inclining risk.
Therefore, HT10 excavator is equipped with a slewing support (supports) and a slewing drive (power of
turntable slewing), which are called by a joint name as swing mechanism.
3.1 Slewing support
HT10 excavator has its rotary table supported with a rolling bearing, realizing the swinging of upper rotary.
3.2 Rotary drive
HT10 excavator adopts the direct drive type. Namely, the output shaft of low-speed high-torque hydraulic
motor is mounted with a driving pinion which meshes with the slewing gear ring. .
4 Traveling mechanism
Traveling mechanism supports the complete weight of excavator and drives it to run.
HT10 excavator has the crawler traveling mechanism similar to other crawlers, with one hydraulic motor driving
one track. This excavator adopts low-speed high-torque motor. When two hydraulic motors run in the same
direction, this machine goes straightly forward; when one motor is supplied with oil and the other is braked,
excavator steers around the braked track; when two motors runs reversely, excavator rotates in situ.
Each part of traveling mechanism is mounted on integral traveling frame. The pressure oil from hydraulic pump
goes through the multi-way directional valve and the central swing joint into the hydraulic traveling motor that
changes the pressure energy into output torque that then goes to sprocket, driving excavator to run.
HT10 excavator’s sprockets are of integral castings and able to correctly engage with track, featuring balance
drive. Sprockets located at rear part of excavator, shortening the tensioner part and relieving the track abrasion,
wear and power consumption. Each track is equipped with a tensioner, adjusting the track tension and reducing
the track vibration noise, abrasion, wear and power loss.
5 Work equipment
The hydraulic excavator could have multiple work equipment, up to dozens of varieties, with backhoe and ripper
most popular.
HT10 excavator has the boom, arm and bucket articulated with each other,
as shown in figure and swing around their articulated points respectively with aid of the hydraulic cylinder,
finishing the excavating,lifting and unloading.
5.1 Boom
As the main component of backhoe work equipment, the integrated skewed boom is adopted on HT10
excavator.
Being of the most popular type at present, skewed boom could allow excavator to dip deeper and to lower the
unloading depth, satisfying the backhoe requirements.

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5.2 Bucket
5.2.1 Basic requirements
1) The longitudinal profile of bucket meets the law of motion of various materials inside of bucket,
facilitating the material flow and minimizing the loading resistance and thus fulfilling the bucket.
2) Bucket teeth are mounted to increase the linear specific pressure of bucket onto material, with unit
cutting resistance relatively low and easing to cut in and break soil. In addition, the teeth are
resistant to wear and easy to replace.
3) The load is easy to get off, shortening the unloading time and increasing the effective capacity of
bucket.
5.2.2 Structure
Bucket shape and size for backhoe are highly related to work objects. In order to meet various excavation,
one excavator could be equipped with multiple types of buckets, with backhoe most popular. Bucket
teeth could be mounted with rubber pins and bolts
Connection between bucket and hydraulic cylinder is of linkage mechanism, with bucket directly
articulated with hydraulic cylinder, which drops the rotation angle of bucket but enables the work torque
to change greatly. .

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Hydraulic system structure of HT10 excavators I. Rotary motor

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Nylon
Rubber L-4
Bearing
Combine parts
Combine parts
Rubber L-4
Driven gear
II. Main pump
Lug-shaped baffle
Lug-shaped gasket
Side plate
Pump body
Rectangular seal
ring
Front cover
Oil seal NY19×32×7
Retainer 32
Driving gear shaft
Washer 10
Screw M10×65-
10.9

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Traveling motor
Disc Valve Motors---6000 series -005 and -006

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Reserved
Steering
Arm
Traveling
Front shovel
Traveling
Boom
Bucket
Section IV Schematics of main valve

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Section V. Electrical system diagram

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Chapter III Service Technologies of HT10 Excavators
Being of high temperature and pressure, the HT10 excavator could have the hydraulic oil temperature as high as 85℃,
the engine silencer temperature as high as 700℃and pressure as high as 16-18MPa. Therefore,
the operators should be specially trained to obtain the proper certificates and to be familiar with the contents in
this manual before the operations. In addition, maintenance and repair of excavator should be strictly in line with
regulations to avoid any accident.
Section I Basic construction knowledge
There are four basic movements: bucket rotation, arm stretching / backing, boom lifting / lowering and turntable
swinging.
In general, pulling/pushing of hydraulic cylinder and rotation of hydraulic motor is controlled with three-way
axial slide valve through the oil-flow direction and the work speed is controlled by operator or auxiliary devices
according to the quantitative system and the valve openness.
1.1 Basic requirements on control system
Basic requirements on control system include:
1) Control system should be centralized in the driving area of upper rotary and satisfy the man-machine
requirements. For example, controllers and driver seat should be designed according to 160-180 cm for
males and 150-170 cm for females.
2) Startup and stop should be steady, with its speed and strength in control. At the same time, the combine
actions should be also in control.
3) Easy, handy and visual operations In general, the operational force on handle does not exceed 40～60 N
and handle travel does not exceed 17cm.
4) Control mechanism should minimize the deformation of its lever, as well as the inside clearance and the
idle travel.
5) Ensure the operational performance does not change in -40～50℃.
Section II Preparation for work
1. Inspection before startup
In order to prolong its service span, check the following before startup:
①. Check if there is dirt around or below machine, bolts loosened, any oil leaked and if any part damaged or
worn.
②. Check if all switches, lamps and fuse box could work normally.
③. Check if the work equipment and hydraulic parts could work normally.
④. Check if all engine oil levels and fuel level are proper.
The above should be checked normal; otherwise engine cannot be started up until they are checked normal after
troubleshooting.
2. Maintenance before startup
Before startup each shift, it is needed to grease the work equipment and the slewing bearing.
3. Preheating of machine on cold days
If it is cold, engine is difficult to start up, fuel may be frozen and hydraulic oil may increase its viscosity.
Therefore, selection of fuel should be dependent on environment temperature.

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Back
Back
Right travel
Dozer shovel
Left travel
Forward
Forward
When hydraulic oil is less than 25℃, it is needed to preheat the machine before any work; otherwise
machine may not respond or react very quickly, leading to severe accident.
Therefore it is needed to preheat machine if it is cold:
①.Adjust the manual accelerator to have engine run at medium speed, and then slowly move bucket forth and
back for 5min.
Caution: do not operate other actuators than the bucket.
②.Adjust the manual accelerator to have engine run at high speed, and then move the boom, the arm and the
bucket for 5-10min.
Caution: operations are merely limited on boom, arm and bucket, instead of any slewing or traveling.
③. Each complete action of excavator should be carried out for a few times, completing the preheating and ready
to work.
Section III Operational essentials
1. Traveling
Use the traveling handles.
(1) Straight
Forwards or backward move the handle, running the machine forwards or backwards.
(2) Steering
A. Left turn in situ: backward shift the left handle and meanwhile forward push the right handle.
b. Right turn in situ: backward shift right handle and meanwhile forward push the left handle.
c. Left turn with left track as axis: forward move the right handle
d. Right turn with right track as axis: forward move the left handle
2. Excavation
2.1 The excavator slewing and the work equipment are respectively controlled with two handles, with positions
shown below:
Forward
Back

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Arm stretch Boom down
Arm Back Boom Up
Bucket
Unload
Bucket LoadRight turnLeft turn
2.2 Basic excavation
1. Before excavation, the arm cylinder should have angle with the arm as 90°, bucket with ground to be
excavated as 30°. Only in such case, can each cylinder have the max. excavating force. It is suitable for
relatively hard soil, so as to decrease the excavating resistance.
2. To excavate any soft soil, bucket should be angled with the soil to be 60°, increasing the work efficiency.
2.3 Lower excavation
Keep the angle between bucket base and the bevel at 30°, and retract the arm to start work.
2.4 Upper excavation
Keep the bucket blade vertical to the ground, and retract the arm to start work.
2.5 Ditching is carried out in 7 steps, as shown in figure.

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Section IV Operational Precautions
Prohibitions and precautions for hydraulic excavators
1. Avoid the landsliding and the stone falling.
2. Avoid any striking of work equipment.
3. Avoid the bucket from colliding with other vehicle body, the loaded bucket crossing over other vehicle cab or
persons.
4. Avoid the excavator from sinking into soft ground or wetland.
5. In traveling, avoid any large obstacles such as large stone.
6. It is prohibited to work with water depth exceeding the allowable limit.
7. While unloaded or loaded, the large stones should be handled carefully not to fall down.
8. On cold days, park the machine on solid ground to avoid the track being frozen. Remove any scrap away
from track and its frame. If track is iced onto ground, use boom to lift track and carefully move the machine,
so as not to damage the sprocket and the track.
9. Before movement of machine, make sure the traveling direction is consistent with its handle. When traveling
motor is at rear part, forward push the traveling handle, to drive machine forwards.
10. For long - distance traveling, please rest for 5min every running for 20min, so as not to damage the traveling
motor.
11. Never try to cross over a slope of more than 15 degree, so as to avoid the machine from overturning.
12. Avoid any accidents occurring during machine reversing or slewing.
13. In work, do not completely dig the soil out of bottom of machine.
14. Avoid any collapse: never run on high dam or slope, which otherwise may have the machine collapsed or
sliding away, leading to severe accident.
15. Be careful of underground facilities: unexpected cutoff the underground cables or gas pipe may lead to
explosion, fire or even personal casualty.
16. Be careful of overhead facilities such as bridge: if work equipment or other parts collides with over-bridge or
others, it may result in personal injury; care must be taken to prevent the boom or the arm from colliding
with any elevated item.
17. Keep safe distance from overhead power line: in work around power line, do not have any part of machine or
any load move to 3m timed by 2 of away from the power insulation. Verify and abide by the local related
laws and rules. Wetland may have the range of electric shock enlarged. Therefore, the irrelative should be
kept away from work area.

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Chapter VI Maintenance of HT10 Excavators
Section I Daily inspection and maintenance
S/N
Item
Quantity
Interval (h)
Remark
10
50
Check the engine oil level in sump
1
★
Check the hydraulic oil level in hydraulic oil tank
1
★
Check the fuel level in tank
1
★
Check the oil-water separator to completely drain
any water or sediment out.
1
★
Check if the fuel pipe is leaked or cracked.
----
★
Check if the fuel pipe is cracked or bent.
----
★
Check the work equipment pivots
----
★
Check if the hydraulic hose and the pipeline leak
----
★
Check if the bucket teeth is worn or loosened.
4
★
Check the seatbelt
1
★
Check the bolts and nuts for tightening torque
----
●
Check the bolts and nuts for tightening torque
----
Aperiodically
Note: ★: Maintenance interval under normal conditions
● : Maintenance needed at the first inspection
◆ : Initial 100h