RP TEOM 1400a Series User manual

OPERAOPERA
OPERAOPERA
OPERATING MANUTING MANU
TING MANUTING MANU
TING MANUALAL
ALAL
AL
TEOMTEOM
TEOMTEOM
TEOM®®
®®
®SERIES 1400SERIES 1400
SERIES 1400SERIES 1400
SERIES 1400aa
aa
a
AMBIENT PAMBIENT P
AMBIENT PAMBIENT P
AMBIENT PARAR
ARAR
ARTICULATICULA
TICULATICULA
TICULATE (PM-10) MONITTE (PM-10) MONIT
TE (PM-10) MONITTE (PM-10) MONIT
TE (PM-10) MONITOROR
OROR
OR
(AB SERIAL NUMBERS)(AB SERIAL NUMBERS)
(AB SERIAL NUMBERS)(AB SERIAL NUMBERS)
(AB SERIAL NUMBERS)
May 1996
Revision B
R&P Part Number 42-003347
Rupprecht & Patashnick Co., Inc.
25 Corporate Circle
Albany, NY 12203 USA
phone [phone]
fax [phone]
the new micrthe new micr
the new micrthe new micr
the new microo
oo
oweighing technologyweighing technology
weighing technologyweighing technology
weighing technology

Operating Manual, Series 1400a Ambient Particulate (PM-10) Monitor
PAGE I
Revision B.001
Features of the Series 1400a Monitor
TheSeries1400amonitorincorporatestheTEOM®massmeasurementsystemforthe
continuous measurement of particulate mass concentration in ambient air with
unmatchedresolutionandprecision. Theinstrumentcontainsthefollowingadvanced
features:
• New mass transducer design provides improved mass resolution for
short-term measurements.
• Automatic measurement of ambient temperature and pressure to main-
tain a constant volumetric flow through the sample inlet.
• Instrument operation at 1, 2 or 3 l/min to provide time-resolved mass
measurementsinlocationsfromcleanbackgroundmonitoringstationsto
highly polluted urban areas.
• Internaldataloggingallowsforthestorageof5weeksofdatastoredevery
halfhourwith8datafieldsperrecord. Thiscircularbuffercanstoreeven
more than 5 weeks of information if data are stored less frequently or if
there are fewer than 8 fields per record.
• Three real-time analog outputs allow for straightforward connections to
data loggers or chart recorders. These outputs can be configured as 0-1,
0-2, 0-5 or 0-10 VDC. The monitor also contains two user-definable
contact closure circuits.
• The monitor contains two levels of password protection--low and high
lock. These can be used to restrict access to instrument functions.
• Advanced RS-232 support. This allows users at remote locations to
change instrument parameter settings as well as retrieve information
from the instrument. The RS-232 capabilities also allow the user to
download information stored in the internal data logger.
• Sevenbuilt-inanaloginputchannelswithconversiontoengineeringunits
and data averaging capability. This allows the user to collect and store
informationintheSeries1400amonitorgeneratedbyothermeasurement
devices.
• Support for the ACCUTM system through advanced software and hard-
ware features. The ACCU system is an intelligent sampler that gives the
user significant flexibility in the sampling of particulate and/or gases
through filters, filter packs or polyurethane (PUF) sampling modules.
✔ Built-in analog input
channels permit the monitor
to be used as a data logger.

Operating Manual, Series 1400a Ambient Particulate (PM-10) Monitor
PAGE II
Revision B.001
UU
UU
U.S..S.
.S..S.
.S. EPEP
EPEP
EPA DesignationA Designation
A DesignationA Designation
A Designation
Rupprecht & Patashnick TEOM®Series 1400 and 1400a PM-10 Monitors
EPA Designation No. EQPM-1090-079
The United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) has designated the
Rupprecht & Patashnick TEOM®Series 1400 and 1400a PM-10 Monitors as an
equivalentmethodfor the determination of 24-hour average PM-10concentrationsin
ambientair. For use asa designated equivalentmethod, the TEOM®Series 1400and
1400aPM-10MonitorsmustbeoperatedwithaRupprecht&PatashnickPM-10Inlet
(partnumber 00506-0000) ora Sierra-AndersenModel 246b PM-10inlet, a flowrate
of 16.7 liters/minute, teflon-coated glass fiber filter cartridges, the total mass averag-
ingtimesetat300seconds,themassrate/massconcentrationaveragingtimesetat300
seconds.
TheuseoftheRupprecht&Patashnick(R&P)PM-10inletwasapprovedbyU.S.EPA
on December 9, 1990.
On September 1, 1993 the U.S. EPA approved the operation of the Series 1400 and
1400a monitors on a case-by-case basis at lower temperature settings under winter-
timeconditions. Requeststothe U.S. EPA willbe consideredonacase-by-casebasis
under the provisions contained in Section 2.8 (Modifications of Methods by Users)
ofAppendix Cto 40CFR Part58. When granted,such approvalswill limituse ofthe
low temperature operation to periods during the wintertime months, when outdoor
temperatures exceed 25 °C no more than 5 percent of the time, and to monitoring
locations where the prevailing ambient PM-10 aerosol has, or is expected to have, a
significantcontribution fromvolatileorsemi-volatilecomponents. Therecommend-
ed set points for operation of the TEOM Series 1400 and 1400a PM-10 monitors at
the lower temperature as follows:
Enclosure Temperature: 25 °C
Case Temperature: 30 °C
Air Temperature: 30 °C
Cap Temperature: 0 °C (off)
A packet is available from R&P to assist agencies in applying for this user modifica-
tion.

Operating Manual, Series 1400a Ambient Particulate (PM-10) Monitor
PAGE III
Revision B.001
OnMarch 3,1994 the U.S.EPA approvedthe operation ofthe Series1400 and 1400a
monitorsatalternatemainflowratesof1and2l/mininadditiontothestandardsetting
of 3 l/min. The following main and auxiliary flow rates apply to the approved flow
rate settings:
3 l/min Main Flow 13.67 l/min Aux Flow No change to Flow Splitter
2 l/min Main Flow 14.67 l/min Aux Flow Use 2 l/min Adapter (36-001664)
1 l/min Main Flow 15.67 l/min Aux Flow Use 1 l/min Adapter (57-001297)
Whenoperating theinstrumentattheloweralternate flowsettings,replacereferences
tothe3l/minmainflowand16.67l/minauxiliaryflowwiththeactualflowratesused.
On October 24, 1995 the U.S. EPA approved the modification of the Series 1400a
monitor to include new features in units with serial numbers containing the “AB”
designation. These changes include, but are not limited to, the re-design of the mass
transducer, new layout of the control unit, inclusion of sensors for ambient tempera-
ture and pressure, and the use of mass flow controllers designed by Rupprecht &
Patashnick Co., Inc.
U.S. EPA Designation (continued)

Operating Manual, Series 1400a Ambient Particulate (PM-10) Monitor
PAGE IV
Revision B.001
ThisinstrumentationfromRupprecht&PatashnickCo.,Inc.(R&P)iscoveredbyone
ormoreofthefollowingpatents: U.S.PatentOffice3,926,271,4,391,338,4,696,181,
4,836,314; other European and Asian patents; also other U.S. and foreign patents
pending.
Thisdocumentationcontainstradesecretsandconfidentialinformationproprietaryto
R&P. The software supplied with the instrumentation, documentation and any
information contained therein may not be used, duplicated or disclosed to anyone, in
whole or in part, other than as authorized in a fully executed R&P End User License
or with the express written permission of R&P.
© 1989-1996 Rupprecht & Patashnick Co., Inc. All rights reserved throughout the
world.
TEOM®, TEOMPLUS®and the “rp” logo are registered trademarks of Rupprecht &
Patashnick Co., Inc. ACCUTM is a trademark of Rupprecht & Patashnick Co., Inc.
Other trademarks are the property of their respective holders.
Patents, Copyrights and Trademarks

Operating Manual, Series 1400a Ambient Particulate (PM-10) Monitor
PAGE V
Revision B.001
Repair of instrumentation manufactured by Rupprecht & Patashnick Co., Inc. (R&P)
should only be attempted by properly trained service personnel, and should only be
conducted in accordance with the R&P system documentation. Do not tamper with
this hardware. High voltages may be present in all instrument enclosures. Use
established safety precautions when working with this instrument.
The seller cannot foresee all possible modes of operation in which the user may
attempt to utilize this instrumentation. The user assumes all liability associated with
the use of this instrumentation. The seller further disclaims any responsibility for
consequential damages.
Safety Notice

Operating Manual, Series 1400a Ambient Particulate (PM-10) Monitor
PAGE VI
Revision B.001
Unless otherwise agreed upon in writing by authorized personnel of Rupprecht &
PatashnickCo.,Inc.(R&P)andthepurchaser,thefollowingwarrantyshallbeinforce
for equipment sold and operated in the United States of America.
R&PwarrantsthattheR&P-suppliedinstrumentshallbefreefromdefectsinmaterial
or workmanship for a period of seven hundred thirty (730) days after the date of
installationortwenty-four(24) months from shipment, whicheveris sooner. Subject
totheconditionsofthisprovision,R&Pagreestorepairorreplace,freeofcharge,any
componentsoftheequipmentfoundtobedefectiveinmaterialorworkmanshipduring
the warranty period. Purchaser shall notify R&P of any detected defects and shall
return any equipment believed to be defective to R&P, suitably insured and at the
purchaser’s expense. In the event R&P determines the equipment returned for
warranty correction is not defective within the terms of the warranty, purchaser shall
be responsible for all costs of handling and return transportation. R&P’s sole
responsibilityunder thewarranty shall be,at R&P’soption, to eitherrepair orreplace
any component that fails during the warranty period due to a defect in workmanship
and/ormaterial,providedpurchaserhaspromptlyreportedsametoR&PandR&Phas,
upon inspection, found such components to be defective.
Theabovewarrantyiscontingentupontheproperuseoftheequipment(i.e.,operation
andmaintenanceinaccordancewiththeproceduressetforthintheprovidedoperation
manual(s)) and does not cover equipment that has been modified without R&P’s
approval,orwhichhasbeensubjectedtoabuseorunusualphysicalorelectricalstress.
This warranty does not cover any ancillary equipment to the instrument beyond the
warranty period provided by the manufacturer of the component, and does not cover
parts considered to be consumable in nature, such as pump rebuild kits.
THE ABOVE IS A LIMITED WARRANTY AND IS THE ONLY WARRANTY
MADEBYR&P. R&PDISCLAIMSALLOTHERWARRANTIES,EXPRESSOR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING ALL WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE STATED EXPRESS WAR-
RANTY IS IN LIEU OF ALL LIABILITIES OR OBLIGATIONS OF R&P FOR
DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE DELIVERY
OR USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THE EQUIPMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
R&P BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, EXEMPLARY OR
INDIRECT DAMAGES EVEN IF IT HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBIL-
ITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
Warranty (U.S.)

Operating Manual, Series 1400a Ambient Particulate (PM-10) Monitor
PAGE VII
Revision B.001
Equipment Ratings
The following information can be used to determine the power service requirements
for the Series 1400/1400a monitors (not including the sampling pump).
Line Voltage
115 V ~ 60 Hz 1.0 Amp
230 V ~50 Hz 0.5 Amp
Thefollowingfuseratingsmustbeusedtoprotecttheinstrumentsattheselectedinput
voltage. When fuse replacement is necessary, replace with identical fuse types and
ratings.
Line Voltage Fuse Type Fuse Rating
115 V ~ 60 Hz Slow Blow 2A, 250 V
230 V ~ 50 Hz Slow Blow 1A, 250 V

Operating Manual, Series 1400a Ambient Particulate (PM-10) Monitor
PAGE VIII
Revision B.001
Electrical and Safety Conformity
The product has been tested by ETL Testing Laboratories, and has been documented
to be in compliance with the following U.S. and Canadian standards:
UL Standard 3101-1
CAN/CSA C22.2 NO. 1010.1
Rupprecht & Patashnick Co., Inc. certifies that this product operates in compliance
withtheECDirective89/336/EECinreferenceto electrical emissions and immunity.
Specifically, the equipment meets the requirements of EN55011 Group 1, Class B
(Emissions) and EN55082-1 (Immunity).
Inaddition,thehardwarehasbeentestedforpersonalorfiresafetyhazards,andmeets
the requirements of EN61010-1 (Safety) in fulfillment of EC Directive 73/23/EEC.

Operating Manual, Series 1400a Ambient Particulate (PM-10) Monitor
PAGE IX
Revision B.001
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION............................................................................1-1
1.1. Overview of Manual .................................................................1-1
1.2. Application Range of the Series 1400a Monitor ......................1-3
1.3. General System Configuration.................................................1-3
1.4. Overview of Operation .............................................................1-4
1.4.1. The Flow System..............................................................1-5
1.4.2. Mass Transducer Operation.............................................1-5
1.4.3. Mass Computation Methodology ......................................1-9
SECTION 2: SYSTEM INSTALLATION .................................................................2-1
2.1. Installation Considerations.......................................................2-1
2.2. Standard System Hardware.....................................................2-2
2.3. Installing the Control and Sensor Units ...................................2-3
2.4. Installing the Sampling System................................................2-8
2.5. Housing the Instrument Outdoors..........................................2-12
SECTION 3: SAMPLE FILTER INSTALLATION AND EXCHANGE ................................3-1
3.1. Filter Lifetime ........................................................................... 3-1
3.2. Filter Exchange........................................................................3-1
SECTION 4: SYSTEM OPERATION AND DATA STORAGE ......................................4-1
4.1. Turning the Instrument On and Off..........................................4-2
4.2. Information Shown on the Main Screen...................................4-3
4.2.1. Status Line on the Main Screen .......................................4-3
4.2.1.1. Status Condition .........................................................4-3
4.2.1.2. Operating Mode..........................................................4-7
4.2.1.3. Analog Output 1 Mode................................................4-8
4.2.1.4. Filter Loading..............................................................4-8
4.2.1.5. RS-232 Mode .............................................................4-8
4.2.1.6. Protection ...................................................................4-9
4.2.1.7. Time............................................................................4-9
4.2.2. Informational Lines on the Main Screen...........................4-9
4.3. When to Exchange TEOM Filter Cartridges ..........................4-11
4.4. Summary of Instrument Operation ........................................4-11
4.4.1. Re-initializing the Instrument ..........................................4-12
4.4.2. Stop All Command .........................................................4-12
4.5. Using the System Software ...................................................4-12
4.5.1. Keypads..........................................................................4-13
4.5.2. Positioning the Cursor ....................................................4-13
4.5.3. Screens ..........................................................................4-13
Table of Contents

Operating Manual, Series 1400a Ambient Particulate (PM-10) Monitor
PAGE X
Revision B.001
4.5.4. Display Command ..........................................................4-16
4.5.5. Units of Measure ............................................................4-17
4.5.6. Editing Values.................................................................4-17
4.5.7. No and Yes Keys............................................................4-18
4.5.8. Extended Function Key Commands...............................4-19
4.6. Setting Temperatures and Flow Rates .................................. 4-19
4.6.1. Average Temperature and Pressure Settings................4-21
4.7. Setting Other Hardware Parameters .....................................4-23
4.8. System Operation after Power Failure...................................4-25
4.9. Locking the Monitor ...............................................................4-25
4.10. Setting Time and Date ...........................................................4-27
4.11. Internal Data Logging ............................................................4-28
SECTION 5: ANALOG INPUTS AND OUTPUTS .....................................................5-1
5.1. Analog Output..........................................................................5-1
5.2. Contact Closure Circuits ..........................................................5-4
5.3. Analog Input.............................................................................5-6
SECTION 6: SERIAL OUTPUT AND TWO-WAY COMMUNICATION ...........................6-1
6.1. On-Line Printing.......................................................................6-3
6.2. Instrument Connection to a Computer or Modem ...................6-4
6.2.1. Connecting Directly to a Computer ..................................6-5
6.2.2. Connecting to a Computer Through a Modem................. 6-6
6.3. Downloading Storage to the RS-232 Port................................6-7
6.4. Two-Way RS-232 Protocols ....................................................6-8
6.5. TEOMCOMM Software..........................................................6-10
6.5.1 Loading TEOMCOMM Software onto a Hard Disk.........6-11
6.5.2. Running the TEOMCOMM Software ..............................6-11
6.5.3. Instrument Software Configuration.................................6-12
6.5.4. Setting the Station and Channel Numbers .....................6-13
6.5.5. Setting Communication Parameters...............................6-13
6.5.5.1. Baud Rate.................................................................6-14
6.5.5.2. Parity ........................................................................6-14
6.5.5.3. Data ..........................................................................6-15
6.5.5.4. Stop ..........................................................................6-15
6.5.5.5. Hardware Handshake...............................................6-15
6.5.5.6. Flow Control .............................................................6-15
6.5.5.7. Connection ...............................................................6-15
6.5.5.8. Com Port ..................................................................6-15
6.5.5.9. Phone .......................................................................6-16
6.5.6. Dialing a Number and Transmitting Special Codes........6-16
TT
TT
Tabab
abab
able of Contents (continle of Contents (contin
le of Contents (continle of Contents (contin
le of Contents (continued)ued)
ued)ued)
ued)

Operating Manual, Series 1400a Ambient Particulate (PM-10) Monitor
PAGE XI
Revision B.001
6.5.6.1. Dialing a Number......................................................6-16
6.5.6.2. Sending Header and Trailer Codes..........................6-17
6.5.7. TEOMCOMM Commands ..............................................6-17
6.5.7.1. Requesting the Value of a Register..........................6-18
6.5.7.2. Modifying the Value of a Register ............................6-18
6.5.7.3. Setting the Instrument Operating Mode ...................6-18
6.5.7.4. Downloading Storage ...............................................6-18
6.5.7.5. Setting the Storage Pointer ......................................6-19
6.5.7.6. Fast Storage Output .................................................6-20
6.5.7.7. Exit Program............................................................. 6-20
6.6. R&P Protocol .........................................................................6-21
6.7. AK Protocol............................................................................6-26
6.8. German Ambient Network Protocol ....................................... 6-34
SECTION 7: PERIODIC MAINTENANCE ..............................................................7-1
7.1. Overview of Maintenance Procedures.....................................7-1
7.2. Cleaning the PM-10 Inlet .........................................................7-2
7.3. Replacing the Large Bypass In-Line Filter...............................7-2
7.4. Replacing the Flow Controller Filters.......................................7-2
7.5. Cleaning the Air Inlet System ..................................................7-3
7.6. Leak Testing ............................................................................7-3
SECTION 8: SYSTEM CALIBRATION .................................................................8-1
8.1. Overview of Calibration Procedures ........................................8-1
8.2. Flow Controller Calibration (Software).....................................8-1
8.3. Procedures for Analog Calibration...........................................8-3
8.4 Flow Controller Calibration (Hardware)....................................8-6
8.5. Mass Transducer Calibration Verification ................................8-8
8.6. Flow Audit Procedure...............................................................8-9
8.7. Ambient Temperature Calibration.......................................... 8-11
8.8. Ambient Pressure Calibration ................................................8-11
SECTION 9: OPTIONAL ACCU SYSTEM ..........................................................9-1
9.1. Principle of Operation ..............................................................9-2
9.2. ACCU System Installation and Setup ......................................9-5
9.3. Cartridge Installation and Exchange........................................9-6
9.3.1. Cartridge Installation ........................................................ 9-6
9.3.2. Cartridge Exchange..........................................................9-7
9.4. ACCU System Maintenance ....................................................9-7
TT
TT
Tabab
abab
able of Contents (continle of Contents (contin
le of Contents (continle of Contents (contin
le of Contents (continued)ued)
ued)ued)
ued)

Operating Manual, Series 1400a Ambient Particulate (PM-10) Monitor
PAGE XII
Revision B.001
9.5. Viewing ACCU System Operation ...........................................9-8
9.6. Defining the ACCU Channels ..................................................9-9
9.6.1. ACCU Collection Criteria ................................................9-10
9.6.2. ACCU Programming by Time of Day .............................9-11
9.6.3. ACCU Programming by Specific Time/Date .................. 9-11
9.6.4. ACCU Programming by Concentration Level.................9-11
9.7. Advanced Sampling Modes ...................................................9-11
9.7.1. Episodic Sampling Using the ACCU System .................9-12
9.7.2. Triggered Sampling by Time ..........................................9-13
9.8. Resetting ACCU Channels ....................................................9-14
9.9. Installing the Optional ACCU Stand.......................................9-15
SECTION 10: OPTIONAL COMPLETE OUTDOOR ENCLOSURE..............................10-1
10.1. Installing the Control and Sensor Units .................................10-1
10.2. Installing the Sample Pump ...................................................10-2
10.3. Installing the Seal Plate .........................................................10-4
10.4. Adjusting the Air Conditioner .................................................10-7
10.5. Adjusting the Heater ..............................................................10-7
10.6. Maintenance ..........................................................................10-7
10.7. Installing Optional Sliding Shelf .............................................10-8
SECTION 11: VIEWING OPERATIONS WITH ACOMPUTER ..................................11-1
11.1. Connecting the PC to the Control Unit...................................11-1
11.2. Running the TEOMPLUS Software ....................................... 11-2
11.3. Basic TEOMPLUS Commands..............................................11-5
APPENDIX A: LISTING OF PROGRAM REGISTER CODES ..................................... A-1
APPENDIX B: SUMMARY OF INSTRUMENT SCREENS........................................... B-1
APPENDIX C: HARDWARE CONFIGURATION ...................................................... C-1
C.1. Hardware Switch Settings....................................................... C-1
C.2. Changing RS-232 Communication Parameters ..................... C-3
C.3. Resetting the Microprocessor System .................................... C-4
C.4. Tuning the Amplifier Board ..................................................... C-4
C.5. Checking and Replacing the Battery Backup ......................... C-6
C.5.1. Replacing the Battery Backup on a Revision B Board .... C-7
C.5.2. Replacing the Battery Backup on a Revision C Board .... C-7
C.6. Input/Output Connections ....................................................... C-8
TT
TT
Tabab
abab
able of Contents (continle of Contents (contin
le of Contents (continle of Contents (contin
le of Contents (continued)ued)
ued)ued)
ued)

Operating Manual, Series 1400a Ambient Particulate (PM-10) Monitor
PAGE XIII
Revision B.001
APPENDIX D: DOWNLOADING NEW SYSTEM SOFTWARE .................................... D-1
APPENDIX E: LISTING OF CONSUMABLES AND PARTS ........................................ E-1
E.1. Listing of Consumables .......................................................... E-1
E.2. Listing of System Components............................................... E-1
MAINTENANCE OF INLETS ...............................................................................F-1
F.1. Maintenance of R&P PM-10 Inlet ............................................F-1
F.2. Maintenance of R&P PM-2.5 and PM-1 Inlets .........................F-4
F.3. Maintenance of PM-2.5 In-Line ACCU Inlet.............................F-4
APPENDIX G: LISTING OF ASCII CODES ........................................................ G-1
APPENDIX H: COMMUNICATIONS QUICK START ................................................ H-1
INDEX ............................................................................................................. I
TT
TT
Tabab
abab
able of Contents (continle of Contents (contin
le of Contents (continle of Contents (contin
le of Contents (continued)ued)
ued)ued)
ued)

Operating Manual, Series 1400a Ambient Particulate (PM-10) Monitor
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION PAGE 1-1
Revision B.000
This manual describes the installation and operation of the TEOM Series 1400a
PM-10 Monitor. Follow the set-up instructions contained in Sections 2 and 3 of this
volume before applying power to the unit in the manner described in Section 4.
1.1. OVERVIEW OF MANUAL
ThisOperatingManualiscomposedofthepartsdescribedbelow. Thebasicoperation
of the instrument can be understood by reading Sections 2, 3 and 4.
Section 1: Introduction
ThisSectionprovidesanoverviewoftheTEOMSeries1400aPM-10Monitor,aswell
as the theory of operation of the instrument’s patented mass transducer.
Section 2: System Installation
ThisSectiondescribesthemannerinwhichthesystemhardwareissetup. Inaddition,
it provides guidance for optimizing the performance of the device.
Section 3: Sample Filter Installation and Exchange
A TEOM filter cartridge must be installed in the system before the unit is turned on.
This Section explains the steps required to install and exchange filter cartridges.
Section 4: System Operation and Data Storage
This Section provides detailed instructions for the operation of the Series 1400a
monitor. It explains the basic data viewing and editing capabilities of the instrument,
the circumstances under which the TEOM filter cartridge should be exchanged, and
it explains the instrument's status conditions. The data storage capabilities of the
internal data logger are also discussed.
Section 5: Analog Inputs and Outputs
ThisSectiondescribes the useofthe monitor's 3analogoutput channels, aswellasits
analog input capability. It also details use of the user-definable contact closures
incorporated in the Series 1400a system.
Section 6: Serial Output and Two-Way Communication
This Section documents the RS-232 capabilities of the instrument for downloading
information to a serial printer, serial data logger, or a computer. The discussion also
describes the monitor's two-way communication support.
Section 7: Periodic Maintenance
This Section sets forth the routine maintenance procedures involved in operating the
Series 1400a monitor.
Section 1: Introduction
✔Follow the instructions in
Sections 2 and 3 before
powering up the monitor in
accordance with Section 4.
✔Appendix H contains
abbreviated instructions for
setting up two-way RS-232
communications.

Operating Manual, Series 1400a Ambient Particulate (PM-10) Monitor
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION PAGE 1-2
Revision B.000
Section 8: System Calibration
This Section details the methodology for calibrating the instrument’s analog inputs
and outputs, flow controllers, and for confirming the setting of the mass transducer.
Section 9: Optional ACCU System
This Section sets forth the installation and operation instructions for the ACCU
system.
Section 10: Optional Complete Outdoor Enclosure
This Section describes the set up and operation of the Complete Outdoor Enclosure,
an air conditioned and heated instrument enclosure that houses the Series 1400a
monitor and optional data logging hardware.
Section 11: Viewing Operations with a Computer
This Section describes the IBM® AT®-based software provided with the monitor for
viewing the operation of the instrument in setup and diagnostic procedures.
Appendix A: Listing of Program Register Codes
This Appendix lists the code assignments for system variables (Program Register
Codes) used to define the operation of the instrument.
Appendix B: Summary of Instrument Screens
This Appendix shows the screens that appear on the four-line display of the Series
1400a monitor.
Appendix C: Hardware Configuration
This Appendix contains detailed information on the hardware configuration of the
Series1400amonitor. Italsodescribesthepin-outsoftheconnectorsandcablesused
in the system. A more-detailed description of the system hardware, including wiring
diagrams, can be found in the Service Manual for the Series 1400a monitor.
Appendix D: Downloading New System Software
This Appendix describes the manner in which new revisions of the system software
are downloaded into the Series 1400a monitor from an IBM AT-compatible personal
computer.
Appendix E: Listing of Consumables and Parts
This Appendix calls out the consumables used in the Series 1400a monitor. A listing
of spare part numbers is also provided.
Appendix F: Maintenance of Inlets
ThisAppendixprovidesdetailedmaintenanceguidelinesfortheR&PPM-10,PM-2.5
and PM-1 inlets, as well as the ACCU In-Line 2.5 µm Inlet.
✔Program Register Codes
(PRC) are used to define
many aspects of the
instrument's operation.

Operating Manual, Series 1400a Ambient Particulate (PM-10) Monitor
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION PAGE 1-3
Revision B.000
Appendix G: Listing of ASCII Codes
ThisAppendixcontainsalistoftheprincipalASCIIcodesthatmaybeusedforsetting
up the instrument's RS-232 communcations protocol.
Appendix H: Communications Quick Start
This Appendix provides condensed instructions for connecting a personal computer
to the Series 1400a monitor for RS-232 communications.
1.2. APPLICATION RANGE OF THE SERIES 1400AMONITOR
The TEOM Series 1400a PM-10 Monitor is a real-time device for measuring the
particulate concentration of particulate smaller than 10 µm diameter in outdoor and
indoor ambient air, as well as for other particle size cut points. TEOM instruments
aretheonlyfilter-basedmassmonitorsthatmeasurethemassofparticulatesuspended
in gas streams in real time. This is made possible by a highly sensitive, yet rugged
inertial mass transducer patented in the U.S. and internationally by Rupprecht &
Patashnick Co., Inc. The monitor is ideally suited for applications demanding real-
timeambient airparticulatemonitoringinoutdoor,indoor orindustrialsettings. Inits
most common configuration, it calculates mass concentration, mass rate and the total
mass accumulation on the TEOM filter cartridge under the following conditions:
Flow Rate Through Sample Inlet 16.7 l/min (1 m3/hr)
Main Flow Rate 3 l/min
Temperature of Sample Stream 50 °C
Particulate Concentration less than 5 µg/m3to several g/m3
The Series 1400a monitor uses the Rupprecht & Patashnick PM-10 Inlet to perform
a 10 µm particle size cut-off. When fitted with a total suspended particulate (TSP)
inletdesignedfor1m3/hoperationinsteadofthePM-10inlet,theinstrumentfunctions
as a TSP monitor. Other inlets are available from R&P for PM-2.5 and PM-1
monitoring.
1.3. GENERAL SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
The Series 1400a monitor (Figure 1-1) is composed of two major components: the
TEOM Sensor Unit and TEOM Control Unit. The system’s sample inlet and flow
splittinghardware,whicharediscussedinalaterSection,arenotshowninthisFigure.
System parameters are entered by the user from the keypad on the front of the control
unit. Additionally, the system is furnished with software for IBM AT-compatible
personal computers to view the operation of the instrument in real time, and to allow

Operating Manual, Series 1400a Ambient Particulate (PM-10) Monitor
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION PAGE 1-4
Revision B.000
for the optional entry of system values from the computer. The instrument does not
require a dedicated computer to function in the field.
The sensor unit contains the mass measurement hardware that allows for the
continuous monitoring of accumulated mass on the system’s exchangeable filter
cartridge. Bymaintainingaflowrateof3l/minthroughtheinstrumentandmeasuring
the total mass accumulated on the filter cartridge, the device can calculate the mass
concentration of the sample stream in real time.
Thecontrolunithousesanindustrially-hardenedmicroprocessorsystem,flowcontrol
hardware,agauge to determinefilterlifetime,transformers and powersupplies. This
part of the device is mountable in a 19-inch rack for convenient installation.
1.4. OVERVIEW OF OPERATION
TheTEOMSeries1400aPM-10Monitorisatrue“gravimetric”instrumentthatdraws
ambientairthroughafilterataconstantflowrate,continuouslyweighingthefilterand
calculating near real-time (10 minute) mass concentrations. In addition, the instru-
ment computes the total mass accumulation on the collection filter, as well as
30-minute, 1-hour, 8-hour and 24-hour averages of the mass concentration. The use
of a hydrophobic filter material, along with sample collection at above-ambient
temperature(50°C),eliminatesthenecessityforhumidityequilibration. Bothanalog
andRS-232outputsareavailabletotransmitthemeasurementstoauser’sdatasystem.
The instrument's internal storage buffer can store a large amount of data for later
viewing on the instrument display or downloading over the RS-232 output.
When the instrument samples, the ambient sample stream first
passes through the PM-10 inlet. At its design flow rate of 16.7
l/min, this inlet passes through particles smaller than 10 µm
diameter. At the exit of the PM-10 inlet the 16.7 l/min flow is
isokineticallysplitintoa3l/minsamplestreamthatissenttothe
instrument’s mass transducer and a 13.7 l/min exhaust stream.
Insidethemasstransducerthissampleairstreampassesthrough
a filter made of Teflon®-coated borosilicate glass. This filter is
weighedeverytwoseconds. Thedifferencebetweenthefilter’s
current weight and the filter’s initial weight (as automatically
measured by the instrument after the installation of the filter)
gives the total mass of the collected particulate. These instan-
taneousreadingsoftotalmassarethensmoothedexponentially
(using a selectable time constant) to reduce noise.
Next, the mass rate is calculated by taking the increase in the
Figure 1-1. Major System
Components. Control Unit
on Left and Sensor Unit on
Right.
✔A mass transducer in
the sensor unit measures
the particulate mass
collected on the sample
filter in real time.

Operating Manual, Series 1400a Ambient Particulate (PM-10) Monitor
SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION PAGE 1-5
Revision B.000
smoothed total mass between the current reading and the immediately preceding one
and expressing this as a mass rate in g/sec. This mass rate is also smoothed
exponentially to reduce noise. Finally, the mass concentration in µg/m3is computed
bydividingthe mass rate by the flow rate(correctedtoEPAstandardtemperatureand
pressure and expressed in m3/sec), and then multiplying the result by 106to convert
from g/m3to µg/m3.
Internaltemperatures in theinstrumentare controlledinorder to minimizethe effects
of changing ambient conditions. The sample stream is preheated to 50 °C before
enteringthemasstransducersothatthesamplefilteralwayscollectsunderconditions
of very low (and therefore relatively constant) humidity. All measurement and
temperature functions of the instrument are controlled by a dedicated industrial
quality microcontroller. This computer has both digital and analog capability for
multi-purpose interfacing with external data collection systems. The instrument’s
rack-mountable control unit has a scrollable four-line display that shows the current
values of computed data.
1.4.1. THE FLOW SYSTEM
Figure 1-2 is a schematic diagram showing the flow of the sample stream through the
Series 1400a monitor. The particle size separation at 10 µm diameter takes place as
thesampleproceedsthroughthePM-10inlet. Theflowsplitterseparatesthetotalflow
(16.7 l/min) into two parts: a main flow of 3 l/min that enters the sensor unit through
the sample tube, and the auxiliary (bypass) flow of 13.7 l/min. The main flow passes
through the exchangeable filter in the mass transducer, and then proceeds through an
air tube and in-line filter to a mass flow controller. The bypass flow is filtered in the
largebypassin-linefilterbeforeitentersasecondmassflowcontroller. Asinglepump
provides the vacuum necessary to draw the sample stream through the system.
1.4.2. MASS TRANSDUCER OPERATION
TheweighingprincipleusedintheTEOMmasstransducerisfundamentallydifferent
from that on which most other weighing devices are based.
Thetapered element atthe heart ofthe mass detectionsystem (Figure 1-3)is a hollow
tube, clamped on one end and free to vibrate at the other. An exchangeable filter
cartridge is placed over the tip of the free end. The sample stream is drawn through
this filter, and then down the tapered element. This flow is maintained at a constant
volume by a mass flow controller that is corrected for local temperature and
barometric pressure.
The tapered element vibrates precisely at its natural frequency, much like the tine of
✔The patented tapered
element enables the high-
resolution measurement of
particle mass collected on
the sample filter.