Seattle Avionics Merlin ADS-B User manual

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© 2017 Seattle Avionics, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission of Seattle
Avionics, Inc.
FlyQ EFB is a registered trademark of Seattle Avionics, Inc. Merlin ADS-B
is a trademark of Seattle Avionics, Inc.ForeFlight is a trademark of
ForeFlight, LLC. Seattle Avionics and ForeFlight have no business
agreement or relationship and ForeFlight has not endorsed or approved
using the Merlin with their products.!

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Preface'...........................................................................................'2!
Setup'..............................................................................................'4!
>(-#((6%!*******************************************************************************************!\!
5'<#$!************************************************************************************************!]!
^-H#$!8'((#C-'$%!******************************************************************************!1!
^$&#(-6-&'(!****************************************************************************************!4!
Using'the'Merlin'with'FlyQ'EFB'............................................'9!
8'((#C-!-'!S:;T!USA!**************************************************************************!_!
X$6LL&C!**********************************************************************************************!)3!
ADS-B(Traffic(Limitations(............................................................(11!
X$6LL&C!?&%,:6;!**********************************************************************************!)N!
Relative(Altitude(and(Climbing(or(Descending(............................(14!
Two-Minute(Line(.........................................................................(14!
Threat-level(Color(Coding(............................................................(14!
15(NM(Ring(.................................................................................(15!
Traffic(Filter(.................................................................................(16!
I#6-H#$!?&%,:6;!******************************************************************************!)4!
ADS-B(or(Internet(........................................................................(17!
On(the(Map(.................................................................................(18!
For(an(Airport(..............................................................................(20!
Nearby(Weather(..........................................................................(21!
Graphical(Wind(Optimizer(...........................................................(21!
+-6-9%!F(G&C6-'$%!******************************************************************************!0N!
GPS(..............................................................................................(24!
Weather(......................................................................................(25!
ADS-B(..........................................................................................(26!
Optimizing'the'Merlin'for'ForeFlight™'.............................'27!
Customizing'the'Stratux'Software'......................................'28!
Maintenance'..............................................................................'30!
! !

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