Tektronix LE160 User manual

Tektronix LE160 & LE320
Linear Equalizers
Instruction Manual
*P077088303*
077088303
Warning
The servicing instructions are for use by qualified personnel only. To avoid
personal injury, do not perform any servicing unless you are qualified to do
so. Refer to all safety summaries prior to performing service.
Revision A, October 10, 2016

Copyright © Tektronix. All rights reserved. Licensed software products are owned by Tektronix or its subsidiaries
or suppliers, and are protected by national copyright laws and international treaty provisions. Tektronix products
are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supersedes that in all
previously published material. Specifications and price change privileges reserved.
TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc.
Some software and firmware in this product is copyrighted as follows:
CException - Copyright (c) 2007 Mark VanderVoord
LPCOpen - Copyright(C) NXP Semiconductors, 2012
FreeRTOS - V7.5.2 - Copyright (C) 2013 Real Time Engineers Ltd.
ZedGraph - Copyright © 2006 Jerry Vos & John Champion
ColorSlider - Copyright © Michał Bryłka 2007
Contacting Tektronix
Tektronix, Inc.
14150 SW Karl Braun Drive
P.O. Box 500
Beaverton, OR 97077
USA
For product information, sales, service, and technical support:
■In North America, call 1-800-833-9200.
■Worldwide, visit www.tek.com to find contacts in your area.

Table of Contents
Important safety information ............................................................................................................. vii
General safety summary ............................................................................................................... vii
Service safety summary ................................................................................................................. ix
Terms in the manual ....................................................................................................................... x
Terms on the product ...................................................................................................................... x
Symbols on the product .................................................................................................................. x
Compliance Information ..................................................................................................................... xi
EMC compliance ........................................................................................................................... xi
Safety compliance ........................................................................................................................ xii
Environmental compliance .......................................................................................................... xiii
Preface ............................................................................................................................................... xv
Getting started
Product description ......................................................................................................................... 1
Key features .................................................................................................................................... 2
Standard accessories ....................................................................................................................... 2
Instrument options .......................................................................................................................... 3
Installation ...................................................................................................................................... 3
Site considerations .......................................................................................................................... 3
Operating requirements .................................................................................................................. 4
Preventing electrostatic discharge (ESD) ....................................................................................... 4
Configuration .................................................................................................................................. 5
Download the LE application software .......................................................................................... 6
Incoming inspection and first-time operation ................................................................................. 6
Power on the instrument ............................................................................................................ 6
Power off the instrument ........................................................................................................... 7
Operating basics
Instrument connections ................................................................................................................... 9
Top view .................................................................................................................................... 9
Side view ................................................................................................................................. 11
User interface ................................................................................................................................ 12
Connect view ........................................................................................................................... 12
Common controls .................................................................................................................... 14
Individual tap controls ............................................................................................................. 17
Frequency response graphs ..................................................................................................... 18
Tektronix LE160 & LE320 Instruction Manual i

4-Tap operating mode ............................................................................................................. 19
9-Tap operating mode ............................................................................................................. 21
Raw 9-Tap operating mode ..................................................................................................... 22
SPM - S-Parameter Modeler operating mode ......................................................................... 23
CDS-Channel Designer operating mode ................................................................................. 25
Specifications
Maintenance
User service information .............................................................................................................. 31
Service offerings ........................................................................................................................... 31
Inspection and cleaning ................................................................................................................ 32
General care ............................................................................................................................. 32
Preventive maintenance ........................................................................................................... 32
Repack the instrument for shipment ............................................................................................. 33
Troubleshooting information ........................................................................................................ 33
Check for common problems .................................................................................................. 33
Appendix A - LE160/LE320 software license upgrade information
Upgrade the software license on the instrument ........................................................................... 35
Verify the license information for the upgrade ............................................................................ 39
Appendix B - Theory of operation
Block diagram ............................................................................................................................... 41
Operating modes ........................................................................................................................... 42
Appendix - C Remote control guidelines and commands
General guidance .......................................................................................................................... 45
Command reference overview ...................................................................................................... 47
Connection commands ................................................................................................................. 49
PI_connect (Command only) ................................................................................................... 49
PI_conn_avail_Q (Query only) ............................................................................................... 50
PI_conn_power ........................................................................................................................ 51
PI_conn_refresh ....................................................................................................................... 51
PI_disconnect_all (Command only) ........................................................................................ 52
Table of Contents
ii Tektronix LE160 & LE320 Instruction Manual

Mode commands ........................................................................................................................... 53
PI_mode ................................................................................................................................... 53
4-Tap commands .......................................................................................................................... 54
PI_tap4_agc_gain .................................................................................................................... 55
PI_tap4_agc_lev ...................................................................................................................... 56
PI_tap4_agc_state .................................................................................................................... 57
PI_tap4_deemph ...................................................................................................................... 58
PI_tap4_emu_rate .................................................................................................................... 58
PI_tap4_offs_state ................................................................................................................... 59
PI_tap4_offs_val ..................................................................................................................... 60
PI_tap4_out_amp ..................................................................................................................... 61
PI_tap4_out_cal_Q (Query only) ............................................................................................ 62
PI_tap4_out_enable ................................................................................................................. 63
PI_tap4_preshoot ..................................................................................................................... 63
PI_tap4_statefile_load (Command only) ................................................................................. 64
PI_tap4_statefile_save (Command only) ................................................................................ 64
PI_tap4_tap_enable ................................................................................................................. 65
PI_tap4_tap_enable_all ........................................................................................................... 65
PI_tap4_tap_val ....................................................................................................................... 66
9-Tap commands .......................................................................................................................... 67
PI_tap9_agc_gain .................................................................................................................... 68
PI_tap9_agc_lev ...................................................................................................................... 69
PI_tap9_agc_state .................................................................................................................... 70
PI_tap9_offs_state ................................................................................................................... 71
PI_tap9_offs_val ..................................................................................................................... 72
PI_tap9_out_amp ..................................................................................................................... 73
PI_tap9_out_cal_Q (Query only) ............................................................................................ 74
PI_tap9_out_enable ................................................................................................................. 75
PI_tap9_statefile_load (Command only) ................................................................................. 75
PI_tap9_statefile_save (Command only) ................................................................................ 76
PI_tap9_tap_enable ................................................................................................................. 76
PI_tap9_tap_enable_all ........................................................................................................... 77
PI_tap9_tap_val ....................................................................................................................... 78
Raw 9-Tap Commands ................................................................................................................. 79
PI_tap9R_agc_gain ................................................................................................................. 80
PI_tap9R_agc_lev ................................................................................................................... 81
PI_tap9R_agc_state ................................................................................................................. 82
PI_tap9R_offs_state ................................................................................................................ 83
PI_tap9R_offs_val ................................................................................................................... 84
Table of Contents
Tektronix LE160 & LE320 Instruction Manual iii

PI_tap9R_out_amp .................................................................................................................. 85
PI_tap9R_out_enable .............................................................................................................. 85
PI_tap9R_statefile_load (Command only) .............................................................................. 86
PI_tap9R_statefile_save (Command only) .............................................................................. 86
PI_tap9R_tap_enable ............................................................................................................... 87
PI_tap9R_tap_enable_all ......................................................................................................... 87
PI_tap9R_tap_val .................................................................................................................... 88
SPM Commands ........................................................................................................................... 89
PI_spm_agc_gain .................................................................................................................... 90
PI_spm_agc_lev ...................................................................................................................... 91
PI_spm_agc_state .................................................................................................................... 92
PI_spm_emu_cutoff ................................................................................................................ 93
PI_spm_emu_rolloff ................................................................................................................ 94
PI_spm_enable_reldelay ......................................................................................................... 95
PI_spm_process ....................................................................................................................... 96
PI_spm_offs_state ................................................................................................................... 96
PI_spm_offs_val ...................................................................................................................... 97
PI_spm_out_amp ..................................................................................................................... 98
PI_spm_out_cal_Q .................................................................................................................. 99
PI_spm_out_enable ............................................................................................................... 100
PI_spm_reldelay .................................................................................................................... 100
PI_spm_set_spmfile (Command only) .................................................................................. 101
PI_spm_statefile_load (Command only) ............................................................................... 102
PI_spm_statefile_save (Command only) ............................................................................... 102
CDS Commands ......................................................................................................................... 103
PI_cds_add_pole (Command only) ....................................................................................... 104
PI_cds_add_zero (Command only) ....................................................................................... 105
PI_cds_agc_gain .................................................................................................................... 106
PI_cds_agc_lev ...................................................................................................................... 107
PI_cds_agc_state ................................................................................................................... 108
PI_cds_emu_cutoff ................................................................................................................ 109
PI_cds_emu_rolloff ............................................................................................................... 109
PI_cds_enable_reldelay ......................................................................................................... 110
PI_cds_reldelay ..................................................................................................................... 111
PI_cds_offs_state ................................................................................................................... 111
PI_cds_offs_val ..................................................................................................................... 112
PI_cds_out_amp .................................................................................................................... 113
PI_cds_out_cal_Q (Query only) ............................................................................................ 114
PI_cds_out_enable ................................................................................................................. 114
Table of Contents
iv Tektronix LE160 & LE320 Instruction Manual

PI_cds_pz_clear (Command only) ........................................................................................ 115
PI_cds_pz_process (Command only) .................................................................................... 116
PI_cds_statefile_load (Command only) ................................................................................ 116
PI_cds_statefile_save (Command only) ................................................................................ 117
Table of Contents
Tektronix LE160 & LE320 Instruction Manual v

Table of Contents
vi Tektronix LE160 & LE320 Instruction Manual

Important safety information
This manual contains information and warnings that must be followed by the user
for safe operation and to keep the product in a safe condition.
To safely perform service on this product, see the Service safety summary that
follows the General safety summary.
General safety summary
Use the product only as specified. Review the following safety precautions to
avoid injury and prevent damage to this product or any products connected to it.
Carefully read all instructions. Retain these instructions for future reference.
Comply with local and national safety codes.
For correct and safe operation of the product, it is essential that you follow
generally accepted safety procedures in addition to the safety precautions
specified in this manual.
The product is designed to be used by trained personnel only.
Only qualified personnel who are aware of the hazards involved should remove
the cover for repair, maintenance, or adjustment.
This product is not intended for detection of hazardous voltages.
While using this product, you may need to access other parts of a larger system.
Read the safety sections of the other component manuals for warnings and
cautions related to operating the system.
When incorporating this equipment into a system, the safety of that system is the
responsibility of the assembler of the system.
Tektronix LE160 & LE320 Instruction Manual vii

To avoid fire or personal
injury Use proper power cord. Use only the power cord specified for this product and
certified for the country of use. Do not use the provided power cord for other
products.
Ground the product. This product is grounded through the grounding conductor of
the power cord. To avoid electric shock, the grounding conductor must be
connected to earth ground. Before making connections to the input or output
terminals of the product, ensure that the product is properly grounded. Do not
disable the power cord grounding connection.
Power disconnect. The power cord disconnects the product from the power
source. See instructions for the location. Do not position the equipment so that it
is difficult to operate the power cord; it must remain accessible to the user at all
times to allow for quick disconnection if needed.
Use proper AC adapter. Use only the AC adapter specified for this product.
Observe all terminal ratings. To avoid fire or shock hazard, observe all rating and
markings on the product. Consult the product manual for further ratings
information before making connections to the product.
Do not apply a potential to any terminal, including the common terminal, that
exceeds the maximum rating of that terminal.
Do not float the common terminal above the rated voltage for that terminal.
The measurement terminals on this product are not rated for connection to mains
or Category II, III, or IV circuits.
Do not operate with suspected failures. If you suspect that there is damage to this
product, have it inspected by qualified service personnel.
Disable the product if it is damaged. Do not use the product if it is damaged or
operates incorrectly. If in doubt about safety of the product, turn it off and
disconnect the power cord. Clearly mark the product to prevent its further
operation.
Examine the exterior of the product before you use it. Look for cracks or missing
pieces.
Use only specified replacement parts.
Use proper fuse. Use only the fuse type and rating specified for this product.
Wear eye protection. Wear eye protection if exposure to high-intensity rays or
laser radiation exists.
Do not operate in wet/damp conditions. Be aware that condensation may occur if a
unit is moved from a cold to a warm environment.
Do not operate in an explosive atmosphere.
Keep product surfaces clean and dry. Remove the input signals before you clean
the product.
Provide proper ventilation. Refer to the manual's installation instructions for
details on installing the product so it has proper ventilation.
Slots and openings are provided for ventilation and should never be covered or
otherwise obstructed. Do not push objects into any of the openings.
Important safety information
viii Tektronix LE160 & LE320 Instruction Manual

Provide a safe working environment. Always place the product in a location
convenient for viewing the display and indicators.
Avoid improper or prolonged use of keyboards, pointers, and button pads.
Improper or prolonged keyboard or pointer use may result in serious injury.
Be sure your work area meets applicable ergonomic standards. Consult with an
ergonomics professional to avoid stress injuries.
Service safety summary
The Service safety summary section contains additional information required to
safely perform service on the product. Only qualified personnel should perform
service procedures. Read this Service safety summary and the General safety
summary before performing any service procedures.
To avoid electric shock. Do not touch exposed connections.
Do not service alone. Do not perform internal service or adjustments of this
product unless another person capable of rendering first aid and resuscitation is
present.
Disconnect power. To avoid electric shock, switch off the product power and
disconnect the power cord from the mains power before removing any covers or
panels, or opening the case for servicing.
Use care when servicing with power on. Dangerous voltages or currents may exist
in this product. Disconnect power, remove battery (if applicable), and disconnect
test leads before removing protective panels, soldering, or replacing components.
Verify safety after repair. Always recheck ground continuity and mains dielectric
strength after performing a repair.
Important safety information
Tektronix LE160 & LE320 Instruction Manual ix

Terms in the manual
These terms may appear in this manual:
WARNING. Warning statements identify conditions or practices that could result
in injury or loss of life.
CAUTION. Caution statements identify conditions or practices that could result in
damage to this product or other property.
Terms on the product
These terms may appear on the product:
■DANGER indicates an injury hazard immediately accessible as you read the
marking.
■WARNING indicates an injury hazard not immediately accessible as you
read the marking.
■CAUTION indicates a hazard to property including the product.
Symbols on the product
When this symbol is marked on the product, be sure to consult the
manual to find out the nature of the potential hazards and any actions
which have to be taken to avoid them. (This symbol may also be used
to refer the user to ratings in the manual.)
The following symbols may appear on the product:
Important safety information
x Tektronix LE160 & LE320 Instruction Manual

Compliance Information
This section lists the EMC (electromagnetic compliance), safety, and
environmental standards with which the instrument complies.
EMC compliance
EC Declaration of
Conformity – EMC
Meets intent of Directive 2004/108/EC for Electromagnetic Compatibility.
Compliance was demonstrated to the following specifications as listed in the
Official Journal of the European Communities:
EN 61326-1. EMC requirements for electrical equipment for measurement,
control, and laboratory use. 1 2 3
■CISPR 11. Radiated and conducted emissions, Group 1, Class A
■IEC 61000-4-2. Electrostatic discharge immunity
■IEC 61000-4-3. RF electromagnetic field immunity
■IEC 61000-4-4. Electrical fast transient / burst immunity
■IEC 61000-4-5. Power line surge immunity
■IEC 61000-4-6. Conducted RF immunity
■IEC 61000-4-11. Voltage dips and interruptions immunity
IEC 61000-4-8. Power frequency magnetic field immunity test. EN 61000-3-2
EN 61000-3-3. Voltage changes, fluctuations, and flicker
Mfr. Compliance Contact.
Tektronix, Inc. PO Box 500, MS 19‐045
Beaverton, OR 97077, USA
www.tek.com
1This product is intended for use in nonresidential areas only. Use in residential areas may cause electromagnetic
interference.
2Emissions which exceed the levels required by this standard may occur when this equipment is connected to a test
object.
3For compliance with the EMC standards listed here, high quality shielded interface cables should be used.
Tektronix LE160 & LE320 Instruction Manual xi

Australia / New Zealand
Declaration of Conformity
– EMC
Complies with the EMC provision of the Radiocommunications Act per the
following standard, in accordance with ACMA:
■CISPR 11. Radiated and conducted emissions, Group 1, Class A, in
accordance with EN 61326-1.
Safety compliance
This section list the safety compliance information.
Equipment type Test and measuring equipment.
Safety class Class 1 – grounded product.
Pollution degree
description
A measure of the contaminants that could occur in the environment around and
within a product. Typically the internal environment inside a product is
considered to be the same as the external. Products should be used only in the
environment for which they are rated.
■Pollution Degree 1. No pollution or only dry, nonconductive pollution
occurs. Products in this category are generally encapsulated, hermetically
sealed, or located in clean rooms.
■Pollution Degree 2. Normally only dry, nonconductive pollution occurs.
Occasionally a temporary conductivity that is caused by condensation must
be expected. This location is a typical office/home environment. Temporary
condensation occurs only when the product is out of service.
■Pollution Degree 3. Conductive pollution, or dry, nonconductive pollution
that becomes conductive due to condensation. These are sheltered locations
where neither temperature nor humidity is controlled. The area is protected
from direct sunshine, rain, or direct wind.
■Pollution Degree 4. Pollution that generates persistent conductivity through
conductive dust, rain, or snow. Typical outdoor locations.
Compliance Information
xii Tektronix LE160 & LE320 Instruction Manual

Pollution degree Pollution Degree 2 (as defined in IEC 61010-1). Note: Rated for indoor, dry
location use only.
Measurement and
overvoltage category
descriptions
Measurement terminals on this product may be rated for measuring mains
voltages from one or more of the following categories (see specific ratings
marked on the product and in the manual).
■Measurement Category II. For measurements performed on circuits directly
connected to the low-voltage installation.
■Measurement Category III. For measurements performed in the building
installation.
■Measurement Category IV. For measurements performed at the source of
low-voltage installation.
NOTE. Only mains power supply circuits have an overvoltage category rating.
Only measurement circuits have a measurement category rating. Other circuits
within the product do not have either rating.
Mains overvoltage
category rating
Overvoltage Category II (as defined in IEC 61010-1)
Environmental compliance
This section provides information about the environmental impact of the product.
Product end-of-life
handling
Observe the following guidelines when recycling an instrument or component:
Equipment recycling. Production of this equipment required the extraction and use
of natural resources. The equipment may contain substances that could be
harmful to the environment or human health if improperly handled at the
product’s end of life. To avoid release of such substances into the environment
and to reduce the use of natural resources, we encourage you to recycle this
product in an appropriate system that will ensure that most of the materials are
reused or recycled appropriately.
This symbol indicates that this product complies with the applicable
European Union requirements according to Directives 2012/19/EU
and 2006/66/EC on waste electrical and electronic equipment
(WEEE) and batteries. For information about recycling options,
check the Tektronix Web site (www.tek.com/productrecycling).
Compliance Information
Tektronix LE160 & LE320 Instruction Manual xiii

Restriction of hazardous
substances
This product is classified as an industrial monitoring and control instrument, and
is not required to comply with the substance restrictions of the recast RoHS
Directive 2011/65/EU until July 22, 2017.
Compliance Information
xiv Tektronix LE160 & LE320 Instruction Manual

Preface
The LE160 and LE320 linear equalizers support signal equalization on data rates
from 8 Gbps to 32 Gbps with 29 dB automatic or manual gain control. The linear
equalizers can be used as a stand-alone instrument with a host computer or can be
used as part of a Tektronix BERTScope configuration.
Documentation
The following documentation is available to support your linear equalizer:
■LE160 & LE320 Quick Reference Installation Instructions (Tektronix part
number, 071-3222-xx). Printed instructions shipped with each instrument
providing high-level installation information.
■LE160 & LE320 Linear Equalizer Instruction Manual (Tektronix part
number, 077-0883-xx). This manual, PDF-only. This document provides
high-level information for using and maintaining the linear equalizer.
■LE160 & LE320 Linear Equalizer Declassification & Security Instructions
(Tektronix part number, 077-0882-xx) PDF only. This document provides
instructions to declassify or sanitize your instrument.
■LE160 & LE320 Linear Equalizer Product Specification and Performance
Verification Technical Reference Manual (Tektronix part number 077-0884-
xx). This manual lists the product specifications and provides procedures to
verify instrument performance.
Tektronix LE160 & LE320 Instruction Manual xv

Preface
xvi Tektronix LE160 & LE320 Instruction Manual

Getting started
Product description
The LE160 and LE320 Linear Equalizers are intended for use with Tektronix
BERTScope instruments and performance oscilloscopes up to 32 Gb/s. The linear
equalizers are remotely controlled by an external host PC or a Tektronix
BERTScope through a USB 2.0 connection.
The LE160 Linear Equalizer operates at rates up to 16 Gb/s and the LE320
Linear Equalizer operates at rates up to 32 Gb/s.
The small physical design allows you to place the instrument as close to the DUT
(Device-Under-Test) as possible.
Figure 1: LE320 Linear Equalizer
Tektronix LE160 & LE320 Instruction Manual 1

Key features
■Clock-less design transfers incident signal impairments to outputs. No clock-
to-data alignment concerns.
■Multi UI linear analog (9 tap, 18 ps tap-delay spaced for the LE320 only. The
LE160 has 24 ps tap spacing.)
■Fixed tap delay design eliminates external reference clock requirements.
■USB programmable receiver gain and multi UI equalization allows 20 dB of
equalization.
■USB programmable channel modeling allows electronic channel emulation.
■USB programmable pre-emphasis and differential outputs amplitude as high
as 2.7 V differential.
■USB programmable output duty cycle symmetry control.
■Precision output level controls permit signaling from “0” (Return to Zero) to
2.7 V differentially.
■User defined presets and stored configurations tailored for key technologies.
■Two models:
■LE160, 16 GB/s linear equalizer
■LE320, 32 GB/s linear equalizer
Standard accessories
The instrument comes with the following accessories:
■AC power adapter, Tektronix part number 119-7836-xx
■USB cable, USB-A to Mini USB-B for PC connection, Tektronix part
number 174-6106-xx
■Two (2) 6-in coaxial cables, K male to K male, for linear equalizer-to-DUT
connection, Tektronix part number 174-6362-xx
■1 m coaxial cable, phase-matched pair, Tektronix part number 174-5969-xx
Getting started
2 Tektronix LE160 & LE320 Instruction Manual