Continental Refrigerator 220 User manual

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Figure 1
GENERAL INFORMATION
The Continental Model 220 is designed for twin-track two speed operation. The operating
speeds are either 7 L/2 or 3 3/4 inches per second. The Continental igdesigned to record and
play back iwo tracks of material on standard width recording tap€, which d.oubtes the playing
timewlthnoloss of frequency responsg_or quality. Recordings""11be made from a radiq tete]
vision receiver or phonograph, in addition to those made direeily from the microphone. Re-
cordings can be played back through the self contained speaker, external speaker or through a
high fidelity amplifier system.
This Continental is equipped with a dual speed capstan. When the capstan sleeve is in po-
sition over the capstan, the tape speed is ?. 5 inches per second and with the sleeve removed, a
tape speed of 3.75 inches per second will be obtained.
using both channels of the tape, the recording time is as follows:
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Speed
3 s/4,,
t hour
2 hours
Speed
7 t/2*
l/2 hour
t hour
connect this recorder only to an ouilet supplying 11? volts, 60-cycle, AC supply.
Manufactured by:
Tape Recorders, Inc.
1501 West Congress Street
Chicago, Illinois
fhis moteriol compiled ond published by
sAms & co., lNc., INDIANAPOLIS. INDIANA
Copyright 1956 . All Righrs Reserved
DATI 4- 50 sET 314 TOTDER 3
HOWARD lt.

OPERATING CONTROLS
To Start-
Turn volume control knob (9) clockwise.
Volume-
Degree of rotation of volume control knob (9)
determines volume of recording and playback.
Tape Traygl-
Rewind-Stop-Forward control knob (1) controls
direction of tape travel. Always return this knob to
"Stop" position before turning unit off.
Record-Listen-
Record-Listen control knob (11) controls amp-
lifierandrecordplayback head. To prevent accidental
erasure, place in "Listen" position immediately after
recording is completed.
OP ERATING INSTRUCTIONS
l.Insert the AC power cord into the receptacle
on the rear of the case.
2. PIug the AC cord into a convenient wall re-
ceptacle of the proper rating.
Threading The Tape-
1. Place a reel of tape (either 5" or 7r') on the
leftspindle(23) and an empty reel on the right spindle
Page 2
Figure 2
(43) making sure the reel slots engage the reel pin on
the spindle.
2. Thread the tape by following the solid printed
Iine on the top panel (Figure 2).
NOTE: Thisrecorderusestype 'tA, wound tape, i. e.
the dull magnetic coated side faces inward on
the reel. If the tape used is type "8" (coated
side facing outwar$ the recording will be made
ataverylowsound level and the playback will
be almost inaudible.
3. Insertthe free end of the tape through to the hub
of the right reel and place a pencil firmly over the tape ,
forcing it into one of the three radial slots. Turn the
reel several turns (counterclockwise) with the pencil
in this position until the tape is secured to the reel and
all slack is taken up between reels.
To Record From Microphone-
1. Turnthe volume control knob (g) to the right
untilaclickisheardand allow about thirty seconds for
the tubes to warm up.
2. Insert microphone plug into input socket labeled
t'Microphonett.
3. Turn record-listen knob (11) to "Recordil po-
sition. When in this position, all material already on
the tape will be erased before anew recording is made .
4. While talking into the microphone, adjust the
volume control until the neon indicator light flashes

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The built-in radio can
manner: be used in the following
NOTE: Correctrecordingvolume is very important .
Too weak a signal, which does not cause the
neon indicator to flash, will result in weak
playback and high background noise. Too
strongasignal, causing the indicator to flash
constantly, will result in distortion during
playback.
5. Turn the rewind-stop-forward control knob
(1) to "Forwardil position" The tape is now moving
and any sound entering the microphone will be re-
corded on the tape.
To Record From Built-kr Radio-
5. Make sure the volume control is adjusted to
the point where the neon indicator just flickers on the
louder notes.
To Change Speed-
Theconversion to 3 3/4 inchesper second from
7 L/2 inches per second speed is accomplished in the
following manner.
1. Remove the larger diameter capstan (8) bV
lifting straight up and off.
2. By removing the larger capstan you leave the
steelshaft of the capstandrum assembly (30) which is
used for the speed of. 3 3/4 inches per second.
3. To change back to 7 L/2 inches per second
reverse the above procedure.
NOTE: Be sure when replacing larger capstan, that
thepin inside properly engagesthe slot in the
smaller capstan. If not in place properly
variable speeds wiII result.
To Record From Phonograph-
1. Connect the cord clips of the attachment cord
to the pickup leads on the phonograph.
2.Insert the attachment cord plug into the in-
put socket labeled "Radio".
3. Proceed as described in "To Record From
Microphone".
1. Turnthe 'On-Cff " switchtothe ?,On'? position.
2. The "record-Iisten" switch shouldbe in the
'tisten" position. (The green light wiII be on).
3. Then simplytune in any station you want using
the tuning dial on the front of cabinet.
4. If the program comes on which you wish to
record, simply move the record listen switch to the
"record" position (the red light will go on) and move
the "forward-rewind" switch to "forward" and you
will be recording the program.
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Figure
NOTE: Should a hum develop from the above con-
nection, reverse the cord clips on the pickup
leads.
To Record From Television Receiver-
1" Connect attachment cord as described in rfTo
Record From Radio" and proceed with recording as
described in "To Record From Microphoner'.
Dual Track Recording-
This recorder is designed so that 1/2 the tape
width is recorded at a timel thereby resulting in two
track recordings. This two track operation is accom-
plished in the following manner:
1. After a reel of tape has been recordedl i. €. ,.
allthetape wound on the right reel, place the rewind-
stop-forward control knob (1) in the "Stop" position .
This stops all movement of the tape.
2. Remove the reels from the recorder, turning
the full reel over and placing it on the left spindle.
3. Properlythread the tape and proceed with the
recording.
4. After the second track has been recorded the
firsttrack of recording is ready to be played, without
rewinding, by reversingthe reels as described in Step
No. 2 above.
To Rewind-
1. With the volume control Xnob (9)
turn the record-listen control knob (11) to
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turned on ,
ilListenrt
4
2. Turn the rewind-forward control knob (1) to
I'Rewindil position. As the tape is rewinding you will
hear the recording played backwards at a high rate of
speed.'When this sound stops, you have come to the
start of the recording. To rewind a full reel of tape re -
move the tape from between the pressure roller (26)
and capstan so the tape will rewind directly across the
recorder tothe left-hand reell it will justtouch the bot-
tomof therecording head. This method is faster when
rewinding an entire reel and reduces recording head
wear.
To Play A Recording-
1. Threadthe tape as describedunder "Threading
The Tape".
2. Turn the On-Off-Volume control knob (g) on
and allow approximately thirty seconds for the tubes
to warm up.
3. Place the record-listen control knob (11) in
the "Listen" position.
4. Place the rewind-stop-forward control knob
(1) in the "Forward'r position and adjust the volume
control for desired level.
To Use An External Speaker-
Any size speaker of the permanent magnet type ,
havinga3.20voicecoil, maybe used by connecting the
attachment cord across the voice coil terminals of the
speaker and then insertingthe plug into the output socket
labeled ttRadio Speaker".

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To Edit And,Splice Tapg-
NOTE: Since it is impossible to edit and splice one
track without affecting the other, recordlngs
which are to be edited should be limited to one
track only.
1. The tape may be edited by cutting out -rrnwanted
portions, or by joining selection into another sequence .
Announcements may be inserted between seleitions ,
etc. Unused sections oftape canbe spliced together for
re-use.
2" Forbestresults, cuttape at a slight diagonal ,
join ends together with splicing tape on the glossy side
and trim off any excess width.
Erasing Recorded Materia.l-
Itisnotneeessaryto first erase a recorded tape
if the same tape is to be used for a new recording. E-
rasing of recorded material takes place automatically
when new material is recorded. If it is desired only to
erase a tape, set the machine for recording without hav_
ing the microphone or attachment cord connected t o
i.nput jack.
DISASSEMBLY INSTRUCTIONS
To remove the recorder from its cabinet, r€-
movethe four phillips head screws (13) from the cor-
ners of the top panel (12). Insert a thin-blade screw-
driver between the panel and the cabinet and pry up-
wards enough to slip the finger under the panel. Lift
up enough to permit the speaker plug and AC leads ,
etc., tobedisconnected. The recorder can now be re-
moved complete.
Inhandling the recorder out of its cabinet, care
must be taken to avoid damage to the motor fan (85)
and the motor shaft. When replacing the recorder ,
check to be sure the speaker leads and AC leads witl
not be pinched or will rrot interfere with the recorder
mechanism.
INSPECTION OF COMPLETE RECORDER
1. Visually inspect the alignment of the cam on
the "Forward-Stop-Rewind" shaft. The cam should
close the erase interlock switch when in the "Forward"
position.
2. Move the tape through the machine, first in
the forward direction and then in the rewind direction .
The tape should pass midway between the flanges of
the reel which is receiving the tape. Change shims
under the recordinghead, if necessary, to achieve this .
3. With the recorder out of the cabinet and the
motorrunning, orientthe power transformer of min-
imum audible hum from the speaker. Tighten t}re four
transformer mounting screws.
4. lVhen placingthe recorder in the cabinet, check
for bent fan and for paths of speaker leads, motor leads
andAC leads rvhich will not interfere with any moving
part of the mechanism.
5. Using plastic base tape, make microphone
voice recordings at various volume control settings ,
including a recording of loud talking close to the mike
withthe volume control at maximum gain. Upon play-
back, the best recording should be that made with the
neonbulbflashing only on the louder syllables. Erase
the portion of tape having overloaded r e c o r d i n g . N o
trace of the recording should remain.
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6. Make a music recording from a disc or other
source, Play back and listen for over-all quality.
7. Check for easy operations of controls.
MECHANICAL DRIVE ASSEMBLY
1. With the rewind-stop-forward control knob
(1) in the "Stop" position, idler wheel 22 should be in
a neutralposition; t}tat is, there should be a clearance
of. l/ 32" between the motor shaft and the idler wheel.
2. Withcontrolknob(1) in the n'Rewind" position,
idler wheel (22) is pivoted against the rewind drum (23)
andthemotor shaft. This accounts for the fast rewind
speed. Make a check, byturning the rewind dr,um (23)
counterclockwise, to see if these parts contact each
otherproperly. The idler wheel should turn the motor
shaft. If this does not occur, check for binding parts,
oil on the friction surfaces, or looseness of springs
(57 and 6?A).
3. When control knob (1) is in the "Forward"
position, idler (22) is pivoted against the flywheel and
capstan(30) and the "0" ringbelt (40), which is driven
by the motor belt pulley (16), is pivoted against the
rim of the take-up drum (44).
4. With the motor running and control knob (1)
in "Stop" position there should be at least 1,/32"
clearance between belt (40) and take-up drum (44).
5. With the motor running and control knob (1)
in "Stop" positionobservebelt (40). The same portion
of the belt surface should run in the pulley grooves at
all times, that, the belt should not rotate above the
centerof across section. If such rotation does occur,
belt pulley (16) is not correctly located.
6. Check end play of rewind drum (23), flywheel
(30) and take-up drum (44). Each should have some
end play, not more than L/ 32". Correct assembly of
washers on these shaft should control this.
7. With control knob (1) in "Rewind" position,
there should be at least L/ 32" clearance between the
rubber on the brake (49) and the take-up drum (44).
With motor running, move the control knob slowly from
"Rewind" to "Stop". Meanwhile, rotate the take-up
drum (44) manually. The brake should rotate the take-
up drum before the rewind drum stops rotating. Bend
t}te brake arm to meet these requirements.
8" Place a full 5" reel of tape on the take-up
spindle (43) and run the machine in the "Forward"
position. Measure the tension required to hold the
tape reel stationary. This tension should be 1 to 2
ounces.
NOI'E: Thistensionshouldbemeasuredafterthe ma-
chine has been running with the clutch slip-
ping for at least one minute. The tension is
controlledbythetype and amount of lubricant
used on the felt washer,
9. Usinga? inch reel of tape and an empty ? inch
reel, thread the tape as for playing and observe the
passage of the tape between the reel flanges on forward
drive and on rewind. The tape should be centered be-
tweenthe reelflanges, and the clearance between reel
flanges and top plate should be ample without having
interferencearound the entire reel perimeter, it will
be necessary to replace defective parts.
Page 6
10. When threaded as for playing, and when pow-
ered by 115 volts 60 cycles, the unit should start re-
windingwhen switchedfrom "Offt' to rRewindl with an
almost full 7 inch reel on tfie rewind drum and only a
dozenor so turns of tape on the take-up reel. Failure
to start may be due to weak motor or friction in the
bearings of the capstan or take-up drum.
1 LCheck functioning of pressure roller by holding
clutch plate on take -up drum and letting tape run through
capstan. If tape does not run through smoothly, check
to see if pressure roller surface is clean. The shaft
should be well oiled. The pressure roller in contact
should be flush up against the capstan.
TROUBLES
Take-Up Drum And Capstan Speed Irregular-
1. Grease or oil on the rubber drive surface of
idler wheel (22), motor shaft, pressure roller (26)
"O" belt(40) and take-up drum(44). Clean these parts
with naptha.
2. Motor belt pulley (16) loose.
Tape Overruns When Control Is Turned From "Rewind"
To "Stop" Position-
1. Brake assembly (49) not adjusted properly.
See "Mechanical Drive Assembly #?. "
Tape WilI Not Rewind-
1. Spring (57 and 6?.{) loose.
Failure To Erase-
1" Checkheadwindingsfor openor shorted coils.
2. Check playing surfaces for dirt or other
foreiga material which would prevent close contact of
the tape to the erase head surface.
3. Check position of head to be sure the tape is
running over correct surfaces.
4. Checktheheadfor excessive wear of the erase
head surface.
5. Check the operation of the erase interlock
switch.
Faulty Play-Back-
1. Same as above.
2. Check amplifier circuits, tubes, etc.
Wows-
1. Check capstan (30) for excessive runout.
2. Check idler (22) for worn or uneven surface.
3. Check for low line voltage.
4. Check for sticky tape or foreign material on
the pick-up surface.

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5. Check the tape lddth and be sure that it is not 1 Mechadcal linkages should be lubltcated lightly
binding tn tlle gutdes. at points of frlctlon vith Sta-Put No. 18-8.
6. Check fo! di8torted reel6 or any othe! fricuon
whtch might cauae am exceaaive load on the moto! or 2. The thajts of rotating part8, when replaced
drlve assembly. should be wlped clean wtth a unt-tree clotl or paper
and oiled lightly wtth Kenshgton No.9 Spindle Oil.
?. Checkpressure roller(26) for signs ol foreign uae two or three drops.
matter or exceasive wear.
LUBRICATION 3, Whenlubricatingthe felt washers on tlte take-
upand rewind drum, use Sta-Put O No. 360 Saturate
Extreme care should be taken when lubricatlng the felt washers and tlren remove aa much ol the oil as
the mechanism. For satisfactory operation, the in- possible by pressing a cloth or ab6orbent paper against
structions ln this aection should be followed. the4.
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