Garmin Personal Navigator GPS 100AVD User manual

GARMIN
GPS 100AVD
PERSONALNAVIGATORTM
OWNER'S MANUAL

GPS 100AVD
Personal NavigatorTM
OWNER'S MANUAL

© 1992 GARMIN, 9875 Widmer Road, Lenexa, KS 66215
Printed in Taiwan.
Allrightsreserved. Nopartofthismanualmaybereproducedortransmitted
inanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopy-
ingandrecording,foranypurposewithouttheexpresswrittenpermissionof
GARMIN.
Information in this document is subject to change without notice. GARMIN
reservestherighttochangeorimprovetheirproductsandtomakechanges
inthecontentwithout obligationtonotifyanypersonororganization of such
changes or improvements.
October, 1992 190-00012-00 Rev. B

i
PREFACE
GARMIN thanks you for selecting the industry’s first high performance, full
featuredPersonalNavigatorTM.TheGPS100representsourcommitmentto
provide you with a portable navigation unit that is versatile, extremely
accurate, and easy to use. We are confident you will enjoy using your unit
for many years to come.
The GPS 100's rugged construction and quality components offer the
reliabilitydemandedbytheharshestoperatingenvironments.It maybeused
in marine, aviation, and land vehicles as well as by hunters, hikers, and
militaryforces. Theunitmaybeoperatedportablyusingitsownbatterypack,
or it may use a 12V or 24V external power source for fixed mounted
applications. Youcanevenusea115Vor230Vbattery chargerforplanning
trips at home.
This manual and accompanying quick reference card provide complete
informationonsafelyoperatingtheGPS100to its full potential. An exciting
practicetriphasbeenplannedforyoutopracticeyournavigationskillsusing
thebuilt-insimulator. Afterwards tryatripofyourowntorealizethevalueof
the GPS 100 as your Personal NavigatorTM. If you have any questions or
comments, our Customer Support Department is eager to serve you.
GARMIN is fully committed to your satisfaction as a customer.
GARMIN International, Inc.
9875 Widmer Road
Lenexa, KS 66215

CAUTION
TheGPS system isoperated by thegovernment of theUnited States which
issolelyresponsibleforitsaccuracyandmaintenance. Thesystemisunder
developmentandissubjecttochangeswhichcouldaffecttheaccuracyand
performance of all GPS equipment. Although the GPS 100 is a precision
electronic NAVigation AID (NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or
misinterpreted,andthereforebecomeunsafe. UsetheGPS100atyourown
risk. To reduce the risk, carefully review and understand all aspects of this
Owner'sManualandthoroughly practiceoperationusingthesimulatormode
prior to actual use. When in actual use, carefully compare indications from
the GPS 100 to all available navigation sources including the information
fromotherNAVAIDs,visualsightings,charts,etc. Forsafety,alwaysresolve
any discrepancies before continuing navigation.
ThealtitudecalculatedbytheGPS100AVDisgeometricheightabovemean
sea level and could vary significantly from altitude displayed by pressure
altimeters in aircraft. NEVER use GPS altitude for vertical navigation.
TheJeppesendatabaseincorporatedintheGPS100AVDmustbeupdated
regularly in order to ensure that its information is current. GARMIN issues
an update approximately every 28 days. Contact GARMIN or your local
GARMIN aviation dealer for more information on GPS 100 AVD database
updates. Pilotsusinganout-of-datedatabasedosoentirelyattheirownrisk.
NOTE: Thisequipmenthasbeentestedandfoundtocomply with the limits
for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These
limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful
interferenceinaresidentialinstallation. Thisequipmentgenerates,usesand
canradiateradiofrequencyenergyand,ifnotinstalledandusedinaccordance
withtheinstructions,maycauseharmfulinterferencetoradiocommunications.
However,thereisnoguaranteethatinterferencewillnotoccurinaparticular
installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or
television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off
and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or
more of the following measures:
· Re-orient or relocate the receiving antenna.
· Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
· Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from
that to which the receiver is connected.
· Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
1 INTRODUCING THE GARMIN GPS 100 1-1
1.1 GPS 100 Capabilities 1-1
1.2 Aviation Database 1-2
1.3 Basic Package 1-3
1.4 Optional Accessories 1-4
1.5 Operational Modes 1-5
2 GETTING STARTED—GPS 100 FUNDAMENTALS 2-1
2.1 Keypad Operation 2-2
2.2 Entering Data 2-4
2.3 Viewing Messages 2-5
3 INITIALIZATION 3-1
4 WAYPOINTS 4-1
4.1 WaypointDefinition 4-2
4.2 Creating Waypoints 4-3
4.3 Using Waypoints 4-5
4.4 Using Waypoints by Scanning 4-6
4.5 Reviewing Waypoints 4-8
4.6 Modifying Waypoints 4-8
4.7 Nearest Waypoints 4-9
4.8 Proximity Alarm Waypoints 4-10
4.9 User Waypoint Catalog 4-11
5 NAVIGATION INFORMATION 5-1
5.1 CDI and Navigation Summary 5-2
5.2 Present Position 5-5
6 GETTING THERE FAST — GOTO 6-1
iii

7 ROUTES 7-1
7.1 Navigating Using Routes 7-2
7.2 Route Catalog 7-3
7.3 Editing Routes 7-4
7.4 Activating Routes 7-5
7.5 Deleting Routes 7-7
7.6 Closest Point of Approach 7-7
8 AutoStoreTM 8-1
9 TRIP PLANNING 9-1
9.1 Trip Planning 9-1
9.2 Fuel Planning 9-2
9.3 Density Altitude/TAS 9-3
9.4 Wind Aloft 9-4
9.5 Vertical Navigation Planning 9-5
10 DATE AND TIME FUNCTIONS 10-1
10.1 Date and Time 10-1
10.2 Alarm Clocks 10-2
10.3 Event Timers 10-3
10.4 Sunrise/Sunset 10-5
10.5 Battery Timer 10-5
11 GPS STATUS AND UNIT CUSTOMIZATION 11-1
11.1 GPS Status 11-2
11.2 User Selectable Alarms 11-3
11.3 CDI Settings 11-5
11.4 Offset Navigation/Magnetic Variation 11-6
11.5 Audio/Display Characteristics 11-8
11.6 Navigation Display Units 11-9
11.7 MapDatum/Interface 11-11
11.8 Waypoint/Route Transfer 11-12
iv

v
12 ADVANCED FEATURES 12-1
12.1 Building Routes Using AutoStoreTM 12-1
12.2 Parallel Offset Navigation 12-2
12.3 Course To Steer (CTS) 12-3
12.4 Vertical Navigation 12-4
12.5 Closest Point of Approach 12-5
13 MESSAGES 13-1
14 INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE 14-1
14.1 Specifications 14-1
14.2 Aviation Rack Operation 14-2
14.3 Aviation Interface Setup 14-3
14.4 Pre-Flight Checkout Procedure 14-3
14.5 Marine/Mobile Electrical Wiring (Optional) 14-4
14.6 Gimbal Bracket Installation (Optional) 14-6
14.7 Slide Mount Operation (Optional) 14-7
14.8 Battery Pack Operation 14-10
14.9 Maintenance 14-10
14.10 Customer Support 14-11
15 SAMPLE SIMULATED TRIP 15-1
APPENDIX
A GPS — HOW DOES IT WORK? A-1
A.1 GPS Overview A-1
A.2 Coverage and Accuracy A-1
A.3 GPS Receiver Designs A-2
B ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS B-1
C LOCAL TIME TO UTC TIME CONVERSION C-1
D DATABASE REGION COUNTRY TABLE D-1
E INDEX E-1

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCING THE GARMIN GPS 100
1.1 GPS 100 CAPABILITIES
TheGPS100providesahostofpowerfulcapabilitieswhichwerepreviously
unavailable or found only in much larger and more expensive systems:
·Performance: State-of-the-art MultiTracTM receiver tracks up to
eight satellites while providing high receiver sensitivity, fast first fix,
and continuous navigation updates.
·Portability: Goeswhereyougo-onland,sea,orintheair. Thebuilt-
in simulator allows you to plan your next trip or hone your navigation
skills at home or in your office.
·Navigation: Illuminated keypad and display provide the navigation
information you need at a glance. Store up to 100 alphanumeric
waypoints and 10 reversible routes. The GOTO function sets an
instantaneouscoursetothewaypointofyourchoice. TheAutoStoreTM
function helps you build routes as you go. A flashing Message
Annunciatorandanaudiblemessagetonekeepyoufullyinformedof
your navigation status.
·Personalized: Configure your unit the way you like by selecting
nautical units, Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) sensitivity, keypad
and display features, map datums, and interface options.
· Low Power Consumption: Battery Saver operation, which draws
less than 250 milliamps of current, provides 14 hours of continuous
operation with six AA size alkaline batteries. The QuickFixTM mode
providesondemandpositionfixesinaslittle as 15 seconds andover
100 hours of battery life at four fixes per hour.
·Trip Planning: Analyze distance, time, and fuel requirements for
yourtrip. Computethetimeofsunriseandsunsetatyourdestination.
Calculatedensityaltitudebeforeyoutakeoff,andtrueairspeedasyou
fly. Verticalnavigationguidesyoutoyourcruisealtitudeandputsyou
in the traffic pattern before landing.
1-1

·Multi-purposeAlarms: DualalarmclocksandtimersallowtheGPS
100towatchtheclockforyou. Arrival,anchordrag,CDI,andhazard
alerts help you safely navigate your craft.
·Offset navigation: The offset navigation feature allows you to
traverseyourrouteafixeddistanceleftorrightfromadefinedcourse.
·Interfaces:Interfacewithmarineoraviationautopilotsandgraphical
plotters. Down load waypoints and routes to your PC for permanent
record.
We encourage you to read this manual and experiment using the built-in
simulator. This will help you quickly master the features of the GPS 100.
1.2 AVIATION DATABASE
TheGPS100AVDfeaturesabuilt-inJeppesenNavData®databaseproviding
directaccesstoeitherNorthAmerica,InternationalorWorldwidenavigational
information. When the GPS 100 AVD is turned on, the display will show
whichdatabasetheunitcontains. Informationcontainedinthedatabasesis
as follows:
·Airports: Identifier,latitude,longitude,elevation, and nearest VOR.
·VORs: Identifier,latitude,longitude,frequency,andco-locatedDME
(or TACAN) indication.
·NDBs: Identifier, latitude, longitude, and frequency.
·Intersections: Identifier, latitude, longitude, and nearest VOR.
TheNorthAmericanandInternationalDatabasescontainthisinformationfor
allintersections,NDBsandVORsandmostpublicuseairportswithrunways
of1,000feetorgreater. TheNorthAmericanDatabasecoversCanada,the
continentalUnitedStates,Alaska,Mexico,CentralAmerica,andtheBahamas.
The International Database covers the entire world except for the area
covered by the North American Database.
The Worldwide Database contains information for most public use airports
withrunwaysof1,000feetorgreater,allVORs,NDBs,namedoutermarkers
and named final approach fixes for the entire world.
1-2

The GPS 100 AVD database may be updated by a GARMIN authorized
servicecenteronaone-timebasisorevery28daysbysubscriptionservice.
ContactGARMINoryourlocalGARMINaviationdealerformoreinformation
on GPS 100 AVD database updates.
1.3 BASIC PACKAGE
Your GARMIN GPS 100 AVD basic package includes:
· GPS 100 AVD Unit
· Rechargeable Battery Pack
· 115V/230V Battery Charger
· Aviation Installation and Antenna Kit
· Owner's Manual
· Quick Reference Card
· Warranty Card
Aviation Operation:
AnAviationKitissuppliedforinstallationofyourGPS100inanaircraft. This
kit includes a low drag antenna, 15 feet of low-loss antenna cable, and a
mountingrack. Themountingrackcontainsanelectronicmodulewhichwill
provideinterfaceswith an external annunciator, CDI,autopilot,and graphic
display units. While using aircraft power, you may wish to leave the battery
packinthe unit. Aircraftpowerwillautomaticallymaintaintherechargeable
battery pack at full capacity. In the event of aircraft power failure, the GPS
100 will automatically switch to battery power.
Take Home Planning:
The basic package allows you to do trip planning at home. The unit may be
operated from external AC power using the battery charger, or using the
rechargeablebatterypack. (NOTE: Thisbatterypackispermanentlysealed
and should never be opened.)
1-3

1.4 OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES
The following optional accessories are available for your specific needs:
· Portable Antenna
· Magnetic Mount Antenna
· Marine/RV Remote Antenna Kit
· Marine/Mobile Mounting Kit
· Personal Computer Kit
· Carrying Case
· AA Size Battery Pack
· Data Transfer Cable (unit-to-unit)
Handheld Operation:
Aportableantennaisavailableforhandheldoperation. InordertotrackGPS
satellites,theunitmust besituatedwiththeantennapointedstraight up and
should not be blocked by objects or people (signal reception through thin
fabric such as canvas may be adequate but degraded). A wrist strap can
be connected to the eyelet on the back of the unit to prevent accidental
dropping of your GPS 100.
Gimbal Mount Operation:
A Marine/Mobile Mounting Kit, which includes a gimbal mount and power/
datacable,isavailableforfixedinstallationinaboatorlandvehicle. Theunit
maybeoperatedusingvehiclepowerthroughthepower/datacableoritmay
be operated using the battery pack.
Inadditiontosupplyingpowertotheunit,thepower/datacableallowsyouto
interface your GPS 100 with marine electronic devices such as plotters or
autopilots (see Section 14.5 for more information on electrical wiring).
Marine/RV Operation:
A Marine/RV Remote Antenna Kit is available for those installations that
require an external antenna for an unobstructed view of the sky. This kit
includes a remote weather-proof antenna and 30 feet of low-loss antenna
cable.
The remote antenna has been constructed to thread onto a standard 1"
antenna mount. Antenna mounts, commonly used to attach VHF radio
1-4

antennasandLoran-Ccouplers,arereadilyavailablefromyourlocalmarine
accessories dealer.
A Magnetic Mount Antenna Kit is available for temporary attachment of the
GPS100antennatoametallic surface. This kitincludesaremoteweather-
proof antenna and 10 feet of low-loss antenna cable.
Personal Computer Kit:
APersonalComputerKitisavailableforreal-timetrackplotting/mapgeneration
and downloading of almanac, waypoints, and routes. Perform satellite
visibility computations and useful DXF format conversion for interfacing to
various CAD and GIS (Geographical Information System) programs.
Waypoints and routes may be uploaded from a PC back to your GPS 100
using this kit.
Data Transfer Cable:
A data transfer cable is available to transfer waypoints and routes from one
GPS100toanother. ThiscablecomescompletewithGPS100connectors
and can be used in conjunction with the battery charger.
Carrying Case:
Acarrying case is availablefor convenient storageor transportation ofyour
GPS100. Thiscase can be wornon your belt oroverthe shoulder. A utility
pocket is provided for storing spare battery packs as well as other small
items. Theunitmay beoperateddirectlyfromthecasebyunzippingthetop
and bottom zippers and raising the antenna.
AA Size Battery Pack:
AAAsizebatterypackisavailableifyouwishtousedisposablebatteriesfor
GPS100operation. TheAAbatterypackshouldbefilledwithsixhighquality
alkaline batteries commonly found at retail stores.
1.5 OPERATIONAL MODES
IfyourGPS100ispoweredbyan external source, it willprovidecontinuous
navigation updates. Typical time to first fix is less than 2.5 minutes. (If you
have used your unit within the hour, it may take as little as 15 seconds.)
1-5

1-6
IfyourGPS100ispoweredbythebatterychargerorabatterypack,youmay
select one of four operational modes:
Normal mode offers continuous position updates as if you were using an
external power source. The GPS 100 will typically operate 8 hours on a
single pack of alkaline batteries, or 5 hours using the rechargeable battery
pack.
BatterySavermode,suitableformostapplications,offerspositionupdates
that adapt to your needs while extending battery life. The GPS 100 will
typically operate14 hours on a single pack of alkaline batteries,or 8 hours
using the rechargeable battery pack.
QuickFixTM mode offers the convenience of quick, on demand position
updatesandextendedbatterylifeforsurfacenavigationusers. Asingle pack
ofalkalinebatterieswilllastover100hoursatfourfixesperhour. Afteryour
position has been calculated, you may turn the unit off or the unit will
automatically turn off two minutes after the last keypress. When you are
readyforanewpositionfix,simplyturntheuniton. TheGPS100willquickly
re-acquire satellites and calculate a new position. To manually cancel
QuickFixTM mode,turntheunitoffpriortoobtainingapositionfix. Ifyouhave
notrequestedanewpositionfix for 30minutes,theQuickFixTM modewillbe
cancelledautomatically.
Simulatormodeallowsyouto simulate the operation of the GPS 100 while
athomeorinyouroffice. The simulator modecanbeusedwhilelearningto
use your GPS 100 and is ideal for planning routes and entering waypoints.
KeepinmindthattheGPS100isnottrackingsatellitesinthesimulatormode.
You should never attempt to use the simulator mode for actual navigation.

2-1
CHAPTER 2
GETTING STARTED — GPS 100 FUNDAMENTALS
Thefrontpanelconsistsofa3-line,22-characterLCD displayand21keys.
Both the display and keypad are illuminated for your convenience while
operating in the darkness.
Flashing “M” character for new mes-
sages; steady “M” if messages remain
on the Message page after you view
them.
No “M” character if no messages.
Information displayed on the LCD is commonly referred to as a “page”.
Notice the “M” character in the upper right-hand corner of the display
illustratedabove. ThissymbolisknownastheMessageAnnunciatorandwill
flashiftheGPS100wishes to tellyousomething. Theunitalsocontainsan
internaltonegeneratorthatwillsoundwiththeflashingMessageAnnunciator
(ifyourunitisconnectedtoanexternalalarmsystem,itwillalsobeactivated).

2-2
Cursor on Alpha Numeric Field Numeric Field
Confirmation Field Cursor on Cyclic Field
Theareaofthepagewithlightcharactersanddarkbackgroundiscalledthe
cursor. The cursor may be moved to locations on the page called fields. A
fieldisagroupofcharacterstreatedasasingleunitofinformationwhichallow
you to enter data. You will encounter four types of fields.
Numeric fieldsaccept numbers. Forexample,youwillenterthetime in
a numeric field.
Alphanumeric fields accept numbers as well as letters. For example,
you will enter the date in an alphanumeric field.
Cyclic fields allow you to select from one of several available options.
For example, you may select between ETE (estimated time enroute) or
ETA (estimated time of arrival) using a cyclic field. Cyclic fields are
indicated on the display by a “>” character.
Confirmation fields allow you to indicate your acceptance or rejection.
For example, you will be asked to confirm the initial position, date, and
time before satellite acquisition begins. Confirmation fields always end
with a “?” character.
2.1 KEYPAD OPERATION
The ON/OFF key is a dual function rocker key that controls
system power and panel backlight intensity.
Whentheunitison,pressingtheON/BRTsideofthekeywill
increase the backlight intensity. Pressing the OFF/DIM side will decrease
the backlight intensity.
Toturntheunitoff,pressand holdtheOFF/DIMsideoftheON/OFFkeyfor
three seconds until the display is blank.

PressingtheMSGkeyallowsyoutoviewmessages. (SeeSection
2.3 and Chapter 13 for more details.)
PressingtheGOTOkey allowsyoutoactivatetheGOTO function,
which will set an instantaneous course to any waypoint. (See
Chapter 6 for more details.)
Pressing the AUTOSTO key allows you to capture your present
positiononaninstantaneousbasis. TheAutoStoreTM functionalso
allows you to place the waypoints in a route. (See Chapter 8 for
more details.)
Pressing the SET key selects the setup pages which allow you to
view the receiver status and customize the unit as you like. (See
Chapter 11 for more details.)
Pressing the RTE key selects the route pages which allow you to
edit, review, activate, and delete routes. (See Chapter 7 for more
details.)
PressingtheWPTkeyselectsthewaypointpageswhichallowyou
to create, edit, review, rename and delete waypoints. In addition,
you may view your nearest waypoints and set waypoint proximity
alarms. (See Chapter 4 for more details.)
PressingtheNAVkeyselectsthenavigationpageswhichallowyou
to view navigation information and perform planning functions.
(See Chapters 5, 9, and 10 for more details.)
Pressing the right or left side of this rocker key allows you
tomovethecursor,scrollthroughinformationlists,andenter
letters of the alphabet.
Thealphanumerickeysallowyoutoenterlettersandnumbers
into the GPS 100.
Ifyouwanttoenteranumber,forinstance“1”,simplypressthe1key. Ifyou
want to enter a letter, for example “A”, press the 1 key, then press the right
arrow key once to select “A” (you may also press the left arrow key three
times to display the "A").
2-3

Pressing the CLR key erases information in the cursor field. If the
cursorisoveracyclicfield,pressingtheCLRkeywilltogglethrough
severalavailable options. If thecursor is overa confirmation field,
pressing the CLR key indicates rejection.
Pressing the ENT key completes the process of data entry. If the
cursor is over a confirmation field, pressing the ENT key indicates
your approval.
2.2 ENTERING DATA
The GPS 100 features a keypad feedback tone which will sound each time
you press a key. If you enter data which is not appropriate for the field, the
feedbacktonewillquicklysoundthreetimesindicatinganerror. Thekeypad
feedback tone can be turned off if you wish (see Section 11.5 for more
information).
Dataisenteredintotheunitusingthekeypadandfields. Inordertoenterdata
youmustfirst movethecursoroverthedesiredfieldbypressing the rightor
left arrow key.
To enter a number...
· Press the key that is labeled with the desired number. The numbers
willfillinfromtheleftsideofthefieldsimilartoatypewriter. Youmust
enterany leading zeros inthe field. For example,if you wishto enter
“51”ina3spacefield,youmustpressthe0,5,and1keysinthatorder.
· Press the CLR key if you enter an incorrect number.
· Press the ENT key when you have filled each space of the field with
numbers.
To enter a letter...
· Press the key that is labeled with the desired letter.
· Press the right or left arrow key until the desired letter is displayed.
· Press the CLR key if you enter an incorrect letter.
· Press the ENT key when all the characters are entered.
2-4

(Note: Some fields allow only letters and no numbers. For example, the
hemisphericdesignationforlatitudeiseitheran“N”forNorthor“S”forSouth.
If you wish to enter an “N” for North, press the 5 key, which is also labeled
with the letter N. The GPS 100 will automatically display “N” for you.)
To change a cyclic field...
· Press the CLR key.
To indicate approval on a confirmation field...
· Press the ENT key.
To indicate rejection on a confirmation field...
· Press the CLR key.
2.3 VIEWING MESSAGES
Message
Annunciator
MESSAGE PAGE
From time to time, the GPS 100 will use a message to tell you of conditions
that need your attention. When the GPS 100 has a new message for you,
the Message Annunciator will flash. When this occurs, press the MSG key
toviewnewmessage(s). ContinuetopresstheMSGkeyuntilthe pageyou
were viewing prior to pressing the MSG key is displayed.
While the Message Annunciator is flashing, the GPS 100 will also generate
an audible tone to alert you of the message. (The message tone can be
turned off if you wish; see Section 11.5 for more details.) Messages that
demandimmediateattentionsuchasanarrivalalarmgenerateaquicktone
that will not stop until you view the message. All other messages generate
a slow tone that will cease after 15 seconds.
2-5

Certain messages will remain on the Message Page after being viewed. If
this occurs, the Message Annunciator will be in view but will not flash.
If no messages exist on the Message Page, the Message Annunciator will
not be visible and the message page will appear as illustrated below.
Refer to Chapter 13 for a complete list of GPS 100 messages.
2-6