Heico EMD Epsilon EPS 45-80 User manual

EPS 45-80 High-Voltage Generator
Technical Manual
MANUAL P/N 9894.00.G6

EPS 45-80 High-Voltage Generator
ii Technical Manual P/N 9894.00.G6
Copyright application © 2006, 2007, 2008 by emd technologies Inc. All rights reserved.
emd technologies and the emd technologies logo are trademarks of emd technologies Inc.,
registered in the U.S.A. and other countries.
Contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system
without the written permission of emd technologies Inc., 400 du Parc, Saint-Eustache (Quebec),
Canada, J7R 0A1.
IMPROVEMENTS
emd technologies reserves the right to make changes and improvements to its products and assumes
no obligation to incorporate any changes into units previously sold or shipped.
Head Office European Authorized Representative
emd technologies
400 du Parc,
Saint-Eustache (Quebec)
Canada, J7R 0A1
Phone : [phone]
Fax : [phone]
www.emd-technologies.com
Biocordis France S.A.A
1, Route Nationale 448 – B.P. 27
F91450 Etiolles
France
Phone : [phone]
Fax : [phone]
July 31/2008

Introduction to Epsilon Technical Manual
Technical Manual P/N 9894.00.G6 iii
INTRODUCTION TO EPSILON TECHNICAL MANUAL
A. GENERAL
A.1 Intended Purpose
Epsilon EPS 45-80 High-Voltage generator is a medical device used with complementary X-ray
apparatus in order to emit ionizing radiation intended for diagnostic interventional radiology. It is
designed to work in a safe environment for the patient and the operator.
The generator and operational instructions are to be used by qualified persons having been trained
in radiation protection. The generator must be operated in conformance with the manufacturer's
instructions and within local government regulations.
A.2 Application Note
This manual applies to the Epsilon EPS 45-80 High-Voltage X-ray generator, RAD & RF
configurations, 30 through 100 kW.
A.2 Documentation
The present manual describes the installation, start-up & setup instructions and maintenance
procedures for the generator. It also gives the performance and technical specifications of the
described product and provides the installer with all of the safety procedures necessary for a safe
installation and maintenance.
For a complete user's guidance description, refer to the operator's manual.
Operator’s
Manuals
N
o
t
e
s
°Operator’s Manual P/N 9895.00 : RAD & Fluoro Configuration (English)
°Operator’s Manual P/N 9895.01 : RAD & Fluoro Configuration (OEM)
°Operator’s Manual P/N 9895.02 : Biplane Configuration
°Operator’s Manual P/N 9895.03 : RAD & Fluoro Configuration (Chinese)
°Operator’s Manual P/N 9895.04 : RAD & Fluoro Configuration (French)
°Operator’s Manual P/N 9895.05 : Cardiac Configuration (English)
°Operator’s Manual P/N 9895.11 : Cardiac Configuration (English, CV Console)
Electronic Documentation: Refer also to the electronic documentation CD for
technical supplements dedicated to optional configurations.
A.3 Contraindications
No contraindications are known for the products described in this manual.

EPS 45-80 High-Voltage Generator
iv Technical Manual P/N 9894.00.G6
A.4 Definitions
ABS : Automatic Brightness Stabilization, in Fluoro mode. Mode of operation in which the
factors of the Fluoroscopic beam is automatically adjusted to obtain an optimal image
brightness.
AEC : Automatic Exposure Control, in RAD mode
In an X-ray Generator, mode of operation in which one or more loading factors are controlled automatically in
order to obtain at a preselected location a desired quantity of radiation
(1)
.
kV : Peak voltage applied between the anode and cathode of an x-ray tube, in thousands of
volts.
kW : Describes the product of both kV and mA output at the generator or loaded at the
terminals of the X-ray tube.
mA : Average x-ray tube current, in milliamperes, during the irradiation time. The operator
console can also display the peak mA rather than the average mA, during the optional
Pulsed Fluoro, if the user does want so.
mAs : X-ray tube current by time product (mA x Time), in milliamperes-seconds
Operator: Person handling the generator.
Service representative: Person installing, maintaining and repairing the generator.
SPD : Source to Patient Distance
Time : Irradiation time, in milliseconds (ms) or seconds (s). Irradiation time represents the time
interval between the instant that the tube potential has risen for the first time to a value
of 80% and the instant at which it finally drops below the same value.
User : Authority responsible for the use and maintenance of the generator.
WKS : Workstation (or image receptor). Transducer device that converts the X-ray beam energy
across the patient into visible images.
(1) Medical radiology – Terminology, IEC Standard Publication 788, First Edition, 1984.

Introduction to Epsilon Technical Manual
Technical Manual P/N 9894.00.G6 v
B. SAFETY PROCEDURES
Disregard of the procedures given below may cause serious or fatal
bodily injury.
B.1 Electrical Safety
All of the movable assemblies and parts of this equipment should be operated with care and
routinely inspected in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations contained in the
present manual.
Only properly trained and qualified personnel should be permitted access to any internal parts. Live
electrical terminals are deadly; be sure line disconnect switches are opened and other appropriate
precautions are taken before attaching accessories.
Do not remove the flexible H. T. cables from the X-ray tube housing or Anode or Cathode
assemblies H.T. connector until the electrical mains have been disconnected for at least 1 minute.
B.2 Radiation Safety
X-rays are dangerous to both operator and others in the vicinity unless established safe exposure
procedures are strictly observed.
The useful and scattered beams can produce serious or fatal bodily injuries to any persons in the
surrounding area if used by an unskilled operator. Adequate precautions must always be taken to
avoid exposure to the useful beam, as well as to leakage radiation from within the source housing or
to scattered radiation resulting from the passage of radiation through matter.
Those authorized to operate, participate in or supervise the operation of the equipment must be
thoroughly familiar and comply completely with the currently established safe exposure factors and
procedures described in publications. Failure to observe these warnings may cause serious or fatal
bodily injuries to the operator or those in the area.
B.3 Class l Equipment
According to the class of equipment, the Epsilon High-Voltage generator must be referenced to
an earth ground by a protective earth conductor. Failure to provide a separate earth ground can
result in electrical shock hazard causing injury or death.

EPS 45-80 High-Voltage Generator
vi Technical Manual P/N 9894.00.G6
C. ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY
The Epsilon EPS 45-80 High-Voltage X-ray generator complies with the IEC 60601-1-2 standard
(2nd version: 2001).
Guidance and Manufacturer's Declaration – Electromagnetic Emissions
The EPS 45-80 High-Voltage X-ray generator is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified below.
The customer or the user of the EPS 45-80 High-Voltage X-ray generator should assure that it is used in such an
environment.
Emission test Compliance Electromagnetic environment- guidance
RF emissions
CISPR 11
Group 1 The EPS 45-80 High-Voltage X-ray generator uses RF energy only
for its internal function. Therefore, its RF emissions are very low and
are not likely to cause any interference in nearby electronic
equipment.
RF emissions
CISPR 11
Class A
Harmonic emissions
IEC 61000-3-2
Not applicable
Voltage fluctuations/
flicker emissions
IEC 61000-3-3
Not applicable
The EPS 45-80 High-Voltage X-ray generator is suitable for use in all
establishments other than domestic and those directly connected to
the public low-voltage power supply network that supplies buildings
used for domestic purposes.
Compliance to any EMC standard does not guarantee that a device will not interfere with or will not
be affected by the operation of another electrical medical equipment placed in the nearby
environment. Therefore, the EPS 45-80 High-Voltage X-ray generator is not designed to work in
close vicinity with other electrical equipment or in the presence of portable and mobile RF
communication equipment. Stacking and adjacent positioning of equipment should be avoided.
EMC Instructions
1. When stacking or adjacent positioning of equipment or accessories is unavoidable,
make sure that the performance of the EPS 45-80 High-Voltage X-ray generator
and of the stacked equipment is not adversely affected.
2. The performance of the EPS 45-80 High-Voltage X-ray generator can be affected
by the presence of portable and mobile RF communication equipment.
3. Do not operate the EPS 45-80 High-Voltage X-ray generator without all covers
and enclosure perfectly fitted onto the High-Voltage Power Supply.

Introduction to Epsilon Technical Manual
Technical Manual P/N 9894.00.G6 vii
Guidance and Manufacturer's Declaration – Electromagnetic Immunity
The EPS 45-80 High-Voltage X-ray generator is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified below.
The customer or the user of the EPS 45-80 High-Voltage X-ray generator should assure that it is used in such an
environment.
Immunity test IEC 60601
test level
Compliance
level
Electromagnetic environment- guidance
Conducted RF
IEC 61000-4-6
Radiated RF
IEC 61000-4-3
3 Vrms
150 kHz to 80 MHz
3 V/m
80 MHz to 2.5 GHz
3 Vrms
3 V/m
Portable and mobile RF communications equipment
should be used no closer to any part of the EPS 45-
80 High-Voltage X-ray generator, including cables,
than the recommended separation distance calculated
from the equation applicable to the frequency of the
transmitter.
Recommended separation distance
[] Pd 2,1=
[] Pd 2,1=,80 MHz to 800 MHz
[] Pd 3,2=, 800 MHz to 2,50 GHz
where Pis the maximum output power rating of the
transmitter in watts (W) according to the transmitter
manufacturer and dis the recommended separation
distance in meters (m).
Field strengths fixed RD transmitter, as determined
by an electromagnetic site survey, a should be less
than the compliance level in each frequency range.b
Interference may occur in the vicinity of equipment
marked with the following symbol:
Note 1 At 80 MHz and 800 MHz, the higher frequency range applies.
Note 2 These guidelines may not apply in all situations. Electromagnetic propagation is affected by absorption and
reflection from structures, objects and people.
a Field strengths from fixed transmitters, such as base stations for radio (cellular/cordless) telephones and land
mobile radios, amateur radio, AM and FM radio broadcast and TV broadcast cannot be predicted theoretically with
accuracy. To assess the electromagnetic environment, due to fixed RF transmitters, an electromagnetic site survey should
be considered. If the measured field strength in the location in which the EPS 45-80 High-Voltage X-ray generator is used
exceeds the applicable RF compliance level above, the EPS 45-80 High-Voltage X-ray generator should be observed to
verify normal operation. If abnormal performance is observed, additional measures may be necessary, such as reorienting
or relocating the EPS 45-80 High-Voltage X-ray generator.
b Over the frequency range 150 kHz to 80 MHz, field strengths should be less than 3 V/m.

EPS 45-80 High-Voltage Generator
viii Technical Manual P/N 9894.00.G6
Guidance and Manufacturer's Declaration – Electromagnetic Immunity
The EPS 45-80 High-Voltage X-ray generator is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment specified below.
The customer or the user of the EPS 45-80 High-Voltage X-ray generator should assure that it is used in such an
environment.
Immunity test IEC 60601
test level
Compliance level Electromagnetic
environment- guidance
Electrostatic
discharge (ESD)
IEC 61000-4-2
± 6 kV contact
± 8 kV air
± 6 kV contact
± 8 kV air
Floors should be wood, concrete
or ceramic tile. If floors are
covered with synthetic material;
the relative humidity should be at
least 30%.
Electrical fast
transient/burst
IEC 61000-4-4
± 2 kV for power supply
lines
± 1 kV for input/output
lines
± 2 kV for power supply
lines
± 1 kV for input/output
lines
Mains power quality should be that
of a typical commercial or hospital
environment.
Surge
IEC 61000-4-5
± 1 kV differential mode
± 2 kV common mode
± 1 kV differential mode
± 2 kV common mode
Mains power quality should be that
of a typical commercial or hospital
environment.
Voltage dips, short
interruptions and
voltage variations on
power supply input
lines
IEC 61000-4-11
< 5% UT
(>95% dip in UT) for 0,5
cycle
40% UT
(60% dip in UT) for 5 cycles
70% UT
(30% dip in UT) for 25
cycles
< 5% UT
(>95% dip in UT)
for 5 seconds
N/A Mains power quality should be that
of a typical commercial or hospital
environment. If the user of the
EPS 45-80 High Voltage X-ray
generator requires continued
operation during power mains
interruptions, it is recommended
that the EPS 45-80 High Voltage
X-ray generator be powered from
an uninterruptible power supply or
a battery.
Power frequency (50/60
Hz) magnetic field
IEC 61000-4-8
3 A/m 3 A/m Power frequency magnetic fields
should be at levels characteristic of
a typical location in a typical
commercial or hospital
environment.
UTis the a.c. mains voltage prior to application of the test level.

Introduction to Epsilon Technical Manual
Technical Manual P/N 9894.00.G6 ix
Recommended separation distances between portable
and mobile RF communications equipment and EPS 45-80 High-Voltage X-ray generator
The EPS 45-80 High-Voltage X-ray generator is intended for use in the electromagnetic environment in
which radiated RF disturbances are controlled. The customer or the user of the EPS 45-80 High-Voltage X-
ray generator can help prevent electromagnetic interference by maintaining a minimum distance between
portable and mobile RF communications equipment (transmitters) and the EPS 45-80 High-Voltage X-ray
generator as recommended below, according to the maximum output power of the communications
equipment.
Separation distance according to frequency of transmitter (m)
Rated maximum output
power of transmitter
W 150 kHz to 80 MHz
[] Pd 2,1=
80 MHz to 800 MHz
[] Pd 2,1=
800 MHz to 2,50 GHz
[] Pd 3,2=
0,01 0,12 0,12 0,23
0,1 0,38 0,38 0,73
1 1,2 1,2 2,3
10 3,8 3,8 7,3
100 12 12 23
For transmitters rated at maximum output power not listed above, the recommended separation distance din
meters (m) can be estimated using the equation applicable to the frequency of the transmitter, where Pis the
maximum output power rating of the transmitter in watts (W) according to the transmitter manufacturer.
NOTE 1 At 80 MHz and 800 MHz, the separation distance for the higher frequency range applies.
NOTE 2 These guidelines may not apply in all situations. Electromagnetic propagation is affected by
absorption and reflection from structures, objects and people.
Cable Types Requirements
The following cable types are the minimum requirements to maintain compliance with the
electromagnetic compatibility
No cable shall exceed 100 ft (33 m) unless in situ tests are performed to validate EMC compliance.
1) EPS Console cable: Supplied with the product; shielded & multi-conductors type (P/N 10015.xxx)
2) All interconnection cables for low voltage I/O signals between generator and customer equipment:
•(Generic type) Jacket insulated over 100% foil shield with ground drain conductor, multi-conductors type,
typical 20 AWG stranded, voltage rated for the purpose.
3) X-ray tube rotor supply cable
•(Generic type) Jacket insulated over 100%, foil shield with ground drain conductor, multi-conductors type 14
AWG minimum stranded, rated 600 volts minimum.
4) Phototube & photodiode cables
•RG59 type, 90 % shielded minimum recommended, internal conductor stranded, BNC connector terminated.
5) X ray tube high voltage cables Full braid shielded 100 kV type.
Types ll or lll as per NEMA Standard XR 7-1979 (R 1984, 1990)
6) Mains line and protective ground cables
Unshielded type, length and wire gage must be in accordance with applicable electrical code and local regulations.

EPS 45-80 High-Voltage Generator
x Technical Manual P/N 9894.00.G6
D. IMPORTANT SYMBOLS
Alert service representative to hazards that
could result in severe personal injury or
death.
Alert service representative to the fact that X-rays will be produced
during the detailed procedure.
Hazards which could result in equipment or property damage
Alert service representative to a procedure important for optimal
utilization of the device equipment.

Introduction to Epsilon Technical Manual
Technical Manual P/N 9894.00.G6 xi
E. TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION TO EPSILON TECHNICAL MANUAL ...........................................................iii
A. GENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................ iii
B. SAFETY PROCEDURES ....................................................................................................................................... v
C. ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY..................................................................................................... vi
D. IMPORTANT SYMBOLS ....................................................................................................................................... x
E. TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................................................................................... xi
1.0 INTRODUCTION TO EPSILON HF GENERATOR.............................................................. 1-1
1.1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................................1-2
1.1.1 Main Characteristics of EPS 45-80 High-Voltage Generator......................................................................1-2
1.1.2 System Configuration.........................................................................................................................................1-3
1.1.3 EPS High-Voltage Generator — Options......................................................................................................1-5
1.2 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS......................................................................................................................1-9
1.2.1 RAD Mode Specifications.................................................................................................................................1-9
1.2.1.1 Tube Loading Factors...............................................................................................................................1-9
1.2.1.2 Tube Loading Modes............................................................................................................................. 1-10
1.2.1.3 Focal Spot / Anode Speed Selection................................................................................................... 1-11
Auto Focal Spot in Radiography ................................................................................................................... 1-11
Auto Focal Spot in optional Cardiac mode ................................................................................................. 1-11
1.2.1.4 AEC Mode............................................................................................................................................... 1-12
1.2.1.5 Power Range............................................................................................................................................ 1-13
1.2.1.6 Typical kV Waveform............................................................................................................................ 1-14
1.2.2 Fluoro Mode Specifications ........................................................................................................................... 1-14
1.2.2.1 Fluoroscopy Types ................................................................................................................................. 1-14
1.2.2.2 General Specifications for Continuous & Pulsed Fluoroscopy ...................................................... 1-14
1.2.2.3 High Performance Pulsed Fluoroscopy.............................................................................................. 1-16
1.2.2.4 High Power Fluoroscopy Option ........................................................................................................ 1-17
1.2.2.5 ABS Modes.............................................................................................................................................. 1-17
1.2.3 Audible Alarms................................................................................................................................................. 1-18
1.2.4 Power Ratings/Line Requirements............................................................................................................... 1-19
1.2.5 Miscellaneous.................................................................................................................................................... 1-20
1.2.5.1 X-ray Tube Interface.............................................................................................................................. 1-20
1.2.5.2 Environmental Conditions.................................................................................................................... 1-20
1.2.5.3 Product Disposal .................................................................................................................................... 1-21
1.2.5.4 Physical Dimensions .............................................................................................................................. 1-21
1.3 REGULATION AND STANDARDS............................................................................................................. 1-24
1.4 PERFORMANCE ACCURACY AND REPEATABILITY........................................................................ 1-24
2.0 INSTALLATION ......................................................................................................................... 2-1
2.1 UNPACKING AND INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS .......................................................................2-2
2.1.1 Inspection of Material Received .......................................................................................................................2-2
2.1.2 Parts to Be Supplied By Customer...................................................................................................................2-3

EPS 45-80 High-Voltage Generator
xii Technical Manual P/N 9894.00.G6
2.2 INTERCONNECTION OVERVIEW...............................................................................................................2-4
2.3 INSTALLATION SETUP.....................................................................................................................................2-5
2.4 POWER LINE CONNECTION.........................................................................................................................2-7
2.5 X-RAY TUBE CONNECTION ..........................................................................................................................2-8
2.5.1 High Voltage Cable Connection.......................................................................................................................2-8
2.5.2 Tube Stator Connection.....................................................................................................................................2-8
2.5.3 Metal Center Section Connection ....................................................................................................................2-9
2.5.4 Thermal Switch (Tube Housing) Connection ................................................................................................2-9
2.6 EPSILON OPERATOR CONSOLE INSTALLATION............................................................................. 2-10
2.6.1 Console Installation & Connection............................................................................................................... 2-10
2.6.2 Optional Hand-Switch P/N 10018.xxx ....................................................................................................... 2-11
2.6.2.1 Hand-Switch Assembly.......................................................................................................................... 2-11
2.6.2.2 Hand-Switch Connection...................................................................................................................... 2-11
2.7 SYSTEM GROUNDING................................................................................................................................... 2-13
2.7.1 Protective Earth Ground................................................................................................................................ 2-13
2.7.2 System Grounding Configuration ................................................................................................................. 2-14
2.8 MECHANICAL ENCLOSURE OF THE GENERATOR......................................................................... 2-16
3.0 INTERFACING ........................................................................................................................... 3-1
3.1 SIGNAL INTERFACING TABLES...................................................................................................................3-3
3.1.1 Controller Board P/N 9798.01.........................................................................................................................3-3
3.1.2 Line Filter Board P/N 9916.00-.01..................................................................................................................3-8
3.1.3 Optional Boards..................................................................................................................................................3-9
3.1.3.1 Fluoro PMT Board P/N 9822.00 ...........................................................................................................3-9
3.1.3.2 Photodiode Ion Chamber Fluoro Board P/N 11030.000 ............................................................... 3-11
3.1.3.3 Relay Expansion Board P/N 9932.00................................................................................................. 3-13
3.1.3.4 Tube Switch Interface board P/N 9996.00........................................................................................ 3-13
3.1.3.5 Universal Chambers Interface Board P/N 11002.000 ..................................................................... 3-14
3.1.3.6 Auxiliary Power Supplies P/N 10023.001 & 10023.002 .................................................................. 3-14
3.1.3.7 CPX Adapter Board P/N 9990.00 ...................................................................................................... 3-15
3.2 EXPOSURE SWITCHES................................................................................................................................... 3-15
3.2.1 Exposure Switches........................................................................................................................................... 3-15
3.2.2 Hand-Switch Option ....................................................................................................................................... 3-15
3.3 EXPOSURE TRIGGERS................................................................................................................................... 3-17
3.4 PROGRAMMABLE DIGITAL INPUTS ....................................................................................................... 3-19
3.4.1 General .............................................................................................................................................................. 3-19
3.4.1.1 Programmable Input Types .................................................................................................................. 3-19
3.4.1.2 Selectable Voltage Threshold ............................................................................................................... 3-19
3.4.1.3 Inputs with Terminated Resistor ......................................................................................................... 3-20
3.4.2 RAD & Fluoro Interlocks .............................................................................................................................. 3-21
3.4.3 RAD/Fluoro Frame Rate Selection.............................................................................................................. 3-24
3.4.4 AEC/Fluoro Lock Mode Input Type .......................................................................................................... 3-25
3.4.5 AEC Reset Input Type ................................................................................................................................... 3-25
3.4.6 Fluoro Alarm Reset Input Type .................................................................................................................... 3-25

Introduction to Epsilon Technical Manual
Technical Manual P/N 9894.00.G6 xiii
3.5 DIGITAL OUTPUTS.......................................................................................................................................... 3-26
3.5.1 Digital Outputs Specification......................................................................................................................... 3-26
Optional Photodiode Ion Chamber Fluoro Board .................................................................................... 3-27
3.5.2 Types of Programmable Outputs.................................................................................................................. 3-27
3.5.2.1 Programmable Client Outputs ............................................................................................................. 3-28
3.5.2.2 “Alarm” Output Type............................................................................................................................ 3-28
3.5.2.3 “X-ray On” Output Type...................................................................................................................... 3-29
3.5.2.4 Frame Rate Output Type ...................................................................................................................... 3-29
3.5.2.5 Heat Units Over n% Output ............................................................................................................... 3-29
3.5.2.6 Operator Console Function Keys........................................................................................................ 3-30
3.5.3 Fast Digital Output.......................................................................................................................................... 3-30
3.5.4 Relay Contacts .................................................................................................................................................. 3-31
3.5.4.1 Power ON “K1” Relay Output (Line Filter Board) ......................................................................... 3-31
3.5.4.2 Programmable Relay Output (Line Filter Board).............................................................................. 3-31
3.5.4.3 Relay Expansion Board ......................................................................................................................... 3-31
3.6 AEC MODE INTERFACE ............................................................................................................................... 3-33
3.6.1 AEC Chambers Interfacing............................................................................................................................ 3-33
3.6.1.1 Ion Chambers.......................................................................................................................................... 3-33
3.6.1.2 Solid State AEC Chambers ................................................................................................................... 3-34
3.6.2 PMT or Photodiode Interfacing.................................................................................................................... 3-35
3.6.3 Remote Analog Signal/ Flat Panel Interfacing ........................................................................................... 3-35
3.6.4 SPD Dose Tracking Interface (Optional Feature) ..................................................................................... 3-36
3.7 FLUORO INTERFACE ..................................................................................................................................... 3-36
3.7.1 Image Intensifier Pickup Device ................................................................................................................... 3-36
3.7.2 Trigger (Pulsed Fluoro)................................................................................................................................... 3-38
3.7.3 Fluoro Footswitch & Interlocks.................................................................................................................... 3-38
3.7.4 External Control for Fluoro Dose Stabilization ......................................................................................... 3-38
3.8 COMMUNICATION PORTS........................................................................................................................... 3-39
3.8.1 Communication with a Computer................................................................................................................. 3-39
3.8.2 Communication with an External Console ................................................................................................. 3-40
4.0 SYSTEM SETUP .......................................................................................................................... 4-1
4.1 GENERATOR POWER-ON TEST ...................................................................................................................4-4
4.2 EPSILON PC TOOLS PROGRAM....................................................................................................................4-6
4.2.1 Program Installation ...........................................................................................................................................4-6
4.2.2 Connecting the Generator to the PC Laptop.................................................................................................4-6
4.2.3 EPSILON PC TOOLS User’s Guide .......................................................................................................... 4-10
4.2.3.1 Program Primer ...................................................................................................................................... 4-10
4.2.3.2 Data Storage and Generator's Configuration..................................................................................... 4-13
4.3 EPS GENERATOR CONFIGURATION ..................................................................................................... 4-13
Software Options ............................................................................................................................................. 4-14
Hardware Options ........................................................................................................................................... 4-16
4.4 TUBE SETUP ....................................................................................................................................................... 4-17
4.4.1 X-ray Tube Selection....................................................................................................................................... 4-17
4.4.2 X-ray Tube Derating ....................................................................................................................................... 4-18

EPS 45-80 High-Voltage Generator
xiv Technical Manual P/N 9894.00.G6
4.5 WORKSTATION CONFIGURATION......................................................................................................... 4-20
4.5.1 Workstation Configuration ............................................................................................................................ 4-20
RAD Exposure Types..................................................................................................................................... 4-23
AEC Devices .................................................................................................................................................... 4-23
RAD Frame Rate Setup .................................................................................................................................. 4-24
AEC Zero Point (Fluoro-RAD kV Transfer Curve) ................................................................................. 4-25
Saving/Sending Workstation Configuration ............................................................................................... 4-25
4.5.2 Programmable Inputs/Outputs Configuration........................................................................................... 4-26
Programmable Inputs Configuration............................................................................................................ 4-26
Programmable Outputs Configuration ........................................................................................................ 4-28
4.6 FLUORO CONFIGURATION........................................................................................................................ 4-30
4.6.1 General Fluoro Setup...................................................................................................................................... 4-31
4.6.2 Fluoro ABS Curves.......................................................................................................................................... 4-34
4.6.3 Multi-Zoom Fluoro Dose Stabilization........................................................................................................ 4-34
4.7 APR SETUP........................................................................................................................................................... 4-35
4.8 CONSOLE, LANGUAGE & TIME SETTINGS ......................................................................................... 4-39
4.8.1 Console Brightness, Contrast and Volume.................................................................................................. 4-39
4.8.2 Generator Clock............................................................................................................................................... 4-40
4.8.3 Language Module............................................................................................................................................. 4-40
4.8.3.1 Setting the Operator Console Language............................................................................................. 4-41
4.8.3.2 Console Language Translation Module .............................................................................................. 4-41
5.0 FIELD-CALIBRATION .............................................................................................................. 5-1
5.1 INITIAL TURN ON TESTS ................................................................................................................................5-2
5.1.1 Tube Stator Verification ....................................................................................................................................5-2
5.1.1.1 Epsilon Anode Starter board P/N 9962.xx ..........................................................................................5-3
5.1.1.2 EPS Starter board P/N 11104.xxx .........................................................................................................5-4
5.1.2 Pre-Calibration Exposure Test .........................................................................................................................5-5
5.2 X-RAY TUBE CALIBRATION...........................................................................................................................5-6
5.3 EXPOSURE TESTS ...............................................................................................................................................5-8
5.3.1 Output kV Waveform ........................................................................................................................................5-8
5.3.2 mAs Verification .................................................................................................................................................5-8
5.4 MAXIMUM FLUOROSCOPIC ENTRANCE EXPOSURE RATE ...........................................................5-9
5.4.1 Maximum Entrance Exposure Rate Adjustment...........................................................................................5-9
5.4.2 SPD Calibration (Option)............................................................................................................................... 5-10
5.4.3 Image Enhancement Mode Calibration (Option) ...................................................................................... 5-10
5.5 FLUORO DOSE STABILIZATION (BRIGHTNESS ADJUST) ............................................................. 5-10
5.5.1 Continuous or Standard Pulsed Fluoro........................................................................................................ 5-10
5.5.1.1 PMT Phototube ABS Device ............................................................................................................... 5-10
5.5.1.2 Photodiode ABS Device ....................................................................................................................... 5-11
5.5.1.3 Ion Chamber or Remote ABS Control............................................................................................... 5-13
5.5.2 Optional High Performance Pulsed Fluoro ................................................................................................ 5-13
5.6 FLUORO kV/mA TRACKING CURVES (CONTRAST ADJUST)........................................................ 5-14

Introduction to Epsilon Technical Manual
Technical Manual P/N 9894.00.G6 xv
5.7 ION CHAMBER SETUP & AEC CALIBRATION..................................................................................... 5-15
5.7.1 Ion Chamber Setup ......................................................................................................................................... 5-15
5.7.2 AEC Calibration Procedure ........................................................................................................................... 5-16
5.7.2.1 AEC Calibration Concept ..................................................................................................................... 5-16
A) AEC Feedback Gain Adjustment:........................................................................................................... 5-16
B) Film-Screen Correction (kV Compensation) ........................................................................................ 5-17
5.7.2.2 AEC Chamber’s Fine-Tuning Procedure ........................................................................................... 5-18
5.8 IMAGE BRIGHTNESS ADJUSTMENT ....................................................................................................... 5-20
6.0 USER ACCEPTANCE TESTS ....................................................................................................6-1
6.1 OPERATOR CONSOLE ACCEPTANCE TEST ...........................................................................................6-2
6.2 ACCURACY OF LOADING FACTORS..........................................................................................................6-3
6.2.1 kV Accuracy.........................................................................................................................................................6-3
6.2.2 mA Accuracy .......................................................................................................................................................6-4
6.2.3 mAs Accuracy......................................................................................................................................................6-5
6.2.4 Irradiation Time Accuracy.................................................................................................................................6-6
6.3 REPRODUCIBILITY OF LOADING FACTORS .........................................................................................6-7
6.4 LINEARITY OF LOADING FACTORS....................................................................................................... 6-12
6.5 CONSTANCY OF AEC MODE ...................................................................................................................... 6-15
6.6 AUTOMATIC EXPOSURE CONTROL LIMIT.......................................................................................... 6-18
6.7 FLUORO MODE................................................................................................................................................. 6-18
6.7.1 Fluoro Console................................................................................................................................................. 6-18
6.7.2 Fluoroscopic Entrance Exposure Rate ........................................................................................................ 6-18
7.0 TROUBLESHOOTING & SERVICING.................................................................................... 7-1
7.1 WARNING...............................................................................................................................................................7-3
7.2 EXPOSURE INHIBITION ..................................................................................................................................7-3
7.2.1 Exposure Limits..................................................................................................................................................7-3
7.2.2 Interlock Conditions...........................................................................................................................................7-3
7.3 FAULT CONDITIONS.........................................................................................................................................7-4
7.3.1 Abnormal End of Exposure .............................................................................................................................7-4
7.3.2 Operator End of Exposure ...............................................................................................................................7-4
7.3.3 Alarms...................................................................................................................................................................7-5
7.4 OPERATOR MESSAGES.....................................................................................................................................7-5
7.4.1 Informative Messages.........................................................................................................................................7-5
7.4.2 Inverter Problem Message / Power Reduction Mode..................................................................................7-6
7.4.3 Messages and Meanings .....................................................................................................................................7-7
7.5 DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES.............................................................................................................................. 7-13
7.5.1 Power On Self-Test ......................................................................................................................................... 7-13
7.5.2 Operator Console’s Service Mode ................................................................................................................ 7-13
7.5.2.1 Invoking the System Monitor in Console’s Service Mode............................................................... 7-14
7.5.2.2 Anode Monitoring.................................................................................................................................. 7-15
7.5.2.3 IGBT Code.............................................................................................................................................. 7-15
Resetting the Generator/Basket Status ........................................................................................................ 7-15

EPS 45-80 High-Voltage Generator
xvi Technical Manual P/N 9894.00.G6
7.5.2.4 Software Revision................................................................................................................................... 7-18
7.5.2.5 History Log.............................................................................................................................................. 7-18
7.5.2.6 Three-Phase Inverter Board Register.................................................................................................. 7-19
I- Inverter Board Status Register Updating ................................................................................................. 7-19
II- Inverter Board Power On Self-Test........................................................................................................ 7-20
III- Inverter Board Test on PREP................................................................................................................ 7-20
7.5.2.7 Statistics.................................................................................................................................................... 7-21
7.5.2.8 User’s Monitor Mode............................................................................................................................. 7-22
7.5.3 Epsilon PC Tools’ Diagnostic Mode............................................................................................................ 7-22
7.5.3.1 Monitor Module...................................................................................................................................... 7-22
7.5.3.2 History Log.............................................................................................................................................. 7-25
7.5.3.3 Tube Calibration Viewer ....................................................................................................................... 7-27
7.5.3.4 Generator Calibration Module ............................................................................................................. 7-28
7.5.4 Diagnostic Points............................................................................................................................................. 7-30
7.5.4.1 Controller Board P/N 9798.01 ............................................................................................................ 7-30
Test Points: ....................................................................................................................................................... 7-31
Typical Waveforms:......................................................................................................................................... 7-32
LEDs on Controller board:............................................................................................................................ 7-33
Input Voltage Reference & Threshold – J9 Connector:............................................................................ 7-33
7.5.4.2 3-Phase Inverter Boards P/N 9736.01 ............................................................................................... 7-33
Generator Power On LED: ........................................................................................................................... 7-33
7.5.4.3 Optional Fluoro Boards ........................................................................................................................ 7-34
7.5.4.4 Anode Starter Board .............................................................................................................................. 7-35
7.5.4.5 Optional Cable Discharge Interface Board P/N 11206.000 ........................................................... 7-36
7.6 REPLACEMENT OF HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE.......................................................................... 7-37
7.6.1 Three-Phase Inverter Board & EPS Starter Board Replacement ............................................................ 7-38
7.6.2 Generator Basket Replacement ..................................................................................................................... 7-42
7.6.2.1 Preliminary Step (Generator Configuration Data Backup).............................................................. 7-42
7.6.2.2 Replacement Procedure......................................................................................................................... 7-42
7.6.2.3 Firmware Upload and Final Verification ............................................................................................ 7-48
7.6.3 Optional Boards Replacement....................................................................................................................... 7-49
7.6.3.1 Fluoro Board Replacement................................................................................................................... 7-49
7.6.3.2 Anode Starter Board : Refer to Section 7.6.1..................................................................................... 7-49
7.6.3.3 Relay Board and Miscellaneous boards............................................................................................... 7-49
7.6.4 Fuse and Battery Replacement....................................................................................................................... 7-50
7.6.4.1 Battery Function and Replacement ..................................................................................................... 7-50
7.6.4.2 Fuse Replacement................................................................................................................................... 7-51
7.6.5 Software Update............................................................................................................................................... 7-52
7.6.5.1 Firmware & Epsilon PC Tools............................................................................................................. 7-52
7.6.5.2 Options Chip P/N 11037.xxx.............................................................................................................. 7-54
7.7 THEORY OF OPERATION ............................................................................................................................ 7-55
7.7.1 Functional Blocks ............................................................................................................................................ 7-55
7.7.1.1 kV Output................................................................................................................................................ 7-55
7.7.1.2 Power Supply........................................................................................................................................... 7-56
7.7.1.3 mA Control.............................................................................................................................................. 7-57
7.7.1.4 Filament Selection .................................................................................................................................. 7-57
7.7.2 Description of AEC Modes ........................................................................................................................... 7-58
7.7.2.1 User Configurable Backup Time AEC Mode.................................................................................... 7-58
7.7.2.2 Hidden Backup Time AEC Mode ....................................................................................................... 7-58
7.7.2.3 Falling Load Mode ................................................................................................................................. 7-59

Introduction to Epsilon Technical Manual
Technical Manual P/N 9894.00.G6 xvii
7.7.3 Generator Calibration and Configuration Data .......................................................................................... 7-60
7.7.3.1 Summary of Data.................................................................................................................................... 7-60
7.7.3.2 Integrity of Data ..................................................................................................................................... 7-60
7.7.4 Console Configuration & Communication.................................................................................................. 7-62
7.7.4.1 PC & Generator Link Types................................................................................................................. 7-62
7.7.4.2 Proprietary CANBUS Communication Protocol.............................................................................. 7-63
7.8 CONFIDENCE TEST........................................................................................................................................ 7-63
8.0 MAINTENANCE ........................................................................................................................8-1
8.1 MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE..........................................................................................................................8-2
8.2 MAINTENANCE PROCEDURE ......................................................................................................................8-3
8.2.1 Periodic Cleaning ................................................................................................................................................8-3
8.2.2 Exposure Indicators ...........................................................................................................................................8-3
8.2.2.1 RAD Exposure Indicators .......................................................................................................................8-3
8.2.2.2 “Deadman” Exposure Switch .................................................................................................................8-3
8.2.2.3 Fluoro Indicators.......................................................................................................................................8-4
8.2.2.4 X-Ray Disable Switch ...............................................................................................................................8-4
8.2.3 Annual Maintenance Procedure .......................................................................................................................8-4
8.2.3.1 Labels Inspection.......................................................................................................................................8-4
8.2.3.2 Cable Tightness / Weariness ...................................................................................................................8-4
8.2.3.3 System Grounding Inspection.................................................................................................................8-4
8.2.3.4 Field Calibrations.......................................................................................................................................8-4
8.2.3.5 Generator Data Backup............................................................................................................................8-5
8.2.3.6 Validation of AEC Mode .........................................................................................................................8-6
8.3 PACKAGING AND SHIPPING INSTRUCTIONS ......................................................................................8-7
8.4 PARTS MANUAL...................................................................................................................................................8-8
9.0 INSTALLATION REPORT ........................................................................................................ 9-1
9.1 GENERAL INFORMATION..............................................................................................................................9-1
9.1.1 Installation Information.....................................................................................................................................9-1
9.1.2 Generator Information ......................................................................................................................................9-1
9.1.3 Generator Accessories .......................................................................................................................................9-1
9.1.4 Measurement Devices ........................................................................................................................................9-2
9.2 GENERATOR INSTALLATION.......................................................................................................................9-2
9.2.1 Inspection of Material upon Reception...........................................................................................................9-2
9.2.2 Input Line Voltage Configuration....................................................................................................................9-2
9.2.3 System Grounding Inspection ..........................................................................................................................9-2
9.3 EPSILON CONFIGURATION ..........................................................................................................................9-3
9.3.1 Generator Configuration ...................................................................................................................................9-3
9.3.1.1 Workstation Configuration ......................................................................................................................9-3
9.3.1.2 Fluoro Configuration ................................................................................................................................9-4
9.3.1.3 Input Configuration ..................................................................................................................................9-5
9.3.1.4 Output Configuration ...............................................................................................................................9-6
9.3.2 Backup Data ........................................................................................................................................................9-6

EPS 45-80 High-Voltage Generator
xviii Technical Manual P/N 9894.00.G6
9.4 INITIAL TURN-ON ..............................................................................................................................................9-7
9.4.1 Preliminary Generator Power-On Test...........................................................................................................9-7
9.4.2 Exposure Test Verification ...............................................................................................................................9-7
9.5 FIELD CALIBRATION ........................................................................................................................................9-8
9.5.1 X-ray Tube Calibration ......................................................................................................................................9-8
9.5.2 Fluoroscopic Maximum Entrance Exposure Rate ........................................................................................9-8
9.5.3 ABS Mode Adjustment (Section 5.6)...............................................................................................................9-8
9.5.4 Image AEC/Brightness Devices ......................................................................................................................9-9
9.5.5 Field Selection/Integrator Reset (Section 5.7.1)......................................................................................... 9-10
9.5.6 Film Screen Combinations/ AEC Feedback Gain (Section 5.7.2) .......................................................... 9-10
9.6 USER ACCEPTANCE TESTS.......................................................................................................................... 9-10

Technical Manual P/N 9894.00.G6 1-1
1.0 INTRODUCTION TO EPSILON HF GENERATOR
IN THIS CHAPTER :
1.1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION............................................................................................................................... 1-2
1.1.1 Main Characteristics of EPS 45-80 High-Voltage Generator ............................................................1-2
1.1.2 System Configuration ...............................................................................................................................1-3
1.1.3 EPS High-Voltage Generator — Options ............................................................................................1-5
1.2 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS .................................................................................................................... 1-9
1.2.1 RAD Mode Specifications .......................................................................................................................1-9
1.2.1.1 Tube Loading Factors .......................................................................................................................1-9
1.2.1.2 Tube Loading Modes ......................................................................................................................1-10
1.2.1.3 Focal Spot / Anode Speed Selection............................................................................................1-11
Auto Focal Spot in Radiography................................................................................................................1-11
Auto Focal Spot in optional Cardiac mode..............................................................................................1-11
1.2.1.4 AEC Mode........................................................................................................................................1-12
1.2.1.5 Power Range.....................................................................................................................................1-13
1.2.1.6 Typical kV Waveform .....................................................................................................................1-14
1.2.2 Fluoro Mode Specifications...................................................................................................................1-14
1.2.2.1 Fluoroscopy Types ..........................................................................................................................1-14
1.2.2.2 General Specifications for Continuous & Pulsed Fluoro..........................................................1-14
1.2.2.3 High Performance Pulsed Fluoroscopy .......................................................................................1-16
1.2.2.4 High Power Fluoroscopy Option..................................................................................................1-17
1.2.2.5 ABS Modes .......................................................................................................................................1-17
1.2.3 Audible Alarms ........................................................................................................................................1-18
1.2.4 Power Ratings/Line Requirements ......................................................................................................1-19
1.2.5 Miscellaneous ...........................................................................................................................................1-20
1.2.5.1 X-ray Tube Interface .......................................................................................................................1-20
1.2.5.2 Environmental Conditions.............................................................................................................1-20
1.2.5.3 Product Disposal..............................................................................................................................1-21
1.2.5.4 Physical Dimensions........................................................................................................................1-21
1.3 REGULATION AND STANDARDS ............................................................................................................1-24
1.4 PERFORMANCE ACCURACY AND REPEATABILITY .......................................................................1-24

EPS 45-80 High-Voltage Generator
1-2 Technical Manual P/N 9894.00.G6
1.1 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
The EPS 45-80 High-Voltage generator is an Advanced High Frequency X-ray Generator designed
with a unique power inverter technology and modular conception.
As more power or custom features are needed, they are simply added using plug-in modules quickly
inserted to the generator's main core. The latter consists of an electronic controller driving an
encapsulated (oil-free) high-voltage unit. The generator comes in different configurations, best
suited to conventional RAD & Fluoro applications and to the latest digital procedures.
1.1.1 Main Characteristics of EPS 45-80 High-Voltage Generator
1. The EpsilonTM technology achieves variable frequency operation at up to 240 kHz, producing
kV flatness waveform and outstanding rise time swiftness (see Figure 1.4, page 14).
•This realization embodies important technological achievements designed with
innovative power switching inverter modules and a cascaded series of high frequency
power transformers embedded in a solid dielectric high voltage unit.
•Extremely sharp kV waveform, with rise and fall times unparalleled in the industry,
achieves superior image quality and reduced soft radiation.
2. A modular concept allowing large OEMs to efficiently manage the system configuration and
costs in order to compete successfully in today’s competitive world.
3. Smart Inverter Management optimizing the life of Inverter boards.
4. An exceptionally high efficiency which allows for less severe mains line impedance requirements.
5. Universal Line Voltage Input, allowing simple worldwide installation.
6. Self-diagnostic methods, using redundant circuits.
7. Epsilon PC Tools program used for installing, setting up and servicing the Epsilon High-
Voltage generator. The program features a system monitor mode, a history log and a statistics
register to record and track back important events occurring during the course of the generator
maintenance and normal operation.
8. RS-232 (or CAN) software providing full flexibility for customer control.
9. Automatic X-ray tube calibration.