Kodak f.7.7 User manual

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" If lt isn't an Eastman, .
istt't a Kodak."
,
I
:
'i
Picture Taking with the
Vest Pocket
Autographic
Kodak
Sp
ecial
Kodak Anastigmat Lens
t.7.7
4 Manulactured
by
i Eastman Kodak Company.
t Rochester,
N.
y.

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KODAK
Trade -lIark. 13Jt.
EASTMAN KODAK CO}TP.{\Y.
Rocnrs'rnn. N. Y.
Mexur-lct:unsRs oF
Kodaks.
Brownie Caineras.
Kodiopticons,
Kodak Film'Ianks,
Kodak Dry Mounting Tissue.
Velox Paper,
Eastman Film,
Eastman Solio Paper,
. Eastman Ferro-Prussiate papet.
Eastman Velvet Bromide paper,
Eastman Brilliant Velvet Bromide paper,
Easturan Royal Bromide paper,
Eastman Standard Bromide paper,
Eastman Platino Bromide paper,
Eastman Enameled Bromide paper.
Eastman Matte-Enamel Bromide paper,
Eastman I'ested Chemicals,
Tripods and
Other Specialties.
TRADE ]}IARKS REG. U. S. PAT, OFF.
-llarclt. 13lri.
..KODAKERY"
A monthly magazine that teaches how to
make better pictures will be sent FREE OF
CfIARGE to every one who p,rr"tr*r"" o*?
orrr
amateur cameras from a dealer in photo_
graphic goods,
provicled this blank is fiil;;;;
and sent to us within g0
days of the date the
camera was purchased.
AsTMAN
Kour CouplNy.
To rIIE EAsrlrrAN
Kooex Co., Rochester,
N. y.
_^Tn a(,dordance_ vith vorrr offer, please place rnv
13,.1,"
nn
the
mailing
liic for ..K,ro..r.kenv.;
i*iii ifri
lll$ifi'tLil?,?lhat
trrer,'
is
to r,e
no'eo-i;;";,;i'i
I
F
(Kind of Camera)
W'rite
name and
a,ddress
Plainll.
)
\
I
\
fi
f-#rltu*Ti'';"tfi
l*il;t*:l';H#.r*l
Form No. 338.16.

:
Picture Taking
with the
VEST POCKET
AUTOGRAPHIC
KODAK, Special
Kodak Anastigmat Lens,
t.7.7
Published by the
EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY,
Rochester, N. Y.

ORDER FILM
BY NUMBER
All Kodak Films may be clistinguishecl by
the numbers on the ends of the cartons,
The number for film for the Vest Pocket
Autographic Kodak Speci,al is
A-127
NOTICE
r\utographic film can be used in old style
Kodaks. old style film can be used in Auto-
graphic Kodnks, but to get trutographic re-
sulfs Autognrphic film must be used in an
Autographic Kodzlk.
BEFORE LOADING.
Before taking any pictures with the Vest
Pocket Autographic Kodak Spectal,
f .7.7, read
the following instructions carefully and make
yourself perfectly familiar with the instru-
ment, taking especial care to learn horv to
operate the shutter Work it for both time
and instantaneous exposures several times
before threading up the lilm.
The flrst ancl most important thing for the
amateur to bear in mirrd is that the light
which serves to impress the photographic
image upon the sensitive fiIm in a small frac-
tion of a secotrrl when it comes through the
lens, can destroy the film as quickly as it
makes the picture. -\fter the film has been
developed and all cleueloper thorou,ghtu
washectr
out, it ma1-
be quickly transferred irr
subdued white light to the fixing bath without
injury. 'Ihroughout all the operation of load-
ing and unloacling, lte extrernely careful to
keep the red paper rvound tightly around the
film to prevent the adrnission
of liEht.
E.\ST\I,\N KODAK COMPANY.

PART I.
LOADING THE KODAK.
CONTENTS.
Panr l-Loading.
P.rnl Il-Making tlte Exposurcs.
P,rnr IIl-Removing the Film.
P,r.nr lV-Developing.
I'.lnr V-Printing on Velox Paper.
P,rnr Vl-Mounting.
fhe film for the Vest Pocket
Autographic Kodak Special, .f.7.1
is furnished in light proof cart-
ridges ancl the instrument can
therefore be loadcd in claylight.
'I'he operation should, holvever, be
performed irr a subduecl
light, not
in Lhe
glare of bright surrlight. It
should also be borne iu mind that
after the seal is broken care must
be
t:rken to keep the red paper
taut
on the spool, otherwise it may slip
ancl loosen suffrcientl5' to fog the
film.
Tnn Fnu.
No. A-127

The Autographic FiIm Cartridge is made
rvith a thin rcd instead of the familiar thick
rcd and black (duplex) paper. The thin red
paper is rrot light proof in itself. Betrveen it
and tbe film is inserted a strip of tissue. This
tissuc serves two purposcs: To supplemcnt
the red paper in light proofing the cartridge,
and to permit the rt'cording, by light, of the
writing upon the film.
OPENING THE KODAK.
I. Take a position as far as possible from
any window. Hold Kodak in the left hand
and pull back catch in center of top of in-
strument, See
Fig. I.
Frc. II.
RruovrNc Top.
Loosen top by gently lifting up wiilr both
thumbs, and remove by pressing up with
forefingers as
shown in Fig. II.
Frc. lII.
II. In the film pocket at one end of the
Kodak will be seen
a metal spool having a slit
iu.it, This is the reel. which must now be
removed irs the cartridge is to be inserted in
this pocket.
III. Remove metal spool by catching it
n'ith the thumb and forelinger of the rigbt
hand, arrd lift same out. See
Fig. III.
IV. Remove the gummed slip that holds
the end of red paper, from the cartridge, and
thread tapered end of red paper into the slot
of the empty spool, so tha,t the sli,t itt, the end,
I oJ spool tui.l,l, be at the top, tuhile ct't
.the same
time the slit a,t encl, of full, spool, taill be at the
bottom oJ the cartridge. Then give the empty
spool three or four turns, or until the black
(6) (7)

tlre pockets, push both as far dolvn as poss;-
ble in order that the tension springs at tlie
side of the film pockets may hold thern securelS
in place, creating sufficient drag to draw tle
fllm taut, and afford perfect register of focai
plane.
The paper should now be in position as
shown in Fis. VI.
Frc. VI.
SnowrNc PosrrroN op PlPrn.
VII. Replace top of Kodak by reversing
opcration shown in Fig. II, Page
6.
Before fasterring the catch, however, press
down slightly on ttrp and turn winding kcy
toward front of Kodak, until the web on the
kcy engages in slit in top of spool. The top of
Kodak will not go fully into place until
winding web is thus seated. (Whethcrweb is
seated or not may be readily determined by
watching through the little window to see
whcther or not the paper moves when key is
turned). Then slide catch over to secure.top.
NoTE: If cover
is not properly
fftted, Iight will
be adrnitted to the fllrrr,
Throughout the Joregoi,ng opera,tions, from
the tim,e tlrc gu,mnted slitrt is cut on ,the freslt
roll of fr.lnz
unti,l th,e to(t is once more in place,
lceep th.e red paper wound, tightla on the roll.
If it is ctllowed, to loosen, light wiU be
ad,mitted, and the film fogged,.
(e)

Frc. VII.
VIII. The roll of film in the camera is
covered with red paper and ttris must be
reeled off before a picture can be taken, Turn
the key slowly toward front of Kodak and
wateh in the little red window at the back of
the camera. See Fig. VII.
PART II.
MAKING THE EXPOSURES.
A
/n
Before making an exposure with the Vest
Pocket Autographic Kodak Srtecial, :f.7.7,
either time or instantaneous, be sure of three
tlrings:
Frnsr-That the shutter is
adjusted properly.
(For time. instantaneous
or bulb exposnres,
a,s
desired.)
(n)
:IF 'tt.
When 15
to l8 half-turns have been
given, a
hand pointing toward the No. I exposure
will
appear, then turn slowly until the figure 1
appears before the window.
The film is now in position for making the
first picture. (ro)

Sncosn-'Ihat the diaphragm stop is set at
tlte proper opening,
Tnrnn-That an unexposed section of the
film rs
tumed into position.
SECTION I.
Operating the Shutter.
Perfect familiarity with the shutter is essen-
tial to successful picture taking with any
camera.
As the shutter on the Vest Pocket Auto-
graphic Kodak Special, f 7.7, is equippecl wiilr
the Autotime Scale, the following directions
should be carefully reacl ancl the shutter oper-
atecl several times before threadinE the filnr
up for use.
Directions Ior Using the Autotime
Scale in Connection with the
Vest Pocket Autographic
Kodak Special, f 7.7.
I. This shutter is always set. To make an
exposure simply place the indicator .,A" at
the point desired (for kind of exposure) and
press
dolvn on spring actuateci lever located
immediately back of the camera front.
, NoTE-\\'hen.rnakinE
the exposltre.
lrress
the shut_
{:el'.lever
.s10,rlil.
so Rs to avoid .iarrirrg the Kodak.
If.the Koda.k is rro[ he]d steadiiy a Ut-urieif tl;til;
will result.
Indicator A at "T" sets for time exposure.
Press the lever lirmly. This opens the shut_
ter. Time exposure by a watch. Again press
the lever. This closes the shutter. Great care
should be taken not to jar the camera.
Indicator at "B" makes bulb exposure' the
shutter remaining open as long as
the lever is
held down and closing when it is released'
Inclicator at 25
ot 50
gives speed of approxi-
mately 1'25
and 1 50
of a secorrd'
Kind oi Light.
'I'oP Soarn.
II. OnntNanv INsrlxrlxnous Exposunrs-
Set
indicator A according to the kind of light'
"
Brilliant" or "Clear."
BnrrruNr-Or intense sunshine' llse onlg
lvhen sunshine is clear and intense ancl is
shining directly on the principal part of the
picture,
Cr,n,rn This is used for all ordinary sunshine
and also for intense sunshine, when it is ztof
shining directly on principal part of picture
or lvhen part of the subjeet is in shadow.
When the subject is
in the shadow or during
cloudy weather, it will be necessary to make
a time exposure, in order to obtain a sufficient
illumination-under such conditions the cam'
'era should be set on some steady support and
the indicator set at "T" or "B" as
the judgment
of the operator may direct.
With "brilliant" or "clear" the camera may
be held in the hands.
Kind oI Picture.
Borrou Soaln.
III' set indicator "8" according:to kind of
picture.
Crouns-Use this division for no other
subjects.
03)
(rz)

fI-rnrxr: \'rr-n-
- When vierv is nearly all
rvater. s.ith ships
or yachts
at a long distance,
This division may also be used for distant
viex's, such as landscapes, mountain vieu.s,
etc., n'here the rl'hole vierv is
removed some
distance. or in other words, a general view,
tr:itltout a principal object in the foreground.
Excrprros-]Iarine or distant views may be
taken at open lens and instantaneous r,vhen
conditions retluire it, such as from decks of
moving r-essels lvhen the light is
poor.
Avtnrcn Yrr.n- I'onrnlrr-A Eencral lancl-
' scape u:i,tlt ct prittcipct"l object in the fore.
gt'ound, the general landscape being in ilre
nature of a background to ilre principal
object. For viervs
less
than one hundred feet
distance and for general
portraiture.
When the subject is on the shady side of a
buildingrvith good reflected light set ilre lower
pointer at Portrait and use
"Clear" for tirne.
MovrNc On;rc.rs-Uset for all moving objects
and for all near viervs rvhere ilre principal
object does not receive the direct lrght of the
sun or sky. Use
also for near objects of gen-
eral red, green,
brown or black color.
. Nolc
-lix1,ose
llrvur.s
fol.
tlre
lrrineiplsl
subiect
ilr
I nc
l)tcture
w lriclr
J
uu
rv
ish
to
brins,
out.
. General.
IV. Moving objects recluire .ilre use of
"brilliant" and "moving objects."
Ordinary moving objects, such as people
walking, street traffic, etc.,
can be taken wiilr
"brilliant" or "clear" ancl
"moving objects."
In case it is clesirable to cut dorvn the aper-
ture in orcler to gain th€ full depth of the focus
of your lens it is only necessarlr to move the
indicator "8" to "clouds" or stop !-'32 and
make a short time exposure setting indicator
A at ,,'f" or ..8", as the judgment of the
operator maY direct.
In cities where the light is rnodified by ltigh
buildings use slightll' largel aperture than
indicated.
The markings are f
or Summer at mid-day'
During Winter or for morning or afternoon
rrse
next larger aperture than indicated'
SECTION II.
If prefelrecl the following instructions may
be
ttsetl.
"SnaP Shots"
!'or trll ordinary Instantaneous Exposures'
Frnsr-Set the indicator A at 25 or 50' This
adjusts the shutter for instantaneous expo-
sures of 1-25
and 1-50
of a second'
Sr:coNn-Set the indicabor B at f i'7' Lever
B controls the Iris diaphragm, and /'7'7 is tltt:
proper opening for ordintrry instantaneous
exposures.
'furnu-Press clown on spring actuated lever,
immediately back of camera front' This
rnakes the exPosure.
Norr: In bright light, set the lever at t)0,.
Ure
hiebeFt st'ee(I. lll mole slllldued liAnts ser au zD'
irLii do ni't a.tl,et)tl)c
to lnake anI illstant'aneuus
exposltres in very dull light.
(14) (15)

Time Exposures.
F-rnsr-Set ilre
levcr A at ilre point T (timd.
'I'his
ndjrrsts
thc shutter for time exposures.
Srcoro-Set the leYer
B ^t .f.7.7,11,
t6,
22 or
3?. accordine to ilre time of exposure and
nature of srrltject. See instructions for use
of
stops, page
gJ.
Trrrno-Press down on spring actuaterl lever.
Tltis opens tlie shutter. 'lime exposlrc blr a
watch. Aeain press the lever. This <,lirses
the shutter.
Bulb Exposures.
When it is rlesirable to make a very sltort
time exposure ilris is best nccomplislred by
tnaking a "bulb cxposure."
Frnsr-Set the indicator A at the Foint ,,8,,
(bulb). fhis adjusts ilre shuttcr for bulb
exposures.
Sr:coxo-Sctthe indicator B controllins flre
stops,
at f.7,7, tL,16,
Z.J
or B?,
as desired. See
page
35.
THrnn-Press lever to open the shutter. ancl
release it to close the shutter. 'Ihis makcs
the exposure. The shutter rvill remain operr
as lolg as
the ler.er
is
undcr pressurc.
Iulontaxr.
Never oil slrutter. In case
of acciderrt,
re_
turn Ko<lak
to your dealer or to us
for repairs.
The Lens.
The Vest Pocket Autographic Kodak S1:.teci,ctl,
f.7.7, is etluipped lviilr a Kodak Anastigmat
lens, the speecl
of which is indicated *V.i.l
tneaning that it will cut sharp to the corrrers
at l/ 7.7 of its focal length.
Get Acquainted With Your Lens'
The user of any lens should familiarize him-
self ivith its limitations, as well as with its
capabilities. This is particularly true in the
czr,se
of the Anastigmtats, and rve
therefore ask
that those who are not entirely familiar u'ith
photographic optics, read the following brief
exptanation, that they may get the full benefit
of the power of their lens' and that, on tlte
other hand, they do not ask of it the im-
possible. It should be borne in mind, horv-
ever, that rvhat we have to say here is
applicable only to lenses
such as are supplied
on ttie Vest Pocket Autographic Kodak' These
directions make no pretention to covering the
entire field of photographic optics'
In comparing the work of one lens rvith
another you must, first of all, remember that
such comparisons must be made with a stop
opening of the same relative size' In com-
paring the Arrastigmat with the Meniscus
Achromatic, with rvhich the regular Vest
Pocket Autographic Kodak is equipped, do
,not expect as
great depth of focus with yolr
Anastilmatset at an opening of f'7'7 as.the
Meniscus lens gives at its largest openlng'
/.r1.t. TheAnastigtnat atl'11 willgive greater
depth of focus than the Meniscus of the same
foial length with approximately the same
opening, *ttit", on the other hand, the Men-
iscus
will not work aI all at f
'1'7
'
NorE : It shoulrl
be
borne
in mind that.the
shorter
trr"jit:rgtii6fiJciis, ltte sreater thc deptlr of Joctts'
fnli "iirl"i"" *hy ver'y.sinall
canreras'
suclr
&s^
tl)e
\ est Pocket
Aut()grallnlc
kirrlak'
ean
ltave
" ll{*::4
r,riris;'
1l,"movabie1,'
t' trite
larger carlrera's
are arl
lrade so they can be focused'
(16) (rr)

What Depth ol Focus Means.
Suppose norv that you are using your Anas_
tigmat at the full opening./.f.f. An object t0
feet distant x'ill be absolutely sharp, objects
6
and 25
feet distant, rvhile not as sharp,
will
be sharp enough for all ilractical purposes.
Stop your Anastigmat down to /.f1. and
those
objects
each side of ilre exact point of
focus will rnaterially increase in sharpness.
Go
further arrd use stop f.zL, or a still smaller
stop, and cverything from 5 feet on to infinity
will be sharp. It will thus be seen ilrat ilre
srnaller
the stop
the
greatcr the depth of focus,
i. e., the greater ilre power of ilre lens tc,
sharply deline. But it is obvious ilrat with
the small stops the exposure must be cor-
respondingly lengtherrecl.
ANASTIGMAT SPEED.
IJsing a stop of f.tl. or smaller, the advan_
tages of the Anastigmat over ilre \.{eniscus
Achromatic lens
is
an improvement in dclini_
tion and in the corrections of lines, But let
us suppose
that we desire to take a picture on
a cloudy day. What do we find? The /,
value of the lens denotes the relation of the
opening in that lens
to its focal length. Sup-
pose then, that we are using the Nleniscus
Achromatic lens, (3 inch focus), speed
/.u.e,
and an Anastigmat lens, speed, /.?.2 of the
same length of focus, 3 inches. How do they
compare in speed
? To reduce this to its
simplest terms, we will divide ilre focal
length (three inches) in each case b]' the
value. g '.- ll.8:265
3':- 7.7--389
It will thus be seen that in using the l'Ienis-
cus lens the largesb opening is 265-1000
of an
inch in diameter and, rvith the Anastigmat
389-1000
of an inch, I'he amount of ligltt aci-
mitted by a lens in a given time depencls, of
course, upon the area of the opening at th:rt
time being used in that lens. The amount of
light admitted in a given time with the-se
different lenses
would, therefore, be in direct
proportion to the square of their diameters.
flere, then, ornitting the fractions, is the
result :
f,,Ieniscus
Achromatic lens 265 x 265: 102
Anastigmat Ierrs, 389 x 389:1513
We thus find that the speed of the Anastig-
mat is double thespeed of the \'Ieniscus
lens,
it therefore admits twice as much light as Ure
Meniscus in a given amourrt of time. Therein
lies the greatest Anastigmat advantage. But
simply because
it has tltis speed, you don't
ahvays need to use it. The speed must be
uscd rvith discretion, just as
greater care is re-
quired in operating arr automobile than in
operating a bicycle.
Under conditions that would give you good
results
with a lleniscus lens atl.11.3, use stop
/.11, with your Ar.rastigmat, don't use the
largest opening for every occasion use it
only for emergency. Your greatest Anastig-
(18) (
le)

mat adr-antage lies in thc fact ilrat when the
ligirt is so
poor that you cannot gct a
properly
tirned negatir-e rvith your Nleniscus Icns at its
greatest
opening,/.11.3,
withoutresorting to a
time exposure, you can open up your Anas-
tigmat to its full openirrg
and get a successful
snap shot.
A LAW OF OPTICS.
The larger the stop opening, the less
depth
offocus. This is not arule covering any par.
ticular lens that \,ve
or anyone else exploits.
It's as fixed as the course of the planets.
\Yith a large opening, depth of focus must bc
sacrificed. In this matter of opening, then,
tlre
difflercnce
betrveen
tlre ]\Icniscus
arrd ilrc
Anastigmat is this: I'he Anastigmat will cut
shzrrp on objects over the entire picture, wiilr
a large opening, admitting a large amount of
light, thus requiring a relatively short ex-
posure ; but when this large operring is used,
there is no great depth of focus. (With the
very short focus lenses, however. such as are
used on the Vest Pocket Autographic Koclak,
this quality is
negligible). The N{eniscus
lens
rvill not cut the errtire picture sharp with its
largest opening. With the srnaller openings,
as /.11., etc., the Anastigrnat has grcater
depth of focus and gives sharper clefinition
over the entire picture.
DEDUCTIONS.
It is
perfectly evident then that it is best to
use only a moderately Iarge stop opening,
(say /.ff ) even with the Anastigmat, :and
tirne accordingly when conditions will permit.
Horvever. when the light is dull and a snap
shot is desired, the full opening may be used.
SECTION III.
Instantaneous Exposures.
("SN.qp
Snors.")
In taking instantaneous exposures
theobject
should be in the broad, operr sunlight, but the
camera should not. l'he sun should be behind
the back or over the shoulder of the operator.
If it shines directly into the lens it will blur
and fog the picture,
(zr)
@o)

Opening and Focusing the Camera.
I. Grasp the instrument in the left hand,
and 'lvith the thumb and forefinger of the
right hand, take hold of the lips at right and
left of front. See ['iE.
I.
Frc. IL
II. Extend bellows by pulling out front to
limit of motion with a firm, quick movement,
being sure that it drarvs out straigbt and true.
The camera is then in focus. See Fig. IL
To make a vertical picture, aim the camera
at the object to be photographed and locate
the image in the finder. See l'ig. III.
l'rc. III.
Always look into the finder from directly
over it, not a't a,rL
angle. 'lhefinder shows the
scope of view and is a facsimile of what the
picture will be. I{olcl the camera steady' as
the least jarring will cause a blurred negative
-hold it level as
shown in Fig. III' and press
th,e
leuer. This molces tlrc erposu're'
To make a horizontal picture, reverse the
findcr ancl
hold Koclak as shown in Fig' IV'
Any object that does not show
will not show in the Picture.
(22) (ss)
in the findgr

EEI
VlfW INCLUDi:D u Ha\ llAKlNC VIE\V INCLUDED !i/HEN MAKINC
A HORIZO\TAL PiCTIRL A VERTICALPICTURE.
F'rc. V.
It will be noticed that the top of the {inder
is notched as shown in Fig. V, This is
done str
that the one linder will correctly show thc
view included rvhen the Kodak is held in
either horizontal or vertical position. As the
picture taken rvith the Vest Pocket Auto-
graphic Kodak Speci.al is oblong it will readily
be seen that unless the finder was made irr
this rnanner, it lvould not correctly show the
exact view intende<l when held in eiflrer'
positiol.
Remember that <lnly the view indicated
within the
dotted lineswill sholv
in the
picture.
: The Kodak Must Be Held Level.
If the operator attempts to photograph a
tall building while standing near it, by point-
ing the camera upward (thinking thereby to
center it) the result will be similiar to Fig. VI.
This was poiuted too high. This buildine
shoukl have been taken from the middle story
window of the building opposite.
The operator should hold the cameraleael,
after withclrawing to a proper distance, as
indicated by the image shown in the finder'
Frc. VI.
If the object be down low like a small child
or a dog, the Kodak shnuld be held down level
with the center of the obiect
Norn: When Koda,k
is not in use be especially
caietut'not to expose
face of instrument to direct
rays of the sun.
@4) Qs)

Frt;. VlI.
THE AUTOGRAPHIC FEATURE.
The Autographic Kodak has a small tloor
on the back, covering a narrow slot tlrrough
which the writing is done upon the red paper.
The siot is provided witb an automatic safety
spring border which operates when the door
is open to press the papers into contact with
back of the film, thus securing thb sharp print-
ing of the image of the writing and preventihg
the diffusion of light around the edges of the
slot. This slot is located so
that normally the
writing comes between the exposures.
:#
Frc' VIII.
Position
of pencil
(or stylus) when wtiting record
data
on Autographic Film Cartridge
used
in AutograPhic Kodak'
THE OPERATION.
After the picture is taken open the door, by
lifting it upwardswith the thumb. (F
jg.
vII')
Use the stylus, or a smooth pointed pencil'
hetd in as upright a position as
is convenient,
and write on the strip of exposed red paper
any memorandum desired, such as
the title of
the pieture, the date, or details in regard to
the exposure, light, stops, etc. (Fig. VIII.)
The following " Autoeiraphic Reibrd Strip "
is printecl merely to suggest a few of the
thousand and one ways in which autographic
records may be used to add value to your
negatives.
o1\
(26)

, 4+h- 11. B0r<x -Soao. Ca{q,L*-
8/q/1+ J-pl4- anls [.".sa
AN AUTOGRAPHIC NEGATIVE.
To get a clear impression, press firmly
on both up and down strokes. Whi.l,e
urit-
ing, or aftemuards, 'the sun shotcld not be
allou;ecl to sltine ttpon th,e
paper. Tl:'e action
of the pencil or stylus so affects the tissue as
to permit the light to record the writing upon
the fllm. After finishing the writing, the door
should be left open for the printing, in accord-
ance with the following table.
INc*lrsonscnNr
LroiIr-distance 2
i nches, 50
to
60 seconds.
Wrirsnacn Lrcnt-distance 6 inches. 30 to 60
seconds,
Close the door before winding a new ffIm
into place.
Caution. In order to locate the writing
accurately in the space between the negatives
it is important that the film should be turned
so that the exposure number centers perfectly
in the red windo.w of the Kodak.
If a pencil be used, the point must be dry
and it must not be of the " indelible " variety,
Turn a new film into position: Turn the
key in top of camera slorvly to the left until
the next number appearsbefore the red win-
dorv (I'age
10,
Fig. VII). I'hree or four turns
will be sumcient to accomplish this.
Itepeat the foregoing operations for each
picture.
NorR- The rvarning itrdex ha,nd al)pcal's onl)- be-
fore No. 1.
Important.-When you have used the last
exposure (No.8) on your roll of film and have
rnade the autographic record of it in accord-
ance rvith'the foregoing directions, turn the
winding key of the Kr:rdak until a letter (A)
appears in the center of the window in the
back of Kodak. Raise the door and write your
tffcara et-}",t'tffvt +"^t d,"4,
1\ti.tri t. -tc..,.rra f,o .tu*,}C f|gf5
)iltn*,ai'*aE* OJ4d{
{+o,.qi,^4 €d&&, t?"qof ln tao
*n-n a{lrnr"q tanr, t/A ao4
Ae<-k #4-7 t/61t4
Pji'"q r-*^f,i''];.A-'3lSl'+
O;.t^x"-f, Iat- r/1lr*
O..r*t u'rlt cYr.vpfforl-
(Erpose to the slca bwt not to the sun).
I i INDOORS
CLOSE
I OUT
Or.Doons I ro wrNnow
uR-t,t"NT ttc"T Z t" f, S"-"a" I n t,o f So.r-"r*
-
,,-.o "rona-.- ll t,, ro s""-t,r" I0 t. 15 S""""d-
11l<ragrti,t-
1u*,4tt*- 5h h
q
Aoo&^{ c+{i.&&J3^d-
+**x-t <t"i ,"'tnr^'
t^tn glrl,+
(28) \291

name on tiie red paper,
expose
it to the sky the
same as
rras done s'hen making the exposure
records,
then close the door and finish wind-
ing film ancl
red paper for removal from the
Kodak. Your fiim is now ready to send
toyour
rinisher,
and when developed will be readily
identified br- the autographic copy of your
name s'h;cir 1-ou
wrote on the rcd paper.
Close
the door before winding a new film into
place.
SECTION IV.
Time Exposures-Interiors.
1. \\'hen it is desired
to make a vertical
exposure. pull dolvn the lever underneath
lou'er part of front, which will act as a sup-
port, and place camera in position on some
flrm base, such as a chair or table, as shown
in Fie. I.
Frc. I.
M,rxrxc l Trun Exposunn.
Set camera in such a position that the finder
will embrace the view desired' The diagram
shows the proper positions for the camera'
ii ttto"fa "ot u" pointed directly at a
window'
Dr.lcn.au SnowrNo Posrrroxs on Clunu'
as
the glare of light will blur the picture' If
uir ir't" *i"aows cannot be al'oided' pull down
the shades of such as come wiurin the range
of the camera.
When it is desired to make a horizontal time
exposure, place camera as shown in Fig' II'
Frc' II'
All beiirg in readiness, set the slrutter as
described on page 16' push the lever' once to
.O"" ""a tgultt to close the shutter' l]ime
the exPosure bY a watch'
(31)
t\
G0)

Another Method.
Another wayof making short.time exposures
which has much to recommend it is
as f ollows :
Hold the palm of the hand before the front
of the Koclak, so as to cover the lens and ex-
clude all light (see
Fig. III). Press the reiease
to open the shutter; remove the hand ancl
give the proper exposure; replace the hand
in front of lens and again press
the release to
close shutter,
Frc. II1.
Some experienced amateurs prefer this
method with any camera not having a pneu-
matic release, as it practically does
away with
all danger of jarring the instrument during
exposure,
and thus blurring the picture.
Tunr rnl; Kr:y.
After making the Autographic record, turn
a new fihn into position, as descnbed befoie.
See
page
29,
Tun Kon.l,x rs Nor'v Rr,:.lr>y r,'on rsn Nr,:xr
Ixrunron Exposunr.
Follow the directions given heretofore for
each successive
exPosure.
\,Vhen the last Interior Exposure is made'
adjust the shutter for instantaneous exposures
as before directed.
Time Needed lor Interior Exposures'
Tlie following table gives the time of the
exposure requirecl under varying conditions of
tlght with stop /.10 in the lens' If stop /'1r is
used, give only one-half the time' with /'7'7
give one-fourth the time, if stop f'22 is used
give twice the time of the table, al f '32 give
iour times the time of the table' 'fhe smaller
the stop the sharper the picture' Stop No' 16
gives the best average results for interiors'
White walls and more than one window:
bright sun
outsicle,-
4 seconds;
hazy
sun'
l0seconds;
ctctiidY
brjght, 20 seconds;
cloudy
dull, 40
seconds'
White walls and onlY one window l
brie'ht
sun
outside,
6 seconds;
'haaY
sun.
15 seeon'Is; -
ctorittY
bright' :10 seconds;
cloudY
dull. 60
seconds'
Medium colored walls and hangings and more
than one
window:
brisht sun
outside' 8 seconds;
hal.Y sun,
20 seconds;
cloritt.Y brignt' 40 secon(ls;
cloudi dull, 80
seconds'
Medium' colored walls and hangings and orrly
one
window:
briEht sun
outside,
12 seconds;
hazy
sun,
30
seconds;
cloridY
bright, 60
seconds;
cloudY
dull' 120 seconds'
\-
(32) (3r)