8
The U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission
(CPSC) estimates that about 100,000 playground
equipment related injuries resulting from falls to the
ground surface are treated annually in U.S. hospital
emergency rooms. Injuries involving this hazard
pattern tend to be among the most serious of all
playground injuries, and have the potential to be
fatal, particularly when the injury is to the head. The
surface under and around playground equipment can
be a major factor in determining the injury causing
potential of a fall. It is self evident that a fall onto a
shock-absorbing surface is less likely to cause a seri-
ous injury than a fall onto a hard surface. Playground
equipment should never be placed on hard surfaces
such as concrete or asphalt and while grass may
appear to be acceptable, it may quickly turn to hard
packed earth in areas of high traffic. Shredded bark
mulch, wood chips, fine sand or fine gravel are con-
sidered to be acceptable shock-absorbing surfaces
when installed and maintained at a sufficient depth
under and around playground equipment.
Table 1 lists the maximum height from which a child
would not be expected to sustain a life-threatening
head injury in a fall onto different loose-fill surfacing
materials if they are installed and maintained at
depths of 6, 9, and 12 inches. However, it should be
recognized that all injuries due to falls cannot be
prevented no matter what surfacing material is used.
It is recommended that a shock-absorbing material
should extend a minimum of 6 ft. in all directions
from the perimeter of stationary equipment such as
climbers and slides. However, because children may
deliberately jump from a moving swing, the shock ab-
sorbing material should extend in the front and rear
of a swing a minimum distance of 2 times the height
of the pivot point measured from a point directly
beneath the pivot on the supporting structure.
This information is intended to assist in comparing
the relative shock-absorbing properties of various
materials. No particular material is recommended
over another. However, each material is only effective
when properly maintained. Materials should be
checked periodically and replenished to maintain
correct depth as determined necessary for your
equipment. The choice of a material depends on the
type and height of the playground equipment, the
availability of the material in your area, and its cost.
#/.35-%2).&/2-!4)/.3(%%4&/20,!9'2/5.$352&!#).'-!4%2)!,3
*This information has been extracted from the CPSC publications “Playground Surfacing--Technical Information Guide” and “Hand-
book for Public Playground Safety.” Copies of these reports can be obtained by sending a postcard to the: Office of Public Affairs, U.S.
Consumer Product Safety Commission, Washington, D.C., 20207 or call the toll-free hotline: 1-800-638-2772.
***This data is from tests conducted by independent testing laboratories on a 6-inch depth of uncompressed shredded tire samples
produced by four manufacturers. It is recommended that persons seeking to install shredded tires as a protective surface request test
data from the supplier showing the critical height of the material when it was tested in accordance with ASTM F1292.
5 ft 6 ft 7 ft 9 ft 10 ft 11 ft 12 ft
-- 6 in -- -- 9 in 12 in --
-- 6 in 9 in -- -- -- 12 in
6 in -- 9 in 12 in -- -- --
-- 6 in 9 in -- 12 in -- --
-- -- -- -- 6 in -- --
4!",%$EPTHOF3URFACING-ATERIAL2EQUIRED"ASEDON&ALL(EIGHTS
Material / Fall Height
Double Shredded
Bark Mulch
Wood Chips
Fine Sand
Fine Gravel
Shredded Tires***
**The maximum fall height for this product is 60 in (152 cm).
We recommend using 6 in (15 cm) of Double Shredded Bark Mulch.**
(152 cm) (183 cm) (213 cm) (274 cm) (305 cm) (335 cm) (366 cm)
(15 cm) (23 cm) (30 cm)
(15 cm) (23 cm)
(15 cm) (23 cm)
(23 cm)
(15 cm)
(15 cm)
(30 cm)
(30 cm)