MOS KIM-4 User manual



CHAPTER
1
INTRODUCTION
Congratulations
on
your
purchase
ofa
KIM-4motherboard.
You
will
now
be
able
toadd
additional
memory
to
your
KIM
system,
as
well
as
EROM,ROM,
and
othersystemcomponents
as
they
are
introduced
byMOS
Technology,Inc.
Because
the
KIM-4motherboard
will
form
the
heart
of
yourmicrocomputer
system,interconnecting
allof
your
othersystemcomponents,pleasetake
a
few
minutes
to
readthismanualcompletelybeforeattempting
touse
yourKIM-4.
Chapter
2 of
thismanualdescribes
howto
install
and
check
out
yourKIM-4
motherboard.Chapter
3
containsschematics
anda
brieftheory
of
operation,
Chapter
4
contains
your
warrantyinformation
for
thismodule,
and
Appendix
A
describes
howtousethe
directmemoryaccesscapabilityincorporated
in
the
motherboard.Appendix
B
contains
a
suggestedpowersupply
for
supplying
current
to
your
KIM
system.
There
isone
importantpoint
you
shouldunderstandbeforeusingyourKIM-4
motherboard.Because
ofthe
highcurrentinvolved
in
supplyingpower
to
multiple
expansionboards,
MOS
Technology,Inc.
has
designedyour
KIM
system
so
that
you
mayusea
single
unregulated
+8v
supply
forallthe
cardswhich
youcan
mount
in
your
KIM
motherboard.
Donot
attempt
to
poweryour
KIM
systemthrough
a
regulated
+5v
supply.Eachexpansionmoduleprovided
fortheKIM
system
will
contain
its
own+5v
regulatorwhich
will
require
the+8vas
input.
A
regulator
is
provided
on
the
motherboard
to
feedregulated
+5vto
your
KIM-1microcomputermodule.
Thisregulatoralsoworks
offthe+8v
which
you
supply
tothe
motherboard.
If
youdonot
have
a +8v
unregulatedpowersupply,
refer
to
Appendix
B fora
schematic
for
such
a
unit.
Your
KIM-4motherboard
has
been
carefully
designed
for
years
of
uninterrupted
service
to
you.
If,forany
reason,
the
unitshouldfail,follow
the
instructions
contained
in
Chapter
4 to
provideservice
for
yourmodule.
We
hopethat
the
KIM-4
will
bea
powerful
and
usefuladdition
to
your
KIM
system.

END
VIEW


CHAPTER
2
INSTALLATION
AND
CHECKOUT
2.1
Installing
the
Hardware
When
you
have
unpacked
your
KIM-4,
locate
the
hardware
packet
and
attach
the
four
rubber
feet
as
shown
in
Figure
1.
Then
install
the
twelve
card
guides
with
the
screws
supplied.
See
Figure
2 for
correct
placement.
Ifyou
have
one
or
more
KIM
expansion
modules,
put
them
in
each
card
slot
to
assure
correct
placement
ofthe
guides.
Three
threaded
spacers
are
provided
to
elevate
your
KIM-1.
Attach
them
as
shown
in
Figure
3.
2.2
Attaching
KIM-4
to
KIM-1
Using
Your
Old
Power
Supply
Remove
any
expansion
cards
you
have
placed
in
KIM-4
and
disconnect
the
female
connector
attached
tothe
application
connector
on
your
KIM-1.
(You
will
also
have
to
disconnect
any
connector
you
have
mated
tothe
KIM-1
expansion
connector.)
Carefully
slide
theKIM
application
and
expansion
connector
tabs
into
thetwo
mating
female
receptacles
onthe
KIM-4
motherboard.
(See
Figure
4)
Remove
any
connections
you
have
made
tothe
female
application
connector
pins,
B,C,D,E,F,H,orJ.
Remove
the
jumper
connected
topinK.
Now
attach
your
old
KIM-1
female
application
connector
tothe
KIM-4
application
connector
tabas
shown
in
Figure
4.Ifyou
have
not
previously
wired
a
connector
for
your
KIM-1,
refer
to
your
KIM-1
User
Manual,
Chapter
2,for
details.
For
initial
checkout
ofthe
KIM-4
youcanusethe
power
supply
you
previously
connected
to
KIM-1.
The+5vand
+12v
pins
onthe
KIM-4
application
connector
are
routed
directly
tothe
KIM-1,
bypassing
the
regulators
onthe
KIM-4;
these
voltages
arenot
distributed
onthe
motherboard
expansion
module
connectors.
Thus
your
old
+5v
and
+12v
power
supply
cannot
be
used
to
power
expansion
modules
inserted
in
the
motherboard.
Turn
your
old
power
supply
on,
depress
the
reset
button
onthe
KIM-1
keyboard,
and
verify
that
your
KIM
still
operates
normally.
Ifyou
wish,
load
a
program
from
your
cassette
tape
interface
and
verify
that
it
operates
correctly.

2.3
Attaching
Your
New
Power
Supply
to
KIM-4
Because
the
motherboard
contains
a +5v
regulator
for
your
KIM-1
anda
+12v
regulator
for
your
audio
cassette
interface,
you
should
power
your
entire
KIM
system
from
a +8v
unregulated
power
supply
anda
+15v
regulated
power
supply.
Attach
the
ground,
+8v,
and
+15v
supplies
tothe
KIM-4
power
connector
as
shown
in
Figure
5.
Some
expansion
cards
provided
with
theKIM
system
also
require
a
negative
voltage.
Ifyou
plan
on
installing
such
cards
you
must
also
connect
a
-15v
supply
tothe
appropriate
pinonthe
KIM-4
power
connector.
When
fully
expanded,
your
KIM
system
may
require
as
much
as15Aof
+8v.
To
avoid
voltage
drops
between
your
power
supply
andthe
KIM-4,
make
sure
that
youusea
heavy
gauge
wire
forthe
connection
(No.
12
stranded
wire
is
recommended).
Before
connecting
your
new
power
supply
tothe
KIM-4
power
connector,
remove
your
old+5vand
+12v
supplies
from
pins
1,A andN onthe
application
connector.
Disconnect
the
KIM-1
from
your
KIM-4
and
turn
on
your
new
power
supply.
Measure
the
voltage
between
pin1 andpinA ofthe
KIM-4
application
connector
and
insure
that
itis
+5v.
Now
measure
the
voltage
between
pin1
andpinN ofthe
KIM-4
application
connector
and
insure
that
itis+
12v.
If
all
voltages
appear
correct,
turn
off
your
power
supply,
re-connect
the
KIM-1
to
your
KIM-4,
and
turn
your
new
power
supply
back
on.You
should
now
verify
that
your
KIM-1
is
operating
correctly.
2.4
Installing
Expansion
Boards
Into
Your
KIM-4
If
you
have
purchased
KIM
expansion
modules,
youcannow
insert
them
in
the
KIM-4
motherboard.
Follow
the
instructions
provided
inthe
manual
you
received
with
each
expansion
module.
Youcan
verify
the
operation
of
each
expansion
module
by
following
the
checkout
instruction
included
inthe
owner's
manual
forthe
expansion
module.
2.5
TheBus
Expansion
Connector
On
the
left-hand
endof
your
KIM-4
there
isa bus
expansion
connector.
This
connector
is
provided
to
allow
youtoadd
more
modules
totheKIMbusifyou
need
to
expand
beyond
thesix
expansion
module
connectors
provided
onthe
KIM-4.

If
you
have
designed
modules
which
you
previously
connected
tothe
KIM-1
expansion
connector,
you
will
find
that
the
same
signals
previously
present
on
the
KIM-1
expansion
connector
are
also
present
onthe
KIM-4
bus
expansion
connector.
The
wire
list
provided
onthe
KIM-4
schematic
(See
Chapter
3)
shows
thepin
connections
tothe
KIM-4
bus
expansion
connector.
Only
the
lines
KO
through
K7,
previously
present
onthe
KIM-1
application
connector,
are
not
present
onthe
KIM-4
bus
expansion
connector.

CHAPTER
3
THEORY
OF
OPERATION
3.1
Introduction
The
KIM-4
motherboard
is
designed
to
accomplish
three
functions.
The
first
function
is
that
of
distributing
address,
data,
and
control
lines
from
the
KIM-1
tothe
expansion
module
connectors
andthebus
expansion
connector.
Those
inter-connections
are
documented
onthe
interconnection
list
shown
on
the
schematic
diagram.
The
second
function
isto
buffer,
or
provide
additional
drive,
forthe
expansion
modules
from
the
address
and
data
buses.
The
third
function
isto
determine
whether
the
address
present
onthe
address
busis
addressing
a
memory
location
onthe
KIM-1
module
orthe
KIM-4
motherboard,
and
supply
an
appropriate
signal
tothe
decode
line.
The
motherboard
also
contains
regulators
forthe+5vand
+12v
supplies
necessary
to
operate
the
KIM-1
and
the
audio
cassette
interface.
3.2
Buffering
Circuitry
U6,U8,andU9
form
a
16-bit
unidirectional
bus
buffer
forthe
KIM-1
address
lines.
These
lines
will
normally
be
"on"
atall
times.
The
output

3.3
Address
Decoding
and
Lockout
Circuitry
Since
some
addresses
below
2000
(hex)
are
located
onthe
KIM-1
board,
the
data
bus
buffers
are
used
to
isolate
KIM-1
from
the
motherboard
whenever
these
addresses
below
2000
are
issued.
This
function
is
provided
byU5,
which
is
connected
tothe
three
high-order
address
lines
(AB13,
14,
15).
Ifanyof
those
address
lines
go
high
(indicating
an
address
above
2000),
then
the
data
bus
buffers
will
be
enabled
inthe
appropriate
direction.
The
data
buffers
will
also
be
enabled
ifan
address
between
0400
and
13FF
(indicated
bytheKl,K2,
K3,andK4
lines)
is
present.
There
aresix
locations
inthe
memory
space
which
have
special
significance
inany
6502-based
system.
These
are
locations
FFFA
through
FFFF.
These
locations
contain
the
values
forthe
interrupt
vectors
forthe
NMI,
RST,
and
IRQ
control
lines.
Inthe
KIM-1
system,
these
interrupt
vectors
are
stored
in
locations
17FA
-
17FF,
thesix
highest
memory
locations
in
KIM-1
since
the
three
highest
address
lines
arenot
decoded
on
KIM-1.
Since
the
full
KIM
system,
including
the
motherboard,
does
useall
sixteen
address
lines,
itis
necessary
to
detect
when
oneof
these
six
highest
addresses
is
issued
bythe
processor
and
force
the
data
tobe
read
from
KIM-1
rather
than
any
memory
onthe
motherboard.
This
function
is
provided
byU7.
Whenever
the
thirteen
high-order
address
lines
areallat
logic
1,
this
condition
is
detected
byU7andthe
signal
generated
is
used
to
disable
U5.
When
U5is
disabled,
the
decode
line
generated
asthe
output
ofU5
goes
toa
logic
1.
This
is
inverted
inU3and
becomes
the
decode
enable
line
which
isfed
back
tothe
KIM-1.
The
motherboard
addressing
is
turned
off
andthe
addressing
on
KIM-1
is
turned
on,
allowing
the
reset,
NMI,
andIRQ
vectors
tobe
fetched
from
the
high
six
memory
locations
in
KIM-1.
Thus,
even
with
a
fully
expanded
KIM
system,
these
three
control
vectors
will
still
be
under
the
control
oftheKIM
monitor.




CHAPTER
4
WARRANTY
AND
SERVICE
Should
you
experience
difficulty
with
your
KIM-4
module
andbe
unable
to
diagnose
or
correct
the
problem,
youmay
return
the
unit
to
MOS
Technology,
Inc.
for
repair.
4.1
In-Warranty
Service
All
KIM
series
Microcomputer
Modules
are
warranted
byMOS
Technology,
Inc.
against
defects
in
workmanship
and
materials
fora
period
of
ninety
(90)
days
from
date
of
delivery.
During
the
warranty
period,
MOS
Technology,
Inc.
will
repair
or,atits
option,
replace
atno
charge
components
that
prove
tobe
defective
provided
that
the
module
is
returned,
shipping
prepaid,
to:
KIM
Customer
Service
Department
MOS
Technology,
Inc.
950
Rittenhouse
Road
Norristown,
Pennsylvania
19401
This
warranty
does
not
apply
ifthe
module
has
been
damaged
by
accident
or
misuse,
orasa
result
of
repairs
or
modifications
made
by
other
than
authorized
personnel
atthe
above
captioned
service
facility.
No
other
warranty
is
expressed
or
implied.
MOS
Technology,
Inc.
isnot
liable
for
consequential
damages.
4.2
Out-Of-Warranty
Service
Beyond
the
ninety
(90)
day
warranty
period,
KIM
modules
will
be
repaired
fora
reasonable
service
fee.
All
service
work
performed
by
MOS
Technology,
Inc.
beyond
the
warranty
period
is
warranted
foran
additional
ninety
(90)
day
period
after
shipment
ofthe
repaired
module.

4.3
Policy
On
Changes
All
KIM
series
modules
are
sold
onthe
basis
of
descriptive
specifications
in
effect
atthe
time
of
sale.
MOS
Technology,
Inc.
shall
have
no
obligation
to
modify
or
update
products
once
sold.
MOS
Technology,
Inc.
reserves
the
right
to
make
periodic
changes
or
improvements
toanyKIM
series
module.
4.4
Shipping
Instructions
It
isthe
customer's
responsibility
to
return
theKIM
series
module
with
shipping
charges
prepaid
tothe
above
captioned
service
facility.
For
in-warranty
service,
theKIM
module
will
be
returned
tothe
customer,
shipping
prepaid,
bythe
fastest
economical
carrier.
For
out-of-warranty
service,
the
customer
will
payfor
shipping
charges
both
ways.
The
repaired
module
will
be
returned
tothe
customer
C.O.D.
unless
the
repairs
and
shipping
charges
are
prepaid
by
the
customer.
Please
be
certain
that
your
KIM
module
is
safely
packaged
when
returning
ittothe
above
captioned
service
facility.

APPENDIX
A
USING
DMA
WITH
THE
KIM-4
Some
advanced
applications
involving
access
to
high-speed
peripherals
such
as
floppy
discs
require
the
ability
to
stop
the
processor
and
allow
another
device
(usually
called
a
'controller')
to
gain
control
ofthe
address
and
data
lines
in
order
to
transfer
a
quantity
of
data
inorout
ofthe
memory.
This
is
called
DMAor
direct
memory
access.

APPENDIX
B
A
KIM
SYSTEM
POWER
SUPPLY
The
circuit
shown
in
Figure
B-l
will
provide
enough
current
fora
fully
expanded
KIM
system
- +8vat
about
ISA.
Be
sure
to
wire
all
components
with
#10or
heavier
wire.
A
suggested
transformer
for
This
the
model
16-8
manufactured
by
Signal
Transformer
Company.
Be
sure
to
wire
thetwo
secondary
windings
in
PHASE
across
the
bridge
rectifier.
The.O1ohm
resistor
is
composed
ofa six
inch
length
of#22
wire.

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