MOS KIM-4 User manual

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
Congratulations on your purchase ofa KIM-4motherboard. You will now
be able toadd additional memory to your KIM system, as well as EROM,ROM, and
othersystemcomponents as they are introduced byMOS Technology,Inc.
Because the KIM-4motherboard will form the heart of yourmicrocomputer
system,interconnecting allof your othersystemcomponents,pleasetake a
few minutes to readthismanualcompletelybeforeattempting touse yourKIM-4.
Chapter 2 of thismanualdescribes howto install and check out yourKIM-4
motherboard.Chapter 3 containsschematics anda brieftheory of operation,
Chapter 4 contains your warrantyinformation for thismodule, and Appendix A
describes howtousethe directmemoryaccesscapabilityincorporated in
the motherboard.Appendix B contains a suggestedpowersupply for supplying
current to your KIM system.
There isone importantpoint you shouldunderstandbeforeusingyourKIM-4
motherboard.Because ofthe highcurrentinvolved in supplyingpower to multiple
expansionboards, MOS Technology,Inc. has designedyour KIM system so that you
mayusea single unregulated +8v supply forallthe cardswhich youcan mount in
your KIM motherboard. Donot attempt to poweryour KIM systemthrough a regulated
+5v supply.Eachexpansionmoduleprovided fortheKIM system will contain its
own+5v regulatorwhich will require the+8vas input. A regulator is provided
on the motherboard to feedregulated +5vto your KIM-1microcomputermodule.
Thisregulatoralsoworks offthe+8v which you supply tothe motherboard. If
youdonot have a +8v unregulatedpowersupply, refer to Appendix B fora
schematic for such a unit.
Your KIM-4motherboard has been carefully designed for years of uninterrupted
service to you. If,forany reason, the unitshouldfail,follow the instructions
contained in Chapter 4 to provideservice for yourmodule. We hopethat the KIM-4
will bea powerful and usefuladdition to your KIM system.

END VIEW

CHAPTER 2
INSTALLATION AND CHECKOUT
2.1 Installing the Hardware
When you have unpacked your KIM-4, locate the hardware packet and attach
the four rubber feet as shown in Figure 1. Then install the twelve card guides
with the screws supplied. See Figure 2 for correct placement. Ifyou have one
or more KIM expansion modules, put them in each card slot to assure correct
placement ofthe guides. Three threaded spacers are provided to elevate your
KIM-1. Attach them as shown in Figure 3.
2.2 Attaching KIM-4 to KIM-1 Using Your Old Power Supply
Remove any expansion cards you have placed in KIM-4 and disconnect the
female connector attached tothe application connector on your KIM-1. (You will
also have to disconnect any connector you have mated tothe KIM-1 expansion
connector.) Carefully slide theKIM application and expansion connector
tabs into thetwo mating female receptacles onthe KIM-4 motherboard. (See
Figure 4) Remove any connections you have made tothe female application
connector pins, B,C,D,E,F,H,orJ. Remove the jumper connected topinK.
Now attach your old KIM-1 female application connector tothe KIM-4 application
connector tabas shown in Figure 4.Ifyou have not previously wired a connector
for your KIM-1, refer to your KIM-1 User Manual, Chapter 2,for details.
For initial checkout ofthe KIM-4 youcanusethe power supply you previously
connected to KIM-1. The+5vand +12v pins onthe KIM-4 application connector are
routed directly tothe KIM-1, bypassing the regulators onthe KIM-4; these voltages
arenot distributed onthe motherboard expansion module connectors. Thus your old
+5v and +12v power supply cannot be used to power expansion modules inserted in
the motherboard. Turn your old power supply on, depress the reset button onthe
KIM-1 keyboard, and verify that your KIM still operates normally. Ifyou wish,
load a program from your cassette tape interface and verify that it operates
correctly.

2.3 Attaching Your New Power Supply to KIM-4
Because the motherboard contains a +5v regulator for your KIM-1 anda
+12v regulator for your audio cassette interface, you should power your entire
KIM system from a +8v unregulated power supply anda +15v regulated power supply.
Attach the ground, +8v, and +15v supplies tothe KIM-4 power connector as shown
in Figure 5. Some expansion cards provided with theKIM system also require a
negative voltage. Ifyou plan on installing such cards you must also connect a
-15v supply tothe appropriate pinonthe KIM-4 power connector. When fully
expanded, your KIM system may require as much as15Aof +8v. To avoid voltage
drops between your power supply andthe KIM-4, make sure that youusea heavy
gauge wire forthe connection (No. 12 stranded wire is recommended).
Before connecting your new power supply tothe KIM-4 power connector,
remove your old+5vand +12v supplies from pins 1,A andN onthe application
connector. Disconnect the KIM-1 from your KIM-4 and turn on your new power
supply. Measure the voltage between pin1 andpinA ofthe KIM-4 application
connector and insure that itis +5v. Now measure the voltage between pin1
andpinN ofthe KIM-4 application connector and insure that itis+ 12v. If
all voltages appear correct, turn off your power supply, re-connect the KIM-1
to your KIM-4, and turn your new power supply back on.You should now verify
that your KIM-1 is operating correctly.
2.4 Installing Expansion Boards Into Your KIM-4
If you have purchased KIM expansion modules, youcannow insert them in
the KIM-4 motherboard. Follow the instructions provided inthe manual you
received with each expansion module. Youcan verify the operation of each
expansion module by following the checkout instruction included inthe owner's
manual forthe expansion module.
2.5 TheBus Expansion Connector
On the left-hand endof your KIM-4 there isa bus expansion connector. This
connector is provided to allow youtoadd more modules totheKIMbusifyou need
to expand beyond thesix expansion module connectors provided onthe KIM-4.

If you have designed modules which you previously connected tothe KIM-1
expansion connector, you will find that the same signals previously present
on the KIM-1 expansion connector are also present onthe KIM-4 bus expansion
connector. The wire list provided onthe KIM-4 schematic (See Chapter 3)
shows thepin connections tothe KIM-4 bus expansion connector. Only the
lines KO through K7, previously present onthe KIM-1 application connector,
are not present onthe KIM-4 bus expansion connector.

CHAPTER 3
THEORY OF OPERATION
3.1 Introduction
The KIM-4 motherboard is designed to accomplish three functions. The
first function is that of distributing address, data, and control lines from
the KIM-1 tothe expansion module connectors andthebus expansion connector.
Those inter-connections are documented onthe interconnection list shown on
the schematic diagram. The second function isto buffer, or provide additional
drive, forthe expansion modules from the address and data buses. The third
function isto determine whether the address present onthe address busis
addressing a memory location onthe KIM-1 module orthe KIM-4 motherboard, and
supply an appropriate signal tothe decode line. The motherboard also contains
regulators forthe+5vand +12v supplies necessary to operate the KIM-1 and
the audio cassette interface.
3.2 Buffering Circuitry
U6,U8,andU9 form a 16-bit unidirectional bus buffer forthe KIM-1
address lines. These lines will normally be "on" atall times. The output

3.3 Address Decoding and Lockout Circuitry
Since some addresses below 2000 (hex) are located onthe KIM-1 board, the
data bus buffers are used to isolate KIM-1 from the motherboard whenever these
addresses below 2000 are issued. This function is provided byU5, which is
connected tothe three high-order address lines (AB13, 14, 15). Ifanyof
those address lines go high (indicating an address above 2000), then the data
bus buffers will be enabled inthe appropriate direction. The data buffers will
also be enabled ifan address between 0400 and 13FF (indicated bytheKl,K2,
K3,andK4 lines) is present.
There aresix locations inthe memory space which have special
significance inany 6502-based system. These are locations FFFA through FFFF.
These locations contain the values forthe interrupt vectors forthe NMI, RST,
and IRQ control lines. Inthe KIM-1 system, these interrupt vectors are stored
in locations 17FA - 17FF, thesix highest memory locations in KIM-1 since the
three highest address lines arenot decoded on KIM-1. Since the full KIM system,
including the motherboard, does useall sixteen address lines, itis necessary
to detect when oneof these six highest addresses is issued bythe processor
and force the data tobe read from KIM-1 rather than any memory onthe motherboard.
This function is provided byU7. Whenever the thirteen high-order address lines
areallat logic 1, this condition is detected byU7andthe signal generated is
used to disable U5. When U5is disabled, the decode line generated asthe output
ofU5 goes toa logic 1. This is inverted inU3and becomes the decode enable
line which isfed back tothe KIM-1. The motherboard addressing is turned off
andthe addressing on KIM-1 is turned on, allowing the reset, NMI, andIRQ
vectors tobe fetched from the high six memory locations in KIM-1. Thus, even
with a fully expanded KIM system, these three control vectors will still be under
the control oftheKIM monitor.