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Orban 672A User manual

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672A Equalizer
OPERATING MANUAL
EQUALIZER
Specifications: 672A Equalizer
All specifications apply when driving 600
ohms or higher impedances. Noise mea-
sured on an average -reading meter through
a20-20,000Hz bandpass filter with 18dB/
octave Butterworth skirts.
Electrical
Input:
Impedance, Load (each leg): 100K in paral-
lel with lOOOpF, electronically balanced
Impedance, Driving: Ideally 600 ohms or
less, balanced or unbalanced
Nominal Input Level: Between -10 and
+4dBm
Absolute Overload Point: +26dBm
Output:
Impedance, Source: 47 ohms in parallel
with lOOOpF, unbalanced (Optional trans-
former balanced 600 ohm outputs)
Impedance, Load: Should be 600 ohms or
greater-will not ring into any capacitive
load
Nominal Output Level: +4dBm
Max. Output Level Before Clipping:
+19 dBm, 20 -20,000Hz
Frequency Response:
10.25dB, 20 -20,000Hz: EQ controls set at
“O” detents
Available Gain:
+12dB; adjustable to —infinity by means
of front -panel GAIN control
Slew Rate:
Varies between 6and 13V/uS depending
upon setting of GAIN control; slewing is
symmetrical. Internal bandlimiting assures
that slew rate limiting will not occur even
with the most severe equalization and pro-
gram material.
Square Wave Response:
Square wave exhibits no spurious ringing at
any output level. The only ringing observ-
able is that theoretically associated with any
given equalization curve.
Total Harmonic Distortion:
Less than 0.05%, 20 -20,000Hz (+18dBm)
SMPTE Intermodulation Distortion:
Less than 0.05% (+18dBm: 60/7000Hz,4:l)
Noise at Output:
Less than -75dBm (EQ in, Filters out,
Controls centered)
Overload /Noise Ratio:
Better than 113dB for any single bandpass
filter, for any settings of TUNING or BAND-
WIDTH controls.
Equalization Ranges:
+16dB peaking EQ, Reciprocal
Tuning Ranges:
20 -60Hz;40 -150Hz; 110-310Hz; 230-
750Hz; 480 -1900Hz; 1.1- 4.5Hz; 2.8-9.0kHz;
5.9 -21kHz. Dials calibrated at ISO preferred
frequencies.
“Q” Range:
Greater than 0.5 to 10 for any setting of the
TUNING control
Low Pass Filter Section:
Tunable in 2ranges: 200 -2000Hz or 2.0-
20kHz, 12dB/octave, (2nd-order
Butterworth)
High Pass Filter Section:
Tunable in 2ranges: 20 -200Hz or 200 -
2000Hz, 12dB/octave, (2nd-order
Butterworth)
Overload Circuit:
Lamp lights for 200mS if the instantaneous
peak output of any amplifier rises to within
ldB of its clipping point.
Circuit Design:
Active RC realized with FET-input opamps.
Line driver employs discrete transistor cur-
rent booster.
Operating Temperature:
0-50°C
Power Requirements:
115/230VAC 110%; 50/60Hz; 6watts
Physical
Operating Controls:
EQUALIZATION, TUNING, and BAND-
WIDTH for each of eight bands. TUNING,
RANGE (xl; xlO), and FILTER IN/OUT
for each filter. EQUALIZATION IN/OUT,
POWER ON/OFF, and GAIN for entire
equalizer.
Panel:
19” x5V4” (48.3 x13.3cm): 3units
Chassis Depth Behind Panel:
51/4”(13.3cm)
Weight:
Net: 8lbs. (3.6kg); Shipping: 12 lbs. (5.4kg)
AC Cord:
3-wire U-ground to USA Standard
Connectors:
140 type barrier strip (#5screw) plus paral-
lel-wired V4” 3ckt. phone jacks (Switchcraft
12B or equal). Holes punched for XLR-type
connectors (Switchcraft D3F and D3M or
equal)
Circuit Ground:
Available on barrier strip; normally jumpered
to chassis.
Specifications subject to change without notice.
Table of Contents
Specifications
<Registration Card
Warranty
*IPart A: Installation and Operation
IIntroduction
1Performance Highlights
2Front Panel Description
3Rear Panel Description
3Block Diagram
3AC Power
3Mechanical Installation
4Installation of Options
XLR Connector Installation
Balanced Output Tranformer Installation
5Electrical Installation
Input
Output
Wiring With Two-Conductor Shielded Cable
Grounding Diagram
Typical Input/Output Connection Rules
Wiring Wi‘h Single-Conductor Shielded Cable
8OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
Using the EQ Section
Boost/Cut Curve Familes
Using the Highpass and Lowpass Filters
Using the 672A As An Electronic Crossover
Headroom
I|Part B: Specific Applications
IIStereo
||Sound Reinforcement
House Tuning
«Notch Filtering
Full Electronic Crossover
Partial Electronic Crossover and
iIndividual Driver Equalizer
Stage Monitors
13 Dance Bars
14 Recording Studios
14 Motion Picture Sound
15 Broadcasting
15 Electronic Music
17Part C: Maintenance
17 Introduction
17 Performance Evaluation
Genera I
Power Supply
Signal Processing Circuitry
20 Maintenance and Service
Preventive Maintenance
Access
Replacement of Components on Printed Circuit Boards
Troubleshooting 1C Opamps
Factory Service
Shipping Instructions
23 Circuit Description
Genera I
Input Buffer
Equalizer Sections
EQ IN/OUT Switch
Lowpass Filter
Highpass Filter; Output Buffer
Overload Indicator
Power Sipply
27 Appendix: Interconnections And Grounding
27 Driving the Input From High-Impedance
And/Or High-Level Sources
27 Grounding
29 PARTS LIST
35 SCHEMATIC
36 PARTS LOCATOR
INTRODUCTION
PERFORMANCE
HIGHLIGHTS
Part A: Installation and Operation
The Orban 672A is asingle-channel eight-band quasi-parametric equalizer of high
professional quality. It is equipped with graphic-type EQ controls providing up to
l6dB of reciprocal boost or cut. The center frequency and bandwidth of each band
are continuously variable to enable precise control of the audio spectrum. Wide-
range high- and low-pass filters (12dB/octave) follow the EQ section for added
versatility. When these filters are overlapped (200-2000Hz), the 672A can be used
as acombined graphic/parametric equalizer and tunable electronic crossover.
Separate lowpass and highpass outputs are provided for this purpose.
The 672A has an electronically-balanced bridging input, and unbalanced outputs
(which can be balanced by the addition of optional output transformers). Input,
outputs, and power line connections all contain effective RF filtering. l2dB of gain
is available. All potential overload points in the equalizer are monitored by an
extremely fast "peak-stretching" overload detector, so that peak clipping can be
detected and corrected before if becomes audible.
The flexibility offered by the 672A makes it aparticularly powerful tool in nearly
all areas of audio: sound reinforcement, public address, recording studio,
broadcasting, motion picture sound, disco, theater.
The 672A easily meets the quality, performance, and reliability requirements of
the demanding professional, and is also well-suited for use in semi-pro or audiophile
applications.
The controls and features of the 672A are fully described in this manual. It will
familiarize you with the unit's potential and enable you to imaginatively use the
672A for your specific installation and application.
EQ Section
Eight bands, each with TUNING and BANDWIDTH control
+l6dB equalization range
Reciprocal curves
Each band tunes over 3:1 frequency range
"Q" is variable between 0.5 and 10
—"Tic" marks on TUNING and BANDWIDTH controls guide you to octave-band
graphic equalization settings
Bands are totally non-interacting
LP/HP Filter Sections
Each section is continuously tunable over 100:1 range in 2decades
!
Each section is independently switchable
l2dB/octave slopes
—Separate highpass and lowpass outputs permit use as full electronic crossover
in the range of 200-2000Hz
General
I2dB available gain
Very low noise and distortion
High slew rate for minimum TIM (SID)
—"Peak-stretching" overload lamp warns of clipping anywhere in equalizer before
distortion is audible
—EQ controls are long-throw dust-shielded sliders for good resolution
—Industrial-grade parts and construction, including socketed IC's
RFI suppression on input, output, and power leads
—Balanced output optional (order retrofit kit as required)
—Holes for XLR-type connectors are provided
FRONT PANEL
DESCRIPTION
The GAIN control adjusts tne drive level to the filters and equalizers.
The OVERLOAD indicator monitors all critical points to warn of excessive signal
amplitude due to excessive input amplitude or to large amounts of peak boost
equalization. Overloads are eliminated by turning down the GAIN control.
The EQ IN/OUT switch defeats the graphic EQ section.
The EQ controls adjust the maximum peak or dip in each band over arange of
+l6dB. Center detent corresponds to flat output from the band.
The TUNING controls adjust the center frequency of each of the eight bands in
the EQ section.
The BANDWIDTH controls adjust the "Q" (sharpness) of each band in the EG
section. The "Q" becomes broader when turned clockwise, sharper when turned
counterclockwise.
The HIGHPASS FILTER IN/OUT switch defeats the highpass filter action.
The HIGHPASS FILTER TUNING control adjusts the corner frequency of the
highpass filter over two ranges. The RANGE switcn determines whether the range
is 20-200Hz or 200-2000Hz.
The LOWPASS FILTER IN/OUT switch adjusts the corner frequency of the lowpass
filter in two ranges. The RANGE switch determines whether the range is 2-20kHz
or 200-2000Hz.
The POWER switch and green LED pilot lamp complete tne front panel.
2
REAR PANEL
DESCRIPTION
AC POWER
MECHANICAL
INSTALLATION
The FUSE used in the 672A is a3AG 1/8 amp slo-blo t/pe, used for both I15V
and 230V operation. Replace with the same t/pe only.
The INPUT and OUTPUT connectors provided allow connection via barrier strip (//5
screw) or standard 1/4" phone plugs. Each input or output of both connector types
are connected in parallel. In addition, acover plate masks holes for user-installed
XLR-type connectors.
Please refer to the Electrical Installation section for connection instructions.
The power transformer can be strupped for 115 volt or 230 volt 50 or 60Hz AC
operation. If the unit was ordered for 230 volts, atag on the power cord warns of
the modification.
To strap the power transformer for adifferent voltage, remove the bottom cover
of the 672A. Strapping instructions are found on the insulating fishpaper around the
power transformer. It is not necessary to rearrange the heavy insulated wiring; all
strapping can be performed with bare jumper wire. Take care not to burn the
insulation.
The power cord is terminated in a"U-Ground" plug to USA standards. The green
(or yreen/yellow) wire (which is connected to the long prong) is connected directly
to the 472A chassis. If it becomes necessary to lift this ground to suppress ground
loops, this should be done with athree-prong to two-prong adapter plug, rather
than by damaging the power plug. It is not recommended that this ground be
defeated unless absolutely necessary because it eliminates the intrinsic safety
feature of the three-wire system.
WARNING!
IF THE GROUND IS DEFEATED, CERTAIN FAULT CONDITIONS IN
fill: UNIT OR THE SYSTEM TO WHICH IT IS CONNECTED CAN
RESULT IN APPEARANCE OF FULL LINE VOLTAGE DETWEEN
CHASSIS AND EARTH GROUND. SUCH VOLTAGE IS CAPABLE OF
CAUSING SEVERE INJURY OR DEATH!
Vertical space of three standard rack units (5 l/4"/l3.3cm) is required.
Mounting the unit directly over large heat-producing devices like avacuum-tube
power amplifier may shorten component life and is not recommended. Ambient
temperature should not exceed 113 degrees F(45 degrees C) when equipment is
powered.
3
INSTALLATION
OF OPTIONS XLR Connector Installation: To install the optional XLR connectors, obtain (2 ea.)
Wchcraft D3M and (2 ea.) Switchcraft D3F (or equivalent) connectors from a
connectors are o,so avciiCie directly front Orbon os retro,,,
i-:+RPT.Oft
with apair ithe XLR's as shown mFig.
Phone Jack Installation: To install the optional
Switchcraft #I2B (tip-ring-sleeve) phone jacks from a
also available directly from Orban as RET-29.
phone jacks, obtain (4 ea.)
local supplier. These jacks are
Remove the hole plugs from
hardware supplied with the jacks,
to the jacks as shown in Fig. I.
the rear panel and install the jacks using the
Then connect jumper wires from the barrier strip
VIP roMtURCTOR \upvn 1XLR CONNECTOR UP OUT YsLR COKitSECTOR WWIo/rP oo
10 COLOR FROM 10 COLOR PRO,* 10 COLO
3'-' (At) 3\-G (&kW) BLR 3Z-\ (Ai) J7.-G (GNV) BLR 3V\ (At) 33 -G (GMVt BLR
3Z~Z (Lot TBI-G (cF) BLVOj>!\AiVbl 3VB (UO) TBI-IO (A) BLK^lr
GRKiJ
rs\-z aot TB\-Z \«(L0) }T\W\ST
RfcP J3VS (RO TB\-9 (Rl)
3T--Z (R0 T&V-5 (Rif
(rO TB\-' IN (Wt
Fig. I: WIRING OF OPTIONAL CONNECTORS
4
BLOCK
DIAGRAM
ELECTRICAL
INSTALLATION
Balanced Output Transformer Installation: If transformers were not installed at
the factory, refer to the installation instructions furnished with the transformer kit,
known as "RET 6". The transformer supplied with this kit has been designed to
have <3 negligible effect on published specifications. Should you wish to use some
other transformer, it would be wise to make careful performance measurements
with special attention to Lt distortion and Mb response at high output levels, thus
determining the output level achievable with performance acceptable for your
application. Atransformer meeting Orban standards should produce approximately
+20dDm (limited by clipping in the output amplifier) without significantly
compromising performance.
The Electrical Installation section describes grounding procedures in the event
transformers are used.
The BLOCK DIAGRAM outlines the signal flow through the various sections of the
672A. It is reproduced here:
Connecting the 672A (equalizer to other equipment is quite straightforward.
Relatively uncomplicated systems (such as home playback systems, "semi-pro"
recording studios, electronic music studios, discos, etc.) tend to come together
without serious grounding problems even if the wiring practices are somewhat
casual, provided that high RF fields are not present. Unusual situations can be
analyzed if you are familiar with the standard rules governing grounding and
interfacing between balanced and unbalanced systems.
The instructions below will apply to the majority of cases. Acomprehensive
discussion of interconnections and grounding can be found in the Appendix.
Input
The electronically-balanced input of the 672A equalizer is compatible with most
professional and semi-professional sound equipment, balanced or unbalanced, whose
source impedance is 600 ohms or less. If it is greater (as in some vacuum-tube
audiophile preamps), aminor modification may be made to the input to accomodate
the situation. Please refer to the Appendix for further details.
Nominal input level is between -10 and tAdOm. The absolute overload point is
r26dBm.
5
Output
The two outputs of the 672A are unbalanced (unless fitted with the optional
transformers), and the source impedance is 47 ohms in parallel with lOOOpF to the
chassis (for RFI suppression).
Use the MAIN/HIGHPASS output for normal operation when the crossover feature
is not used.
If the 672A is being used as afull electronic crossover, use the LOWPASS output
to drive the low-frequency amplifier, and the MAIN/HIGHPASS output to drive the
high-frequency amplifier. These outputs are out-of-phuse, as is correct with
I2dB/octave crossovers.
Wiring the 672A With Two-Conductor Shielded Cable
We recommend wiring with two-conductor shielded cable (such as Belden 8451 or
equivalent) because signal current flows through the two conductors only. The shield
does not carry signal, is used only for shielding, and is ordinarily connected to
ground at one end only. The following table and diagram are applicable to agreat
majority of installations.
Fig. 3: GROUNDING
INPUT
TABLE I:
TYPICAL INPUT/OUTPUT CONNECTION RULES
1) Always use HI and LO as the two input terminals to the 672A.
2) When the 672A is driven from an unbalanced source, connect shield both to
circuit ground of source, and to chassis ground of 672A.
3) When the 672A is driven from abalanced source, connect shield at source end
to chassis ground. Do not connect shield at 672A end.
4) If the source is balanced by means of atransformer, a620 ohm l/2w 5%
load resistor is probably required. Consult the manufacturer's manual.
6
OUTPUT
1) On the 672A output, connect shield at 672A end to chassis ground (whether
driving balanced or unbalanced). Oo not connect shield at other end.
2) When driving abalanced load, jumper circuit ground to chassis ground on 672A
(on rear panel). When driving an unbalanced load, do not attach jumper.
3) 672A chassis should always be earth-grounded (i.e. through third wire in power
cord or through rack.) I- or maximum protection from shock, float this ground
only as last resort.
4) If optional output transformer(s) are installed on 672A, jumper the circuit
ground to chassis ground on the 672A.
Because it is not always possible to determine if the pieces of equipment driving
or being driven by the 672A have their circuit grounds internally connected to their
chassis grounds (which are always connected to the ground prong of the AC line
cord), and because the use of the AC power line ground often introduces problems
because it can be noisy or otherwise imperfect, the wiring techniques in the
diagram are not universally applicable.
If you follow the diagram and hum or noise appears, don't be afraid to
experiment. If the noise sounds like alow-level crackling buzz, then prob<±>ly there
isn't enough grounding. Try connecting the LO input of the 672A to achassis
ground terminal on the 672A's barrier strip and see if the buzz goes away. You can
also try strapping the 672A's chassis and circuit grounds together, and see if this
helps.
Aground loop usually sounds like asmooth, steady hum rather than acrackly
buzz. If you have aground loop, you can often break it by disconnecting the
jumper between circuit and chassis grounds on the 672A's rear-panel barrier strip.
In either case, think carefully about what is going on, and keep in mind the
general principle: one and only one circuit ground path should exist between each
piece of equipment!
Wiring The 672A With Single-Conductor Shielded Cable: Sometimes, particularly if
you are using the 672A with musical instruments or home-type equipment, you will
find yourself with no time to correctly connect the 672A, and will find instead
that you must use single-conductor shielded ccbles (usually terminated by 1/4"
phone plugs which can be plugged into the 672A's auxiliary phone-plug input and
outputs). If this happens, connect the inner conductors of the shielded ccbles to the
HI sides of the 672A input and outputs). Connect the shields to the LO sides. (The
HI side appears on the ti£ of the phone jacks; the LO side on the ring. The sleeve
is chassis ground).
The shield will ordinarily receive chassis ground from the external equipment
which it is connecting to the 672A. The chassis ground/circuit ground jumper on
the rear barrier strip of the 672A should be left in whichever configuration gives
minimum hum or buzz. To minimize hum or buzz, it may be necessary to jumper
one or more shields to chassis ground. IF ATWO-CONDUC TOR PHONb PLUG IS
IJSFO AS THE EXTERNAL CONNECTOR, THIS WILL HAPPEN AUTOMATICALLY,
AND MAY INTRODUCE AGROUND LOOP. Because use of single-conductor cables
virtually eliminates any possibility of carefully controlling the system grounding
scheme, it is NOT RECOMMENDED!
7