Philips PM 5101 User manual
FF
2172-1
PS
L.F.
GENERATOR
PM
5101
9445
0~1
01031
211168103
H99
450 03511
~
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u M
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pr
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E 1319
PHILIPS Manual
L.F.
GENERATOR
PM
5101
9445
0~1
01031
2/1268/03
9499 450 03511
2
IMPORTANT
In
correspondence concerning this instrument, please quote the type mimber
andthe serialmtmber as given on the typeplate at the rear
of
the instrument.
3
Contents
GENERAL
5
I. Introduction 5
II. Technical data 5
DIRECTIONS
FOR
USE
9
lIT. Operation 9
SERVICE
NOTES
11
IV. Technical descriptioo
11
V.
Gaining access to parts 14
VI. Recommended batteries
15
VII. Maiotenance
15
VIII. Survey of adjusting elements
16
IX. Checking and adjusting
16
X.
Replacing parts
19
XI. List of parts
20
4
List
of
figures
I
Front
view with
indication
of
the
controis
9
2 Block
diagram
12
3
Removing
the
knobs
14
4
Square
wave voltage
shape
18
5
Front
view with
indication
of
the mechanical
parts
20
6
Inside
view
24
7
Vnit
A
25
8
Circuit
diagram
27
5
GENERAL
Introduction •
The
PM
5101
is
a
portable
LF
generator,
which
in
the frequency
raoge
10
Hz
to
100
kHz
supplies a sinusoidal
vo
lt
age
of
O
to
2 V
rms
and
a
negative going
square
wave voltage
of
O
to
4 Vp -
p.
The
apparatus
is fully transistorised
and
is
supplied by built-in batteries.
Technical
data
•
Properties
, expressed
in
numerical values with
statement
of
tolerances
are
guaranteed.
Numerical
values
without
tolerances
are
intended for
information
purposes
only
and
indicate the
properties
of
an
average
instrument.
The
numerical
values hold
good
for the
nominal
mains
voltage unIess otherwise stated.
1.
Frequency ranges
10
Hz
-100
Hz
100
Hz
-
1kHz
1kHz
-
10
kHz
10
kHz
-100
kHz
Frequeocy
ioaccuracy
± 5% ± l
Hz
at
20 °C
and
a 16-V supply
voltage
.
0.1% io the
10Hz
to
1kHz
range.
Frequency
drift
O.]
5% in
the
l
kHz
to
100
kHz
range
.
(mea
s
ured
during
7
hours,
at
which the supply
voltage decreased
from
17
to
16
Vand
the tem-
perature
rose from
19
to
28
°
C)
6
2. Sinusoidal output voltage
Distortion < 1% over a supply voltage
of
14
to
18
V,
at
frequencies
of
20
Hz
-100 kHz.
Amplitude Oto 2 V
rms
(unIoaded)
Amplitude change due to a
change in the frequency
at
a
constant
battery voltage ± 2%
Amplitude change due to a
change in the batteryvoltage
(14 to
18
V)
at
a
constant
frequency ± 2%
Output
impedance O to 250 n (dependent on the position
of
the
amplitude control).
3. Square wave output vojtage
Amplitude O
to
4 V
p-p
when unloaded (superimposed
on
an
O
to
-2
V d.c. voltage). Continuously adjustable.
Amplitude cbange due
to
a
change in the frequency
at
a
constant
battery voltage ± 0.5%
Amplitude change due
to
a
change in the batteryvoltage
(14 to 18V)
at
a
constant
fre-
quency <
10
%
7
Output
impedance 0-350 Q (dependent on the position
of
the am-
pJitude contro!).
Rise-time
10Hz-
1kHz:
ilS
1kHz
-100 kHz: 0.5
ilS
Sag (see Fig. 4) 1%
at
50
Hz, referred to the peak-peak value
Mark
/space ratio (see Fig.4)
l:
I ± 5% (for battery voltages
of
14
to
18
V)
4. Temperature range
17
to 40°C
5. Supply two 9-V batteries
in
series
6. Battery current
25
mA ± 3 mA
at
an
18
V supply volta
ge
7. Dimensions Width:
25
cm
(9i
inches)
Depth:
14
cm
(5-}
inches)
Height:
13
cm
(5
inches)
8. Weight 1.5 kg (3.75 Ibs.) without batteries
2.6 kg (5.75 lbs.) with batteries
9
DIRECTIONS
FOR USE
Operation o
For fitting the batteries re
/er
to chapter V-A
A.
SWITCHING
ON
(see Fig. 1)
Set switch
"ON/OFF
"
(SKl)
30
seconds the apparatus
is
reato
dy posItIOn
for use. "
ON
".
Af
ter approximately
B.
ADJUSTING
THE
FREQUENCY
The frequency ranges can
be
selected with knob "
FREQ.
Hz" (SK2).
Continuous controi
of
the frequency within each range can be effected
with the aid
of
the frequency selector
(Rl).
Rl---f
.....
-v
'---
-"-'---
PM
5101
LF.
GENER<TOR
IO
H,-I
OO
kHz
r-----
-------1
~
--SK2
VOLTS
FREQ.
Hl
AMPLlTUO[
ON
OFr
r--
--
------------
-II-l--
SKl
~
r-
--
------
~~+_
-SK3
PEM 1
56
5
BUl BU2 E 13
25
Fig. 1. Front view with indication
o/
the controls
10
C.
ADJUSTING
TH
E
OUTPU
T
VOL
T
AGE
1. Sinusoidal voltage
Set switch
"
~/
'U
" (SK3)
to
position
"~
"
.
The
output
voltage
at
sockets
BUI-BU2
can
be adjusted
with
knob
"AMPLITUDE
" (R2) between
approximately
3 mY
rms
and
2 Y
rm
s
(unioaded).
2. Square wave voltage
Set switch
"
~/
'U
" (SK3) to
position"
'U
" .
The
output
voltage
at
sockets
BU1-BU2
can
be adjusted witll
knob
"AMPLITUDE
" (R2) between
approximately
6 mYp _p
and
4Vp-p
(unioaded).
The
output
voltage
consists
of
a
square
wave voltage which
is
superimposed
on
a negative
d.c. voltage, equal to
half
the
amplitude
of
the s
quare
wave voltage.
To
obtain
a
square
wave voltage which
is
symmetrical
with
respect to the
zero line, a circuit s
hould
be used for
changing
the d.c. voltage level (in
this case, a capacitor).
The
value
of
this
capacitor
depends
entirely
on
the
input
impedance
of
the
circuit to be fed
and
on the frequency.
For
this
reason no
capacitor
has been fitted in the
apparatus.
Note:
When
using
the sinusoidal
or
the
square
wave voltage, it
is
recommended
that
the
output
voltage
of
the
generator
is
measured
with a
voltmeter
with
a
high
input
impedance
for
obtaining
accurate
measurements.
By
doing
so,
the
exact
value
of
the voltage which
is
applied
to
the circuit connected
will be
known.
11
SERVICE
NOTES
Technical description (see
Fig.
2 and
Fig.
8) •
A.
INTRODUCTION
The
generator
compr
ises
an
RC
oscillator.
The
sinewave voltage
produced
by
the
RC
oscillator
is
a
pp
lied
either
direct
or
via a limiter
to
the
output
voltage divider.
In
the
latter
case, a time symmetrical
square
wave signal
(meandering
signal, T = T
/2
+T
/2)
will be available
on
the
output.
B. OSCILLATOR
The
oscillator
consists
of
a
frequency-determining
Wien
fourpole
with
equal
branches
and
an
amplifier, which
is
stabilised
in
the
operating
frequency range.
The
resonant
frequency
of
the
Wien
bridge
can
be calculated
with
the
following
formula:
fo =
211:
RC
At
this frequency
the
inpl1t
and
the
output
voltage
of
the Wien bridge
are
in
pha
se.
The
amplitude
of
the
output
voltage
of
the
Wien
network
is
three
times smaller
than
that
of
the
input
voltage.
This means
that,
in
order
to
sa
tisfy
the
oscillation
condition,
the
phase
shift
of
the amplifier
should
be 0°
and
its
gain
factor
should
be
3.
Coarse
frequency
controI
(in steps
of
one
decade)
is
achieved by switch-
ing
the
capacitors
Cl2
...C22-C29-C30.
A
tandem
potentiometer
Rla-Rlb
is
employed
for fine
controi
of
the
frequency
within the seJected range
Potentiometer
RI8
and
capacitors
Cl
and
C22 serve
for
calibration.
The
amplifier
ha
s a high degree
of
negative feedback,
so
that its gain
is
reduced
to
a
factor
3.
By
means
of
potentiometer
R26
the gain
factor
can
be
adjusted.
The
resistance
setting
of
R26
is
the
shunt
resistance in
the
feedback
circuit.
NTC
resis
tor
RJ6
provides
the series resistance. As a
result
of
this,
the
feedback will be
amplitude
dependent.
If
for
example
the
output
voltage
of
the
amplifier increases,
the
current
12
OSCILLATOR OUTPUT -CIRC UIT
FREQ.
,------------------,
Wien-
four-pole
Amptifier
AMPLITUDE
SK3
F========~
~7
"
...
,n
,,,,,
BU2
""
~if
fi
~----<"'BUl
Slicer A
ttenuator
Fig. 2. Block diagram
through the feedback network
Rl6j
jC9j
jresistance setting
of
R26 will
also change.
The increased feedback current causes a temperature rise
of
the
NTC
resistor, so
that
its ohmic value will
be
reduced. As a result the feedback
voltage increases, so
that
the
output
voltage will be reduced to its normal
value. C9 serves for phase compensation.
With R26 the feedback has been adjusted so that the oscillator just starts
oscillating.
The shunt resistance
of
the Wien bridge
Rl
b
is
connected to the amplifier
input
in
such
away,
that
the base current required for transistor
TSl
passes through this potentiometer. The base voltage divider is formed
by
the resistor circuit
Rll,
Ri
of
TS2, R8, R7 and R6.
On
account
of
this galvanic coupling
ofTSl
and TS2, their working points
will be extremely stable.
Emitter follower TS3 serves for decoupJing and, consequently, for
matching to
output
transistors TS4--TSS. These transistors are connected
as a White emitter follower, so
that
a very low
output
impedance
is
ob-
tained.
13
C.
OUTPUT CIRCUIT
The
waveform
of
the
output
voltage can be selected with SK3.
The
sine-
wave
is
obtained by connecting the amplifier
output
direct to the atte-
nuator
R2.
To
obtain the squarewave volta
ge
, the sinewave signal
is
applied to
an
amplitude limiter TS6-TS7.
The limiting action can be adjusted with potentiometer R20.
Diode
GR3
serves for rectification
of
the sinewave controI voltage
and
thus determines the working
point
of
TS6.
The
amplitude
of
the squarewave
output
signal
is
stabilised by the biased
diode
GR2.
The bias voltage for
GR2
is
provided by voltage divider
R29-GRl.
D. POWER SUPPLY
The instrument
is
supplied by two series connected 9 V batteries.
14
Gaining access
to
parts
A.
THE
BATTERIES •
-Remove
the
two screws
at
the rear.
The
rear panel then
can
be removed.
- Remove the connection wires from the battery.
-Remove the
battery
damp.
-Remove the batteries.
-
Fit
the new batteries in the
appar
atu
s.
-Refit the
battery
d amp.
-
Connect
the series-connection wire to the new batterie
s.
-
Connect
the two remaining connection wires to the new batteries.
(The batteries are provided with two different termina
ls
for the positive
and
negative poles, so
that
it
is
impossible to interchange the connec-
tions.)
-Refit
the
rear panel.
B.
THE
PRINTED
WIRING
BOARD
Remove the rear
panel
(see V-A).
The
cabinet
then
can
be removed.
The
printed wiring
board
(with all
component
s)
is
then acce
ss
ible.
Tt
is
provided
with figures l ... 8,
corresponding
to figures 1...8 in the circuit
diagram. These figures indicate the connection points between the
part
s
mounted
on
the
cha
ss
is
and
the printed wiring
board
.
C.
REMOVING
THE
KNOBS (see Fig. 3)
PEM1605
E 1
32
1
Fig.
3.
Removing the knobs
-Remove
cap
A.
-Unscrew
nut
B
and
tap
it
slightly, while holding the
knob.
-
The
knob
then
can
be taken from the shaft.
.,
15
Recommended batteries
The
batteries used are in accordance with the
lEC
standard,
No. 86-6FlOO.
Type
Make
Country
of
origin
439 Pertrix England
P.P.9 Berec England
276 Eveready U.S.A.
495
EMCE
Germany
Maintenance
A.
THE CABINET
If
the cabinet becomes soiled it can, after removal (
chapter
V-B), be c1eaned
with so
ap
and water,
or
with a light scouring agent.
B.
THE SEGMENT SWITCHES
When the segment switches
no
longer function properly due to dirty
coutacts, they
can
be
treated with switch oil (for code
uumber
see
chapter
XI-A). This oil has cleaning and lubricating properties.
16
Survey
of
adjusting
elements
fl
Adjustment Adjllsting Fig. Measuring
de
vice Chapter
IX
element
Frequency response
curve
RI8
e22
el
) 6 Oscilloscope +
PM 5120
or
PM
5121
B2
Distortion Distortion meter e
Amplitude R26 6
LF
valve voltneter D
Oscilloscope
Mark/space ratio
of
the R20 6 OsciIloscope E
square wave voltage
(see Fig. 4)
Checking
and
adjusting
•
The
tolerances stated
beloware
factory tolerances which apply when
the
apparatus
is
re-adjusted.They may differ from the
data
given in
Chapter
II.
All checks
and
adjustments should be carried
out
at
a 16-V supply
volt
ag
e,
uniess otherwise stated.
A.
BATTERY CURRENT
-Set
SKl
to position "
ON
".
-
Measure
the
current
consumption.
At
a supply voltage
of
18
V the
current
consumption
should be:
24
mA
± 3
mA
in position
'1
25
mA
± 3
mA
in position "-'
B.
FREQUENCY
RESPONSE
CURVE
1.
Mecbanical check
-Set the frequency dial to position 15.
-Set SK3
to
position
"-'.
-Set
SK2
to position x 100.
-Connect
an
oscilloscope to sockets
BUI
-BU2.
-Check
that
the frequency
is
1500
Hz
±
10Hz.
If
the tolerance
is
greater, remove the cap from the frequency dial
and
loosen
the
nut.
17
-Set potentiometer R
18
to the centre position.
-
Tum
the spindle
of
double potentiometer
RI
until the nominal fre-
quency
is
obtained.
-Set the frequency dial to position
15
and tighten the nutwithout moving
the spindle
of
double potentiometer
RI.
-Check the frequency
di
al setting
at
1500
Hz
.
2. Electrical check
-Set the frequency dial to position
100.
-Set SK3 to position ""'.
-Set SK2
to
position x
100.
-Check that the frequency is
10
kHz
± 2% (with the beat frequency
method).
-Set the frequency dial to position
10
.
-Check
that
the frequency is
1kHz
±
2%.
If
necessary, adjust R18 so
that
the frequency inaccuracy
is
smaller
than
2%.
-Set SK2 to position x l
k.
-Set the frequency
dia1
to position
10.
-Check that the frequency
is
10
kHz
± 2%.
If
necessary, correct the
frequency with C22.
-Set the frequency dial to position 100.
-Check
that
the frequency
is
100
kHz
± 2%.
If
necessary, correct the
frequency with C1.
-Check the frequency
at
all ranges
in
the positions
10
,
25,
40,
70
and
100
of
the frequency dia!. Tolerance: ± 3% ± 0.7 Hz.
C. DISTORTION
OF
THE SINEWAVE VOLTAGE
-Set SK3 to position ""'.
-
Mea
sure the distortion with a non-linear distortion meter.
The
distortion should be smaller than 0.7%
at
20
Hz
and
100
KHz.
At
l
kHz
the distortion should
be
smaller than 0.3%.
D. AMPLITUDE
-Set
attenuator
R2
to position 2.0
V.
-Set SK3 to position ""'.
-Check that the
output
amplitude (no 10ad
at
BU1-BU2)
at
all fre-
quencies
is
2 V
rms.
If
necessary, correct with R26.
-Set SK3 to position
'U
.
18
-
Check
that
the
output
amplitude
is 4 Vp _
p.
-Set
SK3
to
po
sition
"'.
-Check the calibration
of
attenuator
R2
at
a frequency
of
1 kHz.
-Check the
amp
litude re
spo
nse
of
the
output
si
gna
l
at
10, 30
and
JOO
Hz
(SK2
in
pos
ition X
l)
and
at
JO,
30
and
JOO
kHz
(SK2 in
position
X
lK).
Tolerance:
::;
1%
of
the
output
amp
litude
at
1
kHz
.
E.
SQUARE
WAVE VOLTAGE
-Set
SK3
to position
'L
.
-Check
that
the
mark
/space
ratio
at
2
kHz
is 1:l (see Fig. 4).
If
necessary, adjust with R20.
-Set
attenuator
R2 to position 2.0 V.
-Check
that
the
output
voltage is 4 Vp _± 5%.
p
-Check
that
the
sag
at
50
Hz
and
4 Vp_
is
::;
10
mY.
p
z
x : y = mark/space ratio
z = sag
PEM
1515
E 1
320
Fig. 4. Square wave vo/tage shape
19
Replacing parts o
No
special parts have been used
in
this a
pparatu
s.
Af
ter replacing
part
s, it may be nece
ss
ary
to
readjust
the relev
ant
part
of
the
circuit (see cha
pter
IX,
Checking
and
adju
sting).
During
repJacement
of
p
ar
ts, the
apparatu
s should be switched off.
Fo
r gaining access
to
parts,
see
chapter
V.
20
List
of
parts
A.
MECHANICAL PARTS
/tern
Numb
er Fig. Ordering number Description
5 4822
693
70011
Front
plate
5 4822 455 70088 Text p!ate
5 4822413 40112
Knob
5
4822413
70037
Cap
for
knob
5 4822
413
40211
Knob
5 4822
273
40058 Switch
S.K2
5 4822 290
40011
Socket
5
4822277
20014
5 4822
413
70017 Cap
5 4822 522 30465 Dia!
4822 390 10007 Switch oil
2
3
4 2
5
6
7 2
8 2
9
10 l bot.
Switch
SKI-SK3
9-10
--+-
...--
,:-----0:__,_-
PM
5101
LF.
GENE
R
ATOR
I
O
.
~ z
-I
OO
k~z
-+
_ -
.....
-1-
-3
~~~
+--
~~
-4
~
--------~~
--
5-6
r-
------~~
-8
ON
'\....
Off
'1
1 ' ..
r .••
a.-
-
~"';-
-7
PE
M
15
65
EI324
Fig. 5. Front view with indication
of
the mechanical parts
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