Radio Shack TRS-80 User manual

s%£
a|AS
Cuslom Mariu factu red in USAby RADIO SHACK. ADivision of TANDV CORPORATlO N

To Our Customers
By adding ahard disk Id your TRS-ffiJ Model 4or 4R you are great]
y
enhancing the capabilities of your computer system. Ahard disk
gives two major advantages over afloppy diskette:
*More storages space per disk.
*Higher reliability because the hard disk is far more durable.
In addition, your hard disk lets you retain aflexible operating system
environ merit. Vbu can use bolh LDOS \fersion 5,1.4 and TRSDOS
Veri>iun fl villi your hard disk system ras ww II as with your floppy
diskette system,

About this Manual
This manual explairs everything you need to know to set up and
begirt ueing your Modal 4/4P hard disk system. It includes pro-
cedures for connecting the hardware, initializing Ihe system, and
moving all programs and data to the hard disk
Details on the TRSDOS Version 6operating system are In
Model 4/4P Disk Si/st&m Owner's Manual.
Notations
For your convenience the following notations are used in the com-
mand syntaxes and the text referring to the commands:
lowercase italics
represent words, letters or values that you supply, or displayed
information that may vary.
[)(square brackets)
indicate optional parameters. Do nol include the brackets when
typing the command.
indicates akey that you press.

Contents
Chapter l
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
ALook at Your Hard Disk Drive ..
.
The Media Error Map ,
Connecting Your Hard? Disk Drives
Connecting th& Primary Drive
Procedure
Cumiecliiig Hie Secondary Dtives -
,
Procedure
Powering Up and Powering Down .
Power-Up Procedure
Power-Down Procedure
Initializing Your System with HARDGEN
Physical Drives vLogical Drives
initialization Procedure
Suggested Responses ...
Operating Your Computer as a
Maud Dish System
Operating Your Computer as a
Floppy Dink System
Chapter 7
Using Application Programs
Moving Your Programs to Hard Disk
The COPY Command
The BACKUP Command ,
Sacking Up aHard Disk
Copying and Restoring Large Files
Copying aFile with HDCQPY4
Restoring aFile wilh HDCOPY4
HDCOPY4 Errors
Technical Information ..
Header Block
Description
Problems and Error Messages
Soot Errors
1
3
3
4
.4
6
,10
10
11
.11
13
19
,20
.21
,23
.23
S3
23
2d
27
.27
.28
29
30
30
30
.33
.33

Appendix AInitializing Your System Manually ,35
Overview ,35
Procedufe 36
Setting Up the Logical Drives 36
Formatting the Hard Disk Drive 37
Moving TRSDOS \fersion 6to
ifaur Hard Disk \jb
Making the Hard Disk the
System Device ,.40
Storing the Configuration on
the Boot Diskette 40
Using the TRSDOS JCL for
Hard Disk Drive Setup .41
Appendix BInitializing with HARDGEN's Oplion D
iHead-by-Head Assignment)
Procedure
Example #1
example #2
CP/M Initialization ,
TRSDOS Initialization
.43
,43
.45
.48
.49
.53
Appendix CCare of ifourHard Disk Drive 57
Appendix OHard Disk Specifications 59
Index 61

Chapter 1
ALook at Your
Hard Disk Drive
The hard d*sk drive b&Slcalty consists of 2or 3platters, or "disks."
that lie parallel Id ong another within the drive, Thccc disk? reside
in the drive permanently
Each side oi each drsst has aread/write head that mews loward
or away from ihe center of the disk as needed to store and retries
information.
RAad.'W'lie
Heatfs
Pl3lter
Tree* ft
Frgore J. internal View (ft Hani Ditto Drive
If you have only one hard disk drive, it is the '"primary"' hard disk
drive. Asmall area on this drive is used lo store the operating
system. Vbu can haus a$ many as 3"secondary" hard disk drives
for storing additional data.

The Media Error Map
When you purchase your hard disk, afew disk areas called 'tracks"
may bo flawed because of minor defects in the media or signals
from external sources. However, no hard disk is shipped with more
than 3flawed tracks per head nor more than 9{5-tneo.l or 12
{15-meg} flawed tracks in all Track never contains flaws.
Before shipment, abuilt-in error detector dfiterminps which, if any
tracks on your hard disk are Hawed. Wo then attach to the bottom
of the disk aMedia Error Map containing this information. Keep
tills map! Radio Shack service technicians may need to refer lo-
ir, if your drive ever needs servicing.
In addition, if you choose 10 initialize your hard disk system
manually you may want to reffir to the Media Error Map when for-
matting the hard disk tfrives. Manual initialization is discussed in
Appendix A. We recommend it only for advanced users who can-
not meet system requirements bv usinq the simpler initialization
procedure discussed in Chapter 4.

Chapter 2
Connecting Your
Hard Disk
If you haven't set up your Model 4/4 Pyet, do so now, referring to
Introduction to Vbur Disk System, ihg startup manual that you
received with your computer. Then connect your primary drive and
any secondary drives as described in this section and the one that
follows Figure 4shows afully configured system
Connecting the Primary Drive
In addition lo this startup manual, your primary hard disk comes
with the following:
*Hard Disk Expansion Cable {50-pin)
*HardDisk Operating Systo min it] ati zot ion Diskette, which
is called the "Hard Disk initialization Diskette" or "Initializa-
tion Diskette" throughout this manual
*Power Cord
+Power Key
Below is an illustration of the back of the primary hard dish drive.
Thb purpose of each connector and jack is described in the
'Procedures" sections in this chapter.
Rgirw 3. Bank Vitrw of the Primary HanS Disk Drive

Procedure
To connect the primary hard disk drive 10 your computer follow
these steps:
1. Connect one end of the hand disk expansion cable to the I/O
bus card edge of your computer.
2. Connect the other end to the COMPUTER IN connector (50-
pin) on the back of the primary hard disk drive
3. Connect the power cord to the primary drive. Plug ihe other
end into agrounded AC power source of appropriate voltage.
Connecting the Secondary Drives
Each secondary hard disk drive comas with Thf> fnl lowing:
•Secondary Hard Disk Expansion Cable
•Pats Cable
•Power Cord
Tho secondary hard disk drives connect to the computer via the
primary hard disk drive.
Be(ore you can Connect the secondary drives, however, you must
take all your hard disk drives—including the primary drive—to a
Radio Shack computer technician to be modified- After the
modification, only one drive is labeled as !he terminator. This drive
must be the last in tho chain-
Warning: If you have boon using the hard disk system and
are adding asecondary drive, be sure to back up all the infor-
mation onto floppy diskettes before you have your hard disk
drives modified. This modification could erase all the informa-
tion you have previously ctorod on your hord dtok drives. Refer
to Chapters for information on backing up to diskettes on your
computer