SBIG AllSky-340 User manual

Operating Manual
AllSky-340 and AllSky-340C
CCD Cameras
Santa Barbara Instrument Group
147A Castilian Drive
Santa Barbara, CA 93117 USA
Phone [phone] Fax [phone]
Web: www.sbig.com E-mail: [email protected]

Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the
limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules.
These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against
harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment
generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not
installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause
harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no
guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If
this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television
reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and
on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or
more of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the receiver and the equipment.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that
to which the receiver is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
Shielded I/O cables must be used when operating this equipment. You
are also warned, that any changes to this certified device will void your
legal right to operate it.
_________________________________________________________
Operating Manual for Allsky-340, AllSky-340C CCD Cameras.
Revision 1.2 June 30, 2009
Copyright © 2009 Santa Barbara Instrument Group, Inc.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW:.......................................... 2
MECHANICAL IMPLEMENTATION:........................................ 4
INITIAL SETUP AND FOCUSING:.............................................. 5
FOCUS, TILT AND CENTERING ADJUSTMENTS:............................... 7
SETTING UP THE SOFTWARE FOR LOGGING ALL SKY IMAGES TO
YOUR PC OR THE INTERNET:.......................................................... 8
INSTALLING FIRMWARE UPDATES FOR THE ALLSKY340:............... 8
MISCELLANEOUS ISSUES:............................................................... 9
ALLSKY-340 SOFTWARE........................................................... 11
MENUS ......................................................................................... 11
Setup Menu ............................................................................. 11
Display Menu.......................................................................... 12
Commands .............................................................................. 12
WINDOWS AND DIALOGS.............................................................. 13
Main Window.......................................................................... 13
Status Bar................................................................................ 15
Serial Port Setup Dialog......................................................... 15
Dark Subtraction Setup Dialog............................................... 17
Still Images Setup Dialog........................................................ 17
Movies Setup Dialog ............................................................... 19
AVI Video Compression Setup Dialog .................................... 21
FTP SETUP DIALOG...................................................................... 21
Dialog Entries......................................................................... 22
Heater Schedule Setup Dialog ................................................ 22
Color Balance Dialog ............................................................. 23
FURTHER HELP............................................................................. 24
Contacting SBIG ..................................................................... 24
APPENDIX A: BLUETOOTH RS-232 OPERATION .............. 25
APPENDIX B: CONNECTORS .................................................. 35
APPENDIX C: TYPICAL SPECIFICATIONS.......................... 36

Introduction and Overview:
SBIG’s new All-Sky camera, the AllSky-340, is SBIG’s
third version of a weatherproof AllSky camera for monitoring
weather conditions. The first had to be obsoleted when we stopped
production of the ST-237A, and the second went obsolete when the
lens we were using became unavailable, with no suitable replacement.
The third version is our best one yet! The sensor is the Kodak KAI-
340 CCD, with 640x480 pixels, 7.4 microns square, and a high gain
output stage for excellent sensitivity. The camera containing the
CCD is our SG-4 Smart Guider camera, our new autonomous guide
camera that is also available.
The All Sky 340 camera, illustrated below in Figure One,
incorporates the SG-4 Camera inside an aluminum enclosure with an
acrylic dome to protect the fisheye lens. The fisheye lens
recommended by SBIG is Fujinon’s new FE185C046HA-1, with a
1.4 mm focal length, F/1.4.
Figure One: All Sky 340 Camera
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The image quality is excellent wide open, all the way to the horizon.
Figure Two shows an All Sky camera image with the Fujinon lens
and KAI-340 CCD. The exposure was 60 seconds from a light
polluted backyard – the first quarter moon had just set behind the

roof. The field of view is slightly greater than 180 degrees in the
horizontal direction.
Figure Two: All Sky Camera Image
The image illustrated was taken using a monochrome sensor.
The unit is also available with a color CCD sensor. Note: with a
monochrome sensor the daylight images are not particularly good –
the sun and bright clouds saturate large portions of the field of view.
With a color sensor the sun has a strong blooming streak top to
bottom in the image, which mars the aesthetics of the image, but it
still works well for cloud detection.
The new All Sky camera has some very interesting features
that make it much more versatile than our previous offerings. First of
all, it has an RS-232 link to the PC for control and image download.
While this interface is very slow in comparison to USB, it will
tolerate 150 foot (30 meter) cable runs. Or, you can throw away the
cable and use a bluetooth wireless link with an optional inexpensive
adapter. And, the unit is low power and can be powered by a solar
array (also optional) so you don’t need any wires AT ALL running
from your PC to the camera! The beauty of this is now the unit can
be located where it has a good view of the sky, instead of good access
to a power plug or PC. Your roof is now the preferred location,
above the trees and neighbor’s houses.
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By actual test, an RS-232 link, using a USB to RS-232
adapter running at 460.8 Kbaud, with a 150 foot long cable,
downloads a full image reliably in ~15 seconds. At 115.2 Kbaud a
full image takes ~60 seconds. Bluetooth wireless adapters will
typically run at 115 Kbaud, and the one we have tried here worked
reliably at a distance of 75 feet. With wireless links, one must
minimize the number of walls you have to pass through. Each wall (2
layers of dry wall or wood) costs about a factor of two in signal and
range.
The All Sky camera can take an image while transmitting,
so with exposures longer than the download time the camera is only
insensitive for the length of the readout of the CCD, which takes
place in less than 1 second to an internal memory buffer in the
camera. As a result, the camera is excellent for meteor detection. Its
field of view is wider than our previous meteor camera, so it should
see many more meteors near the horizon. One other plus – the
software can run continuously in the background while you use your
computer for other tasks. At these download rates the computer
workload is so slight your applications won’t even notice. It will not
interfere with regular imaging using the same PC. The All Sky image
is there when you want to view it.
Mechanical Implementation:
The housing is lustrated in Figure One. The fisheye lens is
mounted to a plate which can be translated, tipped, and focused
relative to the CCD, so the full resolution of the lens can be achieved.
This plate is also heated, to keep the lens free of condensation. The
heat rises into the acrylic dome, warming it and keeping off the dew,
and drying off raindrops. The inexpensive acrylic dome is easily
replaced by removing a few screws, allowing for routine replacement
in the field as the dome suffers the inevitable scratches and damage
due to sunlight, windblown dust and disrespectful birds. The
prototype shown in Figure one is black – the production version has a
white body so it doesn’t get as hot in the sun. The unit is 5.5x5.5x11
inches in size (14x14x28 cm). The cables are designed to exit out the
bottom of the unit so the connectors stay dry. If one runs the cables
into a building make sure the last section of cable before entering the
structure angles upward so water doesn’t drip down the cable into the
wall. The housing has holes in the side so it can be easily mounted to
a post with ¼-20 lag screws, or ¼-20 bolts.

Initial Setup and Focusing:
As with all of our products, we recommend a user become
familiar with the product indoors in a well-lit setting before venturing
outside. A rooftop may be the best place to mount an All Sky
camera, but it is the worst place in the world to be installing software
and learning camera operation, particularly in the dark. Also, do not
try to go to Bluetooth immediately – start with a wired connection.
Begin by installing the software to your PC. Make sure you have
administrator privileges on the PC, and insert SBIG’s software disk.
A screen should pop up in a few seconds. Select “SG-4, AllSKy-
340” software to install and, on the next screen, select “Install
AllSKy-340”. The software should install automatically. You might
also choose to install CCDOPS at this time. (Note – CCDOPS will
not communicate with the AllSky 340. It can display FITS files
saved with the AllSky Program, but that is all.) Next, connect the 9-
pin serial cable between a serial port on your PC and the AllSky
Camera’s RS-232 port. If your computers does not have a serial port,
one can be easily implemented using an USB-RS-232 converter. One
we have had good luck with is the FTDI US232R-10-BLK, but there
are many to choose from. We stock this converter if you wish to
purchase it, and the drivers are also on the software disk. Finally,
hook up the power to the AllSky camera, making sure the connector
is well seated and does not wiggle (which would cause the power to
be intermittent). Power up the unit, and flip the small recessed Power
On/Off switch toward the lettering. The red LED in the switch
should light steadily.
Launch the SBIG AllSky340 software. You will see the
screen shown in Figure Three as well as one or two image windows.
Figure Three AllSky340 Main Software Screen
The first item to try is under the Setup menu item - Serial Port. This
will open up a window you can use to test the RS-232 link. There
you can enter the COM port and the baud rate, and hit TEST. If you
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are successful, a box will pop up saying so. Note that when the
window opens it automatically tries to communicate with the camera
on the selected COM port, starting at 9600 baud and working it way
up in speed. If it successfully finds a camera it tells the camera to
switch to a higher baud rate and try that. If it cannot communicate at
the higher baud rate, it reverts back to the last successful baud rate.
This all happens automatically without user control. The reason you
need to know this is if you try the camera indoors on a computer with
a fast link, and then move outside to a laptop with a slower link, the
camera will not communicate. When this happens, the camera can be
reset to 9600 baud by turning off the power, and holding down the
Guide On/Off button while powering up the camera, and holding it
until the status LED turns red. Then when the Serial Port command is
run it will start out at a baud rate that will work on any machine
(9600).
Once you have successful communication, start the focus
operation by clicking the Start Focus button on the Main Software
Screen. The camera will start out by taking very short exposures and
gradually working its way up to longer exposures until it senses
adequate signal levels. The images displayed are binned 2x2 to speed
this process up. When you start this command, you should have the
AllSky camera in a well-lit room with something on the ceiling above
it you can focus on (other than a way too bright light bulb!). When
an image with adequate brightness is collected the software will ask
you to select a region to focus on. Pick a structured area in the center
half of the frame and the software will go into a rapid focus mode
zoomed in on that area. Focus the area carefully and, when done,
select STOP FOCUS to end the process and return to the Main
Screen.
Once you have a pretty good focus, you might want to select
START FOCUS again and work on the centering. When that looks
good, you can select the START CAPTURE command which will
capture and display full resolution images. You can use these images
to set the final focus. Adjusting for best focus across the CCD by
tilting the lens is best done outside with the unit looking up at a star
field. Focusing the AllSky camera can take some time to get perfect,
so don’t be in a rush to get through this step. Fortunately focus holds
over temperature changes fairly well. Sometimes the day/night
temperature cycling can initially cause some focus shift, but it should
settle down after that.

Focus, Tilt and Centering Adjustments:
The focus, tilt and centering adjustments are shown in
Figure Four. If you have the lens installed at the factory it will be
close when you get it, but it can be tedious getting it perfect.
Figure Four: Focus, Tilt and Centering Adjustments
Focus can be adjusted with the three sets of push/pull screws
around the periphery of the lens plate (marked P/P). They are
adjusted by loosening one screw of the pair slightly, and tightening
the other. You are trying to set focus to an accuracy of about 0.001
inch (25 microns), which is only 1/25th turn of the screw, so a very
delicate touch is required when close. To set the centering, use the
push/pull screws labeled C/C around the edge. Note that this
adjustment can only be done when the focus screws are a little loose
so the plate can translate. The proper order of adjustment is:
A) Inside, in a room:
1) Set the focus close to correct in the center of the image
2) Translate the lens so the centering is quite good
3) Set the focus in the center carefully
B) Outside, under the stars
1) Adjust the tilt of the lens plate to get the best focus
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across the image
2) Tighten up the screws, but do not over tighten them
3) Check focus in the center again
Setting up the software for logging All Sky images to
your PC or the Internet:
The ABIG AllSky 340 software supports a variety of
logging options you can use to monitor sky conditions. The simplest
is to just have it running in the background on your computer, and
when you want to see the latest still image, merely maximize the
application. Other options are to log all images as JPEG and FITS
files to your disk, to log a JPEG or FITS image to a fixed location on
your disk over and over, to transmit the files to a web site where
others can download them, to create movies out of these files saved
on your disk for visualization on your PC or to be uploaded to an FTP
site, etc. The most useful for users who want to share their sky
information with others is just to write a JPEG to a fixed web address
automatically. If you have a web page with FTP access, the software
will allow you to repetitively write the latest image to a location there
provided you have your user name and password. See the AllSky
Software Section of this manual for more information on these
options.
Installing Firmware Updates for the AllSky340:
The AllSKy340 can be easily reprogrammed in the field using the
following procedure:
1) Within the AllSky340 program, select HELP from the top
task bar menu, and select ABOUT,
2) Click the REPROGRAM button,
3) Browse to the new program file (.BFx),
4) Select “OK”
At the end of reprogramming turn power off to the camera and turn it
back on to force a fresh boot of the camera.

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Miscellaneous Issues:
The primary purpose of this camera for most users will be
detection of cloud cover, both during day and night, but primarily
night, at a remote site. Under massive saturation conditions, such as
the sun in the field of view, a vertical column of saturated pixels will
be seen in the image. This appears to be unavoidable at our shortest
exposure of 50 microseconds. When thin clouds are near the sun it
can blossom out horizontally, and be annoying. We feel that, while
this is cosmetically irritating, it does not compromise the primary
purpose of this device much. The monochrome sensors are more
affected by this due to their approximately 4X greater sensitivity.
There is a vent hole underneath the lens plate to allow the
enclosed space under the dome to ventilate to the outside air. There
may be conditions where fogging can appear inside the dome under
rapidly changing atmospheric conditions but it should dissipate
quickly (within an hour) due to the action of the heater. The heater,
when on, is injecting >4 watts into the lens plate to keep the lens clear
of moisture and also the dome, as the heat rises from the plate. This
power level has worked well here in Santa Barbara, which is really
prone to fog due to the presence of the ocean – we think it will work
well for most users. The heater is seldom needed in the day since the
sun heats up the interior of the dome, but will hurt nothing if left on.
The heater schedule can be set within the software mainly to conserve
power for solar powered installations.
Be sure to ground the case. Do not assume the case is
grounded through your PC RS-232 port. At SBIG we have had many
cameras come in that were destroyed by lightning, but at least 4 times
more than that were not actually struck, but simply in the presence of
high electric fields when lightning is in the area. If the camera is on
your rooftop it becomes a lightning rod unless your installation is
solar powered and has a wireless connection. If it is on a roof, and
you are running an RS-232 cable to your PC, we recommend you use
an RS-232 isolator, such as the B&B Electronics 9SPOP2 (www.bb-
elec.com). It slows your baud rate to 115,200. There may be faster
ones out there, but we are not familiar with them.
Since the KAI-340 CCD used in the AllSky 340 camera is
not cooled, dark frames are required on a regular basis to cancel out
the pattern noise due to hot pixels scattered across the CCD. For this

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reason the AllSky 340 camera has a built-in mechanical shutter. The
software contains a control to schedule how often a dark frame is
collected. A new dark should be collected if the ambient temperature
changes by one degree, so each user may have different situations at
their site. We recommend a new dark at least every 15 –30 minutes
or so.

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AllSky-340 Software
The AllSky-340 Software is a complete solution for using the SBIG
AllSky-340 camera. This software provides the following
functionality:
• Focus assistance
• Automatic exposure adjustment
• Continuous imaging
• Still image archiving (FITS or JPG)
• Time-lapse movie creation (AVI) and archiving
• Automatic FTP of still images and/or time-lapse movies.
• AllSky-340 Heater Scheduling
• AllSky-340C Debayering with adjustable color balance
Further details about the functionality of the AllSky-340 Software can
be found by browsing the help topics.
Menus
Setup Menu
The Setup Menu offers commands to setup the functionality of the
AllSky-340 Software.
Commands
Serial Port...
Opens the serial port setup window to allow changing the serial
port and baud rate.
Dark Subtraction...
Opens the dark subtraction setup window to allow changing the
frequency of new dark frames.
Still Images...
Opens the still image setup window to configure still image saving
and archiving.

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Movies...
Opens the movie setup window to configure movie saving,
archiving, and AVI CODEC selection.
FTP...
Opens the FTP setup window to configure the FTP server and log-
in credentials.
Heater Schedule...
Open the heater schedule setup window to set the heater on and off
times.
Display Menu
The Display Menu offers commands to change the visible windows
and the image mode.
Commands
Show Current Image
Shows or hides the AllSky-340 Current Image window. The most
recent image taken by the AllSky-340 camera is shown here.
Show Previous Images
Shows or hides the AllSky-340 Previous Image window. A time-
lapse movie of the past few frames is shown in this window.
DeBayer Images
Enables or disables the debayering algorithms on the images
downloaded from the AllSky-340C. This should only be enabled
for the AllSky-340C. Debayering is the process of calculating a
color image from the CCD, which has a Bayer Mask of color filters
over each 2x2 group of pixels.
Color Balance...
Opens the color balance window. This menu item is only enabled
when DeBayer Images is enabled.

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Windows and Dialogs
Main Window
The AllSky-340 software main window contains the most commonly
used functions when operating the AllSky-340 camera.
Commands
Start Capture Button
This button begins the imaging process. The software will
continuously take images using the AllSky-340 camera, adjust the
exposure time as necessary, create any images and time-lapse
movies that have been setup, toggle the heater state, FTP files, and
any other functionality that normally occurs during operation.
After pushing this button the button text will change to "Abort
Capture" and many other functions will be disabled.
Abort Capture
Pushing this will stop the imaging process. When the abort is
complete, the button text will change to "Start Capture" and the
disabled functions will again be available for use.
Start Focus
The button begins the focus process. While the first step of the
focus process is executing, this button text will change to "Abort
Focus". The focus process starts by taking a low-resolution image
which will be displayed in the Current Image window. When the
low-resolution image is available, the software will prompt for the
user to click on a feature to focus on and the button text will change
to "Continue Focus". During this time, many other functions will
be disabled.
Continue Focus
After the focus feature is selected, clicking this button will
continuously take a full-resolution sub-frame around the focus
feature. During this process, the button text will change to "Abort
Focus".
Abort Focus
Pushing this will stop the focus process. When the abort is
complete, this button text will change to "Start Focus" and the

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disabled function will again be available for use.
Exposure Interval Slider
This slider sets both the interval between exposure start times, and
the maximum exposure time for each exposure.
When the slider is all the way to the left side, the software will take
exposures as fast as possible - limited by the image download time
from the camera. When set to continuous, the maximum exposure
time is 2 minutes.
If the exposure time determined by the imaging process is longer
than the download time, the software automatically interleaves the
download of the previous image with the exposure of the next
image. This allows the camera to be imaging the sky continuously
(except for the CCD readout time of about one second). Thus when
it is dark and the exposure time is equal to the maximum exposure
time, there will only be a very short period where the camera is not
actively imaging the sky.
Image Brightness (DDP) Level
Prior to displaying an image, the software will do a DDP-like non-
linear stretch to the image to better display the full dynamic range
of the images. This slider adjusts how strong of a DDP stretch is
performed on the image. A value of 0% is the weakest stretch and
produces an image that is closest to the raw image from the camera,
while a value of 100% is the strongest stretch.
This stretch is applied to both the image shown in the Current
Image window and the JPG that is saved to disk. The FITS file
does not contain any stretching.
Animation Rate
This slider sets the animation rate for the time-lapse movies.
It is applied both to the movie shown in the Previous Images
window and the AVI files saved to disk.
Max Number of Frames
This sets the maximum number of frames shown in the Previous
Images window, and the maximum number of frames in each AVI
file saved to disk. For the Previous Images window, when the
number of images taken exceeds the maximum number of frames,
the oldest frames are discarded and only the most recent frames are

shown. For the AVI movie files saved to disk, when a file reaches
the maximum number of frames, a new file is created for the next
set of frames.
Status Bar
The AllSky-340 Software Status Bar shows current information about
the state of the software.
Indicator Description
• The first item in the status bar shows the current RS-232
COM port.
• Second is the current RS-232 baud rate.
• Third is the Heater status.
• Fourth is the status text for the current process. Depending
on the current process, this text will change.
• Last is a progress bar indicating progress of whatever is
listed in the status text. In the screen capture above, the
image download is about 25% complete.
Serial Port Setup Dialog
The COM Setup Dialog allows setup and testing of the RS-232 port.
Dialog Entries
COM Port
This specifies the COM port number that the AllSky-340 is
connected to. If you have multiple COM ports, you may have to
experiment to determine the correct number.
Baud Rate
The drop-down list shows all the baud rates supported by the
AllSky-340 and this software. The default baud rate for the camera
is 9600 baud.
Test Button
Pushing this button will cause the software to attempt to connect to
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the AllSky-340 camera. If the software finds the camera at the
specified COM port, but at a different baud rate it will attempt to
change the baud rate to the requested value. If it cannot
communicate with the camera at the requested COM port or baud
rate the test will fail. If the test succeeds, the Ok button will be
enabled.
Ok Button
This accepts the COM Port and Baud Rate and closes the dialog.
Cancel Button
This discards any changes to the COM Port and Baud Rate and
closes the dialog.
Notes
While the camera does ship from the factory set to 9600 baud, it is
possible that communication with the camera may fail when using
third-party adapters (e.g. Bluetooth) that do not operate at this baud
rate. Thus you must first connect to the AllSky-340 using a hard-
wired RS-232 (or USB-to-RS-232) link. When the "Test" button is
used and a successful connection is established at a baud rate, the
AllSky-340 will store the baud rate into its non-volatile memory
and always use the new baud rate.
Since it is possible to use high speed baud rates not always
supported (230400 baud, and 460800 baud) there may be a situation
where the camera is set to a baud rate the PC cannot achieve. If the
"Test" button fails at any Baud Rate and the COM Port is correct,
the AllSky-340 can be reset back to 9600 baud using the following
procedure:
• Power-off the camera.
• Push and hold the Guide On/Off button.
• Power-on the camera.
• Release the Guide On/Off button when the Status LED is
red.
• Cycle power to the camera.
Now the camera will be reset to the default 9600 baud.

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Dark Subtraction Setup Dialog
The Dark Subtraction Dialog allows setup of the automatic dark
subtraction during the imaging process..
Dialog Entries
Dark Subtract Images
This checkbox enables or disables the automatic dark
subtraction feature of the AllSky-340 software.
Maximum Dark Age
This defines how often to take a new dark frame when the exposure
time doesn't change. Since the AllSky-340 is uncooled, the dark
current can change with ambient, thus it can be important to take
new darks on a regular basis.
Exposure Time Tolerance
This value determines how much of a change in exposure time will
require a new dark frame. If a dark is taken with a 60 second
exposure and the exposure time tolerance is 10%, a new dark will
be taken when the exposure time changes to less than 54 seconds,
or greater than 66 seconds.
Ok Button
This accepts the entered values and closes the dialog.
Cancel Button
This discards any changes and closes the dialog.
Still Images Setup Dialog
The Still Images Setup dialog defines what still images to save, and
where to put them.
Dialog Entries
Save Current Image (JPG Format)
Checking this option allows the current (most recent) image to be
saved in JPG format to the specified location. The file will be
named: AllSkyCurrentImage.jpg. When checked, the "Save
Previous Images (JPG Format)" checkbox and the "Upload Current
Image (JPG)" checkbox will be enabled.

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Save Current Image (FITS Format)
Checking this option allows the current (most recent) image to be
saved in FITS format to the specified location. The file will be
named: AllSkyCurrentImage.fit
When checked, the "Save Previous Images (FITS Format)"
checkbox will be enabled.
Save Previous Images (JPG Format)
Checking this option allows all the previous images to be saved in
JPG format to the specified location. The file will be named:
AllSkyImage000000000.jpg
The 000000000 number will be replaced by the current index
(which is incremented after each exposure).
When checked the "Upload Previous Image (JPG)" checkbox will
be enabled.
Save Previous Images (FITS Format)
Checking this option allows all the previous images to be saved in
FITS format to the specified location. The file will be named:
AllSkyImage000000000.fit
The 000000000 number will be replaced by the current index
(which is incremented after each exposure).
File Name Index
This is the current number used in the previous image file names.
Be careful when changing this, it may cause older images to be
overwritten.
Image Path
Sets the location where the current and previous images are saved.
Click the "..." button to browse to the desired location.
FTP:
Upload Current Image (JPG)
Checking this option causes the software to attempt to FTP the
AllSkyCurrentImage.jpg file to the defined FTP location. The FTP
parameters must be set correctly for the FTP to succeed.
Upload Previous Images (JPG)
Checking this option causes the software to attempt to FTP the
AllSkyImageXXXXXXXXX.jpg file to the defined FTP location.
The previous image file is only FTPed when it is first created. The
FTP parameters must be set correctly for the FTP to succeed.