Standard c228a User manual

DELUXE TWIN-BAND
Copyright 0 1990
Standard Amateur Radio Products, Inc.
All Rights Reserved
Printorl ~n lanrn
STANDARD AMATEUR RADIO PRODUCTS, INC.
nnAhll ICAPTI lDCn DV finADAAIT7 IADAhl lAlP

Table of Contents
... INTRODUCTION
.........................
SPECIFICATIONS VIII
........................
GETTING STARTED 1 . 1
...............................
OPERATION 2-1
....................................
General 2.1
..................
Operating Characteristics 2-7
..........................
Changing VFOs 2-7
.............
Setting the Operating Frequency 2-8
..........................
Repeater Operation 2- 10
................
Enable Repeater Operation 2-11
.............
Changing the Offset Frequency 2-12
..............
Changing the Tone Frequency 2-13
Swapping Transmit and Receive
............................
Frequencies 2-15
..........................
Memory Functions 2-16
............
PlacingFrequencies in Memory 2-16
............
Recalling a Memory Frequency 2-18
............
Changing a Memory Frequency 2-19
.............
Deleting a Memory Frequency 2-21
StoringRepeater Operation in a Memory
........................
.....
Location .. 2-23
CancelingRepeater Operationin a Memory
..............................
Location 2-24
StoringTone Squelch Operation in a Memory
..............................
Location 2-25
Changing the Repeater Tone and Offset
.................
Frequencies in Memory -2-26
Temporarily Changing Frequency During
................
the Memory Recall Mode 2-28
.........................
ScanningFunctions 2-29
.................
VFO-Frequency Scanning 2-30
..............
Memory-Frequency Scanning 2-33
.................
Tone-Frequency Scanning 2-37
............
Paging and Coded Squelch Function 2-39
....................
Preparation forPaging 2-40
.........................
Paging a Station 2-44
Receiving a Page
........................ 2-46
Miscellaneous Functions
................... : . 2-48
Turning Off One Receiver
................. 2-48
Dual-Watch
............................ 2-48
Changing the TransmitterPower
.......... 2-51
Changing the Frequency Step
..... .... 2-52
Battery-Saver Function
................. 2-53
Frequency Lock Function
................. 2-54
FIT Lock Function ...................... 2-55
Tone-Squelch Function
................... 2-55
Auto-Power Off
......................... 2-57
Muting the Beep Tones
................... 2-58
Changing the Number of BeepTones During
Pager Operation
........................ 2-59
Entering the
1 kHz Frequency Digit ......... 2-60
Changing the Pager Code Delay
............ 2-61
Changing the SquelchDelay
............... 2-62
Using the Rotary Channel Selector While
Frequency is Locked
.................... 2-63
Coded Squelch
.......................... 2-64
Cross-Band Repeater Operation
............ 2-65
10MHz Keyboard Entry
.................. 2-67
Page 111
1MHz Rotary C~J&-I belector Steps ....... 2-68
10MHz
VIA ~re~uenc~Steps ............. 2-69
Transmittippa Single
DTMF Tone .......... 2-70
Disabling Voice Paging
................... 2-71
Copying Memory Contents to Another
Transceiver
........................... 2-72
Expanding the Memory
(1) .................. 2-74
Expandingthe Memory
(2) .................. 2-75
Deleting
an Expanded Memory Address ........ 2-76
Changingthe Call frequency
................. 2-77
Storing
a DTMF sequence in memory using DTMF
sequencememory
........................ 2-78
SquelchingSub-band Audio while Transmitting
... 2-79
ABOUT THE BATTERY
..................... 3-1
....
IN CASE OF DIFFICULTY
..................
WARRANTY
SCHEMATICBLOCK DIAGRAM
. .
. Last page
Fold -in

Page IV
INTRODUCTION
20memory channelsareavailable,ten in eachband.
Separate repeater offset and tone frequency can be
stored along with the operating frequency in each
memorychannel.Thememory canbeexpandedto40
channels, with somestorage limitations.
Your Standard Model C228A is a highly versatile, yet
compact Deluxe Twin-Band Mini HT that is built and
tested to stringent specifications. It uses the latest sur-
face mount and microcomputertechnologies
to provide
you with many useful functions.The following features
are built into your Transceiver: EitherPause orBusy scanfunctionscan be selected.
Scanning of the dial frequency provides a 1
MHz
scan, all scan, orprogram (favorite) scan.
Unsurpassed receiversensitivityof 0.158
pV for 12
dB SINAD.
Broad-band reception 130 MHz to 175 MHz on
144 MHz Band and 200 MHz to 245
MHz on 220
MHz Band.
Transmitter
RF output may be set to any one of
three power levels: low (350 mW),medium (2.5
W), and high (2.8W) with the 7.2 V standard bat-
tery pack.
High efficiencyfor long battery life.
Frequencies can
be entered directly from the key-
board or via a unique rotary channel switch.
A 7.2-volt, 700 mAh rechargeablebattery and wall
cube chargerare included.
A wide range of acceptable external power supply
voltages
(6.0 to 16volts DC) allowsyou topowerthe
Transceiver directly from
an automobile battery.
Page V
.
A tone squelch function (when the optional
Model
CTN520 CTCSS Tone Squelch' Unit is
installed) enables the Transceiver to hear only sta-
tions that use the same specific tone frequency.
This tone frequency is selected via the rotary
channel switch.
Simultaneousoperationof the codesquelchand tone
squelch functions.
An auto-poweroff functionreducesthecurrent drain
if you forget
to turn the Transceiveroff.
A code squelch functionenables the Transceiver to
hear only stations that have the same code. This
functionis especially ideal foruse at hamfests when
you want to stayintouch withyourfriends,but prefer
not to hear
all of the othernoise.
A singlepress of a pushbutton opens the squelchso
you can easily check the volume setting.
AFunction button allowsyou to select either 10
kHz
or 100 kHz steps when you turn the rotary channel
selector.
Duplex operation permits full-duplex QSOs using
the two bands.
A paging function allows you to page one or more
specificstations, or all stationsin a groupby means
of a 3-character DTMF (dual tone modulated fre-
quency) signal.When this paging signal isreceived,
the other station(s) sounds a beep and the Trans-
ceiver's displayindicatesthat ithas been paged. The
paging station can be identified by its individual
code.
Built-in crossband repeater function with no or 2-
second "tail".
The DTMF function allows you to control some
repeaters and make telephone calls via your Trans-
ceiverthrough certain repeaters.

Selected frequencies and operating mode may be
locked to prevent inadvertent changes.
FIT may be locked to prevent inadvertenttransmis-
sion.
A 2-color
LED glows green when a signal is being
received and red during transmit.
The dial lamp can be turned on momentarily or
locked on.
The lightweight and compact sizemake this Transceiver a
xmdyadditiontoanyamateurradiooperator's equipment.
4VAILABLE ACCESSORIES
CNB150 CompactRechargeable Battery Pack (7.2 V,
400 mAh).
CNB15
1
StandardRechargeable Battery Pack (7.2 V,
700 mAh).
CNBI52 High-Power Rechargeable Battery Pack (12
V, 600 mAh).
CNB153 Long-Life Rechargeable Battery Pack (7.2
V, 1000mAh).
CWC15OA Wall Charger (supplied). For use with 7.2
volt battery packs, Models CNB150,
CNB15
I or CNB153. Plugs directly into a
wall outlet.
CSAl60A AutomaticQuick Charger.Desk-top charger
quickly charges all of the above recharge-
able battery packs.
ZTN520 CTCSSEncodeIDecodeToneSquelchUnit.
Page VII
CLC520 Regular Carrying Case for Transceivers CMA 1 1 1 Mobile Bracket.
that have a standard Model CNB151 Bat-
tery Pack. CMPl11 SpeakerFlicthat combinestwofunctions in
one hand-held unit.
CLC521 Large Carrying Case for Transceivers that
have a Model CNB152 or CNB153 Bat- CHPl11 Headset
with microphone and remote push-
tery Pack. to-talk button.

Page VIII
SPECIFICATIONS*
GENERAL
FrequencyRange ................................. 144 MHz band Receive: 130 to 175 MHz.
220 MHz band Receive: 200 to 245 MHz (in
5 kHz
steps).
144 MHz band Transmit: 144 to 147.995 MHz
220 MHz band Transmit: 220 to 224.995 MHz (in 5
kHz
steps).
.................................
Modulation Type F3.
.......................
Microphone Input Impedance 600 ohms.
...............................
Speaker Impedance 8 ohms.
.............................
Power Requirements .7.2 volts, nominal.
A 7.2-volt, 700 rnAh battery pack
(Model CNB151) is supplied with the Transceiver.
............................
External Input Voltage. 6.0 to 16volts
DC.
*Specificationsare guaranteedwithin the U.S. amateur bands.
Page
IX
........
size(excludingknobs and antenna) ......... .-
6-114" H x 2-518" W x 1-318" D (159 x 67 x 35mm).
Weight (includingantenna and supplied battery pack)
.... 16.9 oz. (479 g).
RECEIVER
ReceiverType ................................... Double-conversion superheterodyne.
First IntermediateFrequency.
....................... 144 MHz band: 21.8 MHz.
220 MHz band: 23.05 MHz.
Second IntermediateFrequency.
..................... 455 kHz.
................
Sensitivity (within the amateur bands) 0.158
pV for 12 dB SINAD*.
Signal-to-noise ratio at 0.5 pV input ................. 30dB or better.
Squelch Sensitivity
..............
Audio Output ...................
............... 0.1pV
............... 200 mW into 8 L2 (10%distortion).
Signal + Noise + Distortion
'SINAD
=
Noise + Distortion

Page X
...........
Standby Power Consumption (approximate). Twin-band mode: 70mA
.
Mono-band mode: 45 mA 220 MHz band,
36 mA 144 MHz band.
.... Twin-band mode: 32 mA.
Mono-band mode: 18
mA 220 MHz band,
17
mA 144 MHz band.
...................
Battery Save (approximate)
..................................
Auto-power Off 1 mA, approximate.
TRANSMITTER
RFOutput Power. ...............
............. With 7.2-volt battery packs:
144MHz 220MHz
Power Level
Low
Medium
High
band band -
WmW 350 mW
2.5 W 2.5
w
2.8 W 2.5 W
With 12-voltbattery packs:
144MHz 220MHz
Power Level
Low
Medium
High
Spurious Signal Ratio ............................. Better than -60 dB.
.....................
Maximum Frequency Deviation f5 kHz.
band - band
350 rnW 350 mW
Frequency Modulation System . .
Reactance modulation. .................
Built-in microphone ...............
Power Consumption (approximate)
With
13.8 Volts DC. .........
With 7.2 Volts DC. ..........
............ Electret capacitor type.
1200
mA 220 MHz band, 1200 mA 144 MHz band at 5 ............
watts RF output (high).
850
mA 220 MHz band, 850 mA 144 MHz band at 2.5
watts
RF output (medium).
480
mA at 0.35 watts RF output (low).
850
mA 220 MHz band, 800 rnA 144 MHz band at 2 watts
.........
output (high).
850
mA 220 MHz band, 800 mA 144 MHz band at 2 watts
output (medium).
480
rnA at 0.35 watts RF output (low).
Standard Amateur Radio Products, Inc. reserves the
right to discontinue products and to change specifica-
tions at any time without incurring any obligation to
incorporate a new feature in products previously sold.

--
7
Page 1-1
GETTING STARTED
When you unpack your Transceiver, you will have to
.
perform the following steps to get it ready for operation:
1.
Push the end of the antenna onto the Transceiver's
Antenna connector.Besuretomatch the locking pin
oneach sideof theconnector with the slotsin the end
of
the antenna. Then turn the antenna clockwise to
lockitintoplace.
NOTE: Your antennamay not look
like the one shown in some drawings.
2.
If the battery pack is not already installed, hold the
Transceiver
in one hand and grasp the battery pack
with the other hand. Then slidethe battery pack onto
thebottom oftheTransceiver.Thebattery pack isde-
signed to fit only the correct way.

Page 1-2
To remove the battery pack, push the battery lock button
upwardwithyourthumbandcarefullypullthebatterypack
in the direction shown until it slides completely free.
3.
Rotate thePWR control in a clockwisedirectionjust
enough to turn the Transceiver on.
.Do not turn this
control any further clockwise yet.
NOTE: Your Transceiver contains two separate receiv-
ers, each with its own volume control, squelch control,
and display. Many of the keyboard buttons are active
on only the band (144 or 220
MHz band), that is cur-
rently selected. Even though you can receive on both
bands simultaneously, the transmitter is active on the
selected band.
4. To select the 144 MHz band, just press the 144
button located just below the displays. The word
"Main" will appear above the 144
MHz band dis-
play to indicate that
it has been selected.
I APPEARS MOVE THIS DISPLAY
1
5.
Toselect the 220 MHz band, press the 220 button
located just below the displays. The word "Main"
will appear above the 220
MHz band display to
indicate that it has been selected.

Page 1-4
6. Push the 144 button to select the 144 MHz band.
Then rotate the 144 VOL (Volume) control in a
clockwjse direction for the desired 144
MHz band
volume. NOTE: If you do not hear noise, hold
down the
SQL OFF (Squelch Off) button while
you adjust the volume.
8.
Push the 220 button to select the 220 lMHz band.
Then rotate the 220 VOL control in a clockwise
direction for the desired 220
MHz band volume.
If necessary, hold down the
SQL OFF button to
unsquelch the 220
MHz band receiver while you
adjust the volume.
7.
Rotate the 144 SQL (Squelch) control counter
clockwise until you hear noise, if this has not
already been done. Then rotate the control clock-
wise until the noise just disappears. NOTE:
Advancing the control further clockwise from this
position will reduce the receiver sensitivity.
Page 1-5
9.
Rotate the 220 SQL control counterclockwise to
hear noise, if this has not already been done. Then
rotate the control clockwise until the noise just
disappears. NOTE: Advancing the control further
clockwise from this position will reduce the
receiver sensitivity.

Page 1-6
10. To transmit, first press the 144 or 220 button to
select the band where you wish lo transmit. Then
push thc
PTT (push-lo-talk) button on the side oS
the Transceiver. To receive, release the button.
NOTE: While you are transmitting on one band,
the receiver on the other band is fully operational.
Figure 1-1
WALL CHARGER
11. Be sure to fully charge the battery pack before you
use your Transceiver for the first time. To do this,
refer to Figure
1-1 and plug the free end of the cable
coming from the wall charger into its corresponding
socket near the lower right side of the battery pack.
Then plug the wall charger into a standard
120 VAC
walloutlet.The
LED onthe wall charger will lightto
indicate thatthe batteryischarging.Allow the battery
pack to charge for about
14 hours before you use the
Transceiver.
NOTE: To charge the Transceiver with the optional
Automatic Quick Charger, Model CSA160A, refer to the
instructions packed with that accessory.
Page 1-7
CAUTION
Never charge the battery pack with a charger other
than those specified,as thiscould damage the battery
pack.
Do not solder leads or connect wires directly to the
battery pack's output terminals.
Donotshort-circuittheinputoroutputterminals.The
resulting current surge could damage the battery
pack. The large current could also cause bums.
Donotexposethebatterypacktoextremeheatorfire.
If the battery pack becomes wet, wipe ihe pack thor-
oughly dry before using it.
Do not attempt to disassemble or modify the battery
pack.
Do not overcharge. Repeated overcharging deterio-
rates the performance of the battery pack.

Page 1-8
If you intend to operate your Transceiver from an
external power source, you will need
a matching
power plug that has a
3.8 rnm outsidediameter. A
smaller plug will not operate the battery-
disconnect switch that is part of the
DC IN
socket. Be sure to wire the plug with the proper
polarity as shown.
NOTE: This Transceiver will operate properly
between
6.0 and 16 volts DC. Use caution when
you use an automobile battery for external power;
some automobile systems produce spikes that
exceed this voltage range, and could damage the
Transceiver.
OUTSIDE
RING
0
INSIDE
Your Transceiver is now ready for operation.
Page 2-1
OPERATION
GENERAL
Refer to Figure 2- 1 while you read the followingdescrip
tions of the top panel controls.
EXTERNAL 144 MHz BAND
SPEAKER JACK
ANTENNACONNECTOR
\
EXTERNAL 220 MHz BAND
JACK SPEAKER JACK
144 MHz BAND VOLUME - Sets the volume level of
144 MHz band reception. Hold down the SQL OFF
button (on the front of the Transceiver)or turn the 144
SQUELCH control fully counterclockwise while you
set the receiver volume to the level you desire.
144 MHz BAND SQUELCH - Mutes the 144 MHz
band receiver when no signal is being received. Start
with this control set fully counterclockwise; then rotate
the control clockwise until the background noise just
disappears. NOTE: Further clockwise rotation of this
control reduces the receiver sensitivity.
/ / / I TWBUSY"" \
144MHz BAND VOLUME INDICATOR
ROTARY CHANNEL
144MHz BAND SELECTOR
220 MHz BAND SQUELCH
Figure 2-1

Page 2-2
220 MHz BAND VOLUME - Turns the Transceiver
on and off and sets the volume level of 220 MHz band
reception. Hold down the SQL OFF button (on the
front of the Transceiver) or turn the 220 SQUELCH
control fully counterclockwise while you set the receiver
volume to the level you desire.
220 MHz BAND SQUELCH - Mutes the 220 MHz
band receiver when no signal is being received. Start
with this control set fully counterclockwise; then rotate
the control clockwise until the background noise just
disappears. NOTE: Further clockwise rotation of this
control reduces he receiver sensitivity.
TRANSMITIBUSYIBATTERY
- Glows red in the
transmit mode, green when either, or both, receivers be-
come unsquelched (from a received signal, when the
Squelchcontrol issetfullycounterclockwise, orwhenyou
press the SQL
OFF button). If a signal is received on the
opposite receiver duringtransmission, this
LED glows red
andgreenatthe sametime.
NOTE: If this LED failstolight
in the transmit mode orbecomes dim, it indicates that the
batteries need to be recharged.
ROTARY CHANNEL SELECTOR
- Sets the trans-
mitter and receiver frequencies, tone frequency, channel
steprate, offset frequency, paging address number during
paging, andmemory addressnumber.Rotatingthiscontrol
clockwiseincreasesthefrequency,whilerotatingitcounter-
clockwise decreasesthe frequency.Thefollowingchannel
steprates are available: 5kHz, 10kHz, 12.5kHz, 20 kHz,
25 kHz, and 50kHz.
ANTENNA
- Accepts the flexible antenna ora 50-ohm
fixed or mobile antenna. Refer to "Getting Started" for
installation.
SP144 (144
NlHz Band Speaker Jack) - Accepts the
optional Microphone/Speaker (Model CMPI 11) or
Headset with PTT (Model CHPll1). Also can be used
with external &ohm speakers or headphones. NOTE:
When you use this jack by itself (nothing is connected
to the SP220jack), both 144 MHz band and 220 MHz
band audio is sent to the external speaker, and the
internal speaker is disabled. If external speakers are
connected to both the SP144 and SP220 jacks, 144
MHz band audio is sent to one external speaker and
220 MHz band audio is sent to the other external
Page 2-3
speaker. The following chart shows the various. speaker
combinations:
External Built-in
Jack Used Speaker Speaker
SP144
SP220 only
I SP144 and SP220 1 144 & 220 1 Disabled 1
MIC microphone Jack) - Accepts the optional
Microphone/Speaker (Model CMPI
1 1 or Headset with
PTT (Model CHPl11):
SP220 (220
MHz Band Speaker Jack) - Accepts the
optional Microphone/Speaker (Model CMPI 11) or
Headset with
PTT (Model CHPl I I). Also can be used
with external &ohm speakers or headphones. Refer to
the chart under "SP144 (144 MHz Band Speaker
Jack)".
Refer toFigure 2-2 onPage 2-4 while you read the follow-
ing descriptions of the front and side controls.
FUNC (Function)Button
- Works together with other
buttons to perform special functions.
PTT (push-TO-Talk) Button
- Pressing this button
places the Transceiver in the transmit mode.
L (Lamp)Switch-Illuminates the display foroperation
at night. The light will normally extinguish in about 5
seconds, or you can press the button again to turn it off
sooner. To make the light stay on, hold down the
FUNC-
TION button while you press this button. You will then
have to pressthese two bumns again to turn itoff.
NOTE:
To help conserve the battery, we recommend that you do
not leave the lamp on any longer than necessary.
SQL
OFF Button - Unsquelches the 144 MHz band
or 220 MHz band receiver, depending upon which is
selected (with the 144 MHz band and 220 MHz band
buttons). To unsquelch the opposite (unselecled)

soLoFF 1
CALL /1
li
LOCK -
(Battery Pack Lock)
DISPLAY
?AND1220 MHz BAND
KEYBOARD
Connector)
Figure 2-2
Page 2-5
receiver, hold down the FUNCTION button while you
press this button NOTE: Turning the 144
MI^ band
Squelch or 220
MHz band Squelch control fully coun-
terclockwise only disables the noise squelch circuitry
(turning one of these squelch controls counterclockwise
will not unsquelch the receiver if the tone squelch
and/or coded squelch f~mctionsfor that receiver are
turned on). The SQL OFF button, however,
unsquelches the receiver regardlessof the settings of the
tone or code squelch functions.
CALL Button - Recalls the priority call frequency.
144 MHz Band Button - Selects the 144 MHz (very
hlgh frequency) band. "Main" will appear above the
144 MHz band display. You must press this button
before you can transmit on the 144 MHz band and
before many of the other keyboard buttons will have
any affect on the 144MHz band.
DC IN (External Power Connector) - Provides acon-
nection for external power (not for charging the battery).
NOTES:
1.
MakesuretheTransceiverisoff while you connector
disconnect from this connector.
2. Makesuretheexternalsourcesuppliesbetween6and
16 volts DC. Use caution when you use an automo-
bilebattery.Someautomobilesystemsproducespikes
that could exceed this range, and could damage the
Transceiver
3.
Be sure to observe the correctpolarity.
220 lMHz Band Button - Selects the 220 MHz (ultra
high frequency) band. "Main" will appear above the
220 MHz band display. You must press this button
before you can transmit on the 220 MHz band and
before many of the other keyboard buttons will have
any affect on the
220 MHz band.

Page 2-6
BATTERYPACK - Standard battery pack. Severaldif-
ferent battery packs are available for this Transceiver.
Refer to "Available Accessories" on Page VI.
shift frequency, receiver signal strength, tone frequency,
and high,medium,orlowtransmitteroutputforeachband,
and shows which band is currently selected.
BATTERY PACK LOCK BUTTON - Locks or re-
leasesthe battery pack. Push this button upward while you
slide the battery pack free from the Transceiver.
r,l MAlN S B
bl MAlN SB --•
a3 -*
MU. DUALTSQ+- MLI. DUALTSQ+-
KEYBOARD - Allows you to enter many operating
parameters.Labelsprinted inwhite indicateakey's opera-
tion when it ispressed by itself, while blue labelsindicate
thekey's operationwhenitispressed alongwith the
FUNC
(Function) button. (Think of this as being like the Shift
function on a typewriterorcomputerkeyboard.)The keys
labeled in red are active only while the
PIT button is
pressed and transmit
DTMF (dual-tone modulated-fre-
quency) tones.
SPEAKER - Location of the built-in speaker.
MICROPHONE - Location of the built-in condenser
microphone.
RESET Switch - Resets the Transceiver's internal mi-
croprocessor. This switch is normally only used after the
internallithium battery has been replaced.
NOTE: Press-
ingthis switchclearsthe memoryand returnsalloperating
parameters to their original default settings.
DISPLAY - Indicatesthe operating frequency,channel
step,specialfunctions(suchaspaging,coded squelch,tone
squelch,frequencylock,
PIT lock, and + or - transmitter
shift),memory addressnumber,memory mode, scanning,
-
Page 2-7
Operating Characteristics Changing VFOs
Occasionally, you may experience interference in the
220 MHz band while you are transmitting in the 144
MHz band. This occurs when 220 MHz frequency is
approximately three times the 144 MHz frequency. To
avoid this problem, try to avoid using frequencies that
are multiples of each other.
Your Transceiver contains two separate 144MHz band
and 220 MHz band VFOs. The VFO for the 144 MHz
band is initially set to 146.00 MHz, while the VFO for
the 220 MHz band is initially set to 222.10 MHz. Many
key entries only affect the VFO that has been selected
by pressing the 144 MHz and
220 MHz button that is
located just below the display. In addition, the Trans-
ceiver will only transmit on the selected band. "MAIN"
will appear above the display for the VFO that has
been selected.
To change VFOs, just press the appropriate
144 MHz
or 220 MHz button.
Short high-pitched beep . . Properoperation.
Long high-pitched beep
.. Aparticularopera!ion hasbeen
performedproperly.
Short low-pitched beep.
.. Improper operation or an in-
correct key entry.
Five short beeps
.. . . .... Auto-Power Off is operating,
or a signal has been received
during pager operation.
Three long beeps
. . . .... A signal has beentransmitted
during pager operation.
Short puff sound
.. .. .. . . Afunction hasbeencanceled,
ortheTransceiverhasreturned
to the initialsetting.
Selects the 220 MHz band
Selects the 144 MHz band

Page2-8
Setting the OperatingFrequency
You can use the ROTARY CHANNEL SELECTOR, the
keyboard, orthe
V and A buttons to set theoperating fre-
quency. To use any of these methods:
Press the
144 MHz band or 220 MHz band but-
ton (to select the appropriate band
VFO).
2. If there is an "M" on the display above the left-most
digit of the frequencydisplay,press
V/M to enterthe
VFO mode (the "M" will extinguish).
Touse thekeyboard,pressthe0 through
9 buttons to select
the frequency you desire(beginning with the 1MHzdigit).
If you wish to use 146.52 MHz, for example, enter 6 5 2.
The corresponding digits of the display will successively
indicate your entries.
If you wish to easily change the 10 MHz digit (4-digit
entry), press FWNC
+ SETand then FUNC + FL. Repeat
this procedure to return to 3-digit entry.Refer to "10 MHz
Keyboard Entry" on Page 2-67 for more information.
Touse the ROTARY CHANNEL SELECTOR, rotate the
knobclockwise to increase the frequencyorcounterclock-
wise to decrease the frequency, until you obtain the fre-
quency you desire. This knob changes the frequency in 5
kHz steps. Refer to "Changing the Frequency Step" on
Page 2-50 for information about changing the frequency
step rate to 10kHz, 12.5kHz, 20
kHz, 25kHz, or50kHz.
For normal operation, set the step to 5 kHz.
Leftside of display
Page 2-9
Tochange the frequency in 100kHz steps, hold down the
FUNCTION button while you turn the ROTARY CHAN-
NEL SELECTOR.
To use the
V and A buttons, hold the appropriate button
down until you obtain the desired frequency.
I IP

Page 2-1 0
REPEATER OPERATION
In a normal simplex (nonrepeater) communication, your
receiver and transmitter are set to the same frequency.
lX222.10 MHz
RX:222.10 MHz TX:222.10 MHz
RX:222.10MHz
Enabling Repeater Operation
To setup yourTransceiver for repeater operation, perform
the following steps:
Repeaters (automatic relay stations), which are usually
located on a high building or tower, allow you to com-
municate over longer distances than you can during
simplex operation. This is particulary true when either
your station or the other station (or both) are mobile
stations. One of the major differences from your Trans-
ceivcr's standpoint is that the transmitter and receiver
are set to different frequencies. Normally, your trans-
mitter should operate on the frequency that is 600 kHz
(for the
144 MHz band) or 1.6 MHz (for the 220 MHz
band) away from the receiver frequency. This transmit-,
ter offsetmay be above or below the receiver frequency,
depending upon the particular repeater. Your Trans-
ceiver was preset at the factory for -600
kHz and 1.6
MHz.
NOTE: If you attempt to transmit outside of the U.S.
amateur bands, the PTT button will be disabled and the
display will indicate
"OFF".
Select the
ing shows
cedure for
desired band. The accompanying draw-
the 144MHz band;
use the same pro-
the
220 MHz band.
Set
the desired(receiver)operatingfrequency. NOTE:
This is the repeater's transmit frequency.
Press
RPT (FUNC f RPT). A "T and a "-"
will appear above the display. This indicates that
the tone encoder is enabled and the transmitter
offset is below the receiver frequency. NOTE: The
optional tone encoder Model CTN520 must be
installed before the tone encoder will actually
work.
If you want the transmitter to operate above the
receiver frequency, press
RPT (F&C + RPT). The
"" will change to "+", and the '7" will still be
displayed.
Left side of dlsplay
MAIN
Page 2-1 1
Pressingthe PTT bunon causes
the transminer lrequencyto
be
onset by HZ.
Changesto '+'

Page 2-1 2
5.
Toreturn to simplexoperation,press RlT(FUNC +
RW).The "T" and "+" will extinguish.NOTE: If the
Transceiveris sel for a
"-" offset, you will have to
press these keys twice to cancel repeateroperation.
Changing the Offset Frequency
Your Transceiver was factory preset for a -600 kHz
offset on the 144MHz band and a -1.6 MHz offset on
the 220 MHz band. The following steps show you how
to change these presets.
NOTE: Offset frequencies must be between
0.000 and
39.995 MHz.
Select the desired band. NOTE: This example
assumes that you are changing the 144 MHz
band. Use the same procedure for the
220 MHz
band.
Press SET (FUNC
+ SET). The frequency display
will extinguish.
Left side ol display
1 MAIN
3.
Press the RPT button (by itself). The display will
indicate the current offset.
4.
Use the ROTARY CHANNEL SELECTOR, the
numeric buttons, or the V and
A bullons to set the
desired offset. Disregard any
"-" or "+" indicatorat
this time. NOTE: If you use the numeric buttons to
enter the offset, you
will have to use the ROTARY
CHANNEL SELECTOR orthe V and
A buttonsto
set the kHz digit to
5 kHz (such as 605 kHz).
5.
Pressthe V/M button to relumtothenormal display.
6.
If you wish to changethe offset direction,press RPT
(FUNC + RPT). Each press of this combination of
buttons alternates between a negative shift
("-"),
positive shift ("+"), and no shift (cancels repeater
operation).
NOTE: If you attempt to transmit on 144 MHz band
when the transmitter offset is set to a frequency that is
outside of the amateur band, the
PTT button will not
key the transmitter.
pK+F
ubu
4 Offsetchanaes lo "+"
Changingthe Tone frequency
Your Transceiver was factory preset for a 88.5 Hz tone
on the
144 MHz and 220 MHz bands. The following
steps show you how to change these presets.
NOTE: Even though you can change the displayed tone
frequency,you musthavetheoptionalCTCSStonesquelch
unit installed in your Transceiverbefore the tone squelch
function will work.
Select the desired band. NOTE: This example
assumes that you are changing the 144 MHz
band. Use the same procedure for the
220 MHz
band.
Press SET (FUNC
+ SET). The frequency display
will extinguish.
Press the T.SQ button (by itself). The display will
indicate the current tone frequency.

Page 2-14
Leftside of display
M Alp
4.
UsetheROTARY CHANNELSELECTORorthe V
and A buttons to select the desired tone. Table 2-1
shows the 38 available tones.
5. Pressthe VIM button to return tothe normal display.
Disappears
Table 2-1
AVAILABLETONE FREQUENCIES (in Hz)
~267.0 a 97.4 q2136.5 7Al92.8
Xfl71.9 (£100.0
yA 141.3 r/ll 203.5
'idW4.4
I ~103.5 48 146.2 M2210.7
Y 677.0 \ 4107.2 52151.4 M3218.1
we 79.7 22110.9 5 ~156.7 My 225.7
72 82.5 2/41 14.8 tj~ 162.2 ~5233.6
y,4 85.4 2 8118.8 &El 67.9 ~6241.8
.(fj 88.5 3-2 123.0 6fl173.8lW13250.3
2291.5
34 127.3 at3 179.9
21394.8 38131.8 7tl86.2
Page 2-1 5
Swapping Transmit and Receive Frequencies
Left side of the display
If you wish to interchange your transmitter and receiver
frequenciesduring repeateroperation, perform thefollow-
ing steps:
Blinks
1.
Press REV (FUNC + REV). The display will now
indicate the former transmitter frequency and, when
youpressthe
EIT button,thedisplaywill indicate the
former receiverfrequency. In addition, the
"-" or"+"
indicatorwill blink toindicatethat theTransceiveris
in the reverse mode.
2.
To return to normal operation, press REV (FUNC +
REV) again.

Page 2-1 6
MEMORY FUNCTIONS 3.
Your Transceiver has provisions for twenty memory
frequencies, 10 in the 144
MHz band and 10 in the 220
MHz band. You can easily recall, change, and scan 4,
these frequencies.
Each memory location is assigned a memory address
number. The memory addressnumbersfor each band are
MO through
M9. The V/M button allows you to alternate
between the
VFO and memory modes.
Placing Frequencies in Memory
Toplace the frequency 146.61 in memory locationMI of
6.
the VHF band (assumingmemory locationMI is emptyat
this time),forexample, perform the followingsteps:
1. Press the 144 button.
PressENT
(FUNC + ENT). A letter"M" will appear
above the frequency display.
Press
the 1button to writethefrequencyintomemory
location 1.
A longbeep indicatesthat the memoriza-
tion iscomplete.In addition,a
"1" will appearon the
display next to the "M"
to indicate that the Trans-
ceiver is in the memory mode and the frequency is
nowstoredinMI.
The storedfrequencyisreferred to
as the memory frequency.
Press
V/M to return to the VFO mode.
Use the same procedure to store frequencies in
other memory locations. In addition, you can
store frequencies in the 220
MHz band locations
by first pressing the 220 button.
NOTE: Referto"Expanding theMemory" (Page2-74)for
informationabout increasingthe memory to 40.
Page 2-1 7
Appears
R+& +
+
Appears
I
Disappears
I

Page 2-1 8
Recalling a Memory Frequency
To recall a frequency that has already been placed in
memory M1 of the 144 MHz band, for example, per-
form the following steps.
1.
Press the 144 button to select the 144 MHz band,
if this has not already been done.
2.
Press the V/M button, if the Transceiver is not al-
ready in the memory recall mode. NOTE: An
"M"
abovethe frequencydisplay indicates that theTrans-
ceiverisin the memory mode. The memory address
that you selected last and its corresponding fre-
quency will appear on the display (if the memory
address is empty, the "M" will blink).
3.
Use the ROTARY CHANNEL SELECTOR, the
numeric keyboardbuttons,orthe
V and A buttonsto
select memory address
MI. The frequency that was
previously stored
in M1 will appear on the display.
Page 2-1 9
,
There arenow two ways you can return to the VFO mode.
Pressingthe
CL buttonwill re-enterthe VFO mode,but the
memoryfrequencywillremainonthedisplay. Pressing the
V/M button will also re-enter the VFO mode, but the
display will return to the previous VFO frequency.
NOTES:
1. If you desire to select a different memory address
while the Transceiver is in the memory mode, just
turn the ROTARY CHANNEL SELECTOR, press
the desired numeric keyboard button, or use the
V
and A buttons.
2.
When you select amemory address that does not yet
containafrequency,the"M" onthedisplay willblink
and the VFO frequency will
be displayed.
Changing a Memory Frequency
Any time you enter a new frequency into a memory
location, the old frequency is deleted.
To change the frequency in 144 MHz band memory
address M1 from 146.61 MHz to 145.47 MHz, for
example, perform the following steps:
Press the 144 button to select the 144 MHz band,
if this has not already been done.
Press the V/M button, if the Transceiver is not al-
ready in the VFO mode (the
"M above the display
should not
be displayed).
Use the ROTARY CHANNEL SELECTOR, the
numeric keyboardbuttons, orthe
V and A buttonsto
set the VFO frequency to
145.47 MHz.