Still Spirits T500 User manual

1
INSTRUCTION
MANUAL
The T500 Reflux Distillation System is designed to
produce the purest spirit with the highest yield from
your wash. When used with the instructions in this
manual, the T500 Reflux Distillation System will
produce a beautiful clean spirit of up to 93% ABV and
extract 95% of the alcohol in your wash.
This extremely pure, neutral spirit is the perfect base
for all spirits and liqueurs but is essential for the
delicate spirits like gin, white rum and vodka.
MAKES UP TO  L  US GAL OF  ABV FROM
A  L  US GAL WASH USING  KG . LB
SUGAR AND  SACHET TURBO YEAST.
Instructions suitable for use with stainless steel and
copper reflux condensers.
REFLUX
DISTILLATION
SYSTEM

2
INTRODUCTION
The ultimate still for home distilling, the T500 Reflux Distillation System is a must
for anyone who wants to produce large quantities of extremely clean, pure alcohol.
To complete a T500 Reflux Distillation System you will need both a
T500 Reflux Condenser and a T500 Boiler.
To obtain the best performance from the T500 Reflux Distillation System and to
operate it safely, it is important to read these instructions carefully and save them
for future reference.
CONTENTS
SIGN UP TO THE STILL SPIRITS NEWSLETTER
VIA THE WEBSITE SO THAT WE CAN PROVIDE
YOU WITH INFORMATION AND UPDATES.
SAFETY P.3
STEP 1: MAKING THE WASH P.4
STEP 2: PREPARING THE T500 REFLUX DISTILLATION SYSTEM P.5-6
STEP 3: DISTILLING THE WASH P.7
STEP 4: DILUTING AND FILTERING P.8
STEP 5: FLAVOURING P.8
WATER DISTILLATION P.9
TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE P.10-11
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION AND FAQS P.12-14
GLOSSARY P.15
REFLUX
DISTILLATION
SYSTEM

3
WARNING:
This distillation system produces a highly flammable liquid.
PRECAUTION:
• Always operate the T500 Reflux Distillation System in a room with adequate ventilation.
• Do not use outdoors, as drafts aect distillation eciency.
• Never leave the T500 Reflux Distillation System unattended when operating.
• Keep the T500 Reflux Distillation System away from all sources of ignition, including smoking, sparks, heat and
open flames.
• Ensure all other equipment near the T500 Reflux Distillation System or the alcohol is earthed.
• Do not operate the T500 boiler with an extension cord.
• A fire extinguishing device suitable for alcohol should be kept nearby. This can be water fog, fine water spray, foam,
dry powder, carbon dioxide, sand or dolomite.
• Do not boil dry. In the event the unit is boiled dry, the T500 Boiler with dual element control switches (two switches)
has an automatic reset switch under the base of the boiler which will reset once the boiler has cooled down. The
T500 Boiler with a single element switch has a cut-out button under the base of the unit - when it is safe to do so,
press the reset button to reset the thermostat. In the very unlikely event this cutout fails on either boiler, a fusible link
gives added protection. This fuse will melt and cut the flow of power if the temperature exceeds a safe level.
It cannot be reset by the user and the boiler will require professional attention.
• Do not distil any liquid above 40% ABV as this could cause a vacuum and other potential safety issues.
• Do not submerge the distillate out tube as this could cause a vacuum, which may result in the boiler imploding.
IN CASE OF SPILLAGE:
• Shut o all possible sources of ignition.
• Clean up spills immediately using cloth, paper towels or other absorbent material such as soil, sand or other
inert material.
• Collect, seal, and dispose of accordingly.
• Mop area with excess water.
NOTE: Not following the safety information above could result in serious injuries and may
void your warranty.
POWER CONTROL:
T500 BOILER WITH DUAL POWER SWITCHES:
• This boiler model has adjustable power switches.
• When both switches are in the ON position the element will be supplied full power of 2200W (1600W if using a
US/CA unit).
• When one switch is set to the OFF position it will only consume 1100W (or 1100W/500W if using a US/CA unit)
of power.
• Adjusting the power can be useful in areas with warmer tap water for cooling and also for use with the Still Spirits
Alembic Pot Still.
T500 BOILER WITH A SINGLE POWER SWITCH:
• This boiler model has a single power switch.
• When the switch is in the ON position the element will be supplied full power of 2000W (1600W if using US/CA unit).
PLEASE READ ALL OF THESE INSTRUCTIONS
CAREFULLY BEFORE USING YOUR STILL
SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS

4
3 [FERMENT] (DAY 1)
• Place lid on fermenter, half fill the airlock with
water and fit airlock into the rubber grommet on
the lid.
• Leave to ferment at 18-30°C (64-86°F), or as per
the recommendation on the yeast sachet, for
about 1 week or until the wash has stopped fizzing.
Note: The fermentation process produces various
aromas which may be unpleasant sometimes. It
will dissipate and won’t affect the quality of your
alcohol.
4 [CHECK THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY (SG)]
(APPROX. DAY 6&7)
• Check the SG by floating the hydrometer in the
wash. The SG reading is the number on the scale
where the liquid cuts the glass. A fully fermented
wash will have an SG reading of approx. 0.990
or lower.
• The SG measurement will let you know when the
sugars have been converted into alcohol and your
wash is ready to be cleared.
• Fermentation is complete when SG has been
stable at 0.990 for 2 consecutive days.
5 [CLEAR YOUR WASH] (APPROX. DAY 7)
• Once fermentation is complete, stir the
wash vigorously to release all of the gas.
Once fully degassed, add Part A of the Turbo
Clear. Stir well and leave for 1 hour.
• After 1 hour, slowly pour Part B evenly over the
top of the wash while stirring gently to help spread
it evenly. Do not stir vigorously as this will disrupt
the clearing process.
• Leave for 24 hours minimum to allow the sediment
to settle at the bottom of the fermenter, leaving it
for a few extra days will allow it to clear better.
• Once cleared, your wash is ready to be distilled,
using the T500 Reflux Distillation System.
6 [STORING YOUR WASH]
• We recommend distilling a wash within one week
of clearing. The longer it is left, the more off
flavours may develop caused by autolysis of dead
yeast cells. It is likely to be fine for up to 8 weeks if
kept sealed and cool.
The first step in making a high quality spirit is to
produce a good, clean wash. It is recommended that
you always use the Still Spirits Turbo Yeast, Sugar
and Carbon range with the T500 Reflux Distillation
System for best results from your still. Regardless
of the size of your boiler, we recommend always
making up to 20-25 L (5-6 US Gal) wash at one time
using Still Spirits Production Packs or by purchasing
these products separately. If you do not distil the full
amount of wash at one time, this can be saved to be
distilled at a later date.
In this step you will need:
• Fully assembled 30 L (8 US Gal) fermenting
vessel (refer to the instructions which came with
the fermenter for assembly information).
• Cold Water Cleaner Detergent and No Rinse
Sanitiser (or an alternative cleaning and
sanitising product).
• Mixing spoon.
• Wash ingredients (water, sugar, carbon, yeast,
clearing agent).
• Hydrometer.
1 [CLEAN AND SANITISE YOUR EQUIPMENT]
(DAY 1)
• Clean and sanitise your 30 L (8 US Gal) fermenter.
• While cleaning and sanitising, check for any leaks
around the tap seal of the fermenter.
2 [ADD INGREDIENTS] (DAY 1)
• Once fermenter and equipment are sanitised,
shake off excess moisture, but do not rinse.
• Put sanitised spoon on top of the sanitised lid (lid
inner facing upwards to keep sanitised).
• Refer to the instructions on the yeast sachet for
the quantity and temperature of water, as well as
the quantity and type of sugar recommended.
• It is recommended to take a specific gravity
reading here and record it, this will allow you to be
certain fermentation has taken place and can aid
in troubleshooting later if required.
Note: If sugars are not fully dissolved, the
fermentation will be partial and you will get
less alcohol.
STEP 1
MAKING THE WASH

5
PREPARE THE T500 REFLUX
DISTILLATION SYSTEM
Your wash will be distilled through the T500 Reflux
Distillation System. It comes in two parts: the T500
Boiler and the T500 Reflux Condenser.
It is best to set up the T500 Reflux Distillation
System in a place where it can stay for
5 hours (6-7 hours for US/CA units), the approx. time
for one distillation using the 30 L (8 US Gal) boiler
(less if using a smaller boiler).
The T500 Reflux Distillation System will need to be
run on a level bench or table, in a place which has
electricity, a sink, a tap and adequate ventilation (ie
the kitchen or laundry), but not outside as drafts
affect distillation efficiency dramatically.
The T500 Reflux Condenser box comes with the
following components:
• Stainless steel distilling column prepacked with
copper and stainless steel saddles.
• Digital thermometer with LR44 battery and
mounting bracket.
• Water flow controller (and adaptors) - refer to
p.14 for more details on tap connector.
• Cooling water tubes (1 thin, 1 thick).
• Alcohol (distillate out) tube (white).
• Ceramic boil enhancers.
1 [TRANSFER YOUR CLEARED WASH INTO
THE T500 BOILER]
• Place the boiler body on a firm, level bench, with
the tap over the sink, to avoid handling the hot
boiler when emptying contents later on. Do
not point the tap to the front to avoid boiling liquid
pouring out on you or a passer by if it gets knocked.
• Using a syphon or 5 L (1 .3 US Gal) jug, transfer
the cleared wash from the fermenter into the
boiler. You can also place the boiler below the tap
on the fermenter and pour it in that way, but keep
in mind you will need to lift the full boiler back
up to the bench afterwards. Be careful to leave
as much sediment behind as possible. Do not fill
beyond the maximum level line on the 30 L
(8 US Gal) T500 Boiler.
2 [ADD CERAMIC BOIL ENHANCERS AND
DISTILLING CONDITIONER]
• Add all of the ceramic boil enhancers into
the T500 Boiler and the wash.
• Optional: Add 3 capfuls of distilling conditioner
(sold separately) to the cleared wash in the
T500 30 L (8 US Gal) Boiler if you suspect
excessive foaming.
• Place the lid back on. Do not clip on yet as you will
need to fit the column/condenser on the lid in Step 5.
Boiler
Condenser
Distilling
column
Digital
thermometer
Alcohol tube
(white)
Waste
discharge
tap
Cooling water
tube (thick)
Water outlet
block
Cooling water
tube (thin)
STEP 2

6
3. [ASSEMBLE THE T500 REFLUX CONDENSER]
Your water tubing is identified by a thick tube and a
thin tube.
• Connect the long, thick, clear tube to the water
outlet block C. This will flow into your sink.
• Connect the short thin, clear tube to make the top
loop connection E.
• Connect the thin clear tube on the water inlet B,
to your tap. This will flow from your tap (via the
adaptor) into the condenser.
• Connect the white tube on the distillate outlet D.
The distilled alcohol will flow from here to your
collecting jug. Ensure the tube will not be
submerged in distillate, otherwise the
boiler may implode. You should see the drops of
distillate falling into your collecting vessel.
4. [ADD THE THERMOMETER]
• Place the battery in the thermometer.
• A switch on the back allows you to turn the
thermometer on and off. A second switch
allows you to set the thermometer to Celsius
or Fahrenheit.
• Mount the thermometer in the mounting bracket
provided. Clip the panel onto the condenser near
the bottom.
• Fit the stainless steel sensor probe into the hole A.
• Use a wire tie to tidy up any loose wiring.
5. [BOILER]
Fit the T500 Reflux Condenser onto the T500 Boiler.
• Check the T500 Reflux Condenser is full of
saddles inside. If the column is empty, you
will need to add copper saddles first, followed by
the stainless steel saddles packed in the column,
then follow the next step.
Note: You may have a handful of saddles left,
which cannot fit in the condenser, this is normal.
• Holding the condenser upside down, unscrew the
nut at the base of the condenser; leave the black
O ring in the base of the column.
• Place the T500 Boiler lid over the column and
screw the nut back in the column. Tighten firmly,
so that the lid doesn’t spin anymore.
• Place the lid and condenser on the T500 Boiler,
in position where you can see the thermometer.
• Secure lid onto the T500 Boiler base with
the clips.
IMPORTANT: Ensure the T500 Reflux Condenser
is standing straight, or it will not operate properly
during distillation.
Water outlet temperature sensor
Cooling water inlet
Water outlet
Distillate outlet
Top loop connections
cold
water
in
warm
water
out
Distillate out
YOU ARE NOW READY FOR DISTILLATION
C
A
A
B
C
D
E
B
D
water
E

7
• Once the wash starts boiling, make sure the temperature
reading is above 50°C (122°F) (otherwise you won’t collect
any alcohol) and below 65°C (149°F). If the temperature is
below 50°C (122°F), shut down the water flow controller
valve slightly (very little will suce) to reduce the water flow.
If the temperature is above 65°C (149°F), open the valve a
little more to increase the water flow. You may find you need
to adjust the water flow several times throughout the run to
maintain the outlet water temperature within 50-65°C (122-
149°F). You can use the Still Spirits Water Flow Regulator
to help with water flow consistency. For an overview on the
importance of controlling the water outlet see p.13.
Note: If using the T500 Boiler with dual element control
switches - While there is usually no need to adjust the
power settings for use with the T500 Reflux Condenser,
in some environments with very warm tap water, it could
assist to switch the unit to 1100w mode to reduce the
chances of steam and provide better cooling.
4. [COLLECT YOUR SPIRIT]
• Once the wash starts boiling, the spirit will come out of the
white tube into your collecting jug.
• Collect and discard the first 50 -100 ml (1.7-3.4 US fl oz)
of distillate.
WARNING: Make sure the white tube is never
submerged into the distillate, otherwise the boiler may
implode. You should see the drops of distillate falling
into your collecting vessel.
IMPORTANT!
The first 50 ml (1.7 US fl oz) that comes out of the still
contains lighter molecules, such as acetaldehyde, ethyl
acetate and methyl propanol, which have a strong and
unpleasant smell, often described as ‘hospital smell’ or ‘nail
polish’. They should not be consumed.
5. [FINISH THE DISTILLATION]
Approx. 5 hours (6-7 hours for US/CA units) after the boiler
has been turned on, you should have collected approx.
3.4 - 4.5 L (0.9 - 1.2 US Gal) of 90-93% ABV spirit depending
on the yeast you used in your wash. For further information,
refer to your yeast packet or the Turbo Yeast table on our
website. You will also notice the distillate is slower to come out
(1 drop every 5 to 10 seconds), that means all the alcohol has
been distilled and the boiler can be turned o.
• Ensure the distillate out tube (white tube) is not submerged
in distillate.
• Turn o the boiler and disconnect the power outlet.
• Turn o the cooling water supply.
• The depleted wash left in the T500 Boiler will be
dangerously hot. Allow it to cool to a safe temperature
before emptying it through the tap, into the sink or onto the
garden (it makes a great fertiliser).
• Remove the T500 Reflux Condenser and Boiler lid
assembly, and rinse the boiler of all wash and debris, being
careful to retain the ceramic boil enhancers for the next
distillation run.
• Run water through the condenser to rinse the saddles
every 5 to 10 distillations.
Distilling takes about 5 hours (6-7 hours for US/CA units) from
start to finish. Please ensure you can give your full attention
to operating the T500 Reflux Distillation System for this time
period. The T500 Reflux Distillation System becomes very hot
during operation, therefore extreme care needs to be taken and
children should be kept well clear during and after distilling. The
process produces a highly flammable liquid, keep all sources of
ignition away from the still.
To run the T500 Reflux Distillation System, you will need
to have:
• 5 L (1.3 US Gal) jug or vessel to collect alcohol.
• Cooling water supply and sink.
• Water flow controller provided with your condenser.
• Measuring vessel to collect and discard the first
50 -100 ml (1.7-3.4 US fl oz).
1. [CONNECT THE CONDENSER TO WATER SUPPLY]
• If you have a Still Spirits Water Flow Regulator, connect this now.
This allows for optimum control of your water flow and prevents
any issues with changes in pressure from your water supply.
• Fit the water flow controller to your tap/faucet. Refer to ‘water
flow adaptor’ FAQs p.14 if you have any issues with fitting.
• Shut the water flow valve completely.
• Connect the long thin tube to the flow controller.
• Place the long thick tube into the sink or drain.
• Place the white distillate outlet tube into the collection jug or
vessel. Position the tube so that it cannot become submerged
under the distillate, otherwise the boiler may implode. This
is because it can cause a vapour lock and the distillate can’t
escape the unit, causing pressure to build up.
• Note that the water supply will not be required for the first part of
the boil.
2. [START THE BOIL]
• Connect the T500 Boiler to the power supply and turn the boiler
on. If using the T500 Boiler with dual element control switches,
ensure both power switches are set to on for maximum power.
• A 23 L (6 US Gal) wash will take just over 1 hour to heat to boiling
temperature.
3. [ADJUST THE WATER FLOW]
• About 35 minutes (70 mins for US/CA units) after the
30 L (8 US Gal) T500 Boiler has been turned on and before the
wash begins to boil, open the water supply.
• Gradually open the water flow controller valve to adjust the flow
rate between 400 and 700ml per minute or if using US or CA
units use 13.5 US fl oz/min. You can measure water flow by using
a measuring vessel (1 L (1 US qt) jug or kitchen cup measurer)
and timing how many ml/US fl oz flow into the measuring vessel
per minute.
US users – NOTE : If you are in the US/CA, your boiler has a
lower power due to the 110V system used. As a result, the
cooling water flow should be approx 3.5 US fl oz/minute and
look like a trickle.
DISTIL THE WASH
STEP 3

8
Once you have your diluted, filtered alcohol at
40% ABV, it is time to flavour it. Still Spirits has a
large range of flavourings you can use. Refer to the
individual instructions on each flavouring for specific
directions of use.
Another way to flavour your spirit is to perform a
botanical distillation run using a botanical basket.
Refer to page 9 for more information on how to do this.
3. [FILTER YOUR SPIRIT]
Filter your diluted spirit through activated carbon, as
per the instructions of use that come with
your filter.
NOTE: Check the strength again with the alcometer
after filtering and adjust ABV by adding more water
according to your needs.
STEP 5/DAY 8
The spirit you have produced will lie somewhere
between 90 and 93% ABV. It has to be watered
down to 50% ABV before filtering, regardless of
the type of carbon filter used. Refer to p.14 for more
information about activated carbon.
You will need:
• Alcometer (we recommend using the Still Spirits
0-100% ABV alcometer).
NOTE: It is calibrated to take measurements at
20°C (68°F). If your alcohol is warmer or cooler than
20°C (68°F) use the temperature correction tables.
• Trial jar (this is the casing that holds the Still
Spirits alcometer), or a measuring cylinder.
• Clean and drinkable water.
• Carbon filtration system ( we recommend using
the Still Spirits Filter Pro or EZ Filter for quick &
easy filtration).
WARNING: You are handling highly flammable
alcohol; keep away from all ignition sources
(spark, flame).
1. [MEASURE YOUR DISTILLATE % ABV WITH
THE ALCOMETER]
• Pour some of your distillate in the trial jar (approx.
200 ml (7 US fl oz)).
• Float the alcometer in the distillate. The % ABV is
the number on the scale where the liquid cuts the
glass. It should read between 90 and 93% ABV.
Check the temperature and adjust if needed.
2. [WATER DOWN YOUR DISTILLATE]
• Place the distillate in a container that can hold 5 L
(1.3 US Gal) at least.
• For each litre (US qt) of distillate at 90-93% ABV,
add 850 ml (28 US fl oz) of clean drinkable water
and mix thoroughly (if you have collected 3.5 L (1
US Gal) of distillate, you will need to add 2.9 L (1
US qt) of water (=3.5 x 0.85), if you have collected
700 ml (24 US fl oz) of distillate, you will need to
add 550 ml (18.6 US fl oz) of water).
• Measure your diluted spirit % ABV again, it should
read approx 50% ABV. If it is slightly higher, add a
little more water (100 ml (3 US fl oz) at a time), stir
and recheck % ABV. If it is lower, do not add more
water and proceed to filtration.
Note: Adding water will increase the temperature,
adjust accordingly.
DILUTE AND FILTER
FLAVOURING YOUR SPIRIT
serving suggestion
STEP 4

9
WATER DISTILLATION
POT DISTILLING
BOTANICAL BASKET
DISTILLATION
STEP 1 [ASSEMBLY]
• Remove all saddles from your column and rinse it thoroughly.
• Connect the short thin tube to the condenser outlet E.
• Connect the long thick tube over the short thin tube. This will
flow into your sink.
• Connect the long thin tube onto the water inlet B.
• Connect the white tube on the outlet D. The distilled water
will flow from here to your collecting vessel.
• You don’t need a thermometer for water distillation.
STEP 2 [WATER DISTILLATION]
Distilling 20 L (5 US Gal) of water will take about 8-10 hours
(10-12 hours for US/CA units) from start to finish (excluding
heating time) and will produce approximately 18 L (4.8 US Gal)
of distilled water.
You will need to have:
• Clock or timer.
• Large vessel to collect distilled water (as large as the
quantity of water initially placed in the boiler).
• Cooling water supply.
1. Place the boiler body on a firm, level, bench where the waste
can discharge into a drain or sink. Add water to your boiler,
do not fill beyond the maximum level line on the boiler.
2. Place the column and boiler lid assembly onto the boiler
base. Fasten the four clips that hold the lid onto the boiler.
Check the sealing gasket is sitting firmly onto the boiler
with no gaps.
3. Connect the power to the boiler. The water will take about
80 minutes to heat to boiling temperature.
4. Before the water begins to boil, turn on the cooling water
just enough so that the distillate doesn’t come steaming,
but rather flowing in a liquid form.
5. After you have collected 18 L (4.8 US Gal) of water, (if
distilling 20 L (5 US Gal)), turn the boiler power off and
disconnect from the power outlet. Turn off the cooling
water supply. Be careful when discarding remaining water
left in boiler as this will be hot.
The distilled water must be filtered through a filtration
system to ensure any unwanted flavours and aromas from
previous washes are removed. Refer to your filter manual
for filtering instructions.
Note: Ensure the distillate out tube is not submerged in
water, otherwise the boiler may implode. You should see
the drops of water falling into your collecting vessel.
E
B
D
1. Add the filtered alcohol into the boiler and top up
with water to at least 10 L minimum, ensuring the
liquid is 40% ABV or lower.
2. Remove all saddles from the column. Assemble
the T500 unit as per water distilling instructions
by having the cooling water directly through the
condenser, by-passing the reflux coil and water
outlet block.
3. Attach only the threaded section of the basket to the
condenser column and underside of the lid in place
of the stainless steel plug.
4. Fill the bottom piece of the botanical basket with
your desired botanicals. Orientate the pieces you
have just assembled so they are the correct way up
and screw in the basket from the bottom.
5. Turn on the unit. It could take an hour to heat to the
boil, depending on volume, so keep an eye on it and
approximately 30 minutes after switching the heat
on, turn on the cooling water. Adjust the cooling
water to a rate of 2.5 L (2.5 US qt) per min or so that
the distillate doesn’t become steaming, but rather
flowing in a liquid form. Make sure the white tube is
never submerged in distillate, otherwise the boiler
may implode. You should see the drops of distillate
falling into your collecting vessel.
6. Collect all the spirit into a 5 L (1.5 US Gal) demijohn.
Stop collecting when the spirit reaches 20% ABV.
7. Water down to 40% ABV and leave to settle
before consumption.
Note: Ensure the distillate out tube will not be
submerged, otherwise the boiler may implode.
You should see the drops of distilled water falling
into your collecting vessel.
WARNING: Make sure botanicals do not fall into
condenser column as this may cause a blockage.
If this does occur please contact customer service
before trying to extract the blockage.
If using the T500 Boiler with Adjustable Power
Control switches with the Alembic Dome and
Condenser or other pot still attachments, you can
reduce the boil power once you get close to the boil
by switching the boiler from 2200W for (or 1600W
for US/CA units) down to 1100W (or 1100/500W for
US/CA units).
This enables a gentler boil ideal for pot distilling
flavoursome spirits.
For more information refer to the instructions for the
Alembic Dome and Condenser on our website.

10
WHAT IS THE PROBLEM? WHY IS IT HAPPENING? HOW TO FIX IT?
Alcohol distillate
flows irregularly.
• Wash is surge boiling caused by hot spot on
base of integrated boiler.
• Distillate outlet pipe is higher than outlet
creating an airlock or is submerged in
distillate causing alternating pressure
and vacuum.
• Add ceramic boil enhancers. In extreme
cases try adding 1–2 stainless steel
pot scrubbers.
• Make sure the outlet pipe allows the
water to flow downwards from the
condenser outlet.
Trim outlet pipe so that it cannot be below
the level of the collected distillate.
No alcohol is coming out. • This may be due to the cooling water being
too cold or its flow rate too high.
• This may be due to an incorrect position of
the tubes.
• There may be a blockage at the end of your
alcohol outlet tubing.
• Ensure the cooling water outlet
temperature is between 50-65°C
(122-149°F) during distillation.
• Check the tubes are in the correct position
(refer to Step 2 and 3).
• Remove the plug at the end of your alcohol
outlet tubing.
The spirit is coming out
cloudy/milky.
• Wash is foaming while boiling and carrying
fermentation residues up the column.
• Unfermented sugar in your wash can cause
foaming which eventually made its way up
into the condenser causing the temperature
fluctuations and producing undesirable,
cloudy spirit.
• Always ensure your wash is
completely fermented (refer to Step 1
on fermentation).
• Only fill wash to MAX line on inside
of boiler if using the 30 L (8 US Gal) boiler.
• Add 3 capfuls of Still Spirits Distilling
Conditioner to the wash. This stops
excessive foaming in the boiler.
• Add ceramic boil enhancers in your boiler
• Re-distil the bad spirit.
Spirit has a strong unpleasant
smell, described as ‘paint
thinner’, ‘hospital’, ‘burnt’,
‘nail polish’.
• Distillate coming out of the T500
is at approx 93% ABV and has a strong
ethanol smell.
• The first 50 -100 ml (1.7-3.4 US fl oz) of
distillate has a stronger smell (nail polish type),
because it contains most acetaldehydes and
esters. This should be discarded.
• The rest of the distillate smells like ethanol.
• Water down and filter your distillate
with activated carbon. It will trap most
unwanted flavours, leaving you a clean
spirit (refer to activated carbon in
the glossary).
Spirit has a blue tint. • This is caused by unbalanced or excessive
nutrients added in the fermentation vessel.
Nutrients are essential for the yeast to
ferment sugars; they are precisely dosed
and included in every Still Spirits Turbo
Yeast sachet.
• Use only 1 sachet of Still Spirits Turbo
Yeast per 25 L (6.6 US Gal) of wash.
• Follow recommended recipes for each
type of Turbo Yeast.
The yield is low. • The wash has not fermented out
properly so the amount of alcohol available
is reduced. This could be due
to several factors:
• The sugars were not fully dissolved.
• The fermentation temperature is too low or
too high.
• Steam and vapour pressure is leaking from
lid seal.
• Check the fermentation is finished (refer
to FAQs about fermentation).
• Check lid gasket is sitting evenly inside lid
before clipping onto the base.
TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE

11
WHAT IS THE PROBLEM? WHY IS IT HAPPENING? HOW TO FIX IT?
Spirit purity is low. • The column temperature has been too hot.
This can cause the spirit to flow at a higher
but less concentrated rate.
• Check that the water out temperature is no
more than 65°C (149°F).
The boiler has
stopped heating.
• This is likely due to an electrical fault or
the boiler overheating. The boiler has an
automatic thermostat cut-out switch which
will automatically engage when overheated.
The boiler has a protective fuse in case the
thermostat cut out doesn’t operate.
• T500 Boiler with Dual Power Switches:
Unplug the boiler and let it cool down
(the boiler can be restarted once cooled
down). The unit will reset automatically
once the boiler has cooled down, however,
if it still doesn’t heat up, it will need to be
checked by an electrician.
• T500 Boiler with Single Power Switch:
Press the reset button under the base of
the boiler to reset the thermostat. If the
boiler still doesn’t heat up, it will need to be
checked by an electrician.
My spirit is turning cloudy
when I add a spirit flavouring
or when I add water.
• This may be due to a poor carbon
filtration, or to the mineral salts contained
in some carbons.
• This may be due to flavouring compounds
or caramel colour that is unstable in
alcohol/water.
• Use a carbon filter system (such as the Still
Spirits Filter Pro or EZ Filter systems) for
polishing your final spirit.
If the spirit is hazy, add more alcohol in
your drink (50% ABV). If the spirit has
suspended particles, leave it to sit for a few
days and decant it o into another bottle
once sediment has settled.
Fluctuating temperatures
while distilling.
• This may be caused by inconsistent water
flow/pressure or others using water outlets/
taps in the house.
• It may be caused by frothing of the wash up
the column.
• Adjust water flow by opening/closing
the water flow controller valve. Use the
Still Spirits Water Flow Regulator if you
have one.
Alcohol is leaking from the top
of the condenser.
• This may be due to saddles blocking
the alcohol steam path and building
some pressure.
• There may be a blockage at the end of your
alcohol outlet tubing.
• Turn o your boiler, let it cool down.
Remove all saddles from the column and
place them back in (copper saddles first,
followed by stainless steel saddles).
• Remove plug at the end of your alcohol
outlet tubing.
Alcohol is leaking from behind
black plastic brackets.
• Potential sealing issue, or pressure
blockage in column.
• Turn o your boiler, let it cool down.
Remove all saddles from the column
and place them back in (copper saddles
first, followed by ceramic saddles). If this
doesn’t solve the problem, contact
your retailer.
The condenser leaks when I
clean it.
• The still is vented at the top, so it will leak
water when you are cleaning it.
• Normal, no need to fix.
TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE

12
The saddles in the column provide a large surface
area to maximise the contact between the liquid and
vapour flows in the column, which accelerate the
refluxing action.
The T500 Reflux Condenser has been carefully
engineered to provide a continuously compensating
reflux rate. As the distillation process progresses,
the alcohol concentration in the wash reduces. To
maintain high purity of alcohol being produced, the
refluxing ratio will increase to compensate and the
alcohol production will slow. This slowing is most
noticeable after two hours of alcohol production.
Towards the end of the distillation the alcohol purity
remains high, but output will slow until it stops
altogether. At this point the water vapour will keep
rising and condensing part way up the column, but
nothing will reach the top of the column to pass into
the condenser. The alcohol extraction is finished at
that point.
HOW MUCH ALCOHOL WILL I GET?
With a 6 kg (13 lb) sugar, Turbo Classic Yeast wash,
you will get approx 3.2-3.6 L (0.8-1.0 US Gal) of 93%
ABV alcohol, that’s the equivalent of 7-8 L (1.8-2 US
Gal) of 40% ABV spirit.
HOW DOES DISTILLATION IN THE T500 REFLUX
DISTILLATION SYSTEM WORK?
The wash is heated in the boiler to boiling point and kept
at boiling point throughout the distillation process. The
vapour boiled o from the wash rises up the column,
in which the vapours of the heavier liquids (water and
heavier undesirable molecules) condense and fall
back down. The alcohol vapour, being lighter than
water vapour, is rising up to the top of the column and
condenses back in the condenser into a liquid alcohol.
This cycle of evaporation, rising and condensing, is
continuous and is described as refluxing.
water flow
alcohol vapour
alcohol liquid
refluxing
water
out
water
in
distillate out
WHAT IS THE BLACK STUFF I ADD IN MY WASH?
It’s activated carbon, designed to absorb unwanted
flavours produced during fermentation (see question:
Is it normal that my wash smells funny?). It comes in
dierent formats: powder, granules or liquid.
The carbon will turn the liquid black and won’t
dissolve. It will not harm the fermentation process.
The carbon is removed when the wash is cleared.
I’VE ADDED MY YEAST IN A WASH AT 40°C (104°F),
WILL IT STILL WORK?
Yes, yeast can be safely added in a wash between
20-40°C (68-104°F) maximum. Above 40°C (104°F),
yeast will die very promptly if the wash is not cooled
down quickly. This can be done by resting the
fermenter in a basin or bath of cold water.
HOW LONG IS THE FERMENTATION?
A wash usually takes between 4 and 10 days to
ferment depending on the yeast used
and temperature.
IS IT NORMAL THAT MY WASH SMELLS FUNNY?
During fermentation, yeasts produce alcohol, CO2,
as well as hundreds of by-products, which have
dierent smells, some pleasant (like pear, apple,
banana), others less pleasant (like rotten egg). This
will not taint your distilled spirit and will disappear
after distillation. Carbon filtration will further remove
those unwanted smells.
HOW DO I KNOW WHEN THE FERMENTATION
IS FINISHED?
A few ways:
1. Measure your SG with a hydrometer: start
of fermentation reads around 1.100 and end of
fermentation reads about 0.990. When your SG has
read 0.990 for two consecutive days, fermentation
is complete.
2. Look for fizziness, bubbles rising to the surface:
while it’s fermenting there are lots of bubbles coming
to the surface and at the end of fermentation there
are almost none.
3. Look for the haze in the wash: at the beginning
of fermentation, the wash will be very murky and
hazy, towards the end, it will start to become more
‘transparent’.
WHAT’S IN THE CLEARING AGENT AND HOW DOES
IT WORK?
The Still Spirits Turbo Clear is made of silica (Part A)
which charges floating particles and chitosan (Part
B) attracts all particles (with its opposite charges) to
eventually make them all settle on the bottom of
the fermenter.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION AND FAQS

13
WHAT’S IN THE DISTILLATE?
The distillate obtained with the T500 Reflux Distillation
System is usually composed of 93% alcohol and 6.9%
water. The 0.1% left is a mixture of dierent compounds,
called congeners, responsible for good
and bad flavours.
Most of this 0.1% comes out in the first 300 ml
(10 US fl oz) of the distillate; this is called the ‘heads’
and contains acetaldehydes and ethyl acetate. It has
a distinctive smell: ‘fruity’, ‘nail polish’. Up to 500 ml (17
US fl oz) can be taken out if you are looking to make
an outstanding clean, pure spirit, like vodka. However,
taking the first 50 -100 ml (1.7-3.4 US fl oz) out is
sucient for most applications.
The core of the distillate (500 ml (17 US fl oz) to the
end) is very pure.
CAN THE T500 REFLUX CONDENSER BE USED AS A
POT STILL?
We recommend using the Still Spirits Alembic
Condenser and Dome Top sold separately, for better
results. This consists of a copper dome and alembic
condenser that fit onto your existing T500 Boiler.
CAN I DISTIL TWO BATCHES IN A ROW?
The wash left inside the boiler after your first distillation
is boiling hot. If you wish to run it again then carefully
remove the very hot lid and add 5 L (1.3 US Gal) of
cold water to the spent wash to cool quickly before
emptying.
CAN I GET A HIGHER ABV BY DOUBLE DISTILLING?
Double distilling will achieve very little with the T500
Reflux Still as it will not increase the ABV much.
If using the T500 Reflux distillation system, the
distillate will be already approx. 90-93% ABV, which
is near the maximum ABV a home still can achieve.
Double or triple distilling is used with pot stills to try to
emulate the result of a reflux still.
Note that the highest alcohol percentage possible
is 95.6% ABV.
IS THERE ANY METHANOL PRODUCED?
The T500 Reflux Distillation System produces a highly
pure spirit with 0.001% methanol on average, which
is well below the maximum legal limits for methanol in
spirits for commercial sale.
HOW HOT DOES THE BOILER GET?
The liquid inside the boiler will get as hot as its boiling
point, ie 100°C (212˚F) for water, 78.2°C (173˚F) for
alcohol. As the wash contains a mix of water and
alcohol the temperature the wash boils at rises as
the alcohol is driven o. You need to boil the wash to
convert the alcohol to steam so you can extract the
alcohol from the wash.
WHAT IS THE MINIMUM VOLUME REQUIRED IN
THE 30 L (8 US GAL) BOILER?
10 L (2.6 US Gal) is the minimum volume possible.
Although optimum performance is attained when the
T500 Reflux Distillation System is full.
WHY DO I NEED TO USE CERAMIC BOIL ENHANCERS?
The reusable ceramic boil enhancers should be added
in the boiler before distilling to avoid surge boiling.
Stainless steel saddles do the same.
WHAT IS DISTILLING CONDITIONER?
Distilling Conditioner is an anti-foaming product, made
of silicones and is suitable for human consumption.
This reduces the chance of foaming in the boiler and
promotes optimum distillation conditions.
The wash can froth when boiling (this may be due to
the presence of residual sugar not entirely fermented,
or a wash not cleared). Froth can enter the column and
disrupt the reflux action, reduce alcohol quality and
disrupt temperature control. To help prevent foaming
we recommend adding 3 capfuls of Still Spirits Distilling
Conditioner to the 30 L (8 US Gal) boiler.
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO CONTROL THE WATER
OUTLET TEMPERATURE?
Controlling the water outlet temperature is the key user
control of the T500 Reflux Distillation System process.
The development work on the T500 Reflux Condenser
showed an ideal water outlet range of 55-65°C
(131-150°F). This can be reduced as low as 50°C
(122°F), which will slow the alcohol production rate.
The outlet temperature can be increased to as high as
65°C (150°F), which will make the alcohol flow faster,
but at slightly lower strength and purity.
As a general rule, running the still between 60-65°C
(140-150°F) will produce alcohol faster but at a slightly
lower strength and quality, while running the still
between 55-60°C (131-140°F) will provide you with
optimum quality but it will take a bit longer.
The higher the flow rate, the cooler the condenser and
the slower the distillate will flow.
The lower the flow rate, the hotter the condenser and
the faster the distillate will flow.

14
GLOSSARY
BIO FUEL
Bio fuel can be made using the same process as distilling
spirits with the T500 Reflux Distillation System.
I CAN’T FIT THE WATER FLOW CONTROLLER TO MY TAP,
WHAT CAN I DO?
The water flow controller provided in the T500 Reflux
Distillation System comes with the thread adaptor M22
x M24 male. Remove the diuser on your tap and fit the
appropriate fitting. Your T500 Reflux Condenser also
comes with a 20 mm BSP adaptor to fit your laundry or
garden tap, along with a male hole connector.
HOW DO I KNOW WHEN THE DISTILLATION IS FINISHED?
You will also notice the distillate is slower coming out (one
drop every 5 to 10 seconds), that means all the alcohol
has been distilled and the boiler can be turned o.
WHAT IS THE T500 REFLUX CONDENSER FILLED WITH?
The T500 Reflux Condenser column is packed with
copper and stainless steel saddles.
Copper saddles play a catalyst role with your distillate
by reacting with sulphur compounds and eliminating
them from your distillate. Sulphur compounds are
molecules produced by yeasts during fermentation.
They are responsible for off flavours, such as ‘rotten
egg’, ‘cooked cabbage’ or ‘garlic’.
HOW OFTEN AND HOW SHOULD I CLEAN THE T500
REFLUX CONDENSER?
We recommend washing the saddles every 5 to 10
distillations, by rinsing the column with water. For a
thorough clean (every 20 distillations or so), rinse your
column with a citric acid mix, (2 tsp citric acid to 1 L
(1 US qt) water) then flush with water 2 or 3 times to
get rid of the acid. Alternatively, you can unpack your
column and soak your saddles in citric acid mix before
rinsing them and placing them back into the column
again. Note that the copper saddles should be placed
in the column first, followed by the ceramic or stainless
steel saddles.
HOW MUCH DOES IT COST TO RUN THE STILL?
The still uses 2 KW/hour (NZ/AU/UK), and 1.6 KW/
hour (US). You can multiply this by the power rate
paid, by the time the T500 is operating (5-8 hours
for a 20 L (5 US Gal) wash).
Add to this the cost of cooling water, based on the
flow rate used and the cost of raw materials required
to produce the wash. NZ/AU/UK uses on average
100-125 L (26-33 US Gal) per distillation. USA uses
on average 20-25 L (5.3-6.6 US Gal) per distillation.
HOW CAN I RECYCLE MY COOLING WATER?
You can run your cooling water in closed circuit,
provided you have sufficient amount of water and
ice packs and a pump that provides enough flow.
We suggest using a 200 L (53 US Gal) container
(rubbish bin for example), filled with water, and add
6 x 2 L (2 US qt) bottles filled with water and frozen a
few days ahead.
Your cooling water can also be kept in big containers
and reused later for the garden.
ACTIVATED CARBON
Activated carbon is prepared in a manner which
causes the carbon crystals to become porous and
develop a very large surface area. One gram of
activated carbon may have 500–1,500 m2 (5,382-
16,146 ft2) of internal surface area. This large
surface area and the many internal pores in the
carbon are able to adsorb many different chemical
compounds including those which cause unwanted
flavours in your spirit. The adsorption process is
very complex and depends on concentrations,
molecular weight etc.
It can be added directly in your wash, or used for
filtering the distillate. In the case of alcoholic spirit
the process works best if the alcohol concentration
is 50% ABV or less. This is why we recommend
adjusting the alcohol level before purification.
Activated carbon must be soaked or rinsed with
clean water just before using to get rid of mineral
salts and dust.
ALCOHOL (OR ETHANOL)
Most commonly used to describe ethanol, the type
of alcohol in wine, beer, spirits and other alcoholic
beverages. It is a chemical with the formula
C2H5OH.
ALCOHOL PURITY
Alcohol purity describes the strength of the
alcohol produced by distillation; it is measured in
percentage of alcohol by volume, or % ABV. The
T500 Reflux Distillation System delivers 90 to 93%
ABV alcohol, when following the recipes and set up
described in this booklet.
KITCHEN
TAP
M22
M24 20 mm
BSP
Note: make sure all seals are in place
LAUNDRY
TAP
GARDEN
TAP
M22
M22

15
ALCOHOL YIELD
Alcohol yield describes the effectiveness of alcohol
extraction from the wash. The higher the yield the
less alcohol is left behind in the boiler. With care
and attention to wash clearing and the distillation
process, you can expect to recover 95% or more of
the alcohol fermented in the wash.
The purity and yield of the alcohol will vary
depending on factors such as;
• The type of sugar you ferment
• The choice of yeast used
• How well the wash is cleared
• What distillation system is used
ALCOMETER & HYDROMETER
An Alcometer is one type of hydrometer.
Hydrometers are used to measure the relative
density of a liquid. The lighter the liquid the further
down the hydrometer floats.
The hydrometer is used to monitor wash
fermentation, it tells how much sugar has been
transformed into alcohol (alcohol is lighter than a
sugar solution).
Alcometers are used to measure the percentage
of alcohol in your spirit. Alcohol is thinner than
water so the higher in strength the alcohol is, the
further down the hydrometer sinks. Additives such
as flavouring and liquid glucose will distort the
alcometer readings.
Take good care of your hydrometer as it is very fragile.
Hydrometers are usually calibrated at a temperature
of 20°C (68°F).
Do not immerse your hydrometer in liquids warmer
than 40°C (104°F) or it will melt the wax inside and
damage your hydrometer irreversibly.
CONGENERS
The name given to all compounds in the distillate,
other than water and alcohol.
DISTILLATE
The concentrated liquid that condenses from a
distillation process.
DISTILLATION
Method of separating two or more substances by
heating the mixture to a temperature that is higher
than the boiling point of one component and lower
than the boiling point of the other component.
The vapour of the lower boiling point component
is captured and allowed to condense and is more
concentrated compared to the original mixture.
FERMENTATION
Conversion of carbohydrates (sugars) into alcohol
and carbon dioxide by yeast.
FORESHOTS
The more harmful components of the heads and
is typically the first 50 -100 mL of distillate from a
standard wash.
HEADS
The name given to the first portion of distillate
collected. They are composed of the lower boiling
point congeners which have a distinctive ‘fruity’ or
‘nail polish’ smell.
HEARTS
The middle portion of the distillate run, and typically
the most neutral (for reflux stills) and cleanest part of
the run.
TAILS
The name given to the last portion of distillate
collected. They are composed of congeners,
responsible for burnt ‘off’ flavours. on page 15
METHANOL
An alcohol naturally produced during fermentation
at very low level (0.0005%). Its chemical formula is
CH3OH.
Effects of methanol ingestion at high levels (0.5%
and over), may include confusion, nausea, vomiting,
visual problems and abdominal pain which if left
untreated can result in stupor, coma and in the most
severe cases death.
Problems occur across a broad range of
countries, most prominent with common illegal
trade where methanol has been added or the
alcohol has been produced from unsuitable
carbohydrate raw material.
The T500 Reflux Distillation System produces a
highly pure spirit with 0.001% methanol on average,
which is well below the maximum legal limits for
methanol into spirits. It is worth noting that ethanol
is used to dislodge methanol in the case of methanol
poisoning as human cells will dislodge methanol in
preference to ethanol.
SPIRIT
An alcohol beverage containing at least 20% ABV
and with no added sugar.
WASH
Fermented liquid containing alcohol which has been
produced by yeast fermenting sugars.
YEASTS
Yeasts are microorganisms that convert sugar to
produce alcohol and CO2along with hundreds of
trace by-products.

16
Version: 11
www.stillspirits.com
LEGAL ALCOHOL DISTILLATION
In New Zealand, it is legal to distil your
own spirits and liqueurs for personal
consumption. However please note that in
certain countries alcohol distillation may be
illegal and you may require a licence. Ask
for advice or contact your local Customs &
Excise Department.
In Australia, it is illegal to use this unit to
produce alcohol for consumption without a
licence from the Australian Taxation Oce.
In the US and Canada, it is illegal to use
this unit to produce alcohol for
consumption without a licence from the
relevant authorities.
In the UK, it is illegal to manufacture spirits
without a distiller’s licence which is required
under the provisions.
ALCOHOL FOR BIO FUEL
Bio fuel can be made using the same process as
distilling spirits with the T500 Reflux Distillation
System. On 30 June 2007 the UK Government made
it legal for people to produce up to 2,500 L (660 US
Gal) annually without the need to pay duty or to hold a
permit. Always check with car manufacturers as to the
level you can add. The US authorities have recently
allowed distillation for fuel alcohol and you can get a
permit from the Federal Government.
WARRANTY
The T500 is warranted against faults in material or workmanship under normal use and maintenance during the warranty period (36
months) from the date of purchase. To make a warranty claim, please contact the store where the product was purchased in the first
instance. Proof of purchase will be required before you can make a claim under this warranty. This warranty does not cover the following
situations (which is not exhaustive).
• Accident.
• Misuse or abuse, including failure to properly maintain or service.
• Normal wear and tear.
• Power surges, electrical storm damage or incorrect power supply.
• Incomplete or improper installation.
• Incorrect, improper or inappropriate operation and cleaning.
• Insect or vermin infestation.
• Exposure to excessive water or outside weather conditions.
• Modifications not undertaken or commissioned by a Bevie approved third party.
• Any other operation outside the uses stated in the instruction manual.