VERDER Carbolite Gero AAF 12/32 Manual

Installation, Operation and Maintenance Instructions
1200°C Ashing Furnace - AAF Model: 32 Litres
No Controller
AAF 12/32 + No Controller
MEN-AAF1232-005_NOCTRL (26-07-2022)

Contents
This manual is for guidance on the use of the Carbolite Gero product specified on the
front cover. This manual should be read thoroughly before unpacking and using the
furnace or oven. The model details and serial number are shown on the back of this
manual. Use the product for the purpose for which it is intended.
1.0 Symbols and Warnings 4
1.1 Switches and Lights 4
1.2 General Warnings 4
1.3 Prerequisites to Use 5
2.0 Installation 6
2.1 Unpacking and Handling 6
2.2 Siting and Setting Up 6
2.3 Chimney 7
2.4 Electrical Connections 8
3.0 Temperature Controller 10
4.0 Operation 11
4.1 Operating Cycle 11
4.2 General Operating Notes 11
4.3 Use of Probes and Metal Sheathed Thermocouples 12
4.4 Atmospheres 12
4.5 Operator Safety 12
4.6 Thermal Catalytic Oxidiser Option 13
4.7 Power Adjustment 14
5.0 Maintenance 15
5.1 General Maintenance 15
5.2 Maintenance Schedule 15
5.3 Thermal Catalytic Oxidiser Maintenance 17
5.4 Maintenance Checks 17
5.5 Catalyst Failure 18
5.6 Catalyst Limitations 18
5.6.1 Cleaning 19
5.7 Safety Switch 19
5.8 Calibration 19
5.9 After-Sales Service 20
5.10 Recommended Spare Parts and Spare Parts Kit 20
6.0 Repairs and Replacements 21
6.1 Safety Warning - Disconnection from Power Supply 21
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6.2 Safety Warning - Refractory Fibre Insulation 21
6.3 Temperature Controller Replacement 21
6.4 Solid-State Relay Replacement 22
6.5 Thermocouple Replacement 22
6.6 Door Plug Replacement 23
6.7 Fuse Replacement 23
7.0 Fault Analysis 25
A. Furnace Does Not Heat Up 25
B. Product Overheats 26
8.0 Wiring Diagrams 27
8.1 WA-11-30 27
8.2 WA-11-31 28
8.3 WA-33-30 29
8.4 WA-33-31 30
8.5 WA-43-30 31
8.6 WA-43-31 32
9.0 Fuses and Power Settings 33
9.1 Fuses 33
9.2 Power Settings 33
10.0 Specifications 34
10.1 Environment 34
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1.0 Symbols and Warnings
1.1 Switches and Lights
Instrument switch: when the instrument switch is operated the
temperature control circuit is energised.
Heat light: the adjacent light glows or flashes to indicate that
power is being supplied to the elements.
1.2 General Warnings
DANGER – Electric shock. Read any warning printed next to this
symbol.
WARNING: Risk of fatal injury.
DANGER – Hot surface. Read any warning printed next to this
symbol.
WARNING: All surfaces of a product may be hot.
DANGER – Read any warning printed next to this symbol.
Caution – Double Pole/Neutral Fusing
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1.3 Prerequisites to Use
Prior to the commissioning and use of this product, all personnel involved in its
installation, operation and maintenance must be deemed competent and have:
lRead and understood the information contained within this manual
lReceived the relevant training with regard to safety and operation of the product
lBeen provided with the appropriate PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) required
for the safe operation of this product
Note: The customer is responsible for ensuring that all of the above conditions are
satisfied before the product is commissioned for use.
Note: Unless otherwise specified, the customer is responsible for the
installation of this product and the safe connection of any additional
equipment and gas or liquid supply lines.
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2.0 Installation
2.1 Unpacking and Handling
When unpacking and handling the product, always lift it by its base. Do not use the
door or any other projecting cover or component to support the equipment when
moving it. Use two or more people to carry the product where possible.
Carefully remove any packing material from inside and around the product before use.
Avoid damaging the surrounding insulation when removing packing materials.
NOTE: This product contains Refractory Ceramic Fibre (also known
as Alumino Silicate Wool - ASW). For precautions and advice on
handling this material see section 6.2.
2.2 Siting and Setting Up
Place the product on a level surface in a well ventilated area.
Site away from other sources of heat and on a non-flammable surface that is resistant
to accidental spillage or hot materials.
The surface on which the equipment is mounted should be stable and not subject to
movement or vibrations.
The height of the mounting surface is important to avoid operator strain when loading
and unloading samples.
Unless otherwise stated elsewhere in this manual, ensure that there is at least 150
mm of free space around the back and sides of the product. Clear space is required
above the product to dissipate heat.
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Depending on the application of the product, it may be appropriate to position it under
an extraction hood. Ensure the extraction hood is switched on during use.
Ensure that the product is placed in such a way that it can be quickly switched off or
disconnected from the electrical supply.
Under no circumstances should any objects be placed on top of the
product. Always ensure that any vents on the top of the product are clear
of any obstruction. Always ensure all cooling vents and cooling fans (if
fitted) are clear of any obstruction.
2.3 Chimney
The chimney is a length of tubing. If it is supplied unfitted, then fit it through the hole
in the top of the case.
If the product is to be used to heat substances that emit fumes, a fume extraction duct
of approximately 75 mm - 150 mm inlet diameter may be placed directly above the
chimney outlet.
Do not make a sealed connection to the product chimney as this causes excessive
airflow through the chamber and results in poor temperature uniformity.
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Key
A Duct (75mm-150mm diameter)
B Ambient air is drawn into duct
C Chimney
D 25mm vertical gap between chimney and duct
2.4 Electrical Connections
Connection by a qualified electrician is recommended.
This product requires a single-phase A.C. supply with earth (ground), which may be
Live to Neutral non-reversible (polarised), Live to Neutral reversible (non-polarised), or
Live to Live.
Check the product rating label before connection. The supply voltage should agree with
the voltage on the label and the supply capacity should be sufficient for the current on
the label.
The supply should be fused at the next size equal to, or higher than the current on the
label. This manual contains a table of the most common fuse ratings.
When the mains cable is factory fitted, internal fuses are also fitted. It is essential that
the operator ensures that the product is correctly fused.
Products with a factory fitted supply cable are designed to be wired directly to an
isolator or fitted with a line plug.
Products without a factory fitted supply cable require a permanent connection to a
fused and isolated supply. The product's electrical access panel should be temporarily
removed, and connections made to the internal terminals.
When connecting the product to the power supply, the plug or isolating switch should
be accessible, easy to remove, and within reach of the operator.
The supply MUST incorporate an earth (ground).
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Supply Terminal Label Cable Colour
Supply Types
Live - Neutral Reversible or Live-
Live
1-phase L1 Brown to live
to either power
conductor
(For USA 200-240V,
connect L1)
N / L2 Blue to neutral
to the other power
conductor
(For USA 200-240V,
connect L2)
PE Green/ Yellow to earth
(ground) to earth (ground)
Electrical Connection Details:
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3.0 Temperature Controller
If this product is fitted with a temperature controller, instructions are provided
separately.
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4.0 Operation
4.1 Operating Cycle
This product is fitted with an instrument switch which cuts off power to the control
circuit.
Connect the product to the electrical supply.
Turn on the instrument switch to activate the temperature controllers. The controllers
illuminate and go through a short test cycle.
Over-Temperature option only. If the digital over-temperature option has not yet
been set as required, set and activate it according to the over-temperature controller
instructions.
The product will heat up according to the controller setpoint or program, unless a time
switch is fitted and switched off.
As the product heats up, the heat light glows steadily at first and then flashes as the
product approaches the desired temperature. For more information on temperature
control see the controller instructions.
Over-Temperature option only. If the over-temperature circuit has tripped, an
indicator on the over-temperature controller flashes and the heating elements are
isolated. Find and correct the cause before resetting the over-temperature controller
according to the instructions supplied.
To turn the product off, set the instrument switch to its off position. The controller
display will go blank. If the product is to be left unattended, isolate it from the
electrical supply.
4.2 General Operating Notes
Heating element life is shortened by overheating. Do not leave the
product at high temperature when it is not required. The maximum
temperature is shown on the product rating label and in section 10.0
towards the back of this manual.
When heating large objects, in particular poor conductors, avoid shielding the
thermocouple from the heating elements. The thermocouple is intended to sense the
temperature near the heating elements. However, if a large object is placed in the
chamber it may record the average temperature of the object and the elements, this
can lead to overheating of the elements. Allow large objects to gain heat at a lower
temperature and then reset the controller to a temperature close to the desired
maximum, or heat using a slowly controlled ramp rate. For more information refer to
the controller instructions.
When heating materials that produce smoke or fumes, the chimney must be correctly
fitted and unobstructed. If not, soot will accumulate in the chamber and could possibly
cause an electrical breakdown of the heating element. If the furnace is used to heat
materials that emit smoke or fumes, regularly heat it up to maximum temperature for
one hour with the chamber empty to burn away the soot.
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Materials such as case hardening compounds and other reactive salts may penetrate
the furnace chamber lining and attack the wire elements, causing premature failure.
Use of a hearth tile may be advisable: please consult the Carbolite Gero technical
department.
4.3 Use of Probes and Metal Sheathed Thermocouples
Any metal object used to probe into the product chamber while the
product is connected to the electrical supply must be earthed. This
applies in particular to metal sheathed thermocouples, where the
sheaths must be earthed. The refractory material of the chamber
lining becomes partly conductive at high temperatures and the
electric potential inside the chamber can be at any value between
zero and the supply voltage. Unearthed probes can cause serious
electric shock.
4.4 Atmospheres
When an optional gas inlet is fitted, there is a label near the inlet saying "INERT GAS
ONLY". In practice, inert or oxidising gases may be used, but not combustible or toxic
gases.
The chamber is not gas tight, the gas usage may be high and the chamber is always
likely to contain some air. Residual oxygen of approximately 1% to 2% is to be
expected.
4.5 Operator Safety
This product incorporates a safety switch which interrupts the heating
element circuit when the furnace is opened. This prevents the
operator touching a live heating element and also prevents the
product from heating up if the furnace is left open. The operation of
this switch should be checked periodically.
Depending on use, the surfaces in the working chamber and the
chamber load may still be very hot after the appliance is switched off.
Touching these surfaces may cause burns. Use suitable personal
protective equipment or wait until the appliance cools down to
ambient temperature.
Before removing a hot object from the product, make sure there is a safe place to put it
down. If necessary use tongs, face masks and heat resistant gloves. Heat resistant
clothing and face protection can guard against the effects of radiated heat when the
furnace is open.
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When the product is opened during operation there is considerable radiated heat. Do
not keep any flammable objects near the product, nor objects which could be damaged
by radiated heat.
4.6 Thermal Catalytic Oxidiser Option
Catalytic oxidation allows the purification of exhaust air from volatile organic
components at low temperature without an open flame. By the use of a suitable
catalyst, complete oxidation of the volatiles takes place at temperatures between
250°C and 400°C. Due to the low reaction temperature, catalytic oxidisers require very
little energy. Compared to other exhaust gas purification systems, the catalytic oxidiser
has a very small footprint.
lThe catalyst system has its own power cord and should be powered from a ded-
icated source, separate from the furnace supply. The catalyst system has a power
rating of 2.5kW, and requires a 220-240 volt power supply.
lAlways power up the catalyst before heating up the furnace.
lCool the furnace down below 250°C before turning off the catalyst power supply.
lThe catalyst fan has the effect of lowering the pressure in the furnace chamber and
assisting fume extraction from the furnace.
Note: To avoid damage to the catalyst system, the catalyst fan must always be
running whenever the furnace is hot.
The larger model (32 litre) furnace catalyst has a fan speed control; this should be set
at maximum speed initially. During the ashing process the catalyst fan speed may be
reduced if required, but not beyond the point where smoke escapes from the furnace
door area. It is recommended not to lower the speed below 50%.
Avoid overloading the catalyst system with volatiles. Particulate matter will not be
catalysed, so if carbon particles are visible in the exhaust stream, slow the furnace
heat up rate and/or reduce the load in the furnace. The furnace should not be loaded
when hot, as the rapid evolution of volatiles may be too great for the system to cope
with.
If the catalytic effect fails and smoke is constantly exhausted, this may be the result of
a poisoned catalyst, failed catalyst heating element or failed exhaust fan.
These items are available as spare parts from Carbolite Gero.
Note: The addition of the catalytic afterburner option increases the external
dimensions of the furnace. Please refer to the Specifications section of this manual
for amended dimensions.
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4.7 Power Adjustment
The product control system incorporates electronic power limiting. Depending on the
model and the destination country the power limit maybe set to 100% or a lower
figure. Where appropriate the power limit parameter OP.Hi is accessible to the
operator, but it should not generally be altered.
See section 9.0 for details of the power limit settings. DO NOT adjust the power to a
level higher than the design level states; this may cause a fuse to blow and could
damage the heating elements.
The power limit may be set to a lower limit if the product is to be used at a low
temperature only: this may give better control stability. It may be set to zero to permit
demonstration of the controls without the heating elements taking power; to resume
heating reset it to its standard value.
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5.0 Maintenance
5.1 General Maintenance
Preventive rather than reactive maintenance is recommended. The type and frequency
depends on the product use; the following are recommended.
5.2 Maintenance Schedule
CUSTOMER
QUALIFIED PERSONNEL
DANGER! ELECTRIC SHOCK. Risk of fatal injury. Only electrically
qualified personnel should attempt these maintenance procedures.
Maintenance
Procedure Method
Frequency
Daily Weekly Monthly Bi-
Annually Annually
Safety
Safety Switch Function
Set a safe temperature above ambient,
and open the door to see if the heater
light goes out
Safety Switch Function Electrical measurement
Over-Temperature
Safety Circuit
(if fitted)
Set an over-temperature setpoint lower
than the displayed temperature and
check for an over-temperature alarm as
detailed in this manual
Over-Temperature
Safety Circuit
(if fitted) Electrical measurement
Door Plug Visual inspection, checking the seal and
whether it is free of damage
Door Plug Replacement where necessary
Chimney / Extraction Check and clean if necessary
Electrical Safety
(external) Visual check of external cables and plugs
Electrical Safety
(internal)
Physically check all connections and
cleaning of the power plate area
Function
Temperature Cal-
ibration
Tested using certified equipment, fre-
quency dependent on the standard
required
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Operational Check Check that all functions are working nor-
mally
Operational Check Thorough inspection and report incor-
porating a test of all functions
Performance
Element Circuit Electrical measurement
Power Consumption Measure the current drawn on each
phase / circuit
Hearth Visual check for fit and damage
Cooling Fans (if fitted) Check whether the cooling fans are work-
ing
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5.3 Thermal Catalytic Oxidiser Maintenance
Note: The customer is responsible for ensuring that the thermal catalytic oxidiser is
both operated and maintained according to the instructions contained within this
manual. Failure to adhere to these instructions may result in damage to the
equipment and/or injury to the operator.
5.4 Maintenance Checks
The thermal catalytic oxidiser must be checked regularly to ensure that it is in correct
working order. It is recommended that these checks are carried out before each use,
and the operator keeps a record of each maintenance inspection.
Recommended Checks:
lPerform a visual check to ensure all equipment is clear and free of obvious
damage.
lCheck that the air inlet is free of obstructions.
lCheck that the catalyst honeycomb is unobstructed and free of particulate matter.
lCheck that the fan beneath the catalyst is clean, free of obstruction, and can spin
freely.
lCheck that the heating elements inside the catalytic oxidiser are operational.
Note: For further specialist advice, please contact the manufacturer of the thermal
catalytic oxidiser.
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5.5 Catalyst Failure
If a catalyst is damaged or ceases to function, there is the risk that pollutant emissions
and particulates will be released into the surrounding environment. Inactive catalysers
may also accumulate hydrocarbons which may spontaneously combust.
The catalyst may have failed if:
lThere is a notable increase in unpleasant smells emitted from the catalyser.
lParticulate matter is emitted.
If the catalyst fails, stop operation and replace the catalyst.
Note: DONOT operate the furnace until the catalyst is replaced and the unit is
recommissioned!
Note: In the event of repeated failures, please review your heat treatment process
to ensure that it is not poisoning or overloading the catalyst.
5.6 Catalyst Limitations
In certain concentrations, the following substances are capable of poisoning the
catalyst. If your samples are known to contain any of these compounds, ensure that
any exhaust fumes do not contain levels of these substances above the stated
concentration limit. Exceeding these substance limit values will reduce the performance
of the catalyst and can lead to catalyst failure.
Exhaust Gas Substance Concentration Limit (mg/Nm3)
Arsenic (As), and As compounds 0.01
Phosphorous Pentoxide (P2O5) and organic
Phosphorus compounds 0.01
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)0.01
Lead (Pb) and Zinc (Zn) 0.1
Mercury (Hg) and Cadmium (Cd) 0.1
Hydrofluoric acid and fluoride compounds 1
Alkaline earth metal compounds 1
Alkaline metals 5
Hydrochloric acid and chlorides 100
Organic Silicon (Si) compounds and siloxanes 1
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5.6.1 Cleaning
Soot deposits may form inside the furnace, depending on the process. At appropriate
intervals remove these by heating as indicated in the General Operation Notes.
The product's outer surface may be cleaned with a damp cloth. Do
not allow water to enter the interior of the case or chamber. Do not
clean with organic solvents.
5.7 Safety Switch
When correctly functioning, the safety switch will isolate all live conductors (live and
neutral connections) within the heating element circuit(s) when the product door is
opened. The safety switch should be checked regularly to ensure that this occurs.
The safety switch should not fail under normal working conditions, however rough
handling, exposure to corrosive materials/ environments, or exceptionally frequent
use, could compromise the safety system.
Weekly check:
The following check can be carried out by a general operator:
lOn the temperature controller, set a safe temperature above ambient. The heater
lights should illuminate.
lOpen the door and check the heater lights. They should no longer be illuminated.
If the heater lights remain illuminated when the door is open, discontinue use and
contact Carbolite Gero Service.
Annual check:
The following checks should be carried out by a qualified electrician, as specified in the
"Maintenance Schedule" section of this manual:
lRemove the element access panel and take a voltage measurement from the heat-
ing element terminals. Do not attempt to take a reading from the heating element
itself as surface oxidation will give an unreliable contact.
lEnsure that power to the heating elements is switched off when the door is opened.
Contact Carbolite Gero Service and discontinue use of the product if it is found that the
heating elements are not fully isolated during these checks.
5.8 Calibration
After prolonged use, the controller and/or thermocouple may require recalibration. This
is important for processes that require accurate temperature readings or for those that
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use the product close to its maximum temperature. A quick check using an independent
thermocouple and temperature indicator should be made from time to time to
determine whether full calibration is required. Carbolite Gero can supply these items.
Depending on the controller fitted, the controller instructions may contain calibration
instructions.
5.9 After-Sales Service
Carbolite Gero Service has a team of Service Engineers who can offer repair, calibration
and preventive maintenance of furnace and oven products both at the Carbolite Gero
factory and at customers’ premises throughout the world. A telephone call or email
often enables a fault to be diagnosed and the necessary parts to be despatched.
In all correspondence please quote the serial number and model type given on the
rating label of the product. The serial number and model type are also given on the
back of this manual when supplied with the product.
Carbolite Gero Service and Carbolite Gero contact information can be found on the
back page of this manual.
5.10 Recommended Spare Parts and Spare Parts Kit
Carbolite Gero can supply individual spare parts or a kit of the items most likely to be
required. Ordering a kit in advance can save time in the event of a breakdown.
Each kit consists of one thermocouple, one sheath, one solid state relay, one door
insulation piece and a set of elements.
When ordering spare parts please quote the model details and serial number as
requested above.
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