Vermona PERfourMer MKII User manual

Owners Manual

Introduction
In achoir, a string- or brass section, every voice has its own character, its
sonic individuality, its proprietary modulation and its specific decay. Is this
not possible for apolyphonic synthesizer? It is with the PerFourMer MKII!
Each of its four voices are totally independent. No matter whether you play
four single solo voices, afourfold unison stack or with fourfold polyphony,
the PerFourMer MKII will always generate all its voices on a complete indi-
vidual basis. During development of the MKII-version, we focused to make
this synthesizer as easy to operate and ergonomic as possible. The large
housing and new designed knobs guarantee immediate access to each
parameter of every synthesizer voice. PerFourMer MKII is an analogue syn-
thesizer with exceptional sonic possibilities for use on stage and in studios.
And we are sure; its design will assure you having a lot of fun with it.
The VERMONA-team
Erlbach /Vogtland, Germany
Important Safety Information
1. Read these instructions.
2. Keep these instructions. Alway include these instructions when passing
the product on to third parties.
3. Heed all warnings.
4. Follow all instructions.
5. Do not use this apparatus near water.
6. Only clean the product when it is not connected to the mains power
supply. Clean only with a dry cloth.
7. Do not block any ventilation openings. Install in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions.
8. Do not install near any heat sources such as radiators, heat registers,
stoves, or other apparatus (including amplifiers) that produce heat.
9. Do not defeat the safety purpose of the polarized or grounding-type
plug. A polarized plug has two blades and a third grounding prong.
The wide blade or the third prong are provided for your safety. If the
provided plug does not fit into your outlet, consult an electrician for
replacement of the obsolete outlet.
Owner's Manual VERMONA PERfourMER MKII
- 2-

10. Protect the power cord from being walked on or pinched, particularly
at plugs, convenience receptacles, and the point where they exit from
the apparatus.
11. Only use attachments/accessories specified by the manufacturer.
12. Use only with the cart, stand, tripod, bracket, or table specified by the
manufacturer, or sold with the apparatus. When a cart is used, use
caution when moving the cart/apparatus combination to avoid injury
from tip-over.
13. Unplug this apparatus during lightning storms or when unused for
long periods of time.
14. Refer all servicing to qualified service personnel.Servicing is required
when the apparatus has been damaged in any way, such as power sup-
ply cord or plug is damaged, liquid has been spilled or objects have
fallen into the apparatus, when the apparatus has been exposed to rain
or moisture, does not operate normally, or has been dropped.
15. To completely disconnect this apparatus from the AC mains,
disconnect the power supply cord plug from the AC receptacle.
16. WARNING: To reduce the risk of fire or electric shock, do not expose
this apparatus to rain or moisture.
17. Do not expose this equipment to dripping or splashing and ensure that
no objects filled with liquids, such as vases, are placed on the equip-
ment.
18. The mains plug of the power supply cord shall remain readily accessi-
ble.
Installation
• Ensure that the room in which you use this product is wired in accordance
with the local electrical code and checked by a qualified inspector.
• Only use this product indoors.
• Do not install the product in hot, humid, or excessively dusty locations, in
direct sunlight or in locations where it is exposed to externally generated
vibrations.
• Do not place burning objects (e.g. candles) on top of or near the product.
• If condensation has formed on the product, e.g. because it was moved
from a cold environment to a warm one, allow the product to acclimatize
to room temperature before using it.
• Do not overload wall outlets and extension cables as this may result in
fire and electric shock.
Owner's Manual VERMONA PERfourMER MKII
- 3-

Table of Contents
1 Introduction 2..................................................................................................................
2 Important Safety Information 2...............................................................................
3 Table of Contents 4......................................................................................................
4 Getting Started 6............................................................................................................
4.1. Connections and Powering 6................................................................
5 Components and Controls 6.....................................................................................
5.1. Oscillator Section 7..............................................................................
5.1.1. Extended Oscillator Functions 9........................................................
5.1.1.1 Oscillator synchronization 9............................................................
5.1.1.2 Frequency modulation of oscillators 10...........................................
5.2. Filter Section (VCF) 12..........................................................................
5.3. Amplifier Section (VCA) 14...................................................................
5.4. Modulation Generator (LFO) 16.............................................................
5.4.1. Extended LFO Settings 17..................................................................
5.4.1.1 Selecting between saw tooth and square waveforms 17...................
5.4.1.2 LFO SYNC 17...................................................................................
5.4.1.3 LFO > MIDI-clock-synchronization 18.............................................
5.4.1.4 Internal MIDI-CLOCK 19..................................................................
5.5. Envelope Generator (ADSR) 20..............................................................
5.5.1. Legato 21..........................................................................................
5.6. Connections of the Synthesizer Channels 21........................................
5.7. Additional Control Elements 22............................................................
5.7.1. Connections 23.................................................................................
6 Programming Section 25............................................................................................
6.1. Combining Multiple Synthesizer Channels 25.......................................
6.2. PLAYMODE 25......................................................................................
6.2.1. MONO 1 (M1) 25...............................................................................
6.2.2. MONO 2 (M2) 26...............................................................................
6.2.3. POLY 1 (P1) 27..................................................................................
6.2.4. POLY 2 (P2) 27..................................................................................
Owner's Manual VERMONA PERfourMER MKII
- 4-

6.2.5. DUO 1 (D1) 27...................................................................................
6.2.6. DUO 2 (D2) 28...................................................................................
6.3. Edit-Mode 29.......................................................................................
6.4. RESET 30..............................................................................................
7 Declaration of Conformity 31...................................................................................
Owner's Manual VERMONA PERfourMER MKII
- 5-

Getting Started
To ensure top quality we carefully inspected the PerFourMer MKII before
packaging. Nevertheless, the unit could have been damaged during trans-
portation. Therefore, we ask you to take a serious look at the instrument
when unpacking. Do not hesitate to contact us, should there be anything
unusual with the PerFourMer MKII itself or its packaging.
You should find the following items in the box:
•1 PerFourMer MKII unit
•1 power chord
• 1 set of rack brackets + mounting material
• this manual
Connections and Powering
If you came here without any problems, you can finally start up the Per-
FourMer MKII:
1. Connect the provided power chord to the PerFourMer MKII and apower
outlet.
2. Connect the stereo outputs, located on the rear, to appropriate audio
inputs of a mixing console, an audio-interface or an amplifier.
3. Connect the PerFourMer MKII's MIDI input to the MIDI output of akey-
board, ahardware-sequencer or a MIDI-interface, connected to your
DAW.
4. Press the POWER button to switch the PerFourMer MKII on. The blue
status LED above the MASTER TUNE control will now be lit blue.
5. Congratulations, the PerFourMer MKII has now been started.
Components and Controls
On one hand, the PerFourMer MKII is afour-voice polyphonic analogue syn-
thesizer with a classic voice structure. On the other hand, it o!ers four
independent synthesizer channels. These can either be used individually or
combined and played in some unique ways. The four synthesizer channels
are all independent synthesizers with a classic structure of VCO-VCF-VCA.
Tiny di!erences appear only when combining these synthesizers. We will
now take your through the di!erent sections and the corresponding control
elements.
Owner's Manual VERMONA PERfourMER MKII
- 6-

Oscillator Section
Oscillators form the base of every synthesized sound. They o!er di!erent
waveform shapes to create various audio spectra. Each PerFourMer MKII
voice o!ers a voltage controlled analogue oscillator (VCO), four VCOs in
total. Every VCO generates sine, triangle, square and saw tooth waveforms
with octave positions 32’, 16’, 8’ and 4’. Alternatively, white noise or an
external audio input can be selected for each synthesizer channel.
The following controls are available:
Picture 1: The oscillator section
WAVE
selects the waveform shape for the VCO. Available are: sine (), triangle
(), square (), saw tooth ( ) or noise (). With EXT selected, the
oscillator signal is replaced by the audio signal fed into the EXT IN/VCO
OUT input (see "Connections of the Synthesizer Channels", page 21).
NOTE The pulse width of the square waveform does not
have a dedicated control. However, it can be varied
using the modulation wheel (MIDI CC #1). This func-
tion can be enabled/disabled using EDIT PARAMETER
2: MODULATION WHEEL (PWM). (see "Edit-Mode",
page 29).
Owner's Manual VERMONA PERfourMER MKII
- 7-

OCTAVE
sets this oscillator's base octave to 32', 16', 8' or 4'.
In setting "HI" and "LO" the oscillator doesn't respond to incoming pitch
information. The oscillator constantly oscillates with a fixed frequency.
GLIDE
sets the duration of the glide-e!ect. This defines the time period for the
pitch to travel from one note to the next played note. This function is
also referred to as portamento or slide. It is well suited for solo work.
With GLIDE set to zero, there will be no pitch-transitional-e!ect.
The glide-e!ect can also work automatically. This AUTO-function can be
enabled/disabled using EDIT PARAMETER 5. With AUTO GLIDE enabled,
the glide-e!ect will only be active with notes played legato, meaning a
second note is played while the first note is still held. When not playing
legato, the glide-e!ect will be inactive with AUTO GLIDE activated. To
activate the PerFourMer MKII's legato-function see chapter "Envelope
Generator" (See page 20).
EG INT
This control sets the modulation amount of the envelope generator
towards the oscillator's pitch. Modulation can be applied positive or
negative. In its center-position, modulation is turned o!.This control
o!ers a center-catch.
TUNE
this control tunes the oscillator continuously within a range of approx.
±7 semitones.
LFO INT
sets the modulation intensity for the LFO targeting the pitch or the pulse
width of the oscillator. In its center position, the modulation is turned
o!.This control o!ers no center catch to allow for sensitively adjusted
vibrato-e!ects.
Turning LFO INT clockwise from center position will introduce pitch
modulation of the oscillator. With a sine wave selected for the LFO, this
results in aclassic vibrato while using the Sample &Hold waveform (S/H)
will create random melodies and, at high speeds, e!ect-sounds.
Turning LFO INT counterclockwise from center position introduces pulse
width modulation of the oscillator's square waveform. This function is
Owner's Manual VERMONA PERfourMER MKII
- 8-

dysfunctional with any other selected waveform. Using asine waveform
to modulate the pulse width results in a sound-thickening-e!ect,
comparable toaslight detuning. With higher modulation intensities (70
%and higher), the oscillator will temporarily be muted depending on the
LFO speed. Here, there pulse width is so narrow and the sound therefore
partially inaudible. Use the LFO's square and Sample &Hold waveforms
to take advantage oft this e!ect and create interesting rhythmical sound
breakups.
NOTE The oscillator's pulse width can also be adjusted
using the modulation wheel (See page 7).
Extended Oscillator Functions
Oscillator synchronization
The PerFourMer MKII oscillators in synthesizer channels 2, 3and 4can be
synchronized to their prior located counterparts. Here, the master oscillator
will force its frequency upon its coupled partner. Whenever the master
oscillator's waveform reaches a zero-pass-through, it will force the coupled
oscillator to a pass-through, too. With two oscillators running at the same
frequency, this function will eliminate all pulsing and lead to identical
phases.
With the coupled oscillator's frequency set higher than the master oscillator,
oscillator synchronization will lead to the generation of additional harmon-
ics. Especially, a modulation of the coupled oscillator by an envelope gener-
ator or LFO will result in complex harmonic structures.
To activate oscillator synchronization, set the SYNC switch to the left into
VCO position.
For example, set switch to VCO. Here, synthesizer channel 1
will act as master and synchronize synthesizer channel 2. The same is true
for VCO 2toVCO 3and VCO 3toVCO 4. It is of course possible to activate
multiple sync switches at the same time. The dependencies will remain as
described. However, modulation of multiple VCOs will lead to unforeseeable
results and interesting e!ect sounds.
Owner's Manual VERMONA PERfourMER MKII
- 9-

NOTE To achieve aclassical sync-sound, set the coupled
oscillator at least two octaves higher than the master
oscillator or make sure, it heavily modulated by an
envelope generator. It is also recommended to use a
square waveform for the master-oscillator. However,
other settings will also lead to good results.
Frequency modulation of oscillators
The PerFourMer MKII o!ers frequency modulation for the oscillators in syn-
thesizer channels 2, 3and 4. In each case, the modulation takes place
through the prior located synthesizer channel. This means, oscillator 2's
pitch is modulated by synthesizer channel in dependence of the played
pitch. In other terms, oscillator 1 would be regarded as "modulator" and
oscillator 2 as "carrier". This modulation chain can be continued all the way
to oscillator 4. In opposite to the oscillator synchronization, the full synthe-
sizer channel acts as modulator, including its settings for the filter, VCA and
envelope.
Use the FM-controls of synthesizer channels 2-4 to set the intensity for the
frequency modulation. Set to center, modulation will be turned o!.Turning
the control to the left (towards VCO), will increase modulation intensity.
Turning the control clockwise (towards VCF) results in cuto!frequency
modulation (See page 13).
NOTE Clean FM-sounds are achieved using sine waveforms
for carrier and modulator. In case, afrequency
modulation of the oscillator does not deliver the
desired result, you may try modulating the filter in a
resonating state and with 100% key tracking. In most
cases, this results in well playable sounds (See page
13)
Owner's Manual VERMONA PERfourMER MKII
- 10 -

NOTE The PerFourMer MKII's FM-function is static in prin-
ciple. To create dynamically developing FM-sounds,
comparable to the famous DX-series synthesizers,
make use of the envelope generator of the modula-
ting synthesizer channel (modulator). For example,
by applying ashort decay to the VCA with sustain set
to zero, the carrier-modulation takes only place for
the defined decay-time, specified for the modulator.
The result is an e!ect comparable to a modulation-
depth-parameter being modulated by an envelope.
This way, you will achieve basses and lead sounds
with pronounced, percussive attack-phases.
Owner's Manual VERMONA PERfourMER MKII
- 11 -

Filter Section (VCF)
The filter shapes the oscillator's output signals, either one of the available
waveforms, the noise generator's output or an external audio signal. Certain
frequencies will be suppressed, resulting in subtle to significant sound
changes. Dynamic control of the filter will create progressive sound changes
over time.
Each of the PerFourMer MKII's synthesizer channels o!ers a voltage-con-
trolled resonance-capable low-pass-filter with a slope of 24dB per octave.
This proven e!ective filter-type has already been used in legendary synthe-
sizer-models developed by Bob Moog. A low-pass-filter allows frequencies
of an audio signal to pass below a certain frequency (cuto!frequency) and
suppresses all frequencies above.
The filter section has the following control elements:
Picture 2: The filter section
CUTOFF
This control sets the filter's cuto!frequency. This is the frequency from
which the audio signal is manipulated (filtered). Frequencies above the
cuto!will be attenuated with the filter’s slope. Setting the cuto!lower
will result in a more mu"ed sound as more harmonics are suppressed.
Beside manual control of the cuto!frequency, this parameter can also
be modulated and controlled by MIDI aftertouch or acorresponding MIDI
control command. This function can be enabled/disabled using EDIT
PARAMETER 3: AFTERTOUCH CUTOFF (VCF).
Owner's Manual VERMONA PERfourMER MKII
- 12 -

RESONANCE
Resonance is afeedback circuit within the filter that emphasizes the cut-
o!frequency. Higher values can color the sound significantly, which is
regularly used for resonant bass sounds in Acid-House and Techno.
With values higher than 3 o' clock, the filter will start to self-oscillate,
generating a sine wave with the cuto!frequency. This sound can even
be played chromatically over arange of approx. three octaves, depend-
ing on the TRACK switch's position. Here, it makes sense to disable any
envelope modulation when playing the self-oscillating filter.
EG INT
This control sets the intensity of positive or negative modulation
towards the cuto!frequency carried out by the ADSR envelope genera-
tor. In its center-position, cuto!-modulation is turned o!.This control
o!ers a center-catch.
LFO INT
specifies the intensity of cuto!-modulation by the LFO.
TRACK
The tracking switch sets the filter-tracking by the keyboard between 0%
(o!), 50% (half) and 100% (on). With active tracking, the cuto!frequency
increases with higher notes. This makes it possible to play deeply fil-
tered sounds avoiding too gentle or thin results at higher octaves. Set-
ting tracking to 100% will allow playing a self-oscillating filter chromati-
cally within a certain range.
Filter-FM
The cuto!-frequencies of filter 2,3 and 4can be modulated by the prior
located synthesizer channel. Use the FM-controls 1 ( ), 2
(), 3( )of synthesizer channels 2-4 to set the inten-
sity for the frequency modulation. Set to center, modulation will be
turned of. Turning the control to the right will increase the modulation
intensity.
Owner's Manual VERMONA PERfourMER MKII
- 13 -

Amplifier Section (VCA)
A voltage controlled amplifier (VCA) controls each synthesizer channel's
output. This allows manual control over the output volume as well as
dynamic volume progressions. Available modulation sources are the enve-
lope generator and afixed gate-envelope, the latter o!ering minimal
attack- and release-phases to avoid unwanted clicks caused by disadvanta-
geous phase cuts during sound reproduction.
Every synthesizer channel has the following control elements:
Picture 3: The VCA section
MODE
This switch sets the modulation source for the VCA, respectively sets the
VCA to be opened permanently.
EG the ADSR envelope-generator modulates the VCA.
GATE ( )a fixed organ-like envelope modulates the VCA.
ON the VCA is permanently on, no modulation.
The modulation intensity of the envelope generator can be controlled by
MIDI-velocity. This function can be enabled/disabled using EDIT PARA-
METER 4: VELOCITY, available for each synthesizer channel. To enable/
disable this function, carry out the following steps:
1. Press the EDIT-button.
2. Select parameter 4: VELOCIY using the SELECT/SEQ control.
3. Press TRIG to enable/disable velocity control for one or several syn-
thesizer channels. The corresponding red LED above each TRIG-
button will display the respective velocity-status.
4. Exit edit-mode by pressing the EDIT-button.
Owner's Manual VERMONA PERfourMER MKII
- 14 -

PAN
The PAN control places the synthesizer channel's sound within the
stereo image. At its center position, the PerFourMer MKII's left and right
outputs are fed with the same level. This control o!ers a center catch.
Turning the control to the left shifts the level towards the left output
until the synthesizer channel will only be audible from the left output.
The same applies to the right output when turning the control clockwise.
NOTE The PAN control has no influence upon the individual
outputs (OUT/INSERT) of the synthesizer channels.
VOLUME
This control sets the output level for the corresponding synthesizer
channel. It controls the level for the individual outputs (OUT/INSERT) and
main outputs at the same time.
Owner's Manual VERMONA PERfourMER MKII
- 15 -

Modulation Generator (LFO)
The LFOs (Low Frequency Oscillators) allow creating cyclic repeating modu-
lations of the oscillators and filter. The PerFourMer MKII's LFOs o!er a
choice of functions that might not be seen at first glance: Its LFOs can be
synchronized to each other and/or to a MIDI-clock. Also, they can be
shifted against each other in phase.
The available control elements and parameters per LFO are:
Picture 4: The LFO
WAVE
This switch selects the LFO waveform. Choices are Sample &Hold (ran-
dom), sine ( ) descending saw tooth and rectangle ( ).
SPEED/PHASE
This control carries out two resp. three di!erent functions. Depending
on the SYNC-switch position and/or the parameter setting for LFO MIDI
CLOCK it controls
• the LFO's speed (frequency)
• the waveform's phase (not for synthesizer channel 1) or
• the MIDI-clock division
In unsynchronized mode, SPEED/PHASE controls the LFOs' speed/fre-
quency within a range of 0.05Hz (approx. 20 seconds for afull cycle) to
250Hz.
Find details about LFO SYNC and LFO MIDI CLOCK SYNC in the next
chapter.
Owner's Manual VERMONA PERfourMER MKII
- 16 -

Extended LFO Settings
Selecting between saw tooth and square waveforms
EDIT-Parameter 7 allows changing of the LFO's first waveform. Edit function
LFO WAVE 1: SQUARE can select between square or descending saw tooth.
This selection is available for each synthesizer channel.
The default setting as well as the reset default (see "RESET", page 30)for the
first LFO-waveform is saw tooth. To switch to a square waveform, follow
these steps:
1. Press the EDIT-button.
2. Select parameter 7: LFO WAVE 1: SQUARE using the SELECT/SEQ
control.
3. Press TRIG to enable the square waveform for one or several synthe-
sizer channels. The corresponding red LED above each TRIG-button
will display the selected square waveforms. If the LED is not lit, the saw
tooth is selected. Changes are audible immediately.
4. Exit edit-mode by pressing the EDIT-button.
LFO SYNC
The LFOs of synthesizer channels 2,3 and 4can be synchronized in fre-
quency to the prior module. To do so, switch SYNC for that synthesizer
channel to the right LFO setting.
In this case, SPEED/PHASE will no longer control the LFO's speed but its
waveform phase between 0° and 180°. Set fully to the left (0°), the synthe-
sizer channel's LFO will run in phase with the prior located synthesizer
channel's LFO. Set fully to the right (180°), both LFOs are out of phase and
shifted by ahalf-cycle. Waveforms can still be selected independently for
each synthesizer channel.
NOTE What sounds cumbersome in theory, is easy to
understand in practice. Simply try the sync-function.
You will come across interesting complex rhythmic
modulation patters very quickly.
With LFOs being synchronized by another LFO and the MIDI-clock, the LFO
sync has priority. Here, SPEED/PHASE controls the waveform's phase, not
the MIDI-clock divider.
Owner's Manual VERMONA PERfourMER MKII
- 17 -

LFO > MIDI-clock-synchronization
All of the PerFourMer MKII's LFOs can be beat-synced to a MIDI-clock. MIDI-
clock-synchronization can be enabled/disabled for each synthesizer
channel independently using EDIT-parameter 8: LFO MIDI CLOCK SYNC.
To do so, follow these steps:
1. Press the EDIT-button.
2. Select parameter 8: LFO MIDI CLOCK SYNC using the SELECT/SEQ
control.
3. Press TRIG to enable synchronization for one or several synthesizer
channels. The corresponding red LED above each TRIG-button will dis-
play the synchronization status. If the LED is lit, MIDI-sync is active.
4. Exit edit-mode by pressing the EDIT-button.
NOTE With MIDI-clock-synchronization being activated for
at least asingle synthesizer channel, the green LED
above the MIDI CH-button will start blinking to indi-
cate clock-reception.
With MIDI-clock-synchronization being activated, SPEED/PHASE will control
the division of the incoming clock-signal, i.e. it sets the LFO's speed within
a grid, referenced to the MIDI-clock.
The outer labeling of the SPEED/PHASE control, indicates the eight available
clock-divisions. The divisions equal the following note values (left to right):
• whole note
• 1/2 note
• 1/4 note
• 1/4 triplet
• 1/8 note
• 1/8 triplet
• 1/16 note
• 1/32 note
Owner's Manual VERMONA PERfourMER MKII
- 18 -

NOTE Changes from one scaling factor to another will take
place after a waveform cycle has been completed. Do
not worry about apossible delay after switching at
slower tempos - this is intended.
Internal MIDI-CLOCK
The PerFourMer MKII can also generate an internal clock to synchronize the
LFOs. Its tempo can be adjusted using a TAP function.
To use the internal clock as LFO clock-reference, follow these steps:
1. Press the EDIT-button.
2. Select parameter 9: INTERNAL MIDI CLOCK using the SELECT/SEQ
control.
3. Press TRIG to enable the internal clock-synchronization. The corre-
sponding red LEDs above the TRIG-buttons will display the synchro-
nization status. This is aglobal parameter, valid for all synthesizer
channels.
4. Exit edit-mode by pressing the EDIT-button.
To change the tempo for the internal clock signal, follow these steps:
1. Press the EDIT-button.
2. Select parameter 10: MIDI CLOCK TEMPO using the SELECT/SEQ
control.
3. Press any of the four TRIG buttons to TAP the tempo. The TRIG LEDs
will be blinking with the current tempo. The new defined tempo will be
set after four taps.
4. Exit edit-mode by pressing the EDIT-button.
Owner's Manual VERMONA PERfourMER MKII
- 19 -

Envelope Generator (ADSR)
The envelope generator (EG) generates a control voltage that can modulate
the VCO and VCF as well as the VCA. The envelope generator is restarted by
each incoming MIDI-note. (Exception: With LEGATO enabled, overlapping
notes will not retrigger the envelope generator.)
The envelope contour is separated into four sections:
Picture 5: The Envelope Generator
ATTACK
adjusts the rising time from zero to maximum level. ATTACK starts
when a MIDI note-on-command is received (or when using the TRIG
button).
DECAY
adjusts the time from maximum level toaspecific SUSTAIN level, while
the MIDI note is still active. In case the MIDI-note is shorter than the
decay-time, this phase will be aborted.
SUSTAIN
sets the envelope’s SUSTAIN level to follow attack and decay phases,
while the MIDI note is still active. With SUSTAIN set to maximum, DECAY
has no audible influence on the sound.
RELEASE
sets the time to zero level after a MIDI note-o!message has been
received.
Owner's Manual VERMONA PERfourMER MKII
- 20 -