XZERES Wind Skystream 3.7 User manual

SKYSTREAM 3.7
Owner ’s Manual
(NORTH AMERICA and EUROPE) Edition
3-CMLT-1054 Rev O
Installation
Operation
Maintenance
(North America)
(Europe)
© 2013 XZERES Corp
All Rights Reserved

Skystream Owner’s Manual 3-CMLT-1054 Rev O XCO 1191 Pg. 2
XZERES Wind
Congratulations on your purchase and welcome to our family!
Dear Skystream 3.7®Owner,
Thank you for your purchase of Skystream. You have just selected the most technologically advanced,
cost-effective renewable energy appliance available for a home or small business. We congratulate you
on your choice and are confident you will experience years of dependable service.
Before going any further, please complete and return the enclosed Warranty Registration Card. The
conditions of your warranty are dependent upon the proper installation of Skystream.
Furthermore, this will assure you of being kept up-to-date with the latest developments from XZERES
Wind. These include new options, performance tips, and updated software to maximize output and user
notices. It is important to know that we do not sell or distribute your information to any third party. We
understand your privacy is important.
If you have any questions or comments, we would like to hear from you. Please call during working
hours (Monday-Friday 8:00 am to 5:00 pm - Pacific Time Zone).
Our phone number is 503-388-7350 or Toll Free: 1-877-404-9438.
For technical support, contact [e-mail]
Again, welcome to our family and thank you for investing in the future of wind energy with Skystream.
Sincerely,
XZERES Wind
The CE marking is a mandatory compliance requirement in EMEA and the UK and although it is self-
certified, testing and evidence to support the testing is preferred from an independent test house. All
XZERES Wind turbines are third party tested and fulfill all the relevant provisions of the following
directives:
Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC, Low Voltage Directive 2006/95/EC, Electromagnetic Compatibility
Directive 2004/108/EC. The report and the declaration of conformity are available for inspection on
request.
The serial number stated on the inside front cover of this owner’s manual refers to a specific XZERES
Wind product. This product is considered compliant to CE.

Skystream Owner’s Manual 3-CMLT-1054 Rev O XCO 1191 Pg. 3
In this Manual
IMPORTANT:
Please take note
TIP: Helpful information to ease
the installation
Professional installation
highly recommended
Warning: Risk of injury or death
- proceed with extreme caution
Important Safety Instructions
Read these instructions in their entirety before installing or operating.
Professional Installation: XZERES
Wind strongly recommends Skystream be installed by trained professionals.
1) SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS. This manual contains important instructions for Skystream that
must be followed during installation and maintenance of the Wind Turbine generating system.
2) Read, understand and respect all warnings.
3) Turn Skystream “OFF” if “growling” or unusual noise or operation is observed. Contact XZERES
Wind Technical service.
4) Install Skystream on a calm day - no wind at ground level.
5) Install Skystream in accordance with National Electric Code (NEC) and local building codes.
6) Always obtain a building permit before construction.
7) A minimum of 2 adults are required to safely lift or move Skystream.
Use proper equipment such as hydraulic hoists to lift Skystream.
8) Always wear appropriate protective personal
equipment such as closed toe work shoes, hard hat,
work gloves, and safety glasses when working on or
installing Skystream.
9) Turn Skystream “OFF” if ice accumulates on blades
to avoid possible injury resulting from ice flying off
blades.
10) This wind generator complies with international
safety standards, and therefore the design or its
installation must never be compromised.
a. Do not open the inverter cover; doing so without
factory authorization will void the warranty.
b. Apply the proper torque to all fasteners.
c. Torque field wire connections to Skystream to
2.0 N·m.
Refer to the table for torque specifications.
The Tightening torque, allowable wire size, and type, for the Field- Wiring Terminals
Circuit
Tightening torque
(in./lbs)
Wire size
(AWG/kCmil/MCM)
Wire type
Wire Temperature
rating
Output
18-19 inch pounds
(2.0 N·m)
6-14 AWG
Copper Conductors
Only
75C
AC equipment
ground (Neutral)
18-19 inch pounds
(2.0 N·m)
6-14 AWG
Copper Conductors
Only
75C
Refer to Electrical Connections section of this manual (Section 2.1.2).
d. Install only on a Professional Engineer (PE) certified tower.
e. Do not paint the blades.

Skystream Owner’s Manual 3-CMLT-1054 Rev O XCO 1191 Pg. 4
11) Use only proper grounding techniques as established by the NEC.
12) Properly complete the warranty registration card; failure to complete and return the card may
affect your warranty.
13) Skystream must be installed in accordance with this manual and local and national building
codes. Failure to comply with the manual and local codes will affect and possibly void your
warranty.
14) Skystream uses high voltage and is potentially dangerous. Be sure to use all safety precautions at
all times.
Radio (RF) Interference (USA)
Skystream 3.7 has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a class B digital device, pursuant
to Part 15 of the FCC Rules (US Federal Communications Commission). These limits are designed to
provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. Skystream
generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance
with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no
guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If Skystream does cause harmful
interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the Skystream on and
off, you are encouraged to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
•Reorient or relocate the Skyview Interface Module or Remote Display.
•Increase the separation between Skystream and Skyview Interface Module or Remote Display.
Radio (RF) Interference (EU)
Complies to European Standards EN 61000-6-3 (2007), EN 61000-6-2 (2005),
EN 61000-3-2 (1995), EN 61000-3-3 (2000).

Skystream Owner’s Manual 3-CMLT-1054 Rev O XCO 1191 Pg. 5
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Important Safety Instructions ................................................................................................................3
Radio Interference................................................................................................................................4
Skystream 3.7®Specifications..............................................................................................................6
European Grid Standards.....................................................................................................................8
PRIOR TO INSTALLATION .................................................................................................................9
Intended Use........................................................................................................................................9
Unintended Use....................................................................................................................................9
Shipment Content...............................................................................................................................10
Typical Skystream Installation.............................................................................................................11
Siting –Finding the Best Location for Skystream................................................................................13
Local Requirements............................................................................................................................13
INSTALLATION .................................................................................................................................14
Introduction.........................................................................................................................................14
Wire Sizing .........................................................................................................................................14
Grounding...........................................................................................................................................16
Utility Panel Connections....................................................................................................................16
Electrical Connections to Skystream..............................................................................................17-18
Installing Skystream on A Tower.........................................................................................................19
Bolting Skystream to the Tower .....................................................................................................19-21
Blades, Nosecone and Antenna Assembly ....................................................................................22-24
OPERATION ......................................................................................................................................25
Manual Operation of Skystream..........................................................................................................25
Maintenance..................................................................................................................................25-26
Service ...............................................................................................................................................26
Troubleshooting..................................................................................................................................26
Emergency Shutdown.........................................................................................................................26
Key Operating Characteristics ............................................................................................................27
Disposal of Skystream........................................................................................................................28
Frequently Asked Questions...............................................................................................................29
APPENDICES
Appendix A: Electrical Diagrams
North America
1 Grid Connection Option A...............................................................................................................30
2Grid Connection Option B...............................................................................................................31
3Grid Connection Option C...............................................................................................................32
4 Grid Connection Option D...............................................................................................................33
5Skystream Block Diagram ..............................................................................................................34
Europe
6TYPICAL Grid Connection: 230 V, 50 Hz, 1 Phase, Junction Box at Tower Base...........................36
Appendix B: Tower Grounding
1Introduction ...............................................................................................................................39-44
Appendix C: Lightning Protection
1Introduction ....................................................................................................................................47
2Lightning Protection Data ..........................................................................................................48-52
Appendix D: Compliance/Certification
1UL Certificate of Compliance (US & Canada).................................................................................54
2 CE Declaration of Conformity (Europe)...........................................................................................55

Skystream Owner’s Manual 3-CMLT-1054 Rev O XCO 1191 Pg. 6
Skystream 3.7®Technical Specifications
Model
Skystream 3.7
Rated Power1
2.1 kW at 11 m/s (24.6 mph)
Nominal Power
2.4 kW at 13 m/s (29 mph)
Weight
170 lbs. / 77 kg
Rotor Diameter
12 feet / 3.72 metres
Swept Area
115.7 ft2/ 10.87 m2
Type
Downwind rotor with stall regulation
control
Direction of
Rotation
Clockwise looking upwind
Blades
3 Fiberglass reinforced composite
Rotor Speed
50 - 330 rpm
Shutdown Speed
370 rpm
Tip Speed
66 - 213 f/s / 9.7 - 63 m/s
Alternator
Slotless permanent magnet brushless
Yaw Control
Passive
North America - Grid Feeding
120 / 240 Volt, 60 Hz, 2 Phase (split single
phase);
120 / 208 Volt, 60 Hz, 3 Phase
Europe - Grid Feeding
230 Volt, 50 Hz, 1 Phase
Braking System
Electronic stall regulation w/redundant relay switch
control
Cut-in Wind Speed
3.0 m/s (6.7 mph)
User Monitoring
Wireless 2 way interface remote system
Survival Wind Speed
140 mph / 63 m/s
Total Harmonic Distortion
2.7% at 2400W, meets UL1741 and IEEE1547.1
requirements IEC/EN 61000-3-2; Class A EU
Limits;
IEC 61400-21
Maximum output fault current (ac) and duration
720 A, Instantaneous
Maximum output overcurrent protection
25 A, Fused
Normal operation temperature range
-40° C to +50° C (-40° F to +122° F)
Maximum (continuous) output power @ +25° C (+77° F)
2.3 kW
Maximum (continuous) output power @ +50° C (+122° F)
1.5 kW
Limits of accuracy of frequency measurement
+ 0.05 Hz
Limits of accuracy of Voltage measurement
+/-2.0 V L-N
Trip Time Accuracy
+/- 32 ms
Surge Rating
IEEE 1547 Surge Rating B
European Requirement IEC 61000-4-5
Sound Pressure Level
46.4 dB(A) at 60 m, 8 m/s
1 Power performance testing by WINDTEST, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog, Germany; November 14, 2008 - March 22, 2009. With
Combined Standard Uncertainty. Reference air density: 1.22 kg/ m3.
1 Power performance testing by WINDTEST, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Koog, Germany; November 14, 2008 - March 22, 2009. With
Combined Standard Uncertainty. Reference air density: 1.22 kg/ m3.

Skystream Owner’s Manual 3-CMLT-1054 Rev O XCO 1191 Pg. 7
North America
Voltage and Frequency Trip Points (North American)
Utility Interconnection VAC trip limits and times.
240 / 120 V Mode
208 / 120 V Mode
Magnitude
Max Time
Magnitude
Max Time
Overvoltage / Fast (120%)
288 / 144
0.16 sec
249.6 / 144
0.16 sec
Overvoltage / Slow (110%)
264 / 132
1 sec
228.8 / 132
1 sec
Undervoltage / Slow (88%)
211.2 / 105.6
2 sec
183 / 105.6
2 sec
Undervoltage / Fast (59%)
120 / 60
0.16 sec
104 / 60
0.16 sec
High
60.5 Hz
0.16 sec
60.5 Hz
0.16 sec
Low
59.3 Hz
0.16 sec
59.3 Hz
0.16 sec
Refer to production test result printout included with shipment.
Tower Data (Loads calculated at 145 mph - 65 m/s)
Note: Loads do not include safety factor. XZERES Wind recommends minimum safety factor of 1.5
Shaft Thrust 630 lbs (2802 N)
Downward 210 lbs (932 N)
Bending Moment 1130 lb-ft (1532 N·m)
Europe
Voltage and Frequency Trip Points
Configuration
Condition
UK
Italy
France
Germany
Units
Voltage Stop, minimum
207.0
184.0
194.0
184.0
Volts
Voltage Stop, maximum
264.0
276.0
266.0
264.5
Volts
Voltage Fast Stop, minimum
115.0
115.0
195.5
184.0
Volts
Voltage Fast Stop, maximum
276.0
277.0
264.5
276.0
Volts
Voltage Start, minimum
208.0
185.0
196.5
185.0
Volts
Voltage Start, maximum
263.0
275.0
263.5
252.0
Volts
Frequency Stop, minimum
47.0
49.3
49.5
47.5
Hz
Frequency Stop, maximum
50.5
50.3
50.5
50.2
Hz
Frequency Start, minimum
47.1
49.4
49.6
47.4
Hz
Frequency Start, maximum
50.4
50.2
50.4
50.1
Hz
Minimum Start Time after fault
180.0
180.0
180.0
180.0
Seconds
Tower Data (Loads calculated at 145 mph - 65 m/s)
Note: Loads do not include safety factor. XZERES Wind recommends minimum safety factor of 1.5
Shaft Thrust 630 lbs (2802 N)
Downward 210 lbs (932 N)
Bending Moment 1130 lb-ft (1532 N·m)

Skystream Owner’s Manual 3-CMLT-1054 Rev O XCO 1191 Pg. 8
European Grid Standards
Skystream 3.7 complies with the relevant grid connection requirements taken from the following
European Grid Codes:
• Verband der Electrizitätswirtschaft – VDEW –e.V. “Eigenerzeugungsanlagen am
Niederspannungsnetz” (generation units at low voltage level), 4th Edition, 2001, Germany
• ENA Energy Networks Association “Engineering Recommendation G83/1 –Recommendations for the
connection of small-scale embedded generators (up to 16 A per phase) in parallel with the public low
voltage distribution networks”’ September 2003
• EDF Référentiel Technique “Modele de Contrat de raccordment, d’accés et d’exploitation pour une
installation de production de puissant ≤ 36 kVA rac cordée au Réseau Public de Distribution basse
tension Conditions Générales” / Standard Form Agreement for the Connection, Access and Operation
of Power Generating Stations ≤ 36 kVA Connected to the Public Low Voltage Distribution Network
General Terms and Conditions”, Referentiel technique –NOPRES_55E, Vesion V6, 2006, France.
• DIN V VDE V 0126-1-1 (VDE V 0126-1-1) “Automatic disconnection device between a generator and
the public low voltage grid”, February 2006 Germany.
• Italian Standard CEI 11-20 “Electrical energy production systems and uninterruptible power systems
connected to LV and MV networks”
• ÖVE/ÖNORM prEN 50438 “ Requirements for the connection of micro-cogenerators in parallel with
public low-voltage distribution system”, 01.10.2004

Skystream Owner’s Manual 3-CMLT-1054 Rev O XCO 1191 Pg. 9
PRIOR TO INSTALLATION
Intended Use
Skystream 3.7 is a wind powered electricity generator containing an integral AC power inverter. It is
designed to supplement the electrical power provided by the local electrical utility company in
residential applications by connecting directly to the main AC utility panel. Skystream 3.7 may also be
utilized to provide power with battery based residential electrical systems or utility grid connected
systems with battery backup. A typical Skystream installation is depicted in Figure 1 of this manual.
Skystream 3.7 is designed to operate at sites with average wind speeds less than 8.5 m/s - IEC
(International Electrotechnical Commission) Class II wind conditions. The installation of Skystream at
sites with higher average wind speeds will accelerate component wear and require more frequent
inspections.
Unintended Use
Utilizing Skystream 3.7 for other than its intended purposes or with inappropriate equipment or
modifying Skystream is not authorized by XZERES Wind and will void the warranty and may result in
serious or even fatal injury. Observe the following precautions.
•Disconnect power to Skystream prior to servicing –observe “Lock-out” and “Tag-out” procedures.
•Observe all Electrical Code Requirements including tower grounding requirements, electrical
disconnect switches, wire sizes and types. Reference the appendices in this manual.
•Skystream may only be installed on a tower approved by XZERES Wind for use with Skystream. Do
not install Skystream on roofs or on unauthorized towers.
•Do not use unauthorized fasteners. Use fasteners supplied with Skystream. Contact your dealer for
authorized replacement fasteners.
•Observe fastener torque requirements.
•Do not attempt to modify Skystream in any fashion –internally or externally.
•Do not install blades other than those supplied with Skystream. Use only genuine replacement
blades supplied by XZERES Wind.
•Do not attempt to use a power source other than the wind to power Skystream –for example
connecting pulleys or as water powered turbine.
IMPORTANT: Precautions listed here cannot address all the possible misuses of Skystream,
therefore contact XZERES Wind. If there is any doubt or question regarding the installation or
use of Skystream.

Skystream Owner’s Manual 3-CMLT-1054 Rev O XCO 1191 Pg. 10
Your Skystream Shipment Includes:
Your Skystream shipment includes the following components. For your convenience a small quantity of
spare fasteners is included with each Skystream. The quantities indicated below are quantities required
to assemble Skystream:
Turbine Assembly on Pallet
•Includes: turbine, nosecone, blade hub, blade plate (screwed to pallet), M42 hub mounting nut.
Blades (may be shipped separately)
•Blade mounting hardware
- M10 x 120, grade 10.9, hex head bolts (quantity 12)
- M10, grade 10.9, nut (quantity 12)
Nosecone Mounting Hardware
•M6 x 12 socket head screws, A2 stainless steel (quantity 3)
Skystream to Tower Mounting Hardware
•Vibration Isolators (quantity 8)
•Vibration Isolator Snubbing Washers (quantity 8)
•M12 x 90 hex head bolts, grade 10.9 (quantity 8)
•M12 nuts, grade 10.9 (quantity 8)
Yaw Shield
•Yaw shield halves (quantity 2)
•M5 x 12 socket head screws (quantity 4)
Strain Relief Cover
•Cover with ground wire (quantity 1)
•M5 x 12 socket head screws (quantity 4)
Miscellaneous
•RF antenna (quantity 1)
Skyview Interface Kit
•Permits remote monitoring of Skystream performance via personnel computer.
TIP: See exploded view on page 23.
Installation Personnel
XZERES Wind recommends professional installation of Skystream. While Skystream is not difficult to
install, and many homeowners have successfully installed their own Skystream, knowledge of local
zoning and building code requirements, construction techniques, as well as residential electrical
systems is required for a safe installation.
Skystream dealers displaying the following insignia have completed factory training on the correct and
safe installation of Skystream.

Skystream Owner’s Manual 3-CMLT-1054 Rev O XCO 1191 Pg. 11
Figure 1 Typical Skystream Installation (North American)
Note: Refer to Appendix A for detailed wiring drawings.

Skystream Owner’s Manual 3-CMLT-1054 Rev O XCO 1191 Pg. 12
Figure 1 Typical Skystream Installation (Europe)
Note: Refer to Appendix A for detailed wiring drawings.

Skystream Owner’s Manual 3-CMLT-1054 Rev O XCO 1191 Pg. 13
Siting - Finding the Best Location for Skystream
The best location to install a wind turbine is often a compromise. Local building restrictions, the height
of surrounding structures, wire length, and available open space may require Skystream be installed in
a less than optimum location.
In general Skystream will produce more power if installed on a taller tower. However, towers are
expensive so it is important to balance performance (tower height) to installed cost in order to achieve
the lowest cost of energy and the quickest payback.
The General Rule: For optimal performance, install Skystream 20 ft. (6.5 m) above any surrounding
object within a 250 ft. (75 m) radius. See figure below.
TIP: Your dealer can help you determine the best location for Skystream on your property.
Local Requirements
Building codes and installation regulations may vary greatly depending upon country, state, city and
local townships. Be sure to obtain all the required building permits BEFORE beginning installation.
Make sure you understand all inspection and installation requirements. Many locations may require
installation by a licensed professional to meet building code requirements or to qualify for rebate
incentives.
Additionally, be sure to contact the local electrical utility company. Many utility companies will require
an “Interconnection Agreement” prior to installation. Some utilities may also require installation of a
separate power meter for Skystream.

Skystream Owner’s Manual 3-CMLT-1054 Rev O XCO 1191 Pg. 14
INSTALLATION
Introduction
The following sections of this manual assume a tower and foundation appropriate for use with a
Skystream are in place and ready for Skystream to be installed.
XZERES Wind designed Skystream for easy installation by minimizing the number of electrical
connections. Note that National Electric Code, ANSI/NFPA 70 wiring methods are to be used
throughout the Skystream installation.
Wire Sizing
These wire sizing directions are for SINGLE Skystream turbine installations which are home-run to a
main service panel.
DO NOT attempt to use these wire sizing instructions for a Skystream connected to a sub-panel or for
multiple Skystreams together.
Note that the largest wire size that may be connected to the Skystream yaw terminals is #8 AWG
(10 mm2). For installations requiring a larger wire size box installed between the tower and utility panel
to transition to a larger wire size (because of distance) XZERES recommends using a disconnect
switch box installed between the tower and utility panel to transition to a larger wire size.
To determine the appropriate wire size measure the total distance from the turbine to the electrical
utility panel including the tower height and refer to the tables below.
Table 1 includes maximum wire length information for wire sizes #8 AWG (10 mm2) and smaller without
transitioning to a larger wire size. Select the appropriate wire size based on the total wire length and
Skystream voltage configuration (240 VAC, split phase or 208 VAC, 3 phase).
If the required wire length is greater than can be accomplished with #8 AWG (10 mm2) wire refer to
Table 2. This table includes wire size information for installations requiring a transition to a wire size
larger than #8 (10 mm2) AWG.
Table 2 provides for a 75 ft. length of # 8 AWG (10 mm2) wire to be run from the Skystream yaw to a
disconnect switch box and a length of #4 or # 6 AWG (25 mm2 or 16 mm2) wire to be run from the
disconnect switch box to the utility panel. Select the appropriate wire size combination based on the
wire run length and Skystream voltage configuration.
Note, if needed, the 75 ft. length of #8 AWG (10 mm2) wire may be shortened and the larger gauge wire
lengthened a corresponding amount. However, DO NOT lengthen the #8 AWG wire and lengthen the
larger gauge wire.

Skystream Owner’s Manual 3-CMLT-1054 Rev O XCO 1191 Pg. 15
Table 1 - North America
Wire Size
120/240 VAC, Split Phase
120/208 VAC, 3 Phase
4 AWG (25 mm2)
See Table 2
See Table 2
6 AWG (16 mm2)
See Table 2
See Table 2
8 AWG (10 mm2)
303 ft. (92 m)
264 ft. (80 m)
10 AWG (6 mm2)
190 ft. (58 m)
165 ft. (50 m)
12 AWG (4 mm2)
120 ft. (37 m)
104 ft. (32 m)
14 AWG (2.5 mm2)
75 ft. (23 m)
65 ft. (20 m)
Use copper conductors only - Minimum wire temperature rating is 75° C (167° F).
Distances and wire sizes are based on 2400 W power production and maximum 2% voltage rise at the
turbine.
Table 2 - North America
System Voltage
Maximum Wire Length
# 8 AWG
# 6 AWG
# 4 AWG
120/240 VAC, Split Phase
650 ft. (198 m)
75 ft. (22.9 m)
----
575 ft. (175 m)
120/240 VAC, Split Phase
435 ft. (13 m)
75 ft. (22.9 m)
360 ft. (110 m)
----
120/208 VAC, 3 Phase
550 ft. (168 m)
75 ft. (22.9 m)
----
475 ft. (145 m)
120/208 VAC, 3 Phase
375 ft. (114 m)
75 ft. (22.9 m)
300 ft. (91 m)
----
Warning: For your safety, make sure power is turned off before working on any and all electrical
connections.
Table 1 - Europe
Wire Size
230 VAC, Single Phase
4 AWG (25 mm2)
See Table 2
6 AWG (16 mm2)
See Table 2
8 AWG (10 mm2)
303 ft. (92 m)
10 AWG (6 mm2)
190 ft. (58 m)
12 AWG (4 mm2)
120 ft. (37 m)
14 AWG (2.5 mm2)
75 ft. (23 m)
Table 2 - Europe
System Voltage
Maximum Wire
Length
10 mm2(8 AWG)
16 mm2(6 AWG)
16 mm2(4 AWG)
230 VAC, Single Phase
176 m (577 ft.)
25 m (82 ft.)
----
151 m (495 ft.)
230 VAC, Single Phase
120 m (394 ft)
25 m (82 ft)
95 m (312 ft)
----
Warning: For your safety, make sure power is turned off before working on any and all electrical
connections.

Skystream Owner’s Manual 3-CMLT-1054 Rev O XCO 1191 Pg. 16
Grounding
All electrical systems must be grounded in accordance with local and national standards. Grounding
provides protection from lightning, electrical shock, voltage surges and static charge build up.
The figures in Appendix A provide information for grounding the tower and Skystream at the service
panel. The tower must be grounded with a ground connection that is compliant with Section 250 of the
NEC, ANSI/NFPA 70.
Appendix B provides information for grounding the tower according to the National Electric Code
(USA) and IEC 60364-5-54. Information about grounding electrodes, grounding conductors, and
connections is provided.
The turbine must be grounded to the tower as depicted in Figure 2.
Note: The AC input and AC output circuits are isolated from the enclosure and system grounding, if
required by Section 250 of the National Electrical Code, ANSI / NFPA 70, is the responsibility of
the installer.
The AC output / neutral is not bonded to ground inside of the wind turbine. Nacelle grounding is
provided through the ground slip ring.
The instructions in this section and Appendix A are provided as reference; local electrical codes
and standards have precedence over these instructions.
Figure 2 Grounding for Yaw is provided by the jumper wire provided for attachment to the tower.
Utility Panel Connections
Skystream connects directly into your electrical panel. Wiring will vary with local zoning authority and
utility. Refer to Appendix A for drawings for each voltage, frequency and phase configuration. Some
installations will require a visible lockable disconnect switch located next to the electrical meter and/or
at the base of the tower. The disconnect switch is utilized by your local utility in the event of a power
outage to ensure no voltage is placed on the utility line during repair. Again, it is extremely important to
install in accordance with local and national zoning regulations.
WARNING : To reduce the risk of fire, do not connect Skystream to an AC Load Center (circuit
breaker panel) on a branch circuit where multiwire branch circuits are connected.
CAUTION : To reduce the risk of fire, connect only to a circuit provided with 20 amperes maximum
branch circuit overcurrent protection in accordance with the National Electrical Code,
ANSI/ NFPA 70.
CAUTION : Overcurrent protection for the AC output circuit is to be provided by others. The
Maximum size output circuit protection acceptable for Skystream 3.7 is 20 A.

Skystream Owner’s Manual 3-CMLT-1054 Rev O XCO 1191 Pg. 17
Electrical Connections to Skystream
Caution: Turn power OFF prior to making electrical connections. Use a locking disconnect switch
to disconnect power and LOCK it when making connections!
The following section provides directions for completing the main power connections to the Skystream.
Warning: XZERES Wind strongly recommends and many local electrical authorities require a lockable
disconnect switch (Figure 3) installed between the Main Service Panel and Skystream.
Turn the switch to “Off” and lock the switch to prevent turning on the power
before it is safe to do so.
Figure 3 Typical Locking Disconnect Switch Figure 4 Insulation removal
The connections are most easily accomplished with Skystream on the ground as would be the case
when utilizing a tilt-up tower. If the installation does not incorporate a tilt-up tower, the connections may
still be made on the ground by utilizing a sufficient length of cable to connect Skystream to the nearest
junction point.
Refer to the accompanying photographs and perform the following steps:
•Position Skystream on its side to access the yaw wire terminals.
•Remove approximately 0.3 inch (7 mm) of insulation from each of the Skystream yaw wires.
•Remove approximately 2 inches (5 cm) of cable jacket from the cable to be run down the tower and
strip approximately 0.3 inch (7 mm) of insulation from the individual wires See Figure 4.
• Note: The AC field wiring terminals can be used for connection of a maximum of a single 8 AWG
(10 mm2 ) wire on each terminal.
•Pass the cable through strain relief clamp so approximately 0.5 in (1.5 cm) of cable jacket protrudes
past the clamp. Tighten the strain relief clamp screws to secure the tower cable.
•Connect each of the tower wires to the terminal block as shown in the accompanying photo.
Tighten the terminal block screws to 18-19 in lb (2.0 N·m). See Figure 5 or 6, as appropriate.
•Install the terminal block –cover assembly on Skystream using the socket head screws provided.
Tighten screws to 20-22 in lb (2.3-2.5 N·m).
After making the yaw wire connections, temporarily turn on power and immediately attempt to rotate the
blade shaft; the shaft should initially be difficult to rotate but become noticeably easier after 5 minutes.
Disconnect the power and verify that Skystream has returned to its “braked” mode. In the “braked”
mode the blade shaft should once again be difficult to turn.

Skystream Owner’s Manual 3-CMLT-1054 Rev O XCO 1191 Pg. 18
Table 3
Wire Function
Wire Color, IEC
Wire Color, NEC (USA)
Protective Ground
Green with Yellow Stripe
Bare, Green, or Green with Yellow Stripe
Neutral
Blue
White
Line, Single Phase
Brown
Black or Red (2nd hot)
Line 1, 3 Phase
Brown
Black
Line 2, 3 Phase
Black
Red
Line 3, 3 Phase
Grey
Blue
Note: The color of the power wires (originating from the Skystream yaw housing) follow the US
National Electric Code (NEC) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) mandates
and conventions as indicated in Table 3.
North America
Europe
Figure 5 240/208V Yaw wiring
(USA Wiring Depicted, connect Red to Red,
Black to Black)
Figure 6 Single phase wiring.
Caution:Make sure AC power is switched “OFF” before proceeding with installation.
Lightning Protection
The Skystream 3.7 turbine is designed to withstand over voltages and surge currents (6kV, 3kA,
8/20 μs) caused by INDIRECT lightning strikes or switching operations according to the Standard for
Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems (IEEE 1547) . For this protection to
be effective, it is necessary to ensure that over voltages at the Skystream connection terminals will not
be higher than the above values of the surge test.
To provide this over voltage protection against DIRECT lightning strikes; a Type 1 lightning current
arrestor, that reduces over voltages to a level below 6 kV but is capable of discharging very high
currents, much larger than those handled by surge protective devices present inside Skystream is
required.
Note: Refer to Appendix C for specific instructions on the selection of a Lightning Protection System.

Skystream Owner’s Manual 3-CMLT-1054 Rev O XCO 1191 Pg. 19
Installing Skystream on a Tower
All towers must be provided with a ground connection that is compliant with Section 250 of the National
Electric Code, ANSI / NFPA 70.
There are several types of towers that can be used with Skystream. It is essential that Skystream is
installed on a properly engineered tower. One of the leading causes of wind generator failure is use on
a poorly designed tower.
Regardless of the tower design and height you select, there are two critical areas that must be
considered when selecting the tower. These are the stub tower height
and blade clearance; refer to accompanying figure.
Note: The orientation of the vibration isolators is very
important. Refer to Figures. 8, 9 & 10.
Warning: Working on towers is dangerous and
should be left to professionals with
proper safety equipment and training.
IMPORTANT: XZERES Wind’s Warranty is only
extended to installations that are
made on a properly engineered
tower.
XZERES Wind reserves the right
to deny any warranty claim in
which an improperly designed
tower is used.
Critical Turbine Blade Clearances

Skystream Owner’s Manual 3-CMLT-1054 Rev O XCO 1191 Pg. 20
Bolting Skystream to the Tower
The following section provides directions for bolting Skystream to the tower. Before Skystream is bolted
to the tower, complete the electrical connections as described in the “ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS”
section of this manual.
Bolting Skystream to the tower is most easily accomplished at ground level as in the case with a tilt-up
tower. Alternately Skystream may be bolted to the tower on the ground, and the tower with Skystream
hoisted into position as an assembly; or Skystream may be hoisted to an already erected tower. These
latter two options require specialized equipment and training and should only be attempted by trained
professionals.
•Install the vibration isolator halves (items 4 and 5) on the yaw as shown in Figure 10. Note the
orientation of the isolator halves is very important –install as shown.
•Insert the vibration isolator bolts and snubbing washers into the vibration isolators from “above” as
shown in Figure 10.
•Using an appropriate lifting device, lift Skystream and align vibration isolator bolts with holes in the
tower flange.
Note: A wide nylon lifting strap may be used to hoist Skystream into position. The strap MUST cinch
or “choke” the turbine tightly prior to hoisting. Refer to the accompanying figure for positioning
the strap along the center of gravity.
Warning: Do not attempt to hoist a tower and Skystream into position using a sling attached to
Skystream. Skystream CANNOT support the hanging weight of a tower.