Acces I/O products PCI-COM485/4 User manual

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10623 Roselle Street, San Diego, CA 92121 • [phone] • FAX [phone]
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MODEL PCI-COM485/4
USER MANUAL
FILE: PCI-COM485-4.Gb

Notice
The information in this document is provided for reference only. ACCES does not assume any liability arising
out of the application or use of the information or products described herein. This document may contain or
reference information and products protected by copyrights or patents and does not convey any license under
the patent rights of ACCES, nor the rights of others.
IBM PC, PC/XT, and PC/AT are registered trademarks of the International Business Machines Corporation.
Printed in USA. Copyright 2000, 2005 by ACCES I/O Products Inc, 10623 Roselle Street, San Diego, CA
92121. All rights reserved.
WARNING!!
ALWAYS CONNECT AND DISCONNECT YOUR FIELD CABLING WITH THE
COMPUTER POWER OFF. ALWAYS TURN COMPUTER POWER OFF
BEFORE INSTALLING A CARD. CONNECTING AND DISCONNECTING
CABLES, OR INSTALLING CARDS INTO A SYSTEM WITH THE
COMPUTER OR FIELD POWER ON MAY CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE I/O
CARD AND WILL VOID ALL WARRANTIES, IMPLIED OR EXPRESSED.

Warranty
Prior to shipment, ACCES equipment is thoroughly inspected and tested to applicable specifications. However,
should equipment failure occur, ACCES assures its customers that prompt service and support will be available.
All equipment originally manufactured by ACCES which is found to be defective will be repaired or replaced
subject to the following considerations.
Terms and Conditions
If a unit is suspected of failure, contact ACCES' Customer Service department. Be prepared to give the unit
model number, serial number, and a description of the failure symptom(s). We may suggest some simple tests
to confirm the failure. We will assign a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number which must appear on the
outer label of the return package. All units/components should be properly packed for handling and returned
with freight prepaid to the ACCES designated Service Center, and will be returned to the customer's/user's site
freight prepaid and invoiced.
Coverage
First Three Years: Returned unit/part will be repaired and/or replaced at ACCES option with no charge for labor
or parts not excluded by warranty. Warranty commences with equipment shipment.
Following Years: Throughout your equipment's lifetime, ACCES stands ready to provide on-site or in-plant
service at reasonable rates similar to those of other manufacturers in the industry.
Equipment Not Manufactured by ACCES
Equipment provided but not manufactured by ACCES is warranted and will be repaired according to the terms
and conditions of the respective equipment manufacturer's warranty.
General
Under this Warranty, liability of ACCES is limited to replacing, repairing or issuing credit (at ACCES discretion)
for any products which are proved to be defective during the warranty period. In no case is ACCES liable for
consequential or special damage arriving from use or misuse of our product. The customer is responsible for all
charges caused by modifications or additions to ACCES equipment not approved in writing by ACCES or, if in
ACCES opinion the equipment has been subjected to abnormal use. "Abnormal use" for purposes of this
warranty is defined as any use to which the equipment is exposed other than that use specified or intended as
evidenced by purchase or sales representation. Other than the above, no other warranty, expressed or implied,
shall apply to any and all such equipment furnished or sold by ACCES.

Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction........................................................................................................................................ 5
Specifications.................................................................................................................................................... 6
Figure 1-1: Block Diagram(Only one serial channel shown).......................................................................... 7
Chapter 2: Installation.......................................................................................................................................... 8
Chapter 3: Option Selection .............................................................................................................................. 10
Figure 3-1: Simplified Termination Schematic ............................................................................................. 10
Figure 3-2: Option Selection Map................................................................................................................. 12
Chapter 4: Address Selection ........................................................................................................................... 13
Chapter 5: Programming ................................................................................................................................... 14
Chapter 6: Connector Pin Assignments .......................................................................................................... 18
Table 6-1: Connector Pin Assignments ........................................................................................................ 18
Appendix A: Application Considerations......................................................................................................... 19
Table A-1: Connections Between Two RS422 Devices ............................................................................... 19
Table A-2: RS422 Specification Summary ................................................................................................... 20
Figure A-1: Typical RS485 Two-Wire Multidrop Network ............................................................................ 21

Chapter 1: Introduction
This Serial Interface Card was designed for effective multipoint transmission in RS485 (EIA485)
protocol. The card is 6.0 inches long and may be installed in 5-volt PCI-bus slots of IBM PC or
compatible computers. The card features four independent, asynchronous RS485 serial ports, type
16550 buffered UARTS, and, for Windows compatibility, automatic control to transparently
enable/disable the transmission drivers.
There are two I/O connector options. The standard model includes two 9-pin male connectors on the
card mounting bracket plus a second mounting bracket with two more 9-pin male connectors with
ribbon cables to connect them to headers on the card. Model S1 includes a single 25-pin connector on
the mounting bracket plus a "spider" or breakout cable that terminates in four 9-pin D-type connectors.
RS485 Balanced Mode Operation
The card supports RS485 communications and uses differential balanced drivers for long range and
noise immunity. RS485 operation involves switchable transceivers and the ability to support multiple
devices on a single "party line". The RS485 specification defines a maximum of 32 devices on a single
line. The number of devices served on a single line can be expanded by use of "repeaters".
RS485 communications requires that one transmitter supply a bias voltage to ensure a known "zero"
state when all transmitters are off. Also, receiver inputs at each end of the network should be
terminated to eliminate "ringing". The card supports biasing by default and supports termination by
jumpers on the card. If your application requires the transmitter to be un-biased, please contact the
factory.
COM Port Compatibility
Type 16550 UARTs are used as the Asynchronous Communication Element (ACE). These have a 16-
byte transmit/receive buffer to protect against lost data in multitasking operating systems, while
maintaining 100 percent compatibility with the original IBM serial port. The system assigns the
address(es).
A crystal oscillator is located on the card. This oscillator ensures precise selection of baud rate up to
115,200 or, by changing a jumper, up to 460,800.
The driver/receiver used, the SN75176B, is capable of driving extremely long communication lines at
high baud rates. It can drive up to +60 mA on balanced lines and receive inputs as low as 200 mV
differential signal superimposed on common mode noise of +12 V or -7 V. In case of communication
conflict, the driver/receivers feature thermal shutdown.
Communication Mode
This card supports Half-Duplex communications with a 2-wire cable connection. Half-Duplex allows
traffic to travel in both directions, but only one way at a time. RS485 communications commonly use the
Half-Duplex mode since they share only a single pair of wires.
Baud Rate Ranges
The card has capability for two baud rate ranges and you can select which you wish to use on a port-
by-port basis. One range is up to 115,200 baud applications and the other is up to 460,800 baud.

Auto-RTS Transceiver Control
In RS485 communications, the driver must be enabled and disabled as needed, allowing all cards to
share a two wire cable. The card controls the driver automatically. With automatic control, the driver is
enabled when data is ready to be transmitted. The driver remains enabled for one additional character's
transmission time after data transfer is complete and then is disabled. The receiver is also normally
enabled, then disabled during RS485 transmissions, and then re-enabled after transmission is
completed (plus one character transmission time). The card automatically adjusts it's timing to the baud
rate of the data. (Note: Thanks to the automatic control feature, the card is ideal for use in
WIN95/98/NT applications)
Specifications
Communications Interface
•I/O Connection: 9-pin D-sub connectors.
• Serial Ports: Four shielded male D-sub 9-pin IBM AT style connectors
compatible with RS485 specifications. (Note: On model S01,
an external "spider" or breakout cable terminates with four
female D-sub 9-pin connectors.)
• Character length: 5, 6, 7, or 8 bits.
• Parity: Even, odd or none.
• Stop Interval: 1, 1.5, or 2 bits.
• Serial Data Rates: Up to 115,200 baud, Asynchronous, A faster range of rates, up
to 460,800, is achieved by jumper selection on the card. Type
16550 buffered UART.
• Address: Continuously mappable within 0000 to FFFF (hex) range of
PCI bus addresses (Conforms to PCI Specification 2.1).
• Receiver Input Sensitivity: +200 mV, differential input.
• Common Mode Rejection: +12V to -7V.
• Transmitter Output Drive Capability: 60 mA, with thermal shutdown.
Environmental
• Operating Temperature Range: 0 °C. to +60 °C.
• Storage temperature Range: -50 °C. to +120 °C.
• Humidity: 5% to 95%, non-condensing.
• Power Required: +5VDC at 125 mA typical, -12VDC at 5 mA typical, +12VDC at
5 mA typical, 750 mW total power consumption.
• Size: 7.8" long (198 mm) by 3.9" (99 mm).

Figure 1-1: Block Diagram(Only one serial channel shown)

Chapter 2: Installation
A printed Quick-Start Guide (QSG) is packed with the card for your convenience. If you’ve already performed
the steps from the QSG, you may find this chapter to be redundant and may skip forward to begin developing
your application.
The software provided with this card is on CD and must be installed onto your hard disk prior to use. To do this,
perform the following steps as appropriate for your operating system.
Configure Card Options via Jumper Selection
Before installing the card into your computer, carefully read Chapter 3: Option Selection of this manual, then
configure the card according to your requirements and protocol (RS-232, RS-422, RS-485, 4-wire 485, etc.).
Our Windows based setup program can be used in conjunction with Chapter 3 to assist in configuring jumpers
on the card, as well as provide additional descriptions for usage of the various card options (such as
termination, bias, baud rate range, RS-232, RS-422, RS-485, etc.).
CD Software Installation
The following instructions assume the CD-ROM drive is drive “D”. Please substitute the appropriate drive letter
for your system as necessary.
DOS
1. Place the CD into your CD-ROM drive.
2. TypeB- to change the active drive to the CD-ROM drive.
3. Type GLQR?JJ-to run the install program.
4. Follow the on-screen prompts to install the software for this board.
WINDOWS
1. Place the CD into your CD-ROM drive.
2. The system should automatically run the install program. If the install program does not run promptly,
click START | RUN and type BGLQR?JJ, click OK or press -.
3. Follow the on-screen prompts to install the software for this board.
LINUX
1. Please refer to linux.htm on the CD-ROM for information on installing under linux.
Note: COM boards can be installed in virtually any operating system. We do support installation in earlier
versions of Windows, and are very likely to support future versions as well.
Caution! * ESDA single static discharge can damage your card and cause premature failure!
Please follow all reasonable precautions to prevent a static discharge such as grounding yourself by
touching any grounded surface prior to touching the card.

Hardware Installation
1. Make sure to set switches and jumpers from either the Option Selection section of this manual or from
the suggestions of SETUP.EXE.
2. Do not install card into the computer until the software has been fully installed.
3. Turn OFF computer power AND unplug AC power from the system.
4. Remove the computer cover.
5. Carefully install the card in an available 5V or 3.3V PCI expansion slot (you may need to remove a
backplate first).
6. Inspect for proper fit of the card and tighten screws. Make sure that the card mounting bracket is
properly screwed into place and that there is a positive chassis ground.
7. Install an I/O cable onto the card’s bracket mounted connector.
8. Replace the computer cover and turn ON the computer. Enter the CMOS setup program of your system
and verify that the PCI plug-and-play option is set appropriately for your system. Systems running
Windows 95/98/2000/XP/2003 (or any other PNP-compliant operating system) should set the CMOS
option to OS. Systems running under DOS, Windows NT, Windows 3.1, or any other non-PNP-
compliant operating system should set the PNP CMOS option to BIOS or Motherboard. Save the option
and continue booting the system.
9. Most computers should auto-detect the card (depending on the operating system) and automatically
finish installing the drivers.
10. Run PCIfind.exe to complete installing the card into the registry (for Windows only) and to determine
the assigned resources.
11. Run one of the provided sample programs that was copied to the newly created card directory (from the
CD) to test and validate your installation.

Chapter 3: Option Selection
To help you locate the jumpers described in this section, refer to the Option Selection Map at the end of
this section. Operation of the serial communications section is determined by jumper installation as
described in the following paragraphs.
Terminations
A transmission line should be terminated at the receiving end in its characteristic impedance. Installing
a jumper at the locations labeled LDxO applies a 120Ωload across the transmit/receive
input/output for RS485 operation.
120
Tx+/Rx
+
TX-/Rx-
LDxO
Figure 3-1: Simplified Termination Schematic
In RS485 operations where there are multiple terminals, only the RS485 ports at each end of the
network should have terminating impedance as described above. To so terminate the COM A port,
place a jumper at the location labeled LDAO. To terminate the COM B, COM C, and COM D ports,
place jumpers at locations labeled LDBO, LDCO, and LDDO respectively.
Also, for RS485 operation, there must be a bias on the RX+ and RX- lines. If the card is not to provide
that bias, contact the factory technical support.
Data Cable Wiring
Signal Pin Connection
TX+ and RX+ 2
TX- and RX- 3
Ground 5
Baud Rate Ranges
The jumpers labeled CLK X1 and CLK X4 select the baud rates in either of two ranges. When in the
"X1" position, the baud rate range is up to 115,200 baud. When in the CLK X4 position, the baud rate
range is up to 460,800 baud.
Note
Refer to Table 5-1, Baud Rate Divisor Table on page 5-1 of the manual.

Interrupts
Please note that, in WindowsNT, changes must be made to the system registry to support IRQ sharing.
The following is excerpted from "Controlling Multiport Serial I/O Cards" provided by Microsoft in the
MSDN library, documentid:mk:@ivt:nt40res/D15/S55FC.HTM, also available in the WindowsNT
Resource Kit.
The Microsoft serial driver can be used to control many dumb multiport serial cards. Dumb indicates
that the control includes no on-board processor. Each port of a multiport card has a separate subkey
under the HKLM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Serial subkey in the registry. In each of these subkeys,
you must add values for DosDevices, Interrupt, InterruptStatus, PortAddress, and PortIndex
because these are not detected by the Hardware Recognizer. (For descriptions and ranges for these
values, see Regentry.hlp, the Registry help file on the WindowsNT Workstation Resource Kit CD.)
For example, if you have a four-port card configured to use address 0xFFF0 with an interrupt of 05, the
values in the Registry are: [assuming that every port is configured to use the same IRQ and that the
addresses are configured to be consecutive and contiguous]
Serial2 Subkey: Serial4 Subkey:
PortAddress = REG_DWORD 0xFFF0 PortAddress = REG_DWORD 0xFF90
Interrupt = REG_WORD 5 Interrupt = REG_DWORD 5
DosDevices = REG_SZ COM3 DosDevices = REG_SZ COM5
InterruptStatus = REG_DWORD 0xFFF8 InterruptStatus = REG_DWORD 0xFFF8
PortIndex = REG_DWORD 1 PortIndex = REG_DWORD 3
Serial3 Subkey: Serial5 Subkey:
PortAddress = REG_DWORD 0xFFE0 PortAddress = REG_DWORD 0xFF80
Interrupt = REG_DWORD 5 Interrupt = REG_DWORD 5
DosDevices = REG_SZ COM4 Dos Devices = REG_SZ COM6
InterruptStatus = REG_DWORD 0xFFF8 InterruptStatus = REG_DWORD 0xFFF8
PortIndex = REG_DWORD 2 PortIndex = REG_DWORD 4
As this example shows, the Interrupt Status Register, which indicates which port (s) caused an IRQ, is located
at COM A Base Address +8.

Figure 3-2: Option Selection Map

Chapter 4: Address Selection
The card uses four separate address spaces. COM A occupies 16 consecutive register locations and
COM B, COM C, and COM D each occupy eight consecutive register locations.
PCI architecture is Plug-and-Play. This means that the BIOS or Operating System determines the
resources assigned to PCI cards rather than you selecting those resources with switches or jumpers.
As a result, you cannot set or change the card's base address. You can only determine what the
system has assigned.
To determine the base address that has been assigned, run the PCIFind.EXE utility program provided.
This utility will display a list of all of the cards detected on the PCI bus, the addresses assigned to each
function on each of the cards, and the respective IRQs (if any) allotted.
Alternatively, some operating systems (Windows 95/98/2000) can be queried to determine which
resources were assigned. In these operating systems, you can use either PCIFind (DOS), PCINT
(Windows95/98/NT), or the Device Manager utility from the System Properties Applet of the control
panel. The card is installed in the Data Acquisition class of the Device Manager list. Selecting the card,
clicking Properties, and then selecting the Resources Tab will display a list of the resources allocated to
the card.
PCIFind uses the Vendor ID and Device ID to search for your card, then reads the base address and
IRQ.
If you want to determine the base address and IRQ yourself, use the following information.
The Vendor ID for the card is 494F. (ASCII for "IO")
The Device ID for the card is 1059h.

Chapter 5: Programming
Sample Programs
There are sample programs provided with the card in C, Pascal, QuickBASIC, and several Windows
languages. DOS samples are located in the DOS directory and Windows samples are located in the
WIN32 directory.
Windows Programming
The card installs into Windows as COM ports. Thus the Windows standard API functions can be used. In
particular:
►CreateFile() and CloseHandle() for opening and closing a port.
►SetupComm(), SetCommTimeouts(), GetCommState(), and SetCommState() to set and change
a port’s settings.
►ReadFile() and WriteFile() for accessing a port.
See the documentation for your chosen language for details.
Under DOS, the process is very different. The remainder of this chapter describes DOS programming.

Initialization
Initializing the chip requires knowledge of the UART's register set. The first step is to set the baud rate
divisor. You do this by first setting the DLAB (Divisor Latch Access Bit) high. This bit is Bit 7 at Base
Address +3. In C code, the call would be:
outportb(BASEADDR +3,0x80);
You then load the divisor into Base Address +0 (low byte) and Base Address +1 (high byte). The
following equation defines the relationship between baud rate and divisor:
desired baud rate = (UART Clock Frequency) / (32 * divisor)
On the card, the UART clock frequency is 1.8432 MHz. Below is a table for the popular divisor
frequencies.
When the BAUD jumper is in the X1 position, the UART clock frequency is 1.8432MHz. When the
jumper is in the X4 position, the clock frequency is 7.3728 MHz. The following table lists popular divisor
frequencies. Note that there are two columns to consider depending on the position of the BAUD
jumper.
Baud Rate Divisor x1 Divisor x4 Max Diff. Cable Length*
460800 - 1 550 ft
230400 - 2 1400 ft
153600 - 3 2500 ft
115200 1 4 3000 ft
57600 2 8 4000 ft
38400 3 12 4000 ft
28800 4 16 4000 ft
19200 6 24 4000 ft
14400 8 32 4000 ft
9600 12 48 – Most Common 4000 ft
4800 24 96 4000 ft
2400 48 192 4000 ft
1200 96 384 4000 ft
* Recommended maximum distances for differentially driven data cables (RS422 or RS485) are for typical conditions.
Table 5-1: Baud Rate Divisors
In C, the code to set the chip to 9600 baud is:
outportb(BASEADDR, 0x0C);
outportb(BASEADDR +1,0);
In C, the code to set the chip to 9600 baud is:
outportb(BASEADDR, 0x0C);
outportb(BASEADDR +1,0);
The second initializing step is to set the Line Control Register at Base Address +3. This register defines
word length, stop bits, parity, and the DLAB.
Bits 0 and 1 control word length and allow word lengths from 5 to 8 bits. Bit settings are extracted
by subtracting 5 from the desired word length.

Bit 2 determines the number of stop bits. There can be either one or two stop bits. If Bit 2 is set to 0,
there will be one stop bit. If Bit 2 is set to 1, there will be two stop bits.
Bits 3 through 6 control parity and break enable. They are not commonly used for communications
and should be set to zeroes.
Bit 7 is the DLAB discussed earlier. It must be set to zero after the divisor is loaded or else there
will be no communications.
The C command to set the UART for an 8-bit word, no parity, and one stop bit is:
outportb(BASEADDR +3, 0x03)
The final initialization step is to flush the receiver buffers. You do this with two reads from the receiver
buffer at Base Address +0. When done, the UART is ready to use.
Reception
Reception can be handled in two ways: polling and interrupt-driven. When polling, reception is
accomplished by constantly reading the Line Status Register at Base Address +5. Bit 0 of this register
is set high whenever data are ready to be read from the chip. A simple polling loop must continuously
check this bit and read in data as it becomes available. The following code fragment implements a
polling loop and uses a value of 13, (ASCII Carriage Return) as an end-of-transmission marker:
do
{
while (!(inportb(BASEADDR +5) & 1)); /*Wait until data ready*/
data[i++]= inportb(BASEADDR);
}
while (data[i]!=13); /*Reads the line until null character rec'd*/
Interrupt-driven communications should be used whenever possible and is required for high data rates.
Writing an interrupt-driven receiver is not much more complex than writing a polled receiver but care
should be taken when installing or removing your interrupt handler to avoid writing the wrong interrupt,
disabling the wrong interrupt, or turning interrupts off for too long a period.
The handler would first read the Interrupt Identification Register at Base Address +2. If the interrupt is
for Received Data Available, the handler then reads the data. If no interrupt is pending, control exits the
routine. A sample handler, written in C, is as follows:
readback = inportb(BASEADDR +2);
if (readback & 4) /*Readback will be set to 4 if data are available*/
data[i++]=inportb(BASEADDR);
outportb(0x20,0x20); /*Write EOI to 8259 Interrupt Controller*/
return;
Transmission
RS485 transmission is simple to implement. The AUTO feature of the card automatically enables the
transmitter when data is ready to send so no software enabling is required. The following software
example is for non-AUTO operation.
To transmit a string of data, the transmitter must first check Bit 5 of the Line Status Register at Base
Address +5. That bit is the transmitter-holding-register-empty flag. If it is high, the transmitter has sent

the data. The process of checking the bit until it goes high followed by a write is repeated until no data
remains.
The following C code fragment demonstrates this process:
outportb(BASEADDR +4, inportb(BASEADDR +4)|0x02);
/*Set RTS bit without altering states of other bits*/
while(data[i]); /*While there is data to send*/
{
while(!(inportb(BASEADDR +5)&0x20)); /*Wait until transmitter is empty*/
outportb(BASEADDR,data[i]);
i++;
}
outportb(BASEADDR +4, inportb(BASEADDR +4)&0xFD);
/*Reset RTS bit without altering states of other bits*/

Chapter 6: Connector Pin Assignments
The popular 9-pin D subminiature connector is used for interfacing to communication lines. The
connector is equipped with 4-40 threaded standoffs (female screw lock) to provide strain relief.
Pin No. RS485 Functions
1
2 Tx+ and Rx+
3 Tx- and Rx-
4
5 GND Ground
6
7
8
9
Table 6-1: Connector Pin Assignments

Appendix A: Application Considerations
Introduction
Working with RS422 and RS485 devices is not much different from working with standard RS232 serial
devices and these two standards overcome deficiencies in the RS232 standard. First, the cable length
between two RS232 devices must be short; less than 50 feet at 9600 baud. Second, many RS232
errors are the result of noise induced on the cables. The RS422 standard permits cable lengths up to
5000 feet and, because it operates in the differential mode, it is more immune to induced noise.
Connections between two RS422 devices (with CTS ignored) should be as follows:
Device #1 Device #2
Signal Pin No. Signal Pin No.
Gnd 7 Gnd 7
TX+24 RX+12
TX-25 RX-13
RX+12 TX+24
RX-13 TX-25
Table A-1: Connections Between Two RS422 Devices
A third deficiency of RS232 is that more than two devices cannot share the same cable. This is also
true for RS422 but RS485 offers all the benefits of RS422 plus allows up to 32 devices to share the
same twisted pairs. An exception to the foregoing is that multiple RS422 devices can share a single
cable if only one will talk and the others will all receive.