ADTRAN TRACER User manual

TRACER®

Easy Steps

to Wireless

Solutions

QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE

WirelessLicense-freeDigitalMicrowaveRadios

TRACER Systems

TRACER 2603

■

CompactDual T11UhighBasebandProcessor(BBP)

■

Used in conjunction with TRACER 3000 Series radio

frequency converters (RFC)

■

Major (RF) and Minor (T1) alarms, front panel LEDs

■

TBOS management

■

In-band loopback capability

■

NEBS Level 3 and UL 1950 compliant

■

DC power connector

■

Optional AC adapter 100 VAC to 240 VAC, 50-60 Hz

■

System packages available: packages consist of a

2603 baseband processor, a TRACER 3000 Series

Radio Frequency Converter, and DS-1/DSX-1

interface cables

TRACER 2210/3202

■

Nx64 (N=1 to 24 DS0s) data radio

■

Compact 2210 Data Interface Unit (DIU)

provides a single V.35 interface for

connecting a DTE data device

■

Data rates from 56 Kbps to 1.536 Mbps

■

Mastmount Radio Interface Unit (RIU)

■

22 to 24 AWG twisted pair connection

between DIU and RIU

■

Ideal for LAN-to-LAN bridging, routing,

or videoconferencing

■

Easy to use front panel

configuration

TRACER 2631

■

Wireless T1 and IP router

■

Compact 1U high Baseband Processor (BBP)

■

10BaseT interface for LAN/WAN bridging

and IP routing

■

Independent T1 for voice or additional data

■

Used in conjunction with TRACER 3000 Series

radio frequency converters (RFC)

■

Ideal for LAN-to-LAN connectivity

■

Major(RF)andMinor(T1)alarms,frontpanelLEDs

■

DC power connector

■

Optional AC adapter 100 VAC to 240 VAC, 50-60 Hz

■

System packages available: packages consist of

a 2631 Baseband Processor, a TRACER 3000

Series Radio Frequency Converter, DS-1/DSX-1

interface cable, and a 10BaseT interface cable

TRACER 3000 Series

■

Radio Frequency Converter (RFC)

■

Used in conjunction with TRACER 2600 Series T1

and E1 Baseband Processors

■

Rackmount and mastmount versions available

■

Rackmount versions are 1U high

■

Rackmount configuration ideal for in-building installations

■

Mastmount versions are hermetically sealed

and weatherproofed for outdoor applications

■

2.4 GHz or 5.8 GHz versions available

■

TRACER 3100 - 2.4 GHz rackmount

TRACER 3101 - 2.4 GHz mastmount

TRACER 3200 - 5.8 GHz rackmount

TRACER 3201 - 5.8 GHz mastmount

TRACER 2602/2604

■

Dual E1 (2604) and single E1 (2602) 1U high

baseband processor

■

Used in conjunction with TRACER 3000 Series

Radio Frequency Converters (RFC)

■

License-free in many countries (Contact pre-sales

applications at 800-615-1176 for up-to-date

approval information)

■

Major (RF) and minor (E1) alarms, front-panel LEDs

■

DC power connector

■

Optional AC adapter 100 VAC to 240 VAC, 50-60 Hz

■

System packages available: packages consist of a

2602 or 2604 Baseband Processor and a TRACER

3000 Series Radio Frequency Converter

TRACER 4103/4203

■

Compact 1U high dual T1 microwave radio

■

Economical, integrated BBP, and RFC system

■

Ideal for enterprise point-to-point campus applications

■

Point-to-point up to 30 miles

■

License-free ISM band

■

2.4 GHz (4103) and 5.8 GHz (4203) versions available

■

Direct sequence spread-spectrum technology

■

VT100 management software provides single-entry point

management of remote units on back-to-back networks

■

RF maintenance channel is independent and does not

degrade T1 bandwidth

■

Major (RF) alarm, front panel LEDs

■

DC power connector

■

Optional AC adapter 100 VAC to 240 VAC, 50-60 Hz

Baseband Processors Radio Frequency Converters

Integrated Radio Systems

WirelessLicense-free DigitalMicrowave Radios

ADTRAN’sTRACER®is a license-freewirelessdigitaltransmissionsystem that deliversT1,E1,

or10BaseTinterfaces in point-to-point applications atrangesup to 30 miles.Providingdual

T1/E1at singleT1/E1 pricesmakesTRACERone of the most cost-effective alternatives for

wirelesstransmissiontoday. ADTRAN’sTRACER Series of wirelessproducts offers the industry’s

firstNEBSLevel3compliantspread-spectrumradio.AsauthorizedunderPart15.247oftheFCCrules,

TRACERoperatesinthe2.4to2.4835GHzand5.725to5.850GHzindustrial,scientific,andmedical

(ISM)band.TRACERequipmentcanoperatelicense-freeintheU.S.andmanyothercountries.

Peripheral Equipment

ExpertschooseADTRAN.

™

www.adtran.com

ADTRAN, Inc.

901 Explorer Blvd.

Huntsville, AL 35806

Pre-Sales Support

800.615.1176

www.adtran.com/support

[email protected]

ACES

888.874.ACES

www.adtran.com/support

[email protected]

For More Information

ADTRAN is an ISO 9001 registered company.

ADTRAN is a TL 9000 registered company.

TRACER is a registered trademark of ADTRAN, Inc. ADTRAN is

a trademark of ADTRAN, Inc. All other trademarks and registered

trademarks mentioned in this publication are the property of their

respective owners.

ADTRAN believes the information in this publication to be accurate

as of publication date, and is not responsible for errors. Content

subject to change without notice.

EN386A February 2002

Antennas

Grid Parabolic

Lightweight and easy to handle. Offers lower wind loading

compared to solid parabolic.

Solid Parabolic

Best performance for 2.4 and 5.8 GHz. May be used with

radome where ice and wind conditions require. All 5.8 GHz

antennas are solid.

Flat Panel

Suitable for many applications, particularly for installations

requiring an antenna that is aesthetically more pleasing than

a parabolic antenna, or when the depth of a parabolic may

prove prohibitive.

Yagi

Inexpensive, limited performance antenna.

Cables

RF Coax

Coaxial cable used to transport radio signals between the

Radio Frequency Converter and the antenna. Signal losses

vary depending on the size and quality of the coax, and the

radio frequency of the transmission.

IF Coax

Coaxial cable used to transport radio signal between the

Baseband Processor and the Radio Frequency Converter.

Because these signals are low in frequency, this cable may

be smaller in diameter, and less efficient than the RF coax.

Type N

A common connector used for radio applications. All TRACER

products, and most antenna, have Type N female connectors

as coaxial connections.

Lightning Arrestor

A protection device placed in the coaxial cable to protect the

radio and other system components from electrical surges

originating from the antenna side.

Waveguide

A device used in lieu of coax for transporting RF signals

between the Radio Frequency Converter and the antenna.

Waveguide is much more expensive and difficult to install

than coax.

TRACER®

Easy Steps

to Wireless

Solutions

QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE

WirelessLicense-freeDigitalMicrowaveRadios

TRACER Systems

TRACER 2603

■

CompactDual T11UhighBasebandProcessor(BBP)

■

Used in conjunction with TRACER 3000 Series radio

frequency converters (RFC)

■

Major (RF) and Minor (T1) alarms, front panel LEDs

■

TBOS management

■

In-band loopback capability

■

NEBS Level 3 and UL 1950 compliant

■

DC power connector

■

Optional AC adapter 100 VAC to 240 VAC, 50-60 Hz

■

System packages available: packages consist of a

2603 baseband processor, a TRACER 3000 Series

Radio Frequency Converter, and DS-1/DSX-1

interface cables

TRACER 2210/3202

■

Nx64 (N=1 to 24 DS0s) data radio

■

Compact 2210 Data Interface Unit (DIU)

provides a single V.35 interface for

connecting a DTE data device

■

Data rates from 56 Kbps to 1.536 Mbps

■

Mastmount Radio Interface Unit (RIU)

■

22 to 24 AWG twisted pair connection

between DIU and RIU

■

Ideal for LAN-to-LAN bridging, routing,

or videoconferencing

■

Easy to use front panel

configuration

TRACER 2631

■

Wireless T1 and IP router

■

Compact 1U high Baseband Processor (BBP)

■

10BaseT interface for LAN/WAN bridging

and IP routing

■

Independent T1 for voice or additional data

■

Used in conjunction with TRACER 3000 Series

radio frequency converters (RFC)

■

Ideal for LAN-to-LAN connectivity

■

Major(RF)andMinor(T1)alarms,frontpanelLEDs

■

DC power connector

■

Optional AC adapter 100 VAC to 240 VAC, 50-60 Hz

■

System packages available: packages consist of

a 2631 Baseband Processor, a TRACER 3000

Series Radio Frequency Converter, DS-1/DSX-1

interface cable, and a 10BaseT interface cable

TRACER 3000 Series

■

Radio Frequency Converter (RFC)

■

Used in conjunction with TRACER 2600 Series T1

and E1 Baseband Processors

■

Rackmount and mastmount versions available

■

Rackmount versions are 1U high

■

Rackmount configuration ideal for in-building installations

■

Mastmount versions are hermetically sealed

and weatherproofed for outdoor applications

■

2.4 GHz or 5.8 GHz versions available

■

TRACER 3100 - 2.4 GHz rackmount

TRACER 3101 - 2.4 GHz mastmount

TRACER 3200 - 5.8 GHz rackmount

TRACER 3201 - 5.8 GHz mastmount

TRACER 2602/2604

■

Dual E1 (2604) and single E1 (2602) 1U high

baseband processor

■

Used in conjunction with TRACER 3000 Series

Radio Frequency Converters (RFC)

■

License-free in many countries (Contact pre-sales

applications at 800-615-1176 for up-to-date

approval information)

■

Major (RF) and minor (E1) alarms, front-panel LEDs

■

DC power connector

■

Optional AC adapter 100 VAC to 240 VAC, 50-60 Hz

■

System packages available: packages consist of a

2602 or 2604 Baseband Processor and a TRACER

3000 Series Radio Frequency Converter

TRACER 4103/4203

■

Compact 1U high dual T1 microwave radio

■

Economical, integrated BBP, and RFC system

■

Ideal for enterprise point-to-point campus applications

■

Point-to-point up to 30 miles

■

License-free ISM band

■

2.4 GHz (4103) and 5.8 GHz (4203) versions available

■

Direct sequence spread-spectrum technology

■

VT100 management software provides single-entry point

management of remote units on back-to-back networks

■

RF maintenance channel is independent and does not

degrade T1 bandwidth

■

Major (RF) alarm, front panel LEDs

■

DC power connector

■

Optional AC adapter 100 VAC to 240 VAC, 50-60 Hz

Baseband Processors Radio Frequency Converters

Integrated Radio Systems

WirelessLicense-free DigitalMicrowave Radios

ADTRAN’sTRACER®is a license-freewirelessdigitaltransmissionsystem that deliversT1,E1,

or10BaseTinterfaces in point-to-point applications atrangesup to 30 miles.Providingdual

T1/E1at singleT1/E1 pricesmakesTRACERone of the most cost-effective alternatives for

wirelesstransmissiontoday. ADTRAN’sTRACER Series of wirelessproducts offers the industry’s

firstNEBSLevel3compliantspread-spectrumradio.AsauthorizedunderPart15.247oftheFCCrules,

TRACERoperatesinthe2.4to2.4835GHzand5.725to5.850GHzindustrial,scientific,andmedical

(ISM)band.TRACERequipmentcanoperatelicense-freeintheU.S.andmanyothercountries.

Peripheral Equipment

ExpertschooseADTRAN.

™

www.adtran.com

ADTRAN, Inc.

901 Explorer Blvd.

Huntsville, AL 35806

Pre-Sales Support

800.615.1176

www.adtran.com/support

[email protected]

ACES

888.874.ACES

www.adtran.com/support

[email protected]

For More Information

ADTRAN is an ISO 9001 registered company.

ADTRAN is a TL 9000 registered company.

TRACER is a registered trademark of ADTRAN, Inc. ADTRAN is

a trademark of ADTRAN, Inc. All other trademarks and registered

trademarks mentioned in this publication are the property of their

respective owners.

ADTRAN believes the information in this publication to be accurate

as of publication date, and is not responsible for errors. Content

subject to change without notice.

EN386A February 2002

Antennas

Grid Parabolic

Lightweight and easy to handle. Offers lower wind loading

compared to solid parabolic.

Solid Parabolic

Best performance for 2.4 and 5.8 GHz. May be used with

radome where ice and wind conditions require. All 5.8 GHz

antennas are solid.

Flat Panel

Suitable for many applications, particularly for installations

requiring an antenna that is aesthetically more pleasing than

a parabolic antenna, or when the depth of a parabolic may

prove prohibitive.

Yagi

Inexpensive, limited performance antenna.

Cables

RF Coax

Coaxial cable used to transport radio signals between the

Radio Frequency Converter and the antenna. Signal losses

vary depending on the size and quality of the coax, and the

radio frequency of the transmission.

IF Coax

Coaxial cable used to transport radio signal between the

Baseband Processor and the Radio Frequency Converter.

Because these signals are low in frequency, this cable may

be smaller in diameter, and less efficient than the RF coax.

Type N

A common connector used for radio applications. All TRACER

products, and most antenna, have Type N female connectors

as coaxial connections.

Lightning Arrestor

A protection device placed in the coaxial cable to protect the

radio and other system components from electrical surges

originating from the antenna side.

Waveguide

A device used in lieu of coax for transporting RF signals

between the Radio Frequency Converter and the antenna.

Waveguide is much more expensive and difficult to install

than coax.

A – Mounting Kit

B – RF Coax

C – RFC Mounting Bracket

D – Lightning Arrestor

E – IF Coax

F – RF Jumper

G –Optional IF Lightning

Arrestor

H – IF Jumper

I – Power

J – Grounding

RJ45

DSX-1

CPE

CPE DSX-1

A – Antenna Mounting

B– RF Coax

C – Lightning Arrestor

D– RF Jumper

E – IF Jumper

F – Power

G– Grounding

RJ45

DSX-1

CPE

CPE DSX-1

The end user, an ADTRAN Certified Wireless Dealer, or the ADTRAN ACES

organization can perform detailed site surveys for each wireless site. Here are the

key considerations:

Wireless Path

Identify the sites, preferably by latitude and longitude using a map or GPS.

If latitude and longitude are not available, the street addresses may suffice.

TRACER microwave systems require unobstructed Line of Sight (LOS).

❏Can you see the far end, with no obstructions?

❏Is there any possibility of trees that will grow tall enough to interfere?

❏Are there any plans to construct buildings in the path?

❏What is the distance between two sites? Curvature of the earth may affect

paths of more than seven miles

Antenna

The size and style of antenna will be application-dependent. Generally, it is best to

use the smallest antenna that will achieve the desired performance.

How high above the ground can an antenna be installed without using a tower?

Antennas can be mounted on roof, the side of a wall, pole or tower.

❏Does the customer have rooftop or tower permits?

❏For rooftop installations, will there be a need for structural improvements?

❏Are there any additional antennas located at this site?

Site Survey Checklist

Step2

It’ssimple!

Fourstepsensureasuccessfulwirelessinstallation.

A – Mounting Pipe

B – Antenna Braket

C – Wall Mounting

D – RF Coax

E – Lightning Arrestor

F – Grounding

G – RF Jumper

H – Power

RJ45

DSX-1

CPE

CPE DSX-1

ADTRAN®’s wireless products offer a direct alternative to copper-based circuits.

The first consideration is to define connectivity objectives, system requirements,

and cost benefits of the proposed solution.

Wireless solutions can address common scenarios:

Cross community, office park, water, or road – A traditional copper/fiber solution

may require construction (lengthy, and expensive). A wireless solution avoids the

costs and delays.

Provide access to remote locations – Extending landline communications into a

rural or remote location can be cost-prohibitive and time consuming. Wireless

links can be deployed quickly and at a fraction of wireline deployment costs.

Mobile or temporary communications – Special events, emergency communica-

tions, and temporary corporate expansion are ideal for wireless quick deployment.

Cross carrier boundary – Crossing carrier boundaries can be exceptionally

expensive, so a wireless alternative can offer cost-effective solutions.

Economical Alternative – In some locations, a wireless solution achieves a faster

payback and return on investment compared to equivalent landline connectivity.

Step 1 also includes matching the user’s equipment interfaces and bandwidth require-

ments with the appropriate ADTRAN TRACER wireless equipment.

ADTRAN ACES (ADTRAN Custom Extended Services)

For a turnkey job, the ADTRAN ACES group can provide all the necessary planning, site

surveys, equipment and installation, including the construction of a tower, if necessary.

ADTRAN Certified Wireless Dealer

These are wireless application experts that are located regionally throughout the

country. The customer can purchase TRACER and peripheral equipment from these

ADTRAN Partners. ADTRAN Certified Wireless Dealers will also perform all the plan-

ning, site survey, and installation of the wireless system to ensure a successful project.

Customer Installation

If the customer has radio systems expertise, a professional installation staff, and the

time and resources, all ADTRAN equipment and peripherals can be ordered from one

of ADTRAN’s Wireless Distributors or Certified Wireless Dealer partners.

Installation Type

There are three possible ADTRAN system configurations to consider.

These are shown in the example diagrams on the next panel. They

vary depending on the RFC installation.

Installation

Rackmount Mastmount

Options

(Wall, Roof, Pole, Tower)

RFC ❏❏

BBP ❏

TRACER 4000 ❏

This quick reference guide

organizes a TRACER wireless

solution into a step-by-step,

easy-to-follow process outlining

essential considerations for

every phase of your project.

Detailed planning guide:

www.adtran.com/tip

Step 2 Continued

RFC

Maximum system performance is achieved by installing the TRACER

RFC close to the antenna in order to reduce cable and connector losses.

Use the ADTRAN Link Analyzer software tool to calculate antenna size,

cabling, RFC location and overall path performance.

Cables, Power, Grounding, and Lightning Protection

❏Is there adequate equipment room and rack space?

❏How will antenna cabling enter the facility? Penetration

of walls/roofs will require permits and weatherproofing.

❏Ensure that power and grounding systems are available.

❏Plan for lightning arrestors to insulate radio equipment.

❏Define cable lengths.

Identify the Connectivity Application

ADTRAN Systems Configurations

Installation Options

Typical ADTRAN Wireless Systems

4000 Series

Integrated RFC

2600/3000

Mastmount RFC

2600/3000

Rackmount RFC

NOTE: The TRACER 4000

series provides an RFC

and BBP integrated

into a single unit and

is only available in rack-

mount configurations

There is a trade-off to

installing the RFC as

mastmount or rackmount.

Mastmount RFCs can

provide better overall

system performance but

may require climbing if

service is required. Well

designed rackmount

systems can provide

sufficient performance

and easy indoor access.

Step1

Step3

Step4

TRACER®

Easy Steps

to Wireless

Solutions

QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE

WirelessLicense-freeDigitalMicrowaveRadios

TRACER Systems

TRACER 2603

■

CompactDual T11UhighBasebandProcessor(BBP)

■

Used in conjunction with TRACER 3000 Series radio

frequency converters (RFC)

■

Major (RF) and Minor (T1) alarms, front panel LEDs

■

TBOS management

■

In-band loopback capability

■

NEBS Level 3 and UL 1950 compliant

■

DC power connector

■

Optional AC adapter 100 VAC to 240 VAC, 50-60 Hz

■

System packages available: packages consist of a

2603 baseband processor, a TRACER 3000 Series

Radio Frequency Converter, and DS-1/DSX-1

interface cables

TRACER 2210/3202

■

Nx64 (N=1 to 24 DS0s) data radio

■

Compact 2210 Data Interface Unit (DIU)

provides a single V.35 interface for

connecting a DTE data device

■

Data rates from 56 Kbps to 1.536 Mbps

■

Mastmount Radio Interface Unit (RIU)

■

22 to 24 AWG twisted pair connection

between DIU and RIU

■

Ideal for LAN-to-LAN bridging, routing,

or videoconferencing

■

Easy to use front panel

configuration

TRACER 2631

■

Wireless T1 and IP router

■

Compact 1U high Baseband Processor (BBP)

■

10BaseT interface for LAN/WAN bridging

and IP routing

■

Independent T1 for voice or additional data

■

Used in conjunction with TRACER 3000 Series

radio frequency converters (RFC)

■

Ideal for LAN-to-LAN connectivity

■

Major(RF)andMinor(T1)alarms,frontpanelLEDs

■

DC power connector

■

Optional AC adapter 100 VAC to 240 VAC, 50-60 Hz

■

System packages available: packages consist of

a 2631 Baseband Processor, a TRACER 3000

Series Radio Frequency Converter, DS-1/DSX-1

interface cable, and a 10BaseT interface cable

TRACER 3000 Series

■

Radio Frequency Converter (RFC)

■

Used in conjunction with TRACER 2600 Series T1

and E1 Baseband Processors

■

Rackmount and mastmount versions available

■

Rackmount versions are 1U high

■

Rackmount configuration ideal for in-building installations

■

Mastmount versions are hermetically sealed

and weatherproofed for outdoor applications

■

2.4 GHz or 5.8 GHz versions available

■

TRACER 3100 - 2.4 GHz rackmount

TRACER 3101 - 2.4 GHz mastmount

TRACER 3200 - 5.8 GHz rackmount

TRACER 3201 - 5.8 GHz mastmount

TRACER 2602/2604

■

Dual E1 (2604) and single E1 (2602) 1U high

baseband processor

■

Used in conjunction with TRACER 3000 Series

Radio Frequency Converters (RFC)

■

License-free in many countries (Contact pre-sales

applications at 800-615-1176 for up-to-date

approval information)

■

Major (RF) and minor (E1) alarms, front-panel LEDs

■

DC power connector

■

Optional AC adapter 100 VAC to 240 VAC, 50-60 Hz

■

System packages available: packages consist of a

2602 or 2604 Baseband Processor and a TRACER

3000 Series Radio Frequency Converter

TRACER 4103/4203

■

Compact 1U high dual T1 microwave radio

■

Economical, integrated BBP, and RFC system

■

Ideal for enterprise point-to-point campus applications

■

Point-to-point up to 30 miles

■

License-free ISM band

■

2.4 GHz (4103) and 5.8 GHz (4203) versions available

■

Direct sequence spread-spectrum technology

■

VT100 management software provides single-entry point

management of remote units on back-to-back networks

■

RF maintenance channel is independent and does not

degrade T1 bandwidth

■

Major (RF) alarm, front panel LEDs

■

DC power connector

■

Optional AC adapter 100 VAC to 240 VAC, 50-60 Hz

Baseband Processors Radio Frequency Converters

Integrated Radio Systems

WirelessLicense-free DigitalMicrowave Radios

ADTRAN’sTRACER®is a license-freewirelessdigitaltransmissionsystem that deliversT1,E1,

or10BaseTinterfaces in point-to-point applications atrangesup to 30 miles.Providingdual

T1/E1at singleT1/E1 pricesmakesTRACERone of the most cost-effective alternatives for

wirelesstransmissiontoday. ADTRAN’sTRACER Series of wirelessproducts offers the industry’s

firstNEBSLevel3compliantspread-spectrumradio.AsauthorizedunderPart15.247oftheFCCrules,

TRACERoperatesinthe2.4to2.4835GHzand5.725to5.850GHzindustrial,scientific,andmedical

(ISM)band.TRACERequipmentcanoperatelicense-freeintheU.S.andmanyothercountries.

Peripheral Equipment

ExpertschooseADTRAN.

™

www.adtran.com

ADTRAN, Inc.

901 Explorer Blvd.

Huntsville, AL 35806

Pre-Sales Support

800.615.1176

www.adtran.com/support

[email protected]

ACES

888.874.ACES

www.adtran.com/support

[email protected]

For More Information

ADTRAN is an ISO 9001 registered company.

ADTRAN is a TL 9000 registered company.

TRACER is a registered trademark of ADTRAN, Inc. ADTRAN is

a trademark of ADTRAN, Inc. All other trademarks and registered

trademarks mentioned in this publication are the property of their

respective owners.

ADTRAN believes the information in this publication to be accurate

as of publication date, and is not responsible for errors. Content

subject to change without notice.

EN386A February 2002

Antennas

Grid Parabolic

Lightweight and easy to handle. Offers lower wind loading

compared to solid parabolic.

Solid Parabolic

Best performance for 2.4 and 5.8 GHz. May be used with

radome where ice and wind conditions require. All 5.8 GHz

antennas are solid.

Flat Panel

Suitable for many applications, particularly for installations

requiring an antenna that is aesthetically more pleasing than

a parabolic antenna, or when the depth of a parabolic may

prove prohibitive.

Yagi

Inexpensive, limited performance antenna.

Cables

RF Coax

Coaxial cable used to transport radio signals between the

Radio Frequency Converter and the antenna. Signal losses

vary depending on the size and quality of the coax, and the

radio frequency of the transmission.

IF Coax

Coaxial cable used to transport radio signal between the

Baseband Processor and the Radio Frequency Converter.

Because these signals are low in frequency, this cable may

be smaller in diameter, and less efficient than the RF coax.

Type N

A common connector used for radio applications. All TRACER

products, and most antenna, have Type N female connectors

as coaxial connections.

Lightning Arrestor

A protection device placed in the coaxial cable to protect the

radio and other system components from electrical surges

originating from the antenna side.

Waveguide

A device used in lieu of coax for transporting RF signals

between the Radio Frequency Converter and the antenna.

Waveguide is much more expensive and difficult to install

than coax.