Analogic 2020 User manual

FEATURES
❑World’s Fastest Arbitrary Waveform
Generation – up to 800 MS/s
(1000 MS/s Optional)
❑Very High Resolution –
up to 12 bits at 100 MS/s
❑Math Equation Entry
❑Full Dynamic Range Independent of
Amplitude
❑Dynamic Looping Capabilities (2020)
❑Phase-locked Loop Capability for up to
Eight 2020s
❑Up to 2048k Points of Output Waveform
Memory
❑Non-volatile Waveform Equation Library
❑One-key Generation of Standard
Functions
❑Full Programmability for ATE via
IEEE or RS-232
❑DPCOM™ PC Software Utilities Support
APPLICATIONS
❑General Electronics Test
❑Magnetic and Optical Disk Drives
❑Avionics
❑Fiber Optics
❑Sonar and Radar
❑Mechanical Analysis
❑EMI/RFI Testing
❑Telecommunications
❑Acoustics and Speech
❑Video and HDTV
❑Medical and Ultrasonics Research
Models 2020/40/45
Polynomial Waveform Synthesizers
The Analogic Model 2020, 2040, and 2045 Polynomial Waveform
Synthesizers generate complex arbitrary waveforms directly from math-
ematical equations with unparalleled accuracy. With their front-panel
keypad for programming and equation entry, they offer full standalone
capability, unlike any other arbitrary waveform generator available.
These waveform generators can easily be integrated into practically any
computer-controlled test system via RS-232 or high-speed IEEE inter-
faces. No other single instrument can offer the performance or versatili-
ty of Analogic Polynomial Waveform Synthesizers.
The Model 2020 offers the most affordable solution to generating high-
speed, high-quality waveforms. Highly accurate output waves are pro-
duced with 12-bit vertical resolution, using 24-bit floating-point calcula-
tions and a 12-bit D/A converter (DAC). This vertical resolution is
maintained independently of output amplitude by scaling the waveform
to drive the full D/A range, and by adding up to 63 dB of attenuation, as
necessary, to produce the required output. The 2020 generates output
waves at speeds of up to 100 MHz.
Models 2040 and 2045 generate standard functions and arbitrary wave-
forms at very high speeds (up to 800 MHz) with point-to-point resolu-
tion as fine as 1.25 ns. Several times faster than previous arbitrary signal
generators, these instruments provide accurate simulations and thorough
testing at frequencies up to which only rough approximations were pre-
viously feasible. These synthesizers are especially effective for complex
radar and video signal simulations, and for testing high-density/high-
speed disk drives and digital fiber-optic communications links.
To make the world’s fastest waveform synthesizers even more power-
ful, the new Models 2040B and 2045B each have a 2 megasample out-
put memory that enables the generation of long, high-definition wave-
forms at high frequencies. With this capacity and outputs of up to 800
megasamples/second, the 2040B and 2045B offer unbeatable perfor-
mance in benchtop instrumentation and ATE.

High Performance
Analogic Polynomial Waveform Synthesizers produce
analog signal emulation with more accuracy than other
arbitrary signal generators. A waveform is synthesized
from thousands of data points that are precisely calculated
from a polynomial equation. This includes sums and prod-
ucts of trigonometric LOGs and exponential functions.
All fundamental operations are readily accessible from the
front keypad.
Although the 2020 has a standard 512k-point output
memory, two innovative techniques – Dynamic Looping
and Constant Compression – are used to ensure that mem-
ory space is not exhausted when generating long wave-
forms. Dynamic Looping allows production of periodic
waveforms using real-time looping through portions of
output memory. Because of Constant Compression, DC
values of any required duration use only a few words of
output memory. These methods enable the unit to gener-
ate a close approximation of the complex NTSC-7 com-
posite video test signal, using just a few thousand words
of memory.
To provide the full benefit of 800 MS/s synthesis, both the
2040 and 2045 provide a 1V output with a typical 1 GHz
bandwidth and 500 ps rise time, and 7 ns settling time to
within 1% of final value. The 2040 has a second output,
opposite in phase, for differential applications. The Model
2045 has a 5V output with a 200 MHz bandwidth, a pro-
grammable filter, an attenuator, and a DC offset source.
All outputs retain full 8-bit resolution over the specified
range of amplitude.
High-Speed, High-Quality Signals
These synthesizers guarantee high resolution and linearity
for signal amplitudes from millivolts to full scale by auto-
matically driving the output DAC over its full range and
attenuating the output to the required level. The resulting
wide dynamic range is not affected by even a large DC
offset, as the instrument adds this to the output from a sep-
arate 12-bit DAC. An output amplitude as large as 10V
p–p into 50Ωis available with absolute accuracy better
than 1%. The output doubles with a high-impedance load.
Arbitrary Waveform Generation Made Easy
Complex waveforms required for thorough, effective sim-
ulation and testing can be generated quickly and easily
using Math Equation Entry. With this method, hundreds
of waveform equations can be stored in a non-volatile
waveform equation library and quickly regenerated when
needed.
One instrument can replace a full rack of expensive signal
sources and conditioning gear, and can meet changing test
requirements with new easily defined waveforms.
Family of Polynomial Waveform Synthesizers
2020-25 2020-100 2040 2045
Max. Output Rate 25 MS/s 100 MS/s 800 MS/s 800 MS/s
Optional 1000 MS/s*Optional 1000 MS/s*
Analog Outputs 10V (2V p-p with Diff. Output Opt.) 1V True 5V
(Vp-p into 50Ω) 1V Complement 1V
Vertical Resolution 12 bits 8 bits 8 bits
Output Memory (#points) 64k up to 512k 128k or 512k 512k 512k
2048k (2040B) 2048k (2045B)
Equation Memory 30k or 78k 30k or 78k 78k 78k
Math Co-Processor Optional Standard
Systems Interface IEEE-488, with High-Speed DMA IEEE-488 with High-Speed DMA
or RS-232 (all optional) and RS-232 (standard)
* Contact factory for 1000 MS/s option

The exact waveform needed can be generated by keying in
a mathematical equation [Y = f(t)] that precisely describes
the waveform amplitude, frequency, shape and duration.
With a few more keystrokes, noise, glitches, and other
forms of distortion can be added to simulate virtually any
real-world signal. Function keys such as SIN, YX,
INTegral, LOG, and ARCTAN minimize the number of
keystrokes required. Mnemonics such as FOR, AT, and
TO simplify the description of complex, multi-segment
waveforms. Scientific notation and the metric prefixes M,
K, m, µ, and n not only ease numeric entry, they also allow
the equation to be written in the user’s language.
The waveforms illustrated in Figures 1 through 4 show
the creation of complex wave shapes by adding or multi-
plying ordinary math functions. These examples show the
relative ease of mathematically defining complex wave-
forms that precisely simulate natural phenomena. The
Analogic Model 2020 introduced Math Equation Entry to
the instrumentation marketplace, and has proven its versa-
tility and simplicity in a great variety of lab and manufac-
turing applications.
While Math Equation Entry enables the operator to pro-
duce nearly any desired waveform, several other methods
of definition are provided: computer download; data
download from the Model 6500 Waveform Analyzer,
standard functions with real-time menu control of ampli-
tude, symmetry, etc.; quantified noise added to a wave-
form; point and line segment entry; and scope draw for
waveform touchups.
Figure 1. Basic 10 kHz sine wave: F1 = SIN(10K*t)
Figure 2. Natural Transient envelope with peak at 1 ms: FOR
1m ARCSIN(a*t) FOR 1m ARCSIN(a*(1m–t)2). Where “m”
means millisecond and “a” determines envelope amplitude.
Figure 3. Product of sine wave and envelope of
Figures 1 and 2.
Figure 4. Sum of sine wave and envelope of Figures 1 and 2.

Flexibility in Creating Waveforms
While Math Equation Entry enables the operator to easily
produce nearly any desired waveform, the following
methods of definition are provided to suit particular user
needs and preferences.
Computer Download
Previously calculated and uploaded waveforms may be
quickly downloaded through the high-speed GPIB inter-
face. Analogic’s DPCOM software enables off-line cre-
ation and storage of an unlimited number of waveforms
that can be downloaded as needed.
Model 6500 Capture
Quite often it is necessary to reproduce a real-world wave-
form or transient glitch. This is easily accomplished using
the Analogic Model 6500 Waveform Analyzer to capture
the signal and download it to the synthesizer, after which
signal parameters may be varied for marginal testing.
Point and Line Segment Entry
Output waveforms may be constructed point by point or,
where linear interpolation is adequate, by the specification
of the linear endpoints only.
Scope Draw
Any waveform in Output Memory can be displayed on an
oscilloscope and edited point by point. It is also useful for
adding special glitches or cleaning up a captured waveform.
Sophisticated Systems Capabilities
For automation in lab and production test environments,
RS-232 and IEEE-488 communications and versatile rear-
panel timing capabilities are provided. Units can be syn-
chronized with each other through their external clock and
trigger inputs and Sync and programmable Marker out-
puts. For example, the Model 2020 features phase-locked
loop clocking of a master and up to 8 slave units.
Analogic Polynomial Waveform Synthesizers can repro-
duce virtually any waveform equation, algorithm, or cap-
tured signal required for testing. For additional flexibility,
several synthesizers may run in unison, providing multiple
signals of a different nature for situations with complex
timing diagrams that require high speeds and/or high
fidelities. The parameters may be the same or totally dif-
ferent, allowing for independent parameter margining and
analysis. Adding the Model 6500 Waveform Analyzer to
the test system allows phase synchronous stimulus and
capture/analysis using external clocking from a common
source.
Amplitude Modulation is Mathematically
Precise
SIN(X)/X Function is Useful for Signals as
well as Envelopes
Spoken Vowel “e” was Downloaded from the
Model 6100 Analyzer; also Log Spectrum and
Linear Cepstrum

SPECIFICATIONS
Models 2020 & 2000 Model 2045 Model 2040
Analog Output High level output with attenuator,
Configuration offset, and noise source • Low level output • True low level output
• High level output with attenuator • Inverted low level output
and offset
Data Point Update Rate 100 MHz on Version 100 800 MHz down to 50 Hz (1.25 ns to 20 ms/point)
Internal Clock 25 MHz on Version 25 Accuracy: ± 0.005% @ ≤100 MHz, ±0.025% @ > 100 MHz
0.0015 Hz min. (687s) Jitter: < 15 ps RMS @ > 3 MHz, <75 ps RMS @ < 3 MHz
Accuracy: 50 ppm Optional 1000 MS/s using External Clock
Frequency resolution: ≤0.05%
External Clock DC to 100 MHz on Version 100 50 to 250 MHz with EXT CLK
DC to 25 MHz on Version 25 50 to 800 MHz with ECL CLK
ANALOG OUTPUTS Models 2020 & 2000 High Level Output Low Level Output(s)
(Model 2045 only) (2045 & 2040)
Analog Resolution 12 bits 8 bits 8 bits with output 0.5 to 1V p-p
Maximum Amplitude 10V p-p into 50Ω, 20V p-p open circuit 5V p-p into 50Ω, 10V p-p open circuit 1V p-p into 50Ω, 2V p-p open circuit
Amplitude Range 10V to 5 mV p-p in 0.024% steps, 5V to 3 mV p-p in 0.024% steps with 1V to 0.5V p-p in <0.3 mV steps with
with waveform resolution preserved waveform resolution preserved waveform resol. preserved
Amplitude Accuracy ± 1% ± 3% ± 2% at 0.8V p-p output, ± 3% at 1V,
(attenuator accuracy: ± 1% ) Model 2040 (±4%, Model 2045)
Non-Linearity ± 0.025% integral < 0.22% differential < 0.22% differential
< 1% integral < 0.44% integral
DC Drift ± (0.06% of p-p signal + 0.2 mV)/°C ± 2.0 mV/°C ± 0.4 mV/°C
DC Offset Control (user 0 to ± 5V in 1.25 mV steps 0 to ± 3.5V in 2 mV steps 0 to ± 0.5V; Accuracy: ± 2% at
selected or internally Accuracy: ± 2% ± 10 mV Accuracy: ± 2% ± 10 mV 1V p-p output, Model 2040
compared) ±(0.8% x waveform peak-peak) (± 4%, 2045) ± 3 mV
Output Compliance — — -1.4 to 1.1V with ext. applied offset
FS Step Response
Rise and Fall Time < 10 ns < 2.2 ns, DC offset = 0 ±2V < 500 ps
(10-90%) < 3.3 ns, DC offset = 0 ±3.5V
Overshoot < 1% < 3% < 7%
Settling Time < 60 ns to within 1% of final value < 50 ns to within 2% of final value < 7 ns to within 1% of final value
Amplitude Flatness ± 0.1 dB from DC to 500 kHz ± 0.24 dB from DC to 1 MHz ± 0.2 dB from DC to 10 MHz
± 1.5 dB to 25 MHz ± 0.5 dB, 1–10 MHz ± 1.0 dB, 10–100 MHz
–3 dB to 35 MHz ± 1.0 dB, 10–30 MHz ± 2.0 dB, 100–200 MHz
± 2.5 dB, 30–100 MHz
Output Bandwidth > 35 MHz > 160 MHz, 200 MHz typical > 700 MHz, 1000 MHz typical
Output Low-Pass Filters 20 kHz to 20 MHz selectable 2 or 20 MHz selectable —
Sinewave Purity < –60 dBc below 100 kHz < –40 dBc, DC to 10 MHz < –46 dBc, DC to 10 MHz
(harmonic amplitude < –50 dBc below 1 MHz < –30 dBc, 10–30 MHz < –25 dBc, 10–30 MHz
and spurious signals) < –40 dBc below 3.125 MHz, < –20 dBc, 30–100 MHz < –15 dBc, 30–100 MHz
Version 25 (DC offset = 0 ± 2V; (at higher frequencies aliased
< –35 dBc below 6.25 MHz, for offset > 2V add 10 dBc) spectra are dominant)
Version 100
< 0.5 mV RMS, < 4 mV pk at max. < (0.1% Vo p-p + 0.6 mV) RMS < 1.5 mV RMS
Residual Noise signal output < (0.2% Vo p-p + 4 mV) p-p < 6 mV p-p
DAC Glitch Energy < 500 mV-ns for clock ≥40 ns < 125 pV-s at max. signal output level < 25 pV-s
< 750 mV-ns for clock < 40 ns 2.5 ns effective width, typ. 0.5 ns effective width, typ.
at max. signal output level
5 to 10 ns effective width
Output Impedance 50Ω± 2%, active; >10 MΩ, inactive 50Ω± 10% 50Ω± 10%
Output Protection No damage from a short circuit or Indefinite short circuit to ground Up to ± 100 mA externally applied
connection of 125 VAC at 50/60 Hz (clamping diodes at ± 2V)
Models 2020 and 2000 Models 2040 and 2045
MEMORY & PROCESSING
Waveform Output Up to 512K 16-bit data points, segmentable to 512K data points (2048K, B version),
Memory (RAM) hold multiple downloaded waveforms segmentable to hold multiple downloaded waveforms

Maximum Waveform LengthDynamic (Repeat) Looping, up to 32,767 times, and 512k data points
DCdata compression for waveforms exceeding (2048k, B version)
output memory length
Minimum Waveform Length8 Data points on Version 25 64 Data points
16 Data points on Version 100
Waveform Equation Memory30 kbytes non-volatile, expandable to 78k 78 kbytes non-volatile
(Stores waveform 1280 characters maximum file length 1280 characters maximum file length
descriptions by filename)
Waveform Equation Memory Retention: >2 years with supplied lithium batteries and a 50% power-on duty cycle
Memory Retention (provision is made for field replacement with more conventional Alkaline batteries)
AUXILIARY INPUTS/OUTPUTS (Menu driven setup)
External Clock Input DCto max. update rate of version DCto 800 MHz update rate
External Trigger Input Trigger Modes: Free Run, Manual, Triggered Start, Trigger Modes: Free Run, Manual, Triggered Start,
Triggered Stop, Gated by Trigger, and Triggered Triggered Stop, Gated by Trigger, and Triggered
Start/Stop Start/Stop; Delay: < (40 ns + 2 clock periods); Jitter:
Delay: < 100 ns +1 clock period < (100 ps + 1 clock period).
Jitter: < 10 ns
Trigger and External Clock Threshold: 0V or 1V; Slope: plus or minus; Threshold: 0V or 1.5V; Slope: plus or minus;
Input Parameters Impedance: 1 MΩ|| 25 pF; Sensitivity: ±500mV Impedance: 10 kΩ|| 50 pF; Sensitivity: ±500 mV
about selected threshold; Maximum input: ±30V; about selected threshold; Maximum input: ±30V;
Marker Output Negative transition at waveform start, positive Positive pulse at user selected Mark Time or Mark
transition at Mark Time or Mark Count (TTL, Count from start of waveform; Pulse duration:
10 unit loads) 32 data point clocks (TTL, drives a grounded 50Ωload)
Sync Output Positive pulse at waveform start (TTL, 10 unit loads) Positive pulse at waveform start; Pulse duration: 32 data
point clocksTTL, drives a grounded 50Ωload)
Multi-Unit Synchronization Via phase locked internal clocks and ganged trigger Via auxiliary inputs and outputs
functions in a Master/Slave configuration, up to 8
units, with rear panel adjustments for cable delays
Digital Waveform Output 16 bits plus clock, simultaneous with Analog Output; —
TTL on Version 25; ECL (diff.) on Version 100 (opt.)
REMOTE INSTRUMENT CONTROL
Interface Optional IEEE-488 and/or RS-232 Standard IEEE-488 and RS-232
Transfer Data Rates IEEE-488: 2 kbytes/s standard IEEE-488: 300 kbytes/s using High Speed DMA
300 kbytes/s with High Speed DMA opt. RS-232: up to 9600 baud
RS-232: up to 9600 baud
WAVEFORM GENERATION MODES
Mathematical By Front Panel entry or by remote communications
(Polynomial) Notation
Standard Functions By Front Panel entry or by remote communications: Standard Functions include sine wave,
square wave, pulse, triangle, sawtooth, and random noise
Internal Noise Source Pseudo-random white noise with a normal Random noise with approx. normal amplitude
amplitude distribution; Cycle time: 168 seconds distribution can be added to waveforms in memory,
Bandwidth: 0.006 Hz to selectable 20 kHz, 200 kHz, with selectable noise amplitude, bandwidth, seed
or 2 MHz; Maximum Amplitude (RMS): 2.7V for 2 MHz(starting point), and signal+noise amplitude. Signal
BW, 0.95V for 200 kHz BW, 0.31V for 20 kHz BW may be repeated in memory so different noise
Amplitude range: 60 dB in 1 dB steps values occur over each signal cycle.
Direct Waveform Data Via IEEE-488 or RS-232
Download
Captured Data ReproductionWith Analogic Model 6100 or 6500 Waveform Analyzer (except Model 2000)
Scope Draw with Cursor For point by point waveform editing
Control
GENERAL
Specification Conditions 0 to 40°C operating temperature; 50Ωresistive termination on both analog outputs, unless specified otherwise;
Open circuit output will double (±5%) in amplitude, but with some degradation in high frequency/speed perfor-
mance
Power Requirements 90-130 VACor 180-260 VACat 48-62 Hz; 90-130 VACor 180-260 VACat 48-62 Hz; 200W max
100W max
Dimensions 5.5"H x 16.5"W x 17"D (13.97 x 41.91 x 43.18 cm) 5.5"H x 16.5"W x 17"D (13.97 x 41.91 x 43.18 cm)
Weight 25 lb (11.3 kg) 25 lb (11.3 kg)