Anritsu ME7840A User manual

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MODEL
ME7840A
POWER AMPLIFIER TEST SYSTEM
OPERATION AND
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
490 JARVIS DRIVE - MORGAN HILL, CA 95037-2809 P/N: 10410-00225
REVISION: B
PRINTED: APRIL 2001
COPYRIGHT 2000 ANRITSU CO

WARRANTY
The ANRITSU product(s) listed on the title page is (are) warranted against defects in materials and
workmanship for three years from the date of shipment.
ANRITSU’s obligation covers repairing or replacing products which prove to be defective during the
warranty period. Buyers shall prepay transportation charges for equipment returned to ANRITSU for
warranty repairs. Obligation is limited to the original purchaser. ANRITSU is not liable for consequential
damages.
LIMITATION OF WARRANTY
The foregoing warranty does not apply to ANRITSU connectors that have failed due to normal wear. Also,
the warranty does not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by the Buyer,
unauthorized modification or misuse, or operation outside of the environmental specifications of the
product. No other warranty is expressed or implied, and the remedies provided herein are the Buyer’s sole
and exclusive remedies.
TRADEMARK ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
V Connector and K Connector are registered trademarks of ANRITSU Company.
GPC-7 is a registered trademark of Amphenol Corporation.
Ink Jet and Think Jet are registered trademarks of Hewlett-Packard Co.
MS-DOS is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
NOTICE
ANRITSU Company has prepared this manual for use by ANRITSU Company personnel and customers
as a guide for the proper installation, operation and maintenance of ANRITSU Company equipment and
computer programs. The drawings, specifications, and information contained herein are the property of
ANRITSU Company, and any unauthorized use or disclosure of these drawings, specifications, and
information is prohibited; they shall not be reproduced, copied, or used in whole or in part as the basis for
manufacture or sale of the equipment or software programs without the prior written consent of ANRITSU
Company.

Safety Symbols
To prevent the risk of personal injury or loss related to equipment malfunction, ANRITSU Company uses
the following symbols to indicate safety-related information. For your own safety, please read the informa-
tion carefully BEFORE operating the equipment.
Symbols used in manuals
DANGER This indicates a very dangerous procedure that could result in serious
injury or death if not performed properly.
WARNING This indicates a hazardous procedure that could result in serious in-
jury or death if not performed properly.
CAUTION This indicates a hazardous procedure or danger that could result in
light-to-severe injury, or loss related to equipment malfunction, if
proper precautions are not taken.
Safety Symbols Used on Equipment and in Manuals
(Some or all of the following five symbols may or may not be used on all ANRITSU equipment. In addition,
there may be other labels attached to products that are not shown in the diagrams in this manual.)
The following safety symbols are used inside or on the equipment near operation locations to provide infor-
mation about safety items and operation precautions. Ensure that you clearly understand the meanings of
the symbols and take the necessary precautions BEFORE operating the equipment.
This indicates a prohibited operation. The prohibited operation is indi-
cated symbolically in or near the barred circle.
This indicates a compulsory safety precaution. The required operation
is indicated symbolically in or near the circle.
This indicates warning or caution. The contents are indicated symboli-
cally in or near the triangle.
This indicates a note. The contents are described in the box.
These indicate that the marked part should be recycled.
ME7840A OMM Safety 1

Safety 2 ME7840A OMM
Always refer to the operation manual when working near locations at
which the alert mark, shown on the left, is attached. If the operation,
etc., is performed without heeding the advice in the operation manual,
there is a risk of personal injury. In addition, the equipment perfor-
mance may be reduced.
Moreover, this alert mark is sometimes used with other marks and de-
scriptions indicating other dangers.
WARNING
When supplying power to this equipment, connect the accessory 3-pin
power cord to a 3-pin grounded power outlet. If a grounded 3-pin outlet
is not available, use a conversion adapter and ground the green wire, or
connect the frame ground on the rear panel of the equipment to ground.
If power is supplied without grounding the equipment, there is a risk of
receiving a severe or fatal electric shock.
WARNING
This equipment can not be repaired by the operator. DO NOT attempt to
remove the equipment covers or to disassemble internal components.
Only qualified service technicians with a knowledge of electrical fire
and shock hazards should service this equipment. There are
high-voltage parts in this equipment presenting a risk of severe injury
or fatal electric shock to untrained personnel. In addition, there is a
risk of damage to precision components.
WARNING
Repair
For Safety
Use two or more people to lift and move this equipment, or use an
equipment cart. There is a risk of back injury, if this equipment is lifted
by one person.
WARNING

Table of Contents
Chapter 1 General Information
SCOPE OF THIS MANUAL...............................1-3
INTRODUCTION ....................................1-3
RELATED MANUALS .................................1-3
RELATED LITERATURE................................1-4
CONVENTIONS.....................................1-4
SERIAL NUMBER ...................................1-4
ONLINE MANUALS ..................................1-4
PATS SYSTEM OVERVIEW ..............................1-5
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION..............................1-5
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION ................................1-8
DRA Scorpion ....................................1-8
MS4782X Test Set..................................1-8
Connectors and Ports ...............................1-10
K FACTOR .......................................1-10
ADAPTIVE P STOP ..................................1-12
MS7840A OPTIONS ..................................1-12
OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES..............................1-12
CHANGES IN VERSION 1.11 SOFTWARE .....................1-13
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ...........................1-14
USER SUPPLED TEST SET .............................1-14
PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS.........................1-14
RECOMMENDED ITEMS...............................1-16
USER SUPPLIED ITEMS ...............................1-16
Chapter 2 Installation
INTRODUCTION ....................................2-3
EQUIPMENT COMPLEMENT .............................2-3
UNPACKING and INSPECTION............................2-3
INSTALLATION - HARDWARE ............................2-4
INSTALLATION - SOFTWARE.............................2-9
Installation .....................................2-9
ME7840A OMM i

What else is on the CD?...............................2-9
Uninstalling the software..............................2-9
SERVICE CENTERS..................................2-10
Chapter 3 Operations, General
INTRODUCTION ....................................3-3
PREPARING THE SYSTEM ..............................3-3
Unused Connections ................................3-4
USING PA Navigator SOFTWARE ...........................3-6
Software
Organization.....................................3-6
COLLATERAL FUNCTIONS ..............................3-7
File..........................................3-7
Help .........................................3-9
Tools ........................................3-10
Chapter 4 Operations, Calibration
INTRODUCTION ....................................4-3
OPERATION, GENERAL ................................4-3
TEST EQUIPMENT...................................4-3
GENERAL ........................................4-3
Chapter 5 Operations, Measurement
INTRODUCTION ....................................5-3
OPERATION, GENERAL ................................5-3
MEASUREMENT CALIBRATION ...........................5-3
S-PARAMETER TESTS .................................5-4
S-PARAMETER TEST: K FACTOR...........................5-7
POWER SWEEP, TWO TONE.............................5-10
Single Frequency Power Sweep ..........................5-10
Overlay Power Sweep ...............................5-14
POWER SWEEP, ONE TONE .............................5-17
Single Frequency Power Sweep ..........................5-17
IMD...........................................5-21
HARMONICS .....................................5-24
HOTS22........................................5-27
ACPR ..........................................5-31
CW Measurements.................................5-31
Power Sweep Measurements ...........................5-34
ii ME 7840A OMM

Chapter 6 Performance Verification Procedure
INTRODUCTION ....................................6-3
CONVENTIONS.....................................6-3
TEST
EQUIPMENT ......................................6-3
SOURCE OUTPUT ACCURACY ............................6-4
Setup: ........................................6-4
Test Procedure ...................................6-4
RETURN LOSS CONFIDENCE TEST.........................6-5
Setup.........................................6-5
Test Procedure: ...................................6-6
SYSTEM DYNAMIC RANGE .............................6-8
Test Procedure: ...................................6-8
RECEIVER DISPLAY LINEARITY ..........................6-10
Setup:........................................6-10
Chapter 7 Preamplifier Operations
INTRODUCTION ....................................7-3
USE OF EXTERNAL PREAMPLIFIERS........................7-3
Alternative 1 ....................................7-3
Alternative 2 ....................................7-3
ME7840A OMM iii/iv

Table of Contents
SCOPE OF THIS MANUAL...............................1-3
INTRODUCTION ....................................1-3
RELATED MANUALS .................................1-3
RELATED LITERATURE................................1-4
CONVENTIONS.....................................1-4
SERIAL NUMBER ...................................1-4
ONLINE MANUALS ..................................1-4
PATS SYSTEM OVERVIEW ..............................1-5
HARDWARE DESCRIPTION..............................1-5
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION ................................1-8
DRA Scorpion ....................................1-8
MS4782X Test Set..................................1-8
Connectors and Ports ...............................1-10
K FACTOR .......................................1-10
ADAPTIVE P STOP ..................................1-12
MS7840A OPTIONS ..................................1-12
OPTIONAL ACCESSORIES..............................1-12
CHANGES IN VERSION 1.11 SOFTWARE .....................1-13
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE ...........................1-14
USER SUPPLED TEST SET .............................1-14
PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS.........................1-14
RECOMMENDED ITEMS...............................1-16
USER SUPPLIED ITEMS ...............................1-16
Chapter 1
General Information

Figure 1-1. Model ME7840A Power Amplifier Test System (PATS)

Chapter 1
General Information
1-1 SCOPE OF THIS
MANUAL This manual provides operating and maintenance information for the ME7840A Power Amplifier Test System (PATS, Figure 1-1). The follow-
ing topics are discussed:
qEquipment Description
qEquipment Installation and Connection
qSoftware Description
qSoftware Installation
qCalibration
qSystem Operation
qTest Procedures and Test Results Interpretation
qSystem Performance Verification
The procedures described in this manual presume a working knowledge
of vector network analyzers and RF power amplifier testing procedures.
Refer to the other manuals supplied with the ME7840A (see below) for
more detailed explanations of the system equipment and procedures.
1-2 INTRODUCTION This chapter provides information to familiarize the user with the basic
ME7840A Power Amplifier Test System. Included is information about re-
lated manuals, and the available models and options.
1-3 RELATED
MANUALS The ME7840A manual set consists of the following manuals: The operat- ing and programming manuals are supplied with the equipment; the
maintenance manuals are optional items that may be purchased.
Manual Description ANRITSU Part Number
ME7840A Operating & Maintenance Manual
(OMM) 10410-00225
MS462XX Operating Manual (OM) 10410-00203
MS462XX Programming Manual (PM) 10410-00204
MS462XX Maintenance Manual (MM) 10410-00205 (Optional)
MS4782X Test Set Maintenance Manual (MM) 10410-00218 (Optional))
ME7840A OMM 1-3

1-4 RELATED LITERATURE There are a number of marketing brochures and related application notes
available for the Power Amplifier Test System and the MS462XX VNMS.
Refer to Table 1-1 for a listing and part numbers. Most of these items are
available from our Internet site (www.us.anritsu.com) or can be ordered
via email from AKA Direct ([email protected]).
1-5 CONVENTIONS Throughout this manual, the ME7840A Power Amplifier System may be
referenced as PATS or ME7840A; the MS462XC may be referenced as
Scorpion or MS462XC; and the MS4782X Test Set may be referenced as
Test Set or MS4782X.
1-6 SERIAL NUMBER All ANRITSU instruments are assigned a unique six-digit serial number,
such as “940101.” This number is affixed to a decal on the rear panel of
each unit. In any correspondence with ANRITSU Customer Service,
please use this number.
1-7 ONLINE MANUALS This manual is available on CD ROM as an Adobe Acrobat™ (*.pdf) file
and is included in a pocket on the inside front cover.. The file can be
viewed using Acrobat Reader™, a free program that is also available on
the CD ROM. This file is “linked” such that the viewer can choose a topic
to view from the displayed “bookmark” list and “jump” to the manual
page on which the topic resides. The text can also be word-searched.
RELATED LITERATURE GENERAL INFORMATION
1-4 ME 7840A OMM
Literature Part Number
Brochures and Data Sheets
Scorpion Data Sheet/Brochure 11410-00212
AutoCal Brochure 11410-00189
PATS Datasheet 11410-00239
Application Notes
PATS Adjacent Channel Power Ratio
(ACPR) 11410-00264
Scorpion Noise Figure 11410-00210
Scorpion Noise Figure Accuracy 11410-00227
Scorpion Intermodulation Distortion 11410-00213
Scorpion Harmonics 11410-00222
Scorpion Frequency Translated Group De-
lay 11410-00236
Literature Part Number
Scorpion Global Power Sweep 11410-00243
Scorpion Multiple Source Control 11410-00244
Reflectometer Measurements-Revisited 11410-00214
Time Domain for VNAs 11410-00206
AutoCal 11410-00258
Software
Scorpion Command Encyclopedia 2300-364
Power Tools 2300-218
LabView Drivers 2300-358
Exact Uncertainty 2300-361
Demonstration Kits
Scorpion Demo Kit SC6287
Table 1-1. Related Manuals, Literature, and Software for MS462XX/ME7840A

1-8 PATS SYSTEM
OVERVIEW The ANRITSU ME7870A Power Amplifier Test System (PATS) is in- tended for the measurement and real-time graphical display of the follow-
ing parameters of a power amplifier in the frequency range of 800 to 2400
MHz:
qS-Parameters including Hot S22
qK Factor
qGain Compression and Phase Distortion
qIntermodulation Distortion
qHarmonics
qDrain Current and Power Added Efficiency (PAE)
qAdjacent Channel Power Ratio (ACPR)
PATS is designed to facilitate alignment, tuning and pass/fail testing of
the components, modules and subassemblies of a power amplifier as well
as the completed amplifier.
1-9 HARDWARE
DESCRIPTION The ME7840A hardware (Figure 1-1) consists of a MS462XC, Direct Re- ceiver Access (DRA) Scorpion, a MS4782X Test Set, a customer supplied
Personal Computer (PC), and an optional current probe (refer to Chapter
2, Figure 2-4 ). The MS462XC is available in two frequency ranges: 10
MHz to 3 GHz or 10 MHz to 6 GHz.
The Test Set is available in two configurations, as described in Table 1-2
The MS4782D is standard, and the MS4782A is Option 2. A block dia-
gram of the PATS is shown in Figure 1-2 and the Option 2 system in Fig-
ure 1-3.
GENERAL INFORMATION PATS SYSTEM OVERVIEW
ME7840A OMM 1-5
Model Frequency Range
(MHz) Max AUT Power Output (Watts) Reverse Measurements (S22, Hot S22,S
12 Possible) Circulator
(at AUT Output Path)
MS4782A 800 to 1000 50 Yes Internal
MS4782D 800 to 2400
(Note 1) 100 (Note 2) Yes External
Notes:
1. This frequency range does not account for any restricting effects caused by use of external circulator.
2. This Max AUT power assumes a minimum isolation of 23 dB provided by external circulator(s). Two circulators may have to
be used to provide the required isolation.
Table 1-2. Test Set Configurations

HARDWARE DESCRIPTION GENERAL INFORMATION
1-6 ME 7840A OMM
AUT
POWER
METER
OPTIONAL
SPECTRUM
ANALYZER
SYSTEM
CONTROLLER
(PC)
RF1
STEP
ATTENUATOR
70dB, 10dB/step
POWER
SUPPLY
COMBINER
RF2
OPTIONAL
MODULATION
SYNTHESIZER
-30dB
-30dB
-30dB
OPTIONAL
EXTERNAL
PRE-AMP
NN
LIMITER
N
K
N
N
NKKKN
N
MS 462XC DIRECT RECEIVER
ACCESS
SCORPION
MS4782D Test Set
EXT I/O
SOURCE 2 SOURCE 1
STEP
ATTENUATORS
70dB, 10dB/step
RF3
FORWARD
REVERSE
TRANSFER
SWITCH
RECEIVERS
CURRENT PROBE
ANALOG IN
GPIB
GPIB
CONTROL
LINES
OPTIONAL
EXTERNAL
PREAMPLIFIERS
-30dB
100 W
TERMINATION
EXTERNAL
CIRCULATOR
NN S
Rear Test Port 1 Test Port 2
Ext
Source
S
S
SSS S
S
S
C3
C2
C1
Indicates coax
j
umper in the as-shipped confi
g
uration
a1a2
b1b2
Figure 1-2. Overall Functional Block Diagram of the Basic Power Amplifier Test System (PATS) with MS4782D Test Set

GENERAL INFORMATION HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
ME7840A OMM 1-7
AUT
POWER
METER
OPTIONAL
SPECTRUM
ANALYZER
SYSTEM
CONTROLLER
(PC)
RF1 a1a2
b1b2
STEP
ATTENUATOR
70dB, 10dB/step
POWER
SUPPLY
COMBINER
RF2
OPTIONAL
MODULATION
SYNTHESIZER
-30dB
-30dB
-30dB
OPTIONAL
EXTERNAL
PRE-AMP
N
N
LIMITER
NK
K
K
KKN
N
NKKKN
N
DIRECT RECEIVER
ACCESS
SCORPION
MS478A Test Set
EXT I/O
SOURCE 2 SOURCE 1
STEP
ATTENUATORS
70dB, 10dB/step
RF3
FORWAR
D
REVERSE
TRANSFER SWITCH
RECEIVERS
CURRENT PROBE
ANALOG IN
GPIB
GPIB
CONTROL
LINES
OPTIONAL
EXTERNAL
PREAMPLIFIERS
-30dB
HIGH POWER
TERMINATION
N
NK
K
Indicates coax
j
umper in the as-shipped confi
g
uration
Figure 1-3. Overall Functional Block Diagram of the Option 2 Power Amplifier Test System (PATS) with MS4782A Test
Set

1-10 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The Power Amplifier Test System (PATS) consists of the MS462xC Direct
Receiver Access Scorpion, the MS4782x Power Amplifier Test Set and a li-
brary of external measurement software. PATS software (now also called
“Scorpion PA Navigator™”) orchestrates calibration and performs mea-
surement on power amplifiers in the 800-2400 MHz range. Modules exist
for S-Parameters, K-Factor, IMD, Single tone power sweep, Two tone
power sweep, Harmonics, Hot S22 and ACPR. Pats software runs best on
Win95/NT/2000 and needs a National Instruments GPIB controller (pre-
fer NI-488.2 software version 1.7 or higher and NI VISA version 2.5 or
higher), and Scorpion firmware version 1.11 or higher.
DRA Scorpion The Scorpion Direct Receiver Access (DRA) version Vector Network Mea-
surement System (VNMS) (Figure 1-2) functions under control of the soft-
ware residing in the PC through GPIB commands. The software supports
tuning and alignment operations by generating real time graphic displays
of the measured data on the PC screen.
Under software control, 3rd,5
th and 7th order IMD products can be mea-
sured and displayed. Also, the Upper and Lower Side Band (USB & LSB)
components of the IMD products are measured and displayed separately.
The DRA Scorpion includes the following capabilities:
qTwo internal, independent RF sources. Each source has a range of
–15 dBm to +10 dBm. A 0dB to 70dB step attenuator (10 dB / step)
is provided for each source resulting in a Power Output range of
–85 dBm to +10 dBm from each source.
qComplete built-in capability for IMD measurements. A combiner is
provided in the Test Set.
qInternal Transfer Switch enabling S22 and Hot S22 measurements.
The reflectometer set-up is provided in the Test Set.
qDirect access to each of the four receiver channels (two reference
channels and two test channels) for maximum flexibility in measur-
ing forward and reverse S-parameters over a wide range of AUT
output power. The Test Set provides incident and reflected signal
separation.
MS4782X Test Set The Series MS4782X Test Set contains a Wilkinson type combiner that
combines the two RF signals from Ports 1 and 3 (RF1 & RF3) of the Scor-
pion. External preamplifiers can optionally be provided at the combiner
input to boost the input RF power to the amplifier-under- test (AUT).
The output of the combiner is fed to a source selection switch that enables
one of the following to be applied to the AUT:
qThe combined signal from the Scorpion sources.
qA modulated signal from an optional external modulation synthe-
sizer.
SYSTEM DESCRIPTION GENERAL INFORMATION
1-8 ME 7840A OMM
CAUTION
The combiner has power in-
put rating of 30-Watts maxi-
mum when terminated with a
VSWR of 1.2:1. For an open
or short at the combiner out-
put,thecombinerinputpower
ratingis0.5Wattsmaximum.

A provision for the insertion of an optional external pre-amplifier (after
the combiner and source selection switch) is also provided. Refer to Chap-
ter 7, “Preamplifier Operations,” for details.
The test set includes a bi-directional coupler at the input of the AUT that
separates the incident signal from the reflected signal. The power rating
of this bi-directional coupler is 100 watts average. The –30 dB portion of
the incident and reflected signals are applied to the Scorpion reference
port a1 and test port b1, respectively, for S11 measurement. The S11 mea-
surement determined by the DRA Scorpion is simply the ratio of the re-
flected signal to the incident signal.
The amplified output of the AUT is fed to a high power coupler in the test
set. The power rating of this coupler is also 100-watts average. The –30
dB coupled arm of this coupler is routed to the test port b2of the Scorpion
througha6dBresistive divider and a 0-dB to 70-dB step attenuator
(10dB/step). A limiter is also provided in this path provide added protec-
tion for the Scorpion reference channel .
The divider enables the connections of a power meter or Spectrum Ana-
lyzer, when desired, to measure the AUT b2output.
The through arm of the 100-W coupler is routed to a high power
(100-Watt) termination through a circulator. In the MS4782A Test Set,
the circulator is internal and has a rating of 100 watts average. This
circulator has an isolation specification of 20-dB minimum. This means
that the AUT output power is attenuated by 20 dB (plus other losses) be-
fore reaching the Scorpion port 2. Since the maximum (no-damage) power
level for this port is 27 dBm (0.5 watt), this establishes the maximum
AUT output power at 50 watts.
In the MS4782D Test Set, the circulator is external as shown in Figure
1-2. In selecting an external circulator, the following criteria should be
used.
qPower rating: Should be no less than the power output of the ampli-
fier-under-test (AUT). It should be noted that a 100 watt termina-
tion is provided in the Test Set for the termination port of the exter-
nal circulator.
qBandwidth: Should be sufficiently wide to cover the frequency band
of the AUT.
qIsolation: Should be no less than (Po-27 dB), where Pois the
power output in dBm of the AUT. Thus for Po = 47 dBm (50 watts),
a 20 dB isolation is required. For a Pogreater than 47 dBm up to 50
dBm (100 watts), two circulators in series can be used.
Where S22 or Hot S22 measurements are not required, power amplifiers
with up to 100 watts average output power can be tested with the
MS4782D Test Set without any circulator by connecting the through arm
of the output coupler directly to the 100 watt termination (Port C1 con-
nected to Port C2 on the rear. The unit is shipped from the factory with
this loop jumper.)
GENERAL INFORMATION SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
ME7840A OMM 1-9

For S22 measurements, the transfer switch located within the Scorpion
routes the source 1 output signal to the output port of the AUT via Port 2
(RF2) of the Scorpion. A separate 100-watt coupler in the test set applies
the –30 dB portion of this incident signal to the Scorpion reference port
a2. The –30 dB portion of the signal reflected from the AUT output port is
applied to the Scorpion test port b2by means of the AUT output coupler.
The PATS calibration is performed with the test set in place, at the con-
nectors where AUT will be connected directly. Therefore, the test set com-
ponents and cables are included in the calibration loop and their effects
are calibrated out, resulting in correct and accurate measurements of the
AUT.
The software supplied by ANRITSU supports operator control of the
source selection switch and step attenuator in the test set. This control is
achieved through the parallel TTL control lines available at the Scorpion
rear panel “External I/O” connector. The GPIB commands from the PC to
the Scorpion set the TTL control lines to the desired states.
Connectors and
Ports On the front panel of the Model MS4622/3C DRA Scorpion three Type N
(female) connectors are provided for Ports 1, 2 and 3.
Port 1 provides RF source 1 when the transfer switch is in the forward
position, and is terminated in 50 ohms to ground when the transfer
switch is in the reverse position.
Port 2 provides RF source 1 when the transfer switch is in the reverse po-
sition, and is terminated in 50 ohms to ground when the transfer switch
is in the forward position.
Port 3 is allocated to RF source 2. Under independent control, port 3 pro-
vides RF source 2, or is terminated in 50 ohms to ground.
On the rear of the unit, four SMA connectors (Figure 1-4) are provided for
Reference ports a1and a2and Test Ports b1and b2. The front of the unit
as well as all other mechanical specifications is the same as the model
MS4623B.
On the MS4782D Test Set, three additional SMA connectors provide for
connecting an external circulator. If reverse measurements (S22 and Hot
S22) are not desired, then a circulator is not required. Instead, a through
line should be connected between connectors C1 and C2 (Figure 1-5). The
MS4782A is shipped from the factory with this through line in place.
1-11 K FACTOR K factor is a parameter which is sometimes used to indicate the stability
of an amplifier. K factor is a function of all four S parameters and is de-
fined by the formula
KSS
SS
=--+1
2
11 222 22
11 21
D
Where
K FACTOR GENERAL INFORMATION
1-10 ME 7840A OMM
CAUTION
Connecting the external
circulator incorrectly or
placing a direct connection
between C1 and C3 on
MS4782D rear panel will
cause permanent damage
to MS462XC.

GENERAL INFORMATION K FACTOR
ME7840A OMM 1-11
Noise
In
Noise
+28V
NO OPERATOR SERVICE-
ABLE PARTS INSIDE.
REFER SERVICING TO
QUALIFIED PERSONNEL.
WARNING
CAUTION
FOR CONTINUED FIRE
PROTECTION REPLACE
ONLY WITH SPECIFIED
TYPE AND RATED FUSE.
IEEE 488.2
GPIB
Dedicated
GPIB
Serial Port Ethernet VGA SCSI-2
Ext
Analog
Output
Ext
Trigger
LPT Line Printer Ext I/O
Ext Analog
In Ext Source Ext 10 MHz
In
47-440 Hz
85-264VAC
REPLACE FUSE ONLYWITH
SAME TYPE AND RATING
CAUTION
DO NOT OPERATE
WITH POWER CORD
UNGROUNDED
N274
a1
ab
ab
11
22
b1b2
a2
Figure 1-4. MS462XC Rear Panel Showing Ports a1,a
2,b 1, and b2
NO OPERATOR SERVICE-
ABLE PARTS INSIDE.
REFER SERVICING TO
QUALIFIED PERSONNEL.
WARNING
FOR CONTINUED FIRE
PROTECTION REPLACE
ONLY WITH SPECIFIED
TYPE AND RATED FUSE
CAUTION
DO NOT OPERATE
WITH POWER CORD
UNGROUNDED
CAUTION
LINE INPUT
85-240 VAC
47-63 Hz
100 VA max
FUSE 250 V 1.6 A T
Control
In
Output Input
Ext Preamp
N274
External
Circulator
100W
Termination
(Internal)
AUT
Test Port 2
b2 To a2
To
VNMS
Port 2
50 dBm
Max
50 dBm
Max
27 dBm
Max
a1a2b1b2
C3 C2C1
C1 C3 C2
Figure 1-5. MS4782A Rear Panel Showing Circulator Connections C1, C2, and C3