AOI Quantum12 Operating instructions

13139 Jess Pirtle Boulevard, Sugar Land, TX 77478 | T: 281.295.1800
Quantum12 1.2GHz System Amplifier
INSTALLATION AND OPERATION GUIDE

QUANTUM12 1.2GHz SYSTEM AMPLIFIER | Installation and Operation Guide
For Your Safety
2
For Your Safety

QUANTUM12 1.2GHz SYSTEM AMPLIFIER | Installation and Operation Guide
For Your Safety
3
EXPLANATION OF WARNING AND CAUTION ICONS
Avoid personal injury and product damage! Do not proceed beyond any symbol until you fully
understand the indicated conditions.
The following warning and caution icons alert you to important information about the safe operation of
this product:
You may find this symbol in the document that accompanies this
product. This symbol indicates important operating or maintenance
instructions.
You may find this symbol affixed to the product. This symbol
indicates a live terminal where a dangerous voltage may be
present; the tip of the flash points to the terminal device.
You may find this symbol affixed to the product. This symbol
indicates a protective ground terminal.
You may find this symbol affixed to the product. This symbol
indicates a chassis terminal (normally used for equipotential
bonding).
You may find this symbol affixed to the product. This symbol
warns of a potentially hot surface.
You may find this symbol affixed to the product and in this
document. This symbol indicates an infrared laser that transmits
intensity-modulated light and emits invisible laser radiation or an
LED that transmits intensity-modulated light.
IMPORTANT
Please read this entire guide. If this guide provides installation or operation instructions, give particular
attention to all safety statements included in this guide.

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Notices
Notices

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Notices
TRADEMARK ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
AOI, the AOI logo, Applied Optoelectronics, the AOI logo, and Quantum Bandwidth are
trademarks or registered trademarks of Applied Optoelectronics, Inc. and / or its affiliates in the
U.S. and certain other countries.
All other trademarks mentioned in this document are the property of their respective
owners.
PUBLICATION DISCLAIMER
Applied Optoelectronics, Inc., assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions that may appear in this
publication. We reserve the right to change this publication at any time without notice. This document
is not to be construed as conferring by implication, estoppel, or otherwise any license or right under
any copyright or patent, whether or not the use of any information in this document employs an invention
claimed in any existing or later issued patent.
COPYRIGHT
©2024 Applied Optoelectronics, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America.
Information in this publication is subject to change without notice. No part of this publication may be
reproduced or transmitted in any form, by photocopy, microfilm, xerography, or any other means, or
incorporated into any information retrieval system, electronic or mechanical, for any purpose, without
the express permission of Applied Optoelectronics, Inc

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Table of Contents
Table of Contents
FOR YOUR SAFETY ................................................................................................... 2
NOTICES .................................................................................................................... 4
IMPORTANT SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS .................................................................... 10
1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 18
Description ..................................................................................................................................... 20
Components ............................................................................................................................................................ 20
Quantum12 Amplifier Characteristics ....................................................................................................................... 20
Power Supply........................................................................................................................................................... 21
Input and Output Ports............................................................................................................................................. 21
Configuration ........................................................................................................................................................... 22
Test Points ............................................................................................................................................................... 22
AC Shunt Power Directors ....................................................................................................................................... 22
Accessories ............................................................................................................................................................. 22
Ordering Information ................................................................................................................................................ 22
Illustrations ..................................................................................................................................... 23
System Amplifier Test Points .................................................................................................................................... 23
High Gain Dual Accessories..................................................................................................................................... 23
High Gain Balanced Triple Accessories.................................................................................................................... 24
Block Diagrams .............................................................................................................................. 25
High Gain Dual ........................................................................................................................................................ 25
High Gain Balanced Triple ....................................................................................................................................... 25
2. INSTALLATION AND CONFIGURATION ........................................................ 26
Before You Begin ........................................................................................................................... 28
Required Tools......................................................................................................................................................... 28
Torque Specifications............................................................................................................................................... 28
Amplifier Module Cover............................................................................................................................................ 29
Module and Housing Compatibility ........................................................................................................................... 29
Housing Dimensions ................................................................................................................................................ 29
Opening the Amplifier Housing ...................................................................................................... 30
To Open the Amplifier Housing................................................................................................................................. 30
Upgrading Existing Housing Seizures............................................................................................ 31

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Table of Contents
To Install the New Housing Seizures ........................................................................................................................ 31
Upgrading an Existing Housing Lid................................................................................................ 32
To Install the New Housing Lid ................................................................................................................................. 32
Installing the Power Supply............................................................................................................ 34
To Install the Power Supply Module ......................................................................................................................... 34
To Set the AC Undervoltage Lockout Selector.......................................................................................................... 35
Attaching the Coaxial Connectors.................................................................................................. 37
To Trim the Center Conductor .................................................................................................................................. 37
To Connect the Coaxial Cable Pin Connector to the Amplifier Housing..................................................................... 37
Installing the Housing..................................................................................................................... 39
To Install the Housing on a Strand (Aerial) ............................................................................................................... 39
To Install the Housing in a Pedestal ......................................................................................................................... 40
Installing Accessories..................................................................................................................... 41
To Install Attenuator Pads ........................................................................................................................................ 41
To Install Equalizers ................................................................................................................................................. 42
To Replace the Crowbar Surge Protector ................................................................................................................. 43
To Replace the Diplexer ........................................................................................................................................... 44
To Replace the Low Pass Filter Trim (LPFT) ............................................................................................................ 45
To Install the Plug-in Signal Director (High Gain Dual Only) ..................................................................................... 46
Installing the Amplifier Module ....................................................................................................... 48
To Install the Amplifier Module.................................................................................................................................. 48
Removing the Amplifier Module from the Housing......................................................................... 51
To Remove the Amplifier Module.............................................................................................................................. 51
Removing and Installing AC Shunt Power Directors...................................................................... 53
To Remove and Install AC Shunt Power Directors.................................................................................................... 53
Closing the Amplifier Housing ........................................................................................................ 55
To Close the Amplifier Housing ................................................................................................................................ 55
Torquing Sequence .................................................................................................................................................. 55
3. BALANCING AND SETUP .............................................................................. 56
Preparing for Forward Path Balancing........................................................................................... 58
Understanding Switch S1 Functions......................................................................................................................... 58
To Verify the Input Signal Level ................................................................................................................................ 61
Balancing the Forward Path........................................................................................................... 63

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Table of Contents
To Select the Forward Path Balancing Procedure .................................................................................................... 63
Forward Path Balancing for AGC Stations Using Manual Setup Mode ..................................................................... 63
Forward Path Balancing for AGC Stations Using Thermal Setup Mode .................................................................... 70
Forward Path Balancing for Thermal Stations Using Amplifier Only Compensation Mode ........................................ 76
Forward Path Balancing for Thermal Stations Using Amplifier and Coax Compensation Mode................................. 78
Forward Path Balancing Using Trim Networks ......................................................................................................... 81
Balancing the Reverse Path .......................................................................................................... 83
About Reverse Path Balancing ................................................................................................................................ 83
To Prepare the Amplifier for Reverse Path Balancing ............................................................................................... 84
To Calculate the Proper RF Signal Level.................................................................................................................. 85
To Complete Reverse Path Balancing ...................................................................................................................... 87
4. TROUBLESHOOTING .................................................................................... 89
Equipment ...................................................................................................................................... 91
No AC Power.................................................................................................................................. 92
No AC Power Troubleshooting Table........................................................................................................................ 92
No DC Power ................................................................................................................................. 94
No DC Power Troubleshooting Table........................................................................................................................ 94
No Forward RF Signal.................................................................................................................... 95
No Forward RF Signal Troubleshooting Table .......................................................................................................... 95
Low or Degraded Forward RF Signal ............................................................................................ 96
Low or Degraded Forward RF Signal Troubleshooting Table.................................................................................... 96
No Reverse RF Signal ................................................................................................................... 97
No Reverse RF Signal Troubleshooting Table .......................................................................................................... 97
Low or Degraded Reverse RF Signal ............................................................................................ 98
Low or Degraded Reverse RF Signal Troubleshooting Table.................................................................................... 98
5. CUSTOMER SUPPORT INFORMATION ........................................................ 100
APPENDIX A: TECHNICAL INFORMATION ............................................................ 102
“Linear” Tilt Charts........................................................................................................................ 104
Amplifier Output “Linear” Tilt Chart for 1.2 GHz ...................................................................................................... 104
Amplifier Output “Linear” Tilt Chart for 1 GHz......................................................................................................... 104
Amplifier Output “Linear” Tilt Chart for 870 MHz..................................................................................................... 105
Forward Cable Equalizer Charts.................................................................................................. 106
1.2 GHz Forward Cable Equalizer Loss Chart ........................................................................................................ 106

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Table of Contents
1 GHz Forward Cable Equalizer Loss Chart........................................................................................................... 107
870 MHz Forward Cable Equalizer Loss Chart....................................................................................................... 108
Reverse Cable Equalizer Charts.................................................................................................. 109
42 MHz and 40 MHz Reverse Cable Equalizer Loss Chart..................................................................................... 109
42 MHz and 40 MHz Thermal Reverse Cable Equalizer Loss at 25°C Ambient .......................................................110
Inverse Cable Equalizer Charts ................................................................................................... 111
1.2 GHz Forward Inverse Cable Equalizer Loss Chart ............................................................................................ 111
1 GHz / 870 MHz Forward Inverse Cable Equalizer Loss Chart ..............................................................................112
GLOSSARY............................................................................................................. 113

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Important Safety Instructions
Important Safety
Instructions

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Important Safety Instructions
READ AND RETAIN INSTRUCTIONS
Carefully read all safety and operating instructions before operating this equipment, and retain them for
future reference.
FOLLOW INSTRUCTIONS AND HEED WARNINGS
Follow all operating and use instructions. Pay attention to all warnings and cautions in the operating
instructions, as well as those that are affixed to this equipment.
TERMINOLOGY
The terms defined below are used in this document. The definitions given are based on those found in
safety standards.
Service Personnel:
The term service personnel applies to trained and qualified
individuals who are allowed to install, replace, or service electrical
equipment. The service personnel are expected to use their
experience and technical skills to avoid possible injury to
themselves and others due to hazards that exist in service and
restricted access areas.
User and Operator:
The terms user and operator apply to persons other than service
personnel.
Ground(ing) and
Earth(ing):
The terms ground(ing) and earth(ing) are synonymous. This
document uses ground(ing) for clarity, but it can be interpreted as
having the same meaning as earth(ing).
ELECTRIC SHOCK HAZARD
This equipment meets applicable safety standards.
WARNING:
To reduce risk of electric shock, perform only the instructions that
are included in the operating instructions. Refer all servicing to
qualified service personnel only.
Electric shock can cause personal injury or even death. Avoid direct contact with dangerous voltages
at all times.
Know the following safety warnings and guidelines:
Only qualified service personnel are allowed to perform equipment installation or replacement.
Only qualified service personnel are allowed to remove chassis covers and access any of the
components inside the chassis.

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Important Safety Instructions
EQUIPMENT PLACEMENT
WARNING:
Avoid personal injury and damage to this equipment. An unstable
mounting surface may cause this equipment to fall.
To protect against equipment damage or injury to personnel, comply with the following:
Install this equipment in a restricted access location (access restricted to service personnel).
Make sure the mounting surface or rack is stable and can support the size and weight of this
equipment.
STRAND (AERIAL) INSTALLATION
CAUTION:
Be aware of the size and weight of strand-mounted equipment
during the installation operation.
Ensure that the strand can safely support the equipment’s weight.
PEDESTAL, SERVICE CLOSET, EQUIPMENT ROOM OR UNDERGROUND VAULT
INSTALLATION
WARNING:
Avoid the possibility of personal injury. Ensure proper handling /
lifting techniques are employed when working in confined spaces
with heavy equipment.
Ensure this equipment is securely fastened to the mounting surface or rack where necessary
to protect against damage due to any disturbance and subsequent fall.
Ensure the mounting surface or rack is appropriately anchored according to manufacturer’s
specifications.
Ensure the installation site meets the ventilation requirements given in the equipment’s data
sheet to avoid the possibility of equipment overheating.
Ensure the installation site and operating environment is compatible with the equipment’s
International Protection (IP) rating specified in the equipment’s data sheet.
CONNECTING TO UTILITY AC POWER
IMPORTANT: If this equipment is a Class I equipment, it must be grounded.
If this equipment plugs into an outlet, the outlet must be near this equipment, and must be
easily accessible.
Connect this equipment only to the power sources that are identified on the equipment-rating
label, which is normally located close to the power inlet connector(s).

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Important Safety Instructions
This equipment may have two power sources. Be sure to disconnect all power sources before
working on this equipment.
If this equipment does not have a main power switch, the power cord connector serves as the
disconnect device.
Always pull on the plug or the connector to disconnect a cable. Never pull on the cable itself.
CONNECTION TO NETWORK POWER SOURCES
Refer to this equipment’s specific installation instructions in this manual or in companion manuals in
this series for connection to network ferro-resonant AC power sources.
AC POWER SHUNTS
AC power shunts may be provided with this equipment.
IMPORTANT: The power shunts (where provided) must be removed before installing modules into a powered
housing. With the shunts removed, power surge to the components and RF-connectors is reduced.
CAUTION:
RF connectors and housing seizure assemblies can be damaged if
shunts are not removed from the equipment before installing or
removing modules from the housing.
GROUNDING (UTILITY AC POWERED EQUIPMENT IN PEDESTALS, SERVICE
CLOSETS, ETC.)
This section provides instructions for verifying that the equipment is properly grounded.
Safety Plugs (USA Only)
This equipment is equipped with either a three-terminal (grounding-type) safety plug or a two-terminal
(polarized) safety plug. The wide blade or the third terminal is provided for safety. Do not defeat the
safety purpose of the grounding-type or polarized safety plug.
To properly ground this equipment, follow these safety guidelines:
1. GROUNDING-TYPE PLUG
For a three-terminal plug (one terminal on this plug is a protective grounding pin), insert the
plug into a grounded mains, three-terminal outlet.
NOTE: This plug fits only one way. If this plug cannot be fully inserted into the outlet, contact an
electrician to replace the obsolete three-terminal outlet.
2. POLARIZED PLUG
For a two-terminal plug (a polarized plug with one wide blade and one narrow blade), insert the
plug into a polarized mains, two-terminal outlet in which one socket is wider than the other.
NOTE: If this plug cannot be fully inserted into the outlet, try reversing the plug. If the plug still fails
to fit, contact an electrician to replace the obsolete two-terminal outlet.

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Important Safety Instructions
Grounding Terminal
If this equipment is equipped with an external grounding terminal, attach one end of an 18-gauge wire
(or larger) to the grounding terminal; then, attach the other end of the wire to a ground, such as a
grounded equipment rack.
Safety Plugs (European Union)
1. CLASS I MAINS POWERED EQUIPMENT
Provided with a three-terminal AC inlet and requires connection to a three-terminal mains
supply outlet via a three-terminal power cord for proper connection to the protective ground.
NOTE: The equipotential bonding terminal provided on some equipment is not designed to function
as a protective ground connection.
2. CLASS II MAINS POWERED EQUIPMENT
Provided with a two-terminal AC inlet that may be connected by a two-terminal power cord to
the mains supply outlet. No connection to the protective ground is required as this class of
equipment is provided with double or reinforced and / or supplementary insulation in addition
to the basic insulation provided in Class I equipment.
NOTE: Class II equipment, which is subject to EN 50083-1, is provided with a chassis mounted
equipotential bonding terminal. See the section titled Equipotential Bonding for connection
instructions.
EQUIPOTENTIAL BONDING
If this equipment is equipped with an external chassis terminal marked with the IEC 60417-5020 chassis
icon ( ), the installer should refer to CENELEC standard EN 50083-1 or IEC standard IEC 60728-11
for correct equipotential bonding connection instructions.
GENERAL SERVICING PRECAUTIONS
WARNING:
Avoid electric shock! Opening or removing this equipment’s cover
may expose you to dangerous voltages.
CAUTION:
These servicing precautions are for the guidance of qualified
service personnel only. To reduce the risk of electric shock, do not
perform any servicing other than that contained in the operating
instructions unless you are qualified to do so. Refer all servicing to
qualified service personnel.

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Important Safety Instructions
Be aware of the following general precautions and guidelines:
1. SERVICING
Servicing is required when this equipment has been damaged in any way, such as power
supply cord or plug is damaged, liquid has been spilled or objects have fallen into this
equipment, this equipment has been exposed to rain or moisture, does not operate normally,
or has been dropped.
2. WRISTWATCH AND JEWELRY
For personal safety and to avoid damage of this equipment during service and repair, do not
wear electrically conducting objects such as a wristwatch or jewelry.
3. LIGHTNING
Do not work on this equipment, or connect or disconnect cables, during periods of lightning.
4. LABELS
Do not remove any warning labels. Replace damaged or illegible warning labels with new ones.
5. COVERS
Do not open the cover of this equipment and attempt service unless instructed to do so in the
instructions. Refer all servicing to qualified service personnel only.
6. MOISTURE
Do not allow moisture to enter this equipment.
7. CLEANING
Use a damp cloth for cleaning.
8. SAFETY CHECKS
After service, assemble this equipment and perform safety checks to ensure it is safe to use
before putting it back into operation.
ELECTROSTATIC DISCHARGE
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) results from the static electricity buildup on the human body and other
objects. This static discharge can degrade components and cause failures.
Take the following precautions against electrostatic discharge:
Use an anti-static bench mat and a wrist strap or ankle strap designed to safely ground ESD
potentials through a resistive element.
Keep components in their anti-static packaging until installed.
Avoid touching electronic components when installing a module.

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Important Safety Instructions
FUSE REPLACEMENT
To replace a fuse, comply with the following:
Disconnect the power before changing fuses.
Identify and clear the condition that caused the original fuse failure.
Always use a fuse of the correct type and rating. The correct type and rating are indicated on
this equipment.
BATTERIES
This product may contain batteries. Special instructions apply regarding the safe use and disposal of
batteries:
Safety
Insert batteries correctly. There may be a risk of explosion if the batteries are incorrectly
inserted.
Do not attempt to recharge ‘disposable’ or ‘non-reusable’ batteries.
Please follow instructions provided for charging ‘rechargeable’ batteries.
Replace batteries with the same or equivalent type recommended by manufacturer.
Do not expose batteries to temperatures above 100°C (212°F).
Disposal
The batteries may contain substances that could be harmful to the environment.
Recycle or dispose of batteries in accordance with the battery manufacturer’s instructions and
local / national disposal and recycling regulations.
The batteries may contain perchlorate, a known hazardous substance, so special handling and
disposal of this product might be necessary. For more information about perchlorate and best
management practices for perchlorate-containing substance, see:
www.dtsc.ca.gov/hazardouswaste/perchlorate
MODIFICATIONS
This equipment has been designed and tested to comply with applicable safety, laser safety, and EMC
regulations, codes, and standards to ensure safe operation in its intended environment. Refer to this
equipment's data sheet for details about regulatory compliance approvals.
Do not make modifications to this equipment. Any changes or modifications could void the user’s
authority to operate this equipment.

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Important Safety Instructions
Modifications have the potential to degrade the level of protection built into this equipment, putting
people and property at risk of injury or damage. Those persons making any modifications expose
themselves to the penalties arising from proven non-compliance with regulatory requirements and to
civil litigation for compensation in respect of consequential damages or injury.
ACCESSORIES
Use only attachments or accessories specified by the manufacturer.
ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
This equipment meets applicable electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) regulatory requirements. Refer
to this equipment's data sheet for details about regulatory compliance approvals. EMC performance is
dependent upon the use of correctly shielded cables of good quality for all external connections, except
the power source, when installing this equipment.
Ensure compliance with cable / connector specifications and associated installation instructions
where given elsewhere in this manual.
EMC COMPLIANCE STATEMENTS
Where this equipment is subject to USA FCC and / or Industry Canada rules, the following statements
apply:
FCC Statement for Class A Equipment
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device,
pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection
against harmful interference when this equipment is operated in a commercial environment.
This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used
in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case
users will be required to correct the interference at their own expense.
Industry Canada - Industrie Canadiene Statement
This apparatus complies with Canadian ICES-003.
Cet appareil est confome à la norme NMB-003 du Canada.
CENELEC / CISPR Statement with Respect to Class A Information Technology
Equipment
This is a Class A equipment. In a domestic environment this equipment may cause radio interference
in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.

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Introduction
1.
1.
Introduction
In this Chapter…
DESCRIPTION .......................................................................................................... 20
ILLUSTRATIONS...................................................................................................... 23
BLOCK DIAGRAMS .................................................................................................. 25
Document Version
This is the first release of this guide.

QUANTUM12 1.2GHz SYSTEM AMPLIFIER | Installation and Operation Guide
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Introduction
1.
OVERVIEW
The Quantum12 Broadband Amplifier Platform includes a variety of RF amplifiers that address the
divergent needs of today's broadband networks. All Quantum12 amplifiers provide superior two-way
performance and reliability combined with a user-friendly layout.
This chapter introduces the Quantum12 1.2GHz System Amplifier and describes its main components,
configuration options, and accessories.
PURPOSE
This guide provides instructions for installing, configuring, setting up, and troubleshooting the
Quantum12 1.2GHz System Amplifier.
WHO SHOULD USE THIS DOCUMENT
This document is intended for authorized service personnel who have experience working with similar
equipment. The service personnel should have appropriate background and knowledge to complete
the procedures described in this document.
QUALIFIED PERSONNEL
WARNING:
Allow only qualified and skilled personnel to install, operate,
maintain, and service this product. Otherwise, personal injury or
equipment damage may occur.
Only appropriately qualified and skilled personnel should attempt to install, operate, maintain, and
service this product.
SCOPE
This guide discusses the following topics:
Description of the Quantum12 1.2GHz System Amplifier.
Installing and configuring the amplifier.
Balancing and setup of amplifier forward and reverse signal paths.
Troubleshooting the amplifier.
Customer support information.
Descriptions of configuration options and accessories.

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Introduction
1.
Description
The Quantum12 1.2GHz System Amplifier is available in the following amplifier types:
High Gain Dual (HGD)
High Gain Balanced Triple (HGBT)
The Quantum12 1.2GHz System Amplifier is available in the following reverse path splits:
42/54 MHz
85/102 MHz
204/258 MHz
Components
All Quantum12 1.2GHz amplifiers are composed of two sections: a base and a lid. The lid houses the
power supply, optical interface board, fiber management tray, two optical receivers, and one optical
transmitter. The lid section is interchangeable among Quantum12 1.2GHz amplifiers. See the
appropriate product documentation for more information.
The base section of all Quantum12 1.2GHz amplifiers is unique. The base houses the amplifier printed
circuit board (PCB), and may also contain one or more of the following:
Reverse Amplifier Board
Amplifier Cover
The following chapters describe these components along with the amplifier modules.
Quantum12 Amplifier Characteristics
Quantum12 1.2GHz System Amplifier modules have following characteristics:
EQ and plug-in couplers / splitters have the same footprint as existing products.
Spring loaded seizure assemblies allow coax connectors to be installed or removed without
removing amplifier chassis or spring-loaded mechanism from the rear of the housing base.
-20 dB test points, located electrically outside of the diplex filter, provide for testing of forward
output signals and reverse input signals without disrupting normal operation.
Backward compatibility with existing Quantum12 System Amplifier housing bottoms provides
reduced upgrade costs.
Housing lids offered with or without external test point.
Room for optional status monitoring transponder in housing lid.
Direct module plug-in to the housing provides superior amplifier heat sinking.