Apache Labs ANAN-G2 User manual

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openHPSDR
ANAN-G2
User Guide
OpenHPSDR radio
With Saturn SDR

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This document contains the words Apache, ANDROMEDA, SATURN, ANAN in reference to the
Apache Labs Transceiver products.
http://www.apache-labs.com
In cooperation with G8NJJ, N1GP,VK6PH, NRØV, W5WC, K5SO, LA2NI, and the OpenHPSDR
Hardware and Software Projects http://openhpsdr.org
All images and manufacturer data is copied here with permission of the owner Apache Labs
Note: Customer is responsible for FEDEX shipping and all local Customs, Tariff, VAT, Taxes and
incidental charges within their delivery [address] Country. Please contact Apache Support
[e-mail] for details regarding your order or shipping charges.
Apache Labs LLC, Inc. - Declarations of Conformity
The ANAN-G2 complies with FCC Part 97 rules for the Amateur Radio Service. It has been confirmed
by the relevant authorities that the ANAN-G2 DOES NOT require FCC certification. Under rule 97
Amateur radio equipment with the exception of amplifiers and scanning receivers are exempt from
certification, however, must conform to rule 97 which states that harmonic and spurious emissions
must be below 43dB of the transmitted out up to 30MHz and 60dB beyond that.
Apache Labs Products CE and RTTE Certified
CE & EC Radio and telecommunications terminal equipment [RTTE] Certification.
We are pleased to announce that the ANAN series HF & 6M SDR transceivers including ANAN-G2 is
now CE and RTTE certified as per EU trade directives, ANAN-G2 is RoHS compliant as well, we ensure
that our products are of the highest quality and meet international standards of quality and
compliance.

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Contents
Contents
1 Key Features.............................................................................................................................. 5
1.1 Benefits.............................................................................................................................. 5
1.2 Architecture....................................................................................................................... 6
1.3 Writing Style ...................................................................................................................... 7
1.4 SATURN Design Team......................................................................................................... 7
2 Controls and Connections .......................................................................................................... 8
2.1 Powering On and Off.......................................................................................................... 8
2.1.1 Radios with front panel controls................................................................................. 8
2.1.2 Radios with no front panel controls ............................................................................ 8
2.2 Touchscreen....................................................................................................................... 9
2.3 Front Panel Connections .................................................................................................. 10
2.4 Rear Panel Connections.................................................................................................... 11
3 Installation............................................................................................................................... 14
3.1 Important Operation tips ................................................................................................. 14
3.2 Heat Dissipation............................................................................................................... 14
3.3 Quick Start ....................................................................................................................... 14
3.4 Getting Started with piHPSDR .......................................................................................... 15
3.5 Getting Started with Thetis .............................................................................................. 16
3.6 Getting started with the Raspberry Pi............................................................................... 17
3.6.1 Desktop Environment............................................................................................... 18
3.6.2 Networking .............................................................................................................. 18
3.6.3 SSH Command Line Access ....................................................................................... 19
4 Linux Applications.................................................................................................................... 20
4.1 p2app............................................................................................................................... 20
4.1.1 p2app Command Line Options.................................................................................. 20
4.2 piHPSDR........................................................................................................................... 21
4.3 Desktop “Helper” Applications......................................................................................... 22
4.3.1 Flashwriter ............................................................................................................... 22
4.3.2 Audiotest.................................................................................................................. 23
4.3.3 Biascheck ................................................................................................................. 24
4.3.4 AXI ReaderWriter ..................................................................................................... 25
4.4 Pre-loaded software......................................................................................................... 25
4.5 Running Software Automatically after Power Up.............................................................. 26

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5 Connecting Accessories............................................................................................................ 27
5.1 Linear Amplifier................................................................................................................ 27
5.1.1 PTT Out .................................................................................................................... 27
5.1.2 ALC........................................................................................................................... 27
5.1.3 Puresignal................................................................................................................. 27
6 Specifications........................................................................................................................... 28
7 Maintenance ........................................................................................................................... 29
7.1 PC Maintenance............................................................................................................... 29
7.2 File Locations ................................................................................................................... 29
7.3 Software Installation........................................................................................................ 29
7.3.1 Driver and SATURN Linux Software........................................................................... 30
7.3.2 piHPSDR ................................................................................................................... 30
7.4 Reflashing firmware ......................................................................................................... 30
7.5 Replacing the File System................................................................................................. 32
7.5.1 Reflashing on-board eMMC memory ........................................................................ 32
7.6 Block Diagrams................................................................................................................. 34
8 Support ................................................................................................................................... 35
8.1 Warranty.......................................................................................................................... 35
8.2 References....................................................................................................................... 35

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1Key Features
The ANAN-G2 Amateur Radio Transceiver is a modern direct-down-conversion [DDC] receiver, and
direct-up-conversion [DUC] transmitter, Software Defined transceiver covering the HF bands plus 6
Meters. It uses the SATURN FPGA board with integrated DSP processing and a Raspberry Pi
processor. SATURN has a proud heritage from the TAPR Hermes Transceiver introduced in 2012. It is
based upon the established 7000DLE mk2 RF, DSP and Raspberry Pi single board computer.
SATURN firmware updates can be easily installed via running a simple linux desktop application,
eliminating the need for special mechanical or programming adapters. It is not necessary to open
the ANAN-G2 cabinet to update the firmware.
The ANAN-G2 transceiver has been designed to work with several client Software Defined Radio
applications. It can be used with:
•piHPSDR, running on the Raspberry Pi itself. piHPSDR was originally written by John Melton
G0ORX and developed further by Christophe Wullen DL1 YCF and Rick Koch N1GP.
•THETIS Software - the latest SDR processing from the OpenHPSDR line and is based on the
proven WDSP libraries. Thetis connects via the Ethernet interface, using the HPSDR
“Protocol 2” interface.
•Both have full support for dual receivers, antenna diversity and PureSignal TX linearization.
•Other SDR programs can be used including those written for Windows®, Linux, MacOS/X®,
Android, RaspberryPi, and other operating systems, using the HPSDR Protocol 2 interface.
1.1 Benefits
ANAN-G2 –Second to none!
•Using Direct Down Conversion with an ultra low phase noise clock yields an RMDR of 116dB
@ 2KHz separation, this means that close in weak signals will not be masked by the
receiver’s phase noise.
•The transmitter specifications are also off the chart, use of a new 16-bit DAC with an ultra
low noise clock source results in transmit phase noise better than any other product
available in the market.
•Use of LDMOS drivers and an optimized final Amplifier stage with adaptive Predistortion
Algorithm (PureSignal) yields transmit IMD of better than 60dB, this is at least 20dB better
than any Class A transmitter and over 30dB better than the competition.
•Use of two 16-bit phase synchronous ADCs allow for advanced applications such as Diversity
reception for ultimate noise mitigation and effects of signal fading.
•Higher FPGA DSP Processing power
•Hardware capable of Remote operation (Future feature set currently not available)
•Stand Alone operation
The ANAN-G2 HF & 6M 100W SDR Transceiver offers top of the line performance in a rugged
package, it is based on the work of the OpenHPSDR community.
The new PA board incorporates the following updates over the previous 100W generation:
•PA Gain redistribution for better IMD
•Thermally compensated Bias
•Current/Voltage/Temp Sensors
•Internal fan and option for external fan
•Independent BPFs and 6M LNAs for each ADC; option to ground ADC2 on TX
•Improved TX SNR and higher duty cycle TX

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1.2 Architecture
1. Your radio hardware provides a transmit/receive path. There are two fully separate RX paths
each with its own signal conditioning, digitising and processing.
2. Received signals are filtered, attenuated then digitised using two high performance
analogue-to-digital converter. The A-D converters cover the whole HF band. Digital
processing in the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) converts a part of the HF band to
zero centre frequency, and transfers the data to the PC via Ethernet. The bandwidth
provided can be selected, but is usually in the range 48KHz –1.536MHz.
3. A Raspberry pi4 Compute Module provides a local, high performance processor. The Pi runs
desktop linux and can host many applications. A high performance PCI Express interface
moves data between the FPGA and the Pi.
4. A client Software Defined Radio application (for example piHPSDR or Thetis) connects to the
receiver data streams and provides further signal processing to reduce noise, to select the
signals of interest and demodulate them. Its user interface provides a view of the band
activity in the downconverted signal is shown, and controls to tune to the required signal
and demodulate it successfully.
5. Received audio is routed to the speaker connectors. Additional PC connected speakers are
also possible.
6. On transmit, the client application provides the initial signal processing to optimise the
transmit signal. Audio processing is available to enhance a voice signal. A CW keyer is
provided. Sampled data is sent to the radio hardware via PCI Express.
7. The radio hardware upconverts the TX signal to the required frequency, sets its signal level,
amplifies and filters it. Amplifier linearization is available: a sample of the signal from the

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linear amplifier is downconverted back through the receiver, and compared with the
“intended” TX signal. The difference is processed by Puresignal algorithm to apply pre-
distortion so that the final output from the linear amplifier has approximately 20dB lower
spurious signal content that a “normal” HF transmission.
1.3 Writing Style
In this manual:
•A control / setting name is highlighted bold
•The user setting for that control is underlined.
•Menu > Equalizer means open the “Equaliser” setting on the program’s menu
•Menu > Setup > DSP > RX2 means open the setup form using Setup on the menu, then select
the DSP tab, RX 2 sub-tab
So for example this instruction would indicate a gain control setting: Set the RX1 AF encoder to 30.
1.4 SATURN Design Team
SATURN is a new DSP board that draws upon previous work from the HPSDR family. Contributors to
its content include :
Laurence Barker G8NJJ
Rick Koch N1GP
Abhishek Prakash
Dr. Warren C. Pratt, NR0V
Kjell Karlsen, LA2NI
Phil Harman, VK6PH
Doug Wigley, W5WC
Dr. Joe Martin, K5SO
John Melton, G0ORX/N6LYT
Adam Farson AB4OJ/VA7OJ

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2Controls and Connections
The front panel provides the first port of call to control your radio. Two version of the radio are
currently available:
A version with no local display: this can be used
with attached monitors for locally hosted client
software such as piHPSDR. It can be used
“headless” to connect to a PC client application
such as Thetis.
A version with a front panel 7” touchscreen
display, rotary controls and pushbuttons. A
touchscreen display provides a PC display from
the PC control application; rotary encoders and
pushbuttons provide access to the most
commonly used controls.
A different display version using the
“Andromeda” display is also planned. This
panel has more controls, and hands off
processing for them to an Arduino
microcontroller to reduce the load on the
Raspberry Pi.
2.1 Powering On and Off
The radio has a “soft” power button on the front panel. This is used both to turn power on, and to
turn it off again. It is important to shut the power down properly using this button: otherwise the file
system in your Raspberry Pi computer will become corrupted. The controls are different depending
on whether you have front panel controls or not.
2.1.1 Radios with front panel controls
To power the radio on: press and release the button. A short press is sufficient. The power LED will
illuminate.
To power the radio off:
1. Shut down the operating system. In PiHPSDR, click Menu and then Shutdown. You may also
click on the Raspberry Pi icon at top left on the screen; select Logout from the menu then
Logout on the Shutdown Options menu.
2. After the computer has completed shutting down, wait for approximately 10-15 seconds and
then press and hold the power button for around 3 seconds until the power switches off.
The front panel LED will go out.
2.1.2 Radios with no front panel controls
The procedure is slightly different as you may not have a computer display available.
To power the radio on: press and release the button. A short press is sufficient. The power LED will
illuminate RED.

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To power the radio off: press and release the power button. The LED will change to WHITE when the
computer has shut down. Wait for approximately 10-15 seconds and then press and hold the button
for around 3 seconds until power turns off completely; the LED will extinguish.
Power switch with Raspberry Pi running
Power switch with Raspberry Pi Off
2.2 Touchscreen
The touchscreen, on those models with front panel controls, is a full function display with capacitive
touch sensing. This is a full function Linux desktop; see Raspberry Pi documentation for more details.
With an attached mouse and keyboard, it presents a full function desktop computer. Additional
displays can be connected to the rear of the radio using HDMI connectors.
The front panel display can provide the front panel display for piHPSDR. In this mode it presents the
front panel for your radio, allowing completely standalone operation.

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2.3 Front Panel Connections
CW Key
3.5mm stereo jack socket. Connect a CW (morse) key: this may be a “straight” key
or iambic keyer. Do not use a mono jack plug: TX mode will be continuously
asserted!
Phone
Connect stereo headphones. This is a standard 3.5mm stereo jack socket. The
internal speakers will be muted when connected.
MIC
3.5mm stereo jack socket.
USB
A USB socket connected to the Raspberry Pi; useful to connect memory sticks etc.
CW Key
Tip = Dit
Ring = Dah
3.5mm Stereo Jack:
Paddle Connections
Tip = Key
Ring = no connect
3.5mm Stereo Jack:
Straight Key Connections
Microphone
Can be set
by your SDR
app to two
possible
connections: