AREBOS AR-HE-WP User manual

Original User Manual –AREBOS Mini Heat Pump
1
Mini Heat Pump
AR-HE-WP
Please follow all security measures in this user´s manual to ensure a secure use.
Thank you for trusting in AREBOS.

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Table of Contents
1Introduction and safety instructions.........3
2Description...............................................6
3Transport information..............................7
4Start-up of the Heat Pump........................8
5Location and connection...........................9
6Electrical Wiring .....................................12
7Specifications .........................................13
8Accessories & fitting............................... 14
9Troubleshooting .....................................14
10 Exploded Diagram ................................15
11 Maintenance ........................................ 15
12 Service manual.....................................16
13 Environmentally friendly disposal ........23
EU Declaration of Conformity ....................24

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Thank you for purchasing our product. Please read the operating instructions carefully before using
the product for the first time. If you give the product to a third party, this manual must be handed
over with it. Keep the instruction manual for future reference. The drawings in this manual may
not match the physical objects. Please refer to the physical objects.
1Introduction and safety instructions
Introduction
•This instruction handbook is intended to familiarise you with the installation, use and
maintenance of the product. To install the unit safely and correctly, please read the operating
instructions before you start.
Explanation of the symbols
By means of a CE marking, it can be recognized that a product complies with
the legal requirements of European legal standards and therefore may be
traded within the European Community.
Warning! Read the safety instructions carefully. Failure to follow the safety
precautions could result in serious injury or damage. Keep the operating
instructions in a safe place.
Attention! Make sure the product is grounded!
Note! Pull out the mains plug.
Use with caution when using this article!
Warning! Risk of electrical voltage!
Warning! Flammable material, flammable substances!

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WARNING! This signal symbol/word indicates a hazard with a medium level of risk which, if not
avoided, may result in death or serious injury. injury if not avoided.
CAUTION! / ATTENTION! This signal symbol/word indicates a hazard with a low level of risk
which, if not avoided, may result in a minor or moderate injury. injury if not avoided.
Note! This signal symbol/word warns you of possible property damage.
This product must not be disposed of with household waste!

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Thank you for using this mini pool heat pump for your pool heating, it will heat your pool water and
keep the constant temperature when the air ambient temperature is at 9 to 40℃and the pool water
temperature is at 9 to 40℃.
This appliance is intended to be used by expert or trained users in shops, in light industry and on
farms, or for commercial use by lay persons.
Electrical protection
The power supply for the heat pump must come, preferably, from an exclusive circuit with regulatory
protection components (30mA differential protection) and a magneto-thermal switch.
•The electrical installation must be carried out by a specialized professional (electrician) in
accordance with the standards and regulations in force in the country of installation.
•The heat pump circuit must be connected to a safety earth circuit at the terminal block.
•The cables must be properly installed to prevent interference. If damaged, it must be
replaced by the manufacturer, its service agent or similarly qualified persons in order to
avoid a hazard.
•The pump is intended for connection to a general power supply with earth connection.
•Section of the cable; This section is indicative and should be checked and adapted according
to the needs and conditions of use.
•The tolerance of acceptable voltage variation is +/- 10% during operation.
The connections must be dimensioned according to the power of the device and the state of
installation.
Models
Circuit
breaker
Maximum length of the wire
1,5 mm²
4 mm²
6 mm²
10 mm²
AR-HE-WP
10 A
84 m
135 m
200 m
335 m
These values are given as a guideline, only the intervention of an authorized technician can
determine the values corresponding to your installation.
The electric line must be equipped with a ground connection and with a circuit breaker with
difference 30mA in head.
ATTENTION:
•This manual includes all the necessary information with the use and the installation of your
heat pump.
•The installer must read the manual attentively and follow the instructions in implementation
and maintenance.
•The installer is responsible for the installation of the product and should follow all the
instructions of the manufacturer and the regulations in application. Incorrect installation
against the manual implies the exclusion of the entire guarantee.
•The manufacturer declines any responsibility for the damage caused with the people, objects
and of the errors due to the installation that disobey the manual guideline. Any use that is
without conformity at the origin of its manufacturing will be regarded as dangerous.

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WARNING:
•Please always empty the water in heat pump during winter time or when the ambient
temperature drops below 8℃, or else the Titanium exchanger will be damaged because of
being frozen, in such case, your warranty will be lost.
•Please always cut the power supply if you want to open the cabinet to reach inside the heat
pump, because there is high voltage electricity inside.
•Please well keep the display controller in a dry area, or well close the insulation cover to
protect the display controller from being damaged by humidity.
2Description
With your Heat Pump
•Water PVC connector diameter 32 - 38mm (pcs: 2)
•User and service manual
•1.5melectric extension and socket with 30mA earth leakage protection
•Anti-vibration base (pcs: 4)
Dimension
Model: AR-HE-WP

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3Transport information
Delivery of the packaging
For the transportation, the heat pump is covered with a carton box. To preserve from any damage,
the heat pump must be transfer on is pallet.
All material, even if the transport is chargeable to supplier, can be damaged during its routing at the
customer and it is the responsibility of the addressee to make sure of the correspondence of the
delivery.The addressee has to written all the reserves at the reception on the delivery note of the
carrier if he notices damages of the packaging.
DO NOT FORGET TO CONFIRM BY REGISTERED LETTER TO THE CARRIER UNDER 48 H.
Stock advice
Heat pump must be stored and transfer in vertical position in its original packaging. If it is not the
case, she cannot be operated at once, a minimum period of 24H is necessary before to switch on the
electrical power.
FORBIDDEN
Transfer to the final position
During the unpacking of the product and the transfer from is palette of origin to final place, it is
necessary to maintain the heat pump vertical position.
Water connection are not there to assure the function of handle, on the contrary support the weight
of the heat pump on the water connection must be damage definitively the product. The
manufacturer could not be take the responsible in case of damage.

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4Start-up of the Heat Pump
1. ON/OFF : Press for 2 seconds , start or stop the heat pump
2. Long press for 6 seconds, then press or to exchange C or F
ATTENTION: THESE SETTING SHOULD SWEEP ALL THE PREVIOUS SETTING
3. Water Temperature Setting: Press once, "SV" lighting! Press to up or press down.
4. Press to check the CT when the heat pump is running.
5. That the icon is flashing means preparing to work, and that the icon is lighting means
working.
6. E1 or E2 means the sensor is not working please call the service.

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5Location and connection
ATTENTION:
Please observe the following rules when installing the heat pump.
1. Any addition of chemicals must take place in the piping located downstream from the heat
pump.
2. Always place the heat pump on a solid foundation and use the included rubber mounts to
avoid vibration and noise.
3. Always hold the heat pump upright. If the unit has been held at an angle，wait at least 24
hours before starting the heat pump.
4. DO NOT place the unit next to shrubs which can block the air inlet. These locations deny the
unit a continuous source of fresh air which reduces its efficiency and may prevent adequate
heat delivery.
Heat pump location
The unit will work properly in any desired location as long as the following three items are present:
1. Fresh air
2. 2.Electricity
3. 3.Swimming pool filters
The unit may be installed in virtually any outdoor location as long as the specified minimum
distances to other objects are maintained (see drawing upon). Please consult your installer for
installation with an indoor pool. Installation in a windy location does not present any problem at all,
unlike the situation with a gas heater (including pilot flame problems).

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ATTENTION: Never install the unit in a closed room with a limited air volume in which the air
expelled from the unit will be reused, or close to shrubbery that could block the air inlet. Such
locations impair the continuous supply of fresh air，resulting in reduced efficiency and possibly
preventing sufficient heat output.
See the drawing below for minimum dimensions.
The unit will work properly in any desired location as long as the following three items are present:
Check-valve installation
NOTE:
Note: If automatic dosing equipment for chlorine and acidity (pH) is used, it is essential to protect
the heat pump against excessively high chemical concentrations which may corrode the heat
exchanger. For this reason,

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equipment of this sort must always be fitted in the piping on the downstream side of the heat
pump, and it is recommended to install a check-valve to prevent reverse flow in the absence of
water circulation.
Damage to the heat pump caused by failure to observe this instruction is not covered by the
warranty.
NOTE:
The factory supplies only the heat pump. All other components, including a bypass if necessary,
must be provided by the user or the installer.
ATTENTION:
In order to heat the water in the pool (or hot tub), the filter pump must be running to cause the
water to circulate through the heat pump. The heat pump will not start up or be destroyed if the
water is not circulating.
Initial operation
After all connections, have been made and checked, carry out the following procedure:
1. Switch on the filter pump, check for leaks and verify that water is flowing from and to the
swimming pool.
2. Connect power to the heat pump. The unit will start up after the time delay expires (see
below).
3. After a few minutes, check whether the air blowing out of the unit is cooler.
Depending on the initial temperature of the water in the swimming pool and the air temperature, it
may take several days to heat the water to the desired temperature. A good swimming pool cover
can dramatically reduce the required length of time.
NOTE:
Time delay - The heat pump has a built-in 3-minute start-up delay to protect the circuitry and avoid
excessive contact wear. The unit will restart automatically after this time delay expires. Even a brief
power
interruption will trigger this time delay and prevent the unit from restarting immediately. Additional
power
interruptions during this delay period do not affect the 3-minute duration of the delay.
NOTE:
The amount of condensation may be as much as several litters per hour at high relative humidity.
This is sometimes mistakenly regarded as a water leak.

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6Electrical Wiring
Mini pool heat pump wiring diagram Basic electrical wiring

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7Specifications
Technical data CIPU MINI pool heat pumps
MODEL
AR-HE-WP
* Performance at 80℉Air, 80% RH, 80℉Water
Heating capacity
BTU/h
12500
Power consumption
KW
0.65
C.O.P.
5.4
* Performance at 80℉Air, 63% RH, 80℉Water
Heating capacity
BTU/h
11600
Power consumption
KW
0.65
C.O.P.
5.0
* General data
Compressor type
GMCC
Voltage
V
AC200-240V/1PH 50 or 60Hz
Rated current
A
3.2
Maximum current
A
4.0
ADVISED
SPA
2.4
VOLUME (m³)
POOL
9
Heat exchanger
Twist-titanium tube in PVC
Water pressure drop
Kpa
5
Water connection
mm
32-38mm (ID)
`Fan quantity
1
Ventilation type
Horizontal
Air Flow
m3/h
1200
Power input of Fan
W
42
Noise level (1m)
dB(A)
47
Refrigerant (R410a or R32)
g
260
* Dimension/ Weight
Net weight
kg
18
Gross weight
kg
20
Net dimension
mm
385*300*377
Packing dimension
mm
450*400*440
*Above data are subjects to modification without notice.
We reserve the right to make technical and optical changes to the article in the course of product
improvements.

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8Accessories & fitting
Accessories list
Anti-vibration base, 4pcs
2 sets
2 sets
9Troubleshooting
Error code display on LED wire controller
Fault performance
Cause
Solution
No display
If power is cut
If switch is off
Check power and switch
No working but display
IF the temperature setting in the
stop range;
If the heating mode is correct
Set the required temperature
control value;
Set the correct mode
Display unusual
Poor wiring or bindin;
Sensor fault.
Good wiring and binding
Check terminal or change
sensor.
Large deference
between display value
and actual value
Un same location,
Sensor deference.
Reliable location
Adjust the value "CA" as "3.4.b"
No stopping
Error sensor location
Electrical fault
Reliable location,
Check electrical parts.
Over frequency starting
Value "d" set too least or higher
ambient temperature
Adjust the value "d" as "3.4. a"
E1 or E2 displaying
Sensor short or open
Check sensor wire or change
sensor.

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10 Exploded Diagram
Exploded Diagram
Model: AR-HE-WP
11 Maintenance
1
Front panel
2
Base panel
3
Fan & motor
4
Evaporator
5
Right bracket
6
Top panel
7
Compressor
8
Left panel
9
Titanium heat exchanger
10
Fan cover

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Maintenance
1. You should check the water supply system regularly to avoid the air entering the system and
occurrence of low water flow, because it would reduce the performance and reliability of HP
unit.
2. Clean your pools and filtration system regularly to avoid the damage of the unit as a result of
the dirty of clogged filter.
3. You should discharge the water from bottom of water pump if HP unit will stop running for a
long time (especially during the winter season).
4. In another way, you should check the unit is water fully before the unit start to run again.
5. After the unit is conditioned for the winter season, it is recommended to cover the heat
pump with special winter heat pump.
6. When the unit is running, there is all the time a little water discharge under the unit
12 Service manual
WARNING!
Disposal, maintenance and repair work of the refrigerant circuit shall only be carried out in
accordance with the manufacturer's specifications and by persons who possess a
certificate of qualification.
1 Checks to the area
Prior to beginning work on systems containing flammable refrigerants or repairing to the
refrigerating system, safety checks are necessary to ensure that the risk of ignition is minimised.
2 Work procedure
Work shall be undertaken under a controlled procedure so as to minimise the risk of a flammable gas
or vapor being present while the work is being performed.
3 General work area
All maintenance staff and others working in the local area shall be instructed on the nature of work
being carried out. Work in confined spaces shall be avoided. The area around the workspace shall be
sectioned off. Ensure that the conditions within the area have been made
safe by control of flammable material.
4 Checking for presence of refrigerant
The area shall be checked with an appropriate refrigerant detector prior to and during work, to
ensure the technician is aware of potentially toxic or flammable atmospheres. Ensure that the leak
detection equipment being used is suitable for use with all applicable refrigerants, i.e. non-sparking,
adequately sealed or intrinsically safe.
5 Presence of fire extinguisher
If any hot work is to be conducted on the refrigeration equipment or any associated parts,
appropriate fire extinguishing equipment shall be available to hand. Have a dry powder or CO2 fire
extinguisher adjacent to the charging area.
6 No ignition sources
No person carrying out work in relation to a refrigeration system which involves exposing any pipe
work shall use any sources of ignition in such a manner that it may lead to the risk of fire or
explosion. All possible ignition sources, including cigarette smoking, should be kept sufficiently far
away from the site of installation, repairing, removing and disposal, during which refrigerant can

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possibly be released to the surrounding space. Prior to work taking place, the area around the
equipment is to be surveyed to make sure that there are no flammable hazards or ignition risks. “No
Smoking” signs shall be displayed.
7 Ventilated area
Ensure that the area is in the open or that it is adequately ventilated before breaking into the system
or conducting any hot work. A degree of ventilation shall continue during the period that the work is
carried out. The ventilation should safely disperse any released refrigerant and preferably expel it
externally into the atmosphere.
8 Checks to the refrigeration equipment
Where electrical components are being changed, they shall be fit for the purpose and to the correct
specification. At all times the manufacturer’s maintenance and service guidelines shall be followed. If
in doubt, consult the manufacturer’s technical department for assistance. The following checks shall
be applied to installations using flammable refrigerants:
The charge size is in accordance with the room size within which the refrigerant containing parts are
installed;
-the ventilation machinery and outlets are operating adequately and are not obstructed;
-if an indirect refrigerating circuit is being used, the secondary circuit shall be checked for the
presence of refrigerant;
-marking to the equipment continues to be visible and legible. Markings and signs that are
illegible shall be corrected;
-refrigeration pipe or components are installed in a position where they are unlikely to be exposed to
any substance which may corrode refrigerant containing components, unless the components are
constructed of materials which are inherently resistant to being corrode do rare suitably protected
against being so corroded.
9 Checks to electrical devices
Repair and maintenance to electrical components shall include initial safety checks and component
inspection procedures. If a fault exists that could compromise safety, then no electrical supply shall
be connected to the circuit until it is satisfactorily dealt with. If the fault cannot be corrected
immediately but it is necessary to continue operation, an adequate temporary solution shall be used.
This shall be reported to the owner of the equipment, so all parties are advised.
Initial safety checks shall include:
-that capacitors are discharged: this shall be done in a safe manner to avoid possibility of sparking;
-that no live electrical components and wiring are exposed while charging, recovering or purging the
system;
-that there is continuity of earth bonding.
10 Repairs to sealed components
During repairs to sealed components, all electrical supplies shall be disconnected from the
equipment being worked upon prior to any removal of sealed covers, etc. If it is absolutely necessary
to have an electrical supply to equipment during servicing, then a permanently operating form of
leak detection shall be located at the most critical point to warn of a potentially hazardous situation.
Particular attention shall be paid to the following to ensure that by working on electrical
components, the casing is not altered in such a way that the level of protection is affected.
This shall include damage to cables, excessive number of connections, terminals not made to original
specification, damage to seals, incorrect fitting of glands, etc.
Ensure that the apparatus is mounted securely.
Ensure that seals or sealing materials have not degraded to the point that they no longer serve the
purpose of preventing the ingress of flammable atmospheres. Replacement parts shall be in
accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications.
NOTE The use of silicon sealant can inhibit the effectiveness of some types of leak detection

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equipment. Intrinsically safe components do not have to be isolated prior to working on them.
11 Repair to intrinsically safe components
Do not apply any permanent inductive or capacitance loads to the circuit without ensuring that this
will not exceed the permissible voltage and current permitted for the equipment in use.
Intrinsically safe components are the only types that can be worked on while live in the presence of a
flammable atmosphere .The test apparatus shall be at the correct rating.
Replace components only with parts specified by the manufacturer. Other parts may result in the
ignition of refrigerant in the atmosphere from a leak.
12 Cabling
Check that cabling will not be subject to wear, corrosion, excessive pressure, vibration, sharp edges
or any other adverse environmental effects. The check shall also take into account the effects of
aging or continual vibration from sources such as compressors or fans.
13 Detection of flammable refrigerants
Under no circumstances shall potential sources of ignition be used in the searching for or detection
of refrigerant leaks. A halide torch (or any other detector using a naked flame) shall not be used.
14 Leak detection methods
The following leak detection methods are deemed acceptable for all refrigerant systems. Electronic
leak detectors may be used to detect refrigerant leaks but, in the case of flammable refrigerants, the
sensitivity may not be adequate, or may need re-calibration.
(Detection equipment shall be calibrated in a refrigerant-free area.) Ensure that the detector is not a
potential source of ignition and is suitable for the refrigerant used. Leak detection equipment shall
be set at a percentage of the LFL of the refrigerant and shall be calibrated to the refrigerant
employed, and the appropriate percentage of gas(25%maximum) is confirmed.
Leak detection fluids are suitable for use with most refrigerants but the use of detergents containing
chlorine shall be avoided as the chlorine may react with the refrigerant and corrode the copper pipe-
work.
If a leak is suspected, all naked flames shall be removed/extinguished.
If a leakage of refrigerant is found which requires brazing, all of the refrigerant shall be recovered
from the system, or isolated (by means of shut off valves) in a part of the system remote from the
leak. For appliances containing flammable refrigerants, oxygen free nitrogen (OFN) shall then be
purged through the system both before and during the brazing process.
15 Removal and evacuation
When breaking into the refrigerant circuit to make repairs –or for any other purpose –conventional
procedures shall be used. However, for flammable refrigerants it is important that best practice is
followed since flammability is a consideration. The following procedure shall be adhered to:
remove refrigerant;
purge the circuit with inert gas;
-evacuate;
-purge again with inert gas;
-open the circuit by cutting or brazing.
The refrigerant charge shall be recovered into the correct recovery cylinders. For appliances
containing flammable refrigerants, the system shall be “flushed” with OFN to render the unit safe.
This process may need to be repeated several times. Compressed air or oxygen shall not be used for
purging refrigerant systems.
For appliances containing flammable refrigerants, flushing shall be achieved by breaking the vacuum
in the system with OFN and continuing to fill until the working pressure is achieved, then venting to
atmosphere, and finally pulling down to a vacuum. This process shall be repeated until no refrigerant
is within the system. When the final OFN charge is used, the system shall be vented down to

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atmospheric pressure to enable work to take place. This operation is absolutely vital if brazing
operations on the pipe-work are to take place. Ensure that the outlet for the vacuum pump is not
close to any ignition sources and that ventilation is available.
16 Charging procedures
In addition to conventional charging procedures, the following requirements shall be followed.
-Ensure that contamination of different refrigerants does not occur when using charging equipment.
Hoses or lines shall be as short as possible to minimize the amount of refrigerant contained in them.
-Cylinders shall be kept upright.
-Ensure that the refrigeration system is earthed prior to charging the system with refrigerant. Label
the system when charging is complete(if not already).
-Extreme care shall be taken not to over fill the refrigeration system.
-Prior to recharging the system, it shall be pressure-tested with the appropriate purging gas.
The system shall be leak-tested on completion of charging but prior to commissioning. A follow up
leak test shall be carried out prior to leaving the site.
17 Decommissioning
Before carrying out this procedure, it is essential that the technician is completely familiar with the
equipment and all its detail. It is recommended good practice that all refrigerants are recovered
safely. Prior to the task being carried out, an oil and refrigerant sample shall be taken in case analysis
is required prior to re-use of reclaimed refrigerant. It is essential that electrical power is available
before the task is commenced.
a. Become familiar with the equipment and its operation.
b. Isolate system electrically.
c. Before attempting the procedure, ensure that:
▪mechanical handling equipment is available, if required, for handling refrigerant cylinders;
▪all person al protective equipment is available and being used correctly;
▪the recovery process is supervised at all times by a competent person;
▪recovery equipment and cylinders conform to the appropriate standards.
a. Pump down refrigerant system, if possible.
b. If a vacuum is not possible, make a manifold so that refrigerant can be removed from various parts
of the system.
c. Make sure that cylinder is situated on the scales before recovery takes place.
d. Start the recovery machine and operate in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.
e. Do not overfill cylinders. (No more than 80 % volume liquid charge).
f. Do not exceed the maximum working pressure of the cylinder, even temporarily.
g. When the cylinders have been filled correctly and the process completed, make sure that the
cylinders and the equipment are removed from site promptly and all isolation valves on the
equipment are closed off.
h. Recovered refrigerant shall not be charged into another refrigeration system unless it has been
cleaned and checked.
18 Labelling
Equipment shall be labelled stating that it has been de-commissioned and emptied of refrigerant.
The label shall be dated and signed. For appliances containing flammable refrigerants, ensure that
there are labels on the equipment stating the equipment contains flammable refrigerant.
19 Recovery
When removing refrigerant from a system, either for servicing or decommissioning, it is
recommended good practice that all refrigerants are removed safely.
When transferring refrigerant into cylinders, ensure that only appropriate refrigerant recovery
cylinders are employed. Ensure that the correct number of cylinders for holding the total system
charge are available. All cylinders to be used are designated for the recovered refrigerant and

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labelled for that refrigerant (i.e. special cylinders for the recovery of refrigerant). Cylinders shall be
complete with pressure-relief valve and associated shut-off valves in good working order. Empty
recovery cylinders are evacuated and, if possible, cooled before recovery occurs.
The recovery equipment shall be in good working order with a set of instructions concerning the
equipment that is at hand and shall be suitable for the recovery of all appropriate refrigerants
including, when applicable, flammable refrigerants. In addition, a set of calibrated weighing scales
shall be available and in good working order. Hoses shall be complete with leak-free disconnect
couplings and in good condition. Before using the recovery machine, check that it is in satisfactory
working order, has been properly maintained and that any associated electrical components are
sealed to prevent ignition in the event of a refrigerant release. Consult manufacturer if in doubt.
The recovered refrigerant shall be returned to the refrigerant supplier in the correct recovery
cylinder, and the relevant waste transfer note arranged. Do not mix refrigerants in recovery units and
especially not in cylinders.
If compressors or compressor oils are to be removed, ensure that they have been evacuated to an
acceptable level to make certain that flammable refrigerant does not remain within the lubricant.
The evacuation process shall be carried out prior to returning the compressor to the suppliers. Only
electric heating to the compressor body shall be employed to accelerate this process. When oil is
drained from a system ,it shall be carried out safely.
20 Transport of equipment containing flammable refrigerants
Determined by local regulations.
21 Disposal of equipment using flammable refrigerants
See national regulations.
22 Storage of equipment/appliances
The storage of equipment should be in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions.
23 Storage of packed (unsold) equipment
Storage package protection should be constructed such that mechanical damage to the equipment
inside the package will not cause a leak of the refrigerant charge.
The maximum number of pieces of equipment permitted to be stored together will be determined by
local regulations.
24 Competence of service personnel
General
Special training additional to usual information for refrigerating appliance installation, repair,
maintenance and decommission procedures is required when an appliance with flammable
refrigerants is affected.
In many countries, the training of these procedures is carried out by national training organizations
or manufacturers that are accredited to teach the relevant national competency standards that may
be set in legislation.
The achieved competence should be documented by a certificate.
25 Training
The training should include the substance of the following:
Information about the explosion potential of flammable refrigerants to show that flammables may
be dangerous when handled without care.
Information about potential ignition sources, especially those that are not obvious, such as lighters,
light switches, vacuum cleaners, electric heaters.
Information about the different safety concepts:
Unventilated –Safety of the appliance does not depend on ventilation of the housing.
Switching off the appliance or opening of the housing has no significant effect on the safety.