Arrow Electronics DragonBoard 410c User manual

Linux User Guide
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Content
1Linux on the DragonBoard 410c ........................................................................................................................................4
1.1 Known limitations ....................................................................................................................................................4
1.2 Boot-phase status indicators....................................................................................................................................4
2Installing Linux ...................................................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Installing from SD-card.............................................................................................................................................5
2.2 Installing from Host-pc.............................................................................................................................................8
3Recovering your DragonBoard with the rescue image ....................................................................................................11
3.1 Installation overview..............................................................................................................................................11
3.2 Step1: Download the rescue image from the 96Boards website...........................................................................11
3.3 Step2: Copy the rescue image onto an SD-card.....................................................................................................11
3.4 step3: Boot the board from the SD-card................................................................................................................12
4Running Linux: First steps ................................................................................................................................................13
4.1 LogIn.......................................................................................................................................................................13
4.2 Setting up WiFi .......................................................................................................................................................13
5Linux Development Environment ....................................................................................................................................14
5.1 Toolchain................................................................................................................................................................14
5.2 Eclipse Development Environment .......................................................................................................................15
6Example1: HelloWorld application ..................................................................................................................................16
6.1 Start the Eclipse IDE ...............................................................................................................................................16
6.2 Create a new project..............................................................................................................................................16
6.3Implement application ...........................................................................................................................................18
6.4 Build and transfer the application..........................................................................................................................18
6.5 Execute the application..........................................................................................................................................18
7Example2: BlinkyLED........................................................................................................................................................20
7.1 Create a new project..............................................................................................................................................20
7.2 Implement application ...........................................................................................................................................20
7.3 Build and transfer the application..........................................................................................................................20
7.4 Execute the application..........................................................................................................................................20
8Example3: TogglyGPIO.....................................................................................................................................................22
8.1 Setup ......................................................................................................................................................................22
8.2 Create a new project..............................................................................................................................................22
8.3 Implement application ...........................................................................................................................................22
8.4 Build and transfer the application..........................................................................................................................25

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8.5 Execute the application..........................................................................................................................................25
9Statements regarding FCC ...............................................................................................................................................26

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1Linux on the DragonBoard 410c
The Linux image for the Dragonboard is built by Linaro and is based on Debian with the v4.2.4 Linux Kernel (as of this
writing).
1.1 Known limitations
Please see the Linaro Wiki for details regarding the known limitations of the latest Linux image:
http://builds.96boards.org/releases/dragonboard410c/linaro/debian/latest#tabs-1
1.2 Boot-phase status indicators
For trouble shooting during the boot-phase the 4 User-LED’s on the board (LED1-4) have the following meaning:
LED
Status
Description
LED1
Heartbeat
Processor watchdog heartbeat
LED2
eMMC
eMMC data transfer
LED3
SD
SD-card data transfer
LED4
Unused
N/A

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2Installing Linux
There are currently two supported methods to install a Linux Image on the DragonBoard410c:
Installing the image from SD-card
Installing the image from a Host computer via a USB cable and fastboot
The following chapters describe the two methods in detail.
2.1 Installing from SD-card
This is the easiest method to install Linux on the DragonBoard and is recommended for users that are just getting started
with the DragonBoard.
2.1.1 Installation prerequisites
SD-card: In order to install Linux directly from SD-card you need a SD-card with at least 4GB in size.
A monitor capable of 1080p resolution. A monitor with lower resolution might not be able to display the high
resolution output by the board.
Mouse and keyboard
2.1.2 Installation overview
In order to install Linux from SD-card just follow these simple steps:
Download the Installer-image from the 96-Boards Website
Write the Installer-image onto a micro SD-card
Boot the DragonBoard from the SD-card
Reboot the board and enjoy!
The following chapters describe each step in more detail:
2.1.3 Step1: Download the Installer-image from the 96-Boards Website
Image name
Website link
dragonboard410c_sd_card_insta
ll_debian.zip
http://builds.96boards.org/releases/dragonboard410c/linaro/debian/latest/dragonbo
ard410c_sdcard_install_debian-*.zip

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2.1.4 Step2: Write the Installer-image onto a micro SD-card
Write the Installer image onto the SD-card using your favorite imaging tool:
On Windows:
On Linux:
Execute the following commands:
2.1.5 Step3: Boot the DragonBoard from the SD-card
●Plug In the programmed SD-card into the board
●Connect a Mouse and Keyboard to the board
●Connect a monitor with an HDMI cable to the board
●Set the boot switches S6 to 0100 (boot from SD-card)
●Plug the power supply into the board
●The board should start up and show a Dialog from which you can choose the Operating System to install
Download the Win32DiskImager tool from here
Start the DiskImager tool
Under Image file select the path to the image
Under Device choose the drive letter under which the sd-card was detected
Click Write -> This will write the image onto the micro sd-card
sudo dd if=db410_sd_install_linux.img of=/dev/XXX bs=2M
sync
Where XXX is the device name
Warning: Do not override your hard drive. In most cases, XXX will be mmcblk0 or sdx where x depends on the
number of fixed disks in your system. You can determine the sd-cards device name by using the following
command:
sudo fdisk -l

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●Choose the displayed Operating system (Linaro Linux) and click Install. This will flash the OS on the board eMMC
●Once you see the programming successful dialog proceed with the next step
2.1.6 Step4: Reboot and enjoy!
●unplug the power cord
●remove the SD-card
●reset the boot switches to 0000
●Plug in the power cord. The system should now boot into your chosen Operating System

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2.2 Installing from Host-pc
This method is recommended for experienced users who will be downloading many iterative experimental versions of
self-compiled OS’s. It is also a fallback method in case the first method fails because either the monitor or mouse and
keyboard could not be detected. Since this method uses a HostPC to program the board a separate monitor and
mouse/keyboard do not need to be connected to the board.
This guide describes the process both for Windows and Linux Host systems.
2.2.1 Installation prerequisites
Fastboot: This method requires the Fastboot tool to be installed on the HostPC. Fastboot is a tool that
communicates with the bootloader of the DragonBoard 410c and allows you to flash images onto the board.
See below for instruction on how to install Fastboot on your Host PC.
Install fastboot on your Host PC:
Download and install the fastboot tool on to your Host PC:
On Windows Host:
Google currently does not offer a standalone Windows Installer for fastboot. Instead it provides fastboot only as part of
the full Android Studio development environment installation. If you want to install fastboot without the full Android
Studio installation you can find third party installers on the web site.
On Linux Host (Ubuntu/Debian):
Execute the following command:
sudo apt-get install android-tools-fastboot
2.2.2 Installation overview
In order to install Linux from a Host PC just follow these simple steps:
step 1. Download the Linux images from the 96Boards Website
step 2. Bring the board into fastboot-mode
step 3. Start the fastboot tool on the HostPC
step 4. Flash the Bootloader Image
step 5. Flash the boot image
step 6. Flash the rootfs image
step 7. Reboot and enjoy
The following chapters describe each step in more detail:
2.2.3 Step1: Download the Linux images from the 96Boards Website
Download the following images from the 96Boards website:
Image
Filename
Link
Bootloader
image
dragonboard410c_bootloader_e
mmc_linux.zip
http://builds.96boards.org/releases/dragonboard410c/linaro/rescue/l
atest/dragonboard410c_bootloader_emmc_linux*.zip
boot image
boot-linaro-jessie-qcom-
snapdragon-arm64.img.gz
http://builds.96boards.org/releases/dragonboard410c/linaro/debian/l
atest/boot-linaro-jessie-qcom-snapdragon-arm64-*.img.gz

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Rootfs
image
linaro-jessie-alip-qcom-
snapdragon-arm64.img.gz
http://builds.96boards.org/releases/dragonboard410c/linaro/debian/l
atest/linaro-jessie-alip-qcom-snapdragon-arm64-*.img.gz
2.2.4 Step2: Bring the board into fastboot-mode
●Ensure the boot switches S6 are set to 0000
●Connect the micro-usb cable to the board
●Press and hold the Vol- button (S4)
●Connect the power supply to the board
2.2.5 Step3: Start the fastboot tool on the HostPC
Start the fastboot application on the host PC and execute the following fastboot command. You should see your board
listed:
fastboot devices
Please note: If you run Fastboot from a Linux HostPC you might have to run it with sudo privileges.
For example: sudo fastboot devices
2.2.6 Step4: Flash the bootloader-image
Extract the Bootloader image:
unzip dragonboard410c_bootloader_emmc_linux-BB.zip
Then flash the Bootloader-image files via fastboot**:
fastboot flash partition gpt_both0.bin
fastboot flash hyp hyp.mbn
fastboot flash modem NON-HLOS.bin
fastboot flash rpm rpm.mbn
fastboot flash sbl1 sbl1.mbn
fastboot flash sec sec.dat
fastboot flash tz tz.mbn
fastboot flash aboot emmc_appsboot.mbn
fastboot erase boot
fastboot erase rootfs
fastboot erase devinfo
** If you use fastboot on a Linux HostPC you might have to execute fastboot with sudo privileges.
For example: sudo fastboot flash partition gpt_both0.bin
2.2.7 Step5: Flash the boot-image
Extract the boot-image:
tar xz boot-linaro-jessie-qcom-snapdragon-arm64-YYYYMMDD-UU.img.gz
Then flash the boot-image into the boot partition of the board via fastboot**:
fastboot flash boot boot-linaro-jessie-qcom-snapdragon-arm64-YYYYMMDD-UU.img
2.2.8 Step6: Flash the rootfs-image
Extract the rootfs-image:
Tar xz linaro-jessie-alip-qcom-snapdragon-arm64-YYYYMMDD-UU.img.gz
Then flash the rootfs-image into the rootfs partition of the board via fastboot**:
fastboot flash rootfs linaro-jessie-alip-qcom-snapdragon-arm64-YYYYMMDD-UU.img

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2.2.9 Step7: Reboot and enjoy!
Once the download of the images is complete, follow these steps:
●Unplug the board from the power supply
●Disconnect the USB cable
●Reset the boot switches back to 0000
●Connect the board to the power supply
After the reboot you should see Linux startup.

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3Recovering your DragonBoard with the rescue image
Use this method if the previous two method failed and you were not able to reach the board via the fastboot tool.
(fastboot devices command not listing your device.)
3.1 Installation overview
To recover your board from the rescue-image, follow these steps:
step 1. Download rescue image from the 96Boards website
step 2. Copy the rescue image on a SD-card
step 3. Boot the board from the SD-card
3.2 Step1: Download the rescue image from the 96Boards website
Download and extract the Recovery image from the 96Boards website:
Image name
Website link
dragonboard410c_sd_card_r
escue.zip
http://builds.96boards.org/releases/dragonboard410c/linaro/rescue/latest/dragonboard
410c_sdcard_rescue*.zip
3.3 Step2: Copy the rescue image onto an SD-card
On Windows:
●Download the Win32DiskImager tool from here
●Start the DiskImager tool
●Under Image file select the path to the rescue-image
●Under Device choose the drive letter under which the SD-card was detected
●Click Write -> This will write the image onto the micro SD-card
On Linux:
Execute the following commands:
dd if=db410c_sd_rescue.img of=/dev/XXX bs=2M
sync
Where XXX is the device name
Warning: Do not override your hard drive. In most cases, XXX will be mmcblk0 or sdx where x depends on the number
of fixed disks in your system. You can determine the SD-cards device name by using the following command:

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sudo fdisk -l
Alternatively you can also use the following command to determine the SD-card device name:
dmesg | tail
3.4 step3: Boot the board from the SD-card
●Put the SD-card into your DragonBoard
●Set the boot switches S6 to 0100 (SD-card boot)
●Plug in the power cord -> the board should startup into fastboot mode and you should be able to reach the board
from the Host via the fastboot tool.
With fastboot up and running again you can now follow the usual procedure and flash you preferred OS as described in
chapter 2.2 step 1-7.

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4Running Linux: First steps
While it would go beyond the scope of this user guide to go into all aspects of running Linux, in this chapter we will go
over some of the most common use cases relevant to get started with the board.
4.1 LogIn
The Debian Image is setup to login automatically with the “linaro”account. The account credentials are as follows:
User: linaro
password: linaro
4.2 Setting up WiFi
After logging in, select the Network-Icon located at the lower right corner of the desktop .
You should be presented with a list of available networks.
Choose the network that you wish to connect to and provide the network password. The board will establish the
connection and after a few seconds you should see the network icon change to the following icon:

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5Linux Development Environment
The following picture depicts the typical development setup for the DragonBoard 410c:
For this Guide we assume a HostPC with Linux operating system as development machine. However development is also
possible on a HostPC with another operating system such as Microsoft Windows or Apple MacOS.
5.1 Toolchain
In order to build your own Linux applications for the DragonBoard you need a cross-development toolchain.
A toolchain consists of the following elements:
●Assembler
●Compiler
●Linker
●Debugger
●Runtime Libraries
●Utilities
The term “cross“-development toolchain refers to the toolchain being capable of running on a Host PC with architecture X
but producing binaries for a target with Architecture Y.
There are several toolchains available however for this guide we use the Linaro toolchain.
You can get the Linaro toolchain from the following website:
For 32bit Linux Host
http://releases.linaro.org/14.11/components/toolchain/binaries/arm-linux-gnueabihf/gcc-
linaro-4.9-2014.11-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf.tar.xz
For 64bit Linux Host
http://releases.linaro.org/14.11/components/toolchain/binaries/aarch64-linux-gnu/gcc-linaro-
4.9-2014.11-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu.tar.xz

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5.1.1 Installing the toolchain
In order to install the toolchain unpack the downloaded toolchain file in a folder of your choice.
For instance for the 64bit toolchain type the following:
~/DragonBoard/toolchain/:
tar xz gcc-linaro-4.9-2014.11-x86_64_aarch64-linux-gnu.tar.xz
5.2 Eclipse Development Environment
Eclipse is a free and open source Integrated Development environment that is highly customizable through a flexible
plugin system.
5.2.1 Installing Eclipse
You can download Eclipse from the following website:
For 32bit Host:
http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/download.php?file=/technology/epp/downloads/release/luna/SR2/eclipse-cpp-luna-
SR2-linux-gtk.tar.gz
For 64bit Host:
http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/download.php?file=/technology/epp/downloads/release/luna/SR2/eclipse-cpp-luna-
SR2-linux-gtk-x86_64.tar.gz
Copy the downloaded file to a location of your choice and extract it.
For example:
~/DragonBoard/ide/
tar xz eclipse-cpp-luna-SR2-linux-gtk-x86_64.tar.gz

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6Example1: HelloWorld application
With the Eclipse IDE and the toolchain installed we can now develop our fist Hello World application for the DragonBoard
410c.
The following example is assuming a Linux based host development machine.
6.1 Start the Eclipse IDE
To start the eclipse IDE switch to the eclipse installation folder and type the following command on a command line:
./eclipse
This will start the eclipse IDE. If you start Eclipse for the first time, Eclipse might ask you to choose the location of the
project workspace. Choose your preferred Workspace location or just accept the default by pressing OK. if you see a
welcome screen just close it by pressing the x-symbol on the top left corner of the screen. You should now see the actual
IDE surface.
6.2 Create a new project
Once the IDE is up and running, create a new project by selecting from the menu bar: File->New->C Project.
On the C Project Dialog:
In the Project type field choose: “Hello World ANSI C Project”-template
In the Project name field type the project name : “HelloDragonBoard”
In the Toolchains field select: Cross GCC
Click Next

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On the Basic settings Dialog:
Click next.
On the configuration Dialog:
Click next.
On the Cross GCC Command dialog :
Set cross compiler prefix to : aarch64-linux-gnu-
Set the cross compiler path to the /bin directory of the toolchain: <toolchain installation path>/bin
Click Finish
Once you click finish the project wizard will create the project for you:

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6.3 Implement application
The project template contains a basic Hello World implementation that will compile and run on the board. Feel free to
change the default “!!!Hello World!!!” message that is outputted on line 15 to “!!! Hello DragonBoard410c !!!”.
6.4 Build and transfer the application
Click the hammer at the top of the screen to build the Debug configuration. This will create an executable binary file
located in the projects debug directory. Copy the generated HelloDragonBoard executable to a flash drive and then, on
the DragonBoard, copy it to a simple location such as the user directory (~).
6.5 Execute the application
Before the application can be executed we need to change the permissions of the applications binary file to allow it to be
executed. To do this run the following command:

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chmod u+x HelloDragonBoard
The application can now be executed by running the command:
./HelloDragonBoard
You should see the “!!! Hello DragonBoard410c !!!” message output to the command line.

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7Example2: BlinkyLED
In this example we will access the hardware of the DragonBoard410c by toggling one of the User-LED’s on the board.
7.1 Create a new project
Create a new project as described in chapter 6.2 and name the project BlinkyLED.
7.2 Implement application
Replace the code in the BlinkyLED.c file with the code shown below.
/*
============================================================================
Name : BlinkyLED.c
Author :
Version :
Copyright : Your copyright notice
Description : Simple Hardware access example that blinks user-LED4
============================================================================
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
//defining the path to the file in the filesystem that controls the LED
#define LED4 "/sys/class/leds/apq8016-sbc\:green\:user3/brightness"
int main( void )
{
//opening the brightness-file
int led4_fd = open( LED4, O_WRONLY);
if(led4_fd < 0)
{
printf("Could not open File: %s", LED4);
return 0;
}
int i;
for( i=0; i<10;i++)
{
//Blinky code
write( led4_fd, "1", 2 ); //Turning the LED ON by writing 1 into the brightness file
sleep( 1 );
write( led4_fd, "0", 2 ); //Turning the LED OFF by writing 0 into the brightness file
sleep( 1 );
}
close(led4_fd);
}
7.3 Build and transfer the application
Click the hammer at the top of the screen to build the Debug configuration. This will create an executable binary file
located in the projects debug directory. Copy the generated executable to a flash drive and then, on the DragonBoard,
copy it to a simple location such as the user directory (~).
7.4 Execute the application