ANTICIPATION
The operation of a low voltage thermostat based solely
on mechanical means, generally results in wide varia-
tions in temperature in the conditioned area whether the
application is for heating or cooling. To insure a more
precise control of area temperature, low voltage thermo-
stats contain heating and cooling anticipators.
In addition to improved room temperature control, heat
anticipation contributes to better air circulation. The
burner may cycle on and off several times during one
cycle of the fan. Since heat anticipators are powered
and effective only during the heating cycle, they are
placed in series with the control contacts. When the
contacts are closed, power is supplied to the heat
anticipator resistor.
MANUAL SWITCHING OPERATIONS
Generally, a sub-base used to control both heating and
cooling equipment will contain two switches, one
marked "FAN" and one marked "SYSTEM."
FAN SWITCH
ON Constant fan. The fan will run continuously re-
gardless of the thermostat demand.
AUTO The fan runs only as required by the system
operatlon.
SYSTEM SWITCH
HEAT - Heating system only, operates in response
to the thermostat.
OFF Heating system and cooling system both off.
COOL - Cooling system only, operates in response to
the thermostat.
CAL/TION: Care should always be taken in the align-
ment of the thermostat attaching screws, as they may
also serve as terminal connectors. If threads are
stripped, a poor electrical connection will result.
INSTALLATION AND SERVICE
l. A low voltage thermostat is a precision instru-
ment and should be treated as one. Care must be
used to insure a level installation with thermostats
using mercury bulbs.
2. Mount on a solid wall.
3. Locate the thermostat on an inside wall four to
five feet above the floor in an area free from drafts
and direct sunlight. Do not locate where directly
affected by lamps, fireplaces, appliances, or on walls
containing hot or cold pipes, ducts, chimneys.
4. Be sure anticipator matches or is adjusted to
match current (amp) draw of equipment being
controlled.
5. Make all wiring connections clean and tight'
lf a heating system has an improperly sized anticipator
and excessive heat is generated in the thermostat, the
result is a short "on" cycle. During periods when the
system is running close to its full capacity, more of the
heat sensed by the bi-metal is from the anticipator
than from room air; and the controlled area tempera-
ture will progressively decrease.
THERMOSTATS
Insufficient heat anticipation in a heating system results
in the bi-metal lagging behind the room temperature
change. This will cause longer "on" and longer "ofl'
periods with a resultant larger room temperature
varlatlon.
A common heating valve current draw is 0.4 amps,
and this should be matched on any adjustable antici-
pator. If the adjustable anticipator is set appreciably
higher, for example rJ.1 amps, it will increase the
room temperature variations by 3oF. or 4oF. and cause
longer running cycles.
For longer "on" periods, set the heat anticipation ad-
justment pointer at slightly higher amp value. For
shorter "on" periods, set the pointer at slightly lower
amp value. Move only t/q to /z scale division at a time.
(Never set the pointer at more than I % scale divisions
below the amp rating of the valve or relay current
rating.)
The anticipation function in a cooling thermostat is the
reverse of its heating application. The cooling antici-
pator is powered during the "ofl' cycle. As the room
temperature increases, heat is applied to the bi-metal
decreasing the time necessary for the bi-metal to close
the contacts. Excessive cool anticipator temperature
results in shorter "offl' periods, consequently, more
frequent cycling of the cooling equipment. Insufficient
anticipation in a cooling thermostat causes long "ofl'
and cycles resulting in larger temperature
variations in the room.
ANTICIPATION PROBLEMS
HEATING
SETTING TOO LOW
l. Excess anticipation "on" cycles too short.
2. Rapid cycling.
3. Small temperature swings from the setting with
a tendency to drop.
SETTING TOO HIGH
l. Insufficient anticipation cycles too long.
2. lnfrequent cycling.
3. Wide temperature swings from the set point with
a tendencl to lag.
COOI,ING
RESISTOR TOO SMALL
L Voltage too low.
2. Short "ofl' time.
3. Short "on" time.
4. Rapid cycling.
5. Temperature maintained closer to the set point
with a tendency to rise.
R'.S/.STOR TOO IARGE
l. Voltage roo high.
2. "Off'time too long.
3. "On" time too long.
4. Fewer "on" cycles.
5. Wide temperature swings from the set point with
a tendency to lag.
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