Crown D-60 User manual

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D-60

DUAL-CHANNEL

,

POWER AMPLIFIER

www.SteamPoweredRadio.Com

I

§)

D-60

I IM-6

S6P2

-13-5

croUJn

I

INSTRUCTION

MANUAL

I

SERIAL

NO.

/

(:,II

I

ISSUED

TO

I

D-60

I DUAL-CHANNEL

POWER AMPLIFIER

I

CROWN

INTERNATIONAL

INC

. BOX

1000

ELKHART,

INDIANA

46614

www.SteamPoweredRadio.Com

I

FULL

THR

EE-

YEAR

WARRANTY

THE

WARRANTY

For

a period

of

three

yea.rs from

the

date

of

delivery

to

the

original Purchaser, Crown

Int

ernational, Inc.

(hereinafter

"Crown")

warrants

to

the

original

and any

subsequent purchaser

of

each new Crown

component

(except Crown recorders)

that

it

is free from

any

substantial defects

in

materials

or

workmanship

and

that

it

will

meet

or

exceed all advertised specifications

for

such

component.

NOT

IFICATION

OF

CLAIMS

The

Purchaser

must

notify

Cr

own

in writing

at

the

address

set

forth

below

of

any

claimed breach

of

war•

ranty.

Such notification shall

be

delivered

to

Crown within a reasonable length

of

time

llfter

the

discovery

of

the

claimed

defect

and

not

later

than

ninety

days

after

expiration

of

the

warranty

period. Within

ten

business days

after

r

eceipt

of

the

notification, Crown will request Purchaser

to

dd

iver

the

component

to

llD

authorizedservice

agency

for

repairs

or

will deliver

to

Purcl:iaser

written

authorization

to

return

the

component

to

Crown

for

fac-

tory

wuranty

service.

If

Crown's

(or

its

authorized

service agency's) inspection reveals

that

there

has

been

a

breach

of

the

warranty,

Crown

(or

its 11uthorized service dealer) will initiatecorrective repllirs within

thirty

days

after

receipt

of

the

component.

All

components

must

be

shipped

in

original

factory

pack, which

if

needed, may

be

obtained

from Crown free

of

charge.. All such repairs, including labor,

pa

.

rts

llOd

shipping costs within

the

United

States

wiJI

be

made

at

Crown's

expense. PurchllSCr

must

beu

the

expense

of

sh

ipping

the

component

between

any

foreign

country

llnd

the

part

of

entry

in

the

United States,

and

all taxes,

duties

and ot

her

custom's

for

such foreign shipments. WARRANTY

If

the

repairs

made

by

Crown

or

the

authorized

service dealerarc

not

satisfactory, Purchaser

sho

uld immcdi·

atdy

give

written

notification

to

Crown.

If

the

defect

or

malfunction remains

after

a reasonable

number

of

attempts

by

Crown

to

remedy

the

defect

or

malfunction,

the

Purchasershall

then

have

the

option

to

elect

either

a r

efund

for

or

replacement

without

charge

of,

the

Crown

component.

The

refund

shall

be

an

llmountequal

to

the

actual purchase price,

not

including any interest, insurllOce, closing costs llnd

other

finllnce chllrge, minus

reasonable depreciation

on

the

component.

If

a

refund

is demanded,

the

PurchllSCr

must

make

the

defective

or

malfunctioning

component

available

to

Crown free

and

clear

of

llll liens or

other

encumb

rances. ShouldCrown

fail

to

meet

its

obli.gation hereunder, PurchllSCr

may

sue Crown

to

secure

its

compliance

with

this

warranty. ANY

SUIT BY PURCHASER

FOR

BREACH

OF

THIS WARRANTY MUST BE FILED WITHIN

FOUR

(4) YEARS

OF

THE DATE

OF

DELIVERY

TO

THE

ORIGINAL PURCHASER.

WARRANTY VIOLATIONS

CROWN SHALL H

AVE

NO RESPONSIBILITY IF

TH

E COMPONENT HAS BEEN SUBJECT

TO

MISUSE,

ACCIDENT, NEGLECT

OR

FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH NORMAL MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES

OR

IF

THE

SER

I

AL

NUMBER HAS BEEN DEFACED, ALTERED

OR

REMOVED;

NOR

WILL CROWN ACCEPT

RESPONSIBILITY

FOR

OR

RESULTING FROM IMPROPER

ALTERAT

IONS

OR

UNAUTHORIZED

PARTS

OR

REPAIRS. THIS WARRANTY DOES NOT COVER ANY DAMAGE

TO

SPEAKERS OR ANY

OTHER

CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM BREACH

OF

ANY WRITTEN

OR

IMPLIED

WARRANTY. MODIFICATIONS

OF

EQUIPMENT

Crown reserves

the

right

to

modify

or

chllDge

equipment

in

whole

or

pan

at

llDY

time

prior

to

delivery thcrof,

in

order

to

include therein electrical

or

mcchllDical improvementsde

emed

appropriate

by

Cr

own,

but

without

in-

curring llny liability

to

modify

or

chllnge

any

equipment

previously delivered,

or

to

supply new equip

ment

in

accordllDce

with

llDY

ellrlicrspecification.

WARRANTY AL

TERAT

IONS

NO

PERSON HAS

THE

AUTHORI

TY TO

ENLARGE, AMEND

OR

MODIFY

THI

S WARRANTY. THE

WARRANTY IS

NOT

EXTENDED

BY

THE

LENGTH

OF

TIME

WH

ICH THE PURCHASER IS DEPRIVED

OF

THE USE

OF

THE

COMPONENT. REPAIRS AND REPLACEMENT PARTS PROVIDED PURSUANT

TO

THIS WARRANTY

SHALL

CARRY ONLY

THE

UNEXPIRED

PORT

ION

OF

THIS WARRANTY.

CR

OWN

INTERNATIONAL, INC.

1718

West Mishawaka Road, Elkhart, lndillDa 46S

14

OWNER

----------------------------------

ADDRESS

________________________________

_

THIS STATEMENT

OF

WARRANTY SUPERSEDES

ALL

OTHERS

CONTAINED IN THJS MANUAL

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I

TABLE

Of

CONTENTS

PAGE

Section 1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.4

Section 2

2.1

2

.2

2.3

2.4

2.

4.1

2.

5

2.6

Section 3

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

3.5

Section 4

4.1

4.2

4.3

Section 5

DESCRIPTION

General ....................

..

..................................

..

.........................................................

....

........ 1

Specifications .............................................................................

..

....... 2, 3, 4,

5,

6, 7, 8, 9

Warranty ............................................................

..

...............................................

..

.

...

..

...... 10

Acces

so

ries .............................................................................

..

....

....................

..

.

...

..

....... 10

INSTALLATION

Unpacking ..............................................................

..

...

..

...

..........

...

..

..............

..

...........

11

Mounting ............................................

..

.......................

..

...................

..

.............................. 11

Normal Hi

-Fi

Installation ..........

..

.

..

.............

..

................................................................... 13

Conne

cting Output Lines ..................................................

..

.............................

..

............. 13

Mono Operation .

..

....

...

..

...

..

...

.......

....

.

..

...

........

...

..

.

..

.

..

......

..

......

..

....

......

..

.

..

...

..

........ 14

Connecting Input Lines ..................

..

....

..

...............................

..

........................................ 15

Connecting

Power

............................................................................................................ 16

OPERATING

INSTRUCTIONS

Controls and Adjustments ......................

..

...

..

.

..

............................................................

..

17

The Protection Mechanisms ........................................................................................... 17

Operating

Pre

cautions ..............................................................

..

..................................... 19

Load

Protection Methods

....

..

....

.

..

....

..

...

..

...

..

............

..

....

.

..

...

....

..

...

..

.

..

.....

19

Cleaning ...................................

..

.......

..

.

..

..............

..

........................................................... 20

CIRCUITRY

Principles

of

Operation .......................................................................

..

..........................

21

Test Procedures .................................................

..

..........

..

..........

...

.......

..

.....

..

.................

21

Service .........................................................................................

..

.............

..

.

..

.

..

..........

..

22

APPLICATION

NOTES

Note #1 V-I Limits of a

Load

.......................................................................................... 23

Note #2 Speaker Protection

......

...

..

....

..

.......

..

.........................

..

............................

...

.... 25

I

LIST

Of

ILLUSTRATIONS

I

TITLE

PAGE

1-1 D-60 Pictorial ...........................................................

....

.......

..

.....

...

.....

..

...........

..

................. 1

1-2 D-60 and

VFX-2

in Optional 5-R Enclosure ...................................

..

.....

....................... 10

2-1

End

-

Cap

/Bracket Mounting ..

...

..........

..

......

..

..................................................................

11

2-2 Mounting Dimensions

..

...................................................................................................

11

2-3 Normal

Hi

-

Fi

Installation .....................................................

..

..........................

...

....

..

....... 12

2-4

Rear

View

of Chassis ........................

..

...............

...

.....

.............................

..

....................... 13

2-5 Schematic for Full

Range

Electrostatic Speaker Connection

..

.................................... 13

2-6 Source Resistance and Damping Factor

vs

. Length and Size of Output

Leads

........ 14

2-7 D-60 Mono Hook-

up

...................................................

..

......

..

......

..

....

..

......

..

.

..

............ 15

2-8 Graph for

Sele

ction

of

Input Capacitor ................................

..

.

.....

...........

..

.................. 15

2-9

Low

-

Pa

ss Filters for

Severe

RF

at

Inputs .....................

..

.....

......

................................. 15

3-1 Operating Controls

..

.........

..

...............

'.

..

.........

..

............................................

..

.........

..

....

17

3-2 Graph

of

VI

Operating

Range

of

D-60 Output .........

..

....................

..

.......

..

................. 18

3-3

Fuse

Sele

c

tor

Nomograph for Loudspeaker Protection ....

..

...............

..

........................ 19

3-4

Relay-

Controlled Protector with Overload Indicator ....

...

..

............................................ 20

3-5 Turn-on-Transient Muter for

Load

Protection

..

.......................................................

..

20

Schematic

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I

Section 1

DESCRIPTION

1.1

GENERAL

FIG.

1 -1

INTEGRATED CIRCUIT STEREO

D-60

AMPLIFIER

The D-60 is a dual-channel medium power ampli-

fier for ultra-low distortion amplification from

5Hz to 20KHz with operation into loads

of

4 ohms

and higher. The

unit

features extremely low har-

monic and intermodulation distortion, very l

ow

noise, highest "damping factor," and quality parts

and workmanship. The

unit

may

be

wired to pro-

duce a balanced 25 volt monaural output. The am-

plifier is fully protected against mismatched and

shorted loads by a resetting

V-1

(volt-ampere)

limiter having no obnoxious muting or program

delays.

The power supply features large computer-grade

filter capacitors.

1

A total of 24 discrete transistors, 1 linear

IC

(dual

op amp), 14 diodes and 1 bridge rectifier are uti-

lized in a

CROWN-pionee

red Class

AB+B

output

circuit The effective number of semiconductors

is 40 transistors and 24 diodes

Th

e input voltage-amplifiers, (I

C),

are powered by

two voltage-regulated supplies. This results in

complete channel-to-channel isolation and inde-

pendence from line voltage variations.

Two level controls are mounted

on

the front panel

to allow balancing and optimizing of system levels.

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2

1.2

SPECIFICATIONS

1.2.1

STEREO

SPECIFICATIONS

I

Output Power

28

watts per channel mm1mum RMS (both channels oper- I

ating) into an8 ohm loadovera bandwidthof

20Hz-20

KHzata

rated RMS sum total harmonic distortion of

0.05

% of the fun- I

damental output voltage.

Frequency Response :t.0.ldB 20Hz-20KHz

at

1 watt into 8 ohms;

.t.J.2d8 5Hz-100KHz at 1 watt into 8

ohms

.

..

lKHz

<Power ,

35

watts

RMS

into8

ohms

,perchannel, both channelsoperating, 0.1%total harmonic

distortion.

Harmonic Distortion Less than 0.

001

%from 20Hz-400Hz, and increasing linearly

to

0.05%

at

20KHz at 28

watts

RMS

per channel into 8 ohms.

I.M. Distortion ·

(60Hz-7KHz 4:1)

Slewing

Rate

Damping Factor

Le

ss

than

0.05

%

from

0.01 watts

to

0.25watts,and lessthan0.01%from0.25watts to

28 watts into 8

ohms

per channel.

6voltspermicrosecond (slewing rate is

the

maximum

value

of

the

first

derivativeofthe

output

signal,

or

the

maximum

slope

of

the outp

ut

signal).

Greater than 400,

DC

-400Hz

into

8

ohms

.

Output Impedance Less than

15

milliohms in series with less than 3 microhenries.

Load Impedance

Voltage Gain

Input Sensitivity

Output Signal

Rated for 8 ohm usage; safely drives any load including completely reactive loads.

20.6:t.2%

or

26

.3:t.

0.2

d8

at

maximum gain.

0.75

volts .:2% for

28

watts into 8 ohms.

Unbalanced, dual channel.

I

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I

3

1.2.2 MONAURAL SPECIFICATIONS

Ou

t

put

Power

56

watts

minimum

RMS

into

a 16

ohm

load

over

a

bandwidth

of

20Hz-20KHz at a

rated

RMS

sum

total

harmonic

distortion

of

0.05%

of

the fundamental output

voltage.

Frequency

Response

±.

0.2dB 20Hz-20KHz, 1 watt,

16

ohms.

±.ldB 6Hz-50KHz, 1 watt, 16 ohms.

lKHz

Power

70 watts

RMS

into 16 ohms.

Harmonic Distortion

Less

than 0.001% from 20Hz-400Hz and increasing linearly to 0.05%at20KHz at 56

watts into

16

ohms.

I.M

. Distortion

Less

than 0.05%from 0.01 wattsto0.25watts,and lessthan 0.01%from0.25watts

to56

watts into 16 ohms.

Slewing

Rate

12 volts per microsecond.

Damping Factor Greater than 400,

DC

-400Hz into 16 ohms.

Output Impedan

ce

Less

than 30 milliohms in series with less than 6 microhenries.

Load

Impedance

Rated

for 16 ohm usage, safely drives any load including completely reactive

loads.

Voltage

Gain

41.2±2%or 32.3±.0.2dB at maximum gain.

Input Sensitivity 0.75 volts ±2%for 56 watts into 16 ohms.

Output Signal Balanced, single channel.

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4

1.2.3

GENERAL

SPECIFICATIONS

Hum and Noise

(20Hz-20KHz)

Phase

Response

Input Impedance

Amplifier Output

Protection

Overall Protection

DC

Output Offset

(Shorted Input)

Turn-on

Circuit

Power

Supply

Power

Requirements

Heat Sinking

Chassis

Controls

Connectors

Dimensions

Weight

Finish

106dB below rated output.

+10, -15° 20Hz-20KHz

at

1 watt.

25K ohms

±30

%.

Short, mismatch,and open

circuit

proof.V-1

limiting

isinstantaneouswith

no

annoy-

ing

thumps, cutout, etc.

AC

line fused. Controlled slewing rate voltage amplifiers protect overall amplifier

against

RF

burnouts.

Input

overload protection isfurnished byinternal resistanceat

inputs

of

amp.

10 millivolts

or

less.

Instantaneous, with

minimum

thumps

and no program delay.

Wideband

multiple

feedback loopdesign utilizingone linear

IC

(dual

op

-amp).Total

equivalent

of

40

transistors, 18 signal diodes, 2 zeners, and 4 rectifier diodes.

Special design low profile transformer. Computer grade filter capacitors.

Two

regulated supplies for complete isolation and stability.

Requires 50Hz-400Hz

AC

on 100, 120, 200, 220,

or

240

volts ±10% operation

Draws

15

watts

or

less on idle, 120 watts

at

56

watts total output.

The entire amplifier isused as a heatsink. Frontpanel extrusion acts as a heatsink

along with

the

chassis covers.

Aluminum chassis construction for maximum heat conduction and minimum

weight.

Two

input

level controls on front panel with powerswitch and pil

ot

light. A mono-

stereo switch is located next

to

the

input

jacks on the rear panel.

Input -

1/4

inch phone jack.

Output -Color-coded binding posts with stereo

1/4

inch earphone jack on front

panel.

AC

Line -Three-wire (grounded) male connector on 5 foot

minimum

cable.

17inches long,8¾inchesdeep, and 1

¾ inches high (8 inchesdeepfrommounting

surface). 19 inch standard rack mounting hardware included.

10 pounds net weight

Satinized aluminum front panel with gray suede Lexan insert.

•

I

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I

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6 I

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www.SteamPoweredRadio.Com

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I 9

I

16

I 14

NOMINAL LIMITS

I

OF

12

V-1

OUTPUT

10

I 8

I 6

I 4

I 2

DISCLOSURE

I PROHIBITED 0 1

our

effective Nov. 4,

1974

I ·2

I .4

I

·6

I -8

I ·

10

·12

I -14

I ·16

I ·60 .50

.40

.30 ·

20

-10 0 10 20 30

40

50

60

I

Your

I

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10

1.3

WARRANTY

CROWN

guarantees this equi

pment

to

perform

as

specified.

CROWN

also warrants the

com

ponents

and workmanship ofthis equipment

to

be free from

defectsfor a period

of

3years fromdate

of

purchase.

This warrantydoes

not

extend

to

fuses,and

/o

r

com

-

ponent

or

equipment damage

due

to negligence,

misuse, shippingdamage

or

accide

nt

;

or

if

the serial

number has been defaced, altered

or

removed.

A copy of the FULL THREE-

YEAR

WARRANTY

is

in

-

cluded with this manual. The

WARRANTY

issubject

to the conditions contained therein. Upon receipt

of

the registration form,

CROWN

will issue a

WAR-

RAN

TY TI

TLE.

This title applies

to

the original end-

purchaser

as

well as subsequent purchasers.

You,

the purchaser(s), are responsible

for

accurate,

complete records (sales slips, invoices, etc.) for

FULL coverage!

1.4

ACCESSORY

EQUIPMENT

1.4.1

"R

"

SERIES

WALNUT

ENCLOSURES

Rich oiled-walnut veneers, highlighted with flatback

trim, accentthe

D-6O

when installedon ashelf

or

ta-

ble in an "

R"

series enclosure. The design

of

these

enclosur

es

permits vertical stacking

of

several com-

ponents. Several cabinet sizes are available which

accommodate

multiple

components in one enclo-

sure. Available sizes are 5-R, 7-R, 10-R, and

14

-R.

1.4.2

VFX

-2

The

CROWN

VFX-2

is a dual-channel variable elec-

tronic filter-crossover. When used with a power

amplifier

it

can greatly add

to

thetotal system capa-

bility.

In

combination with the D-6

O,

the

VFX

-2 adds

several convenient useful functions.

The connections are made with the

VFX

-2 quickly

and easily.

If

abalanced lineistobeused withtheun-

balanced

input

of

theD-6Othe

VFX-2

canserveasthe

interface. While maintaining these functions the

output

can be shaped

by

selecting variable high-

pass,lo-pass,

or

band-passfilters.

As

a

filter

,the

VFX-

2 can be used

as

acrossover

or

ahead

of

severalam-

plifiers in a

bi

-

or

tri

-amped system.

FIG. 1-2

D-60

AND

VFX-2

IN

OPTIONAL

5 -R ENCLOSURE

I

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I

2

.1

UNPACKING

As

soon

as

the amplifier shipment is received,

please inspect for any damage incurred in transit.

Since the unit was carefully inspected and tested

at

the factory,

it

left the factory unmarred.

If

dam-

age

is found, notify the transportation company

immediately. Only the consignee may institute a

claim with the carrier for damage during ship-

ment. However,

CROWN

will cooperate fully in

such

an

event.

Be

sure to

save

the carton

as

evi-

dence

of

damage for the shipper's inspection.

Even

if

the

unit

arrived in perfect condition -

as

most do -

it

is advantageous to save the packing

materials. They will prove valuable in preventing

damage should there ever be occasion to transport

orship the uni

t.

Notethecarton and internal pack-

each

is

designed for protection during transit.

Do

not ship the unitwithout this factory pack!

2.2

MOUNTING

The D-60 is shipped with end-caps installed.These

end-caps are used

for

custom panel mounting.

Insucha

"c

ustominstallati

on

,"installasolidshelf,to

support the amp. Itshould be flush with the bottom

edge

of

the required 17" wide x 1¾" high panel-cut-

out. The shelf should have a hole cutin ittoallow

air

tocirculate freely to thelouvers inthe bottomcover.

Angle brackets supplied with the D-

60

are used for

rack mounting and for installation into the

5-R

or

other larger

CROWN

"rack" cabinets. Align these

angle brackets

on

the

unit

to matchthe holeswhich

held the end bars.

Use

6/ 32 x ½ socketcap screws

(Note: Socket screws may look as though they are

crossthreading

but

will straighten approximately

halfway through).

See

figure 2-1.

IND

IIACKIT

] 0

I

'

1111()

.:i

I

l 0

FIG.

2-1

END-CAP/BRACKETMOUNTING

11

Section

2

ISTILLITION

Sufficient ventilation

must

be provided forthe unit.

Thismeansthat

air

must

be

allowed

tocirculateover

the chassis

to

preventoverheatint. Applications -

other than "Hi-Fi" -requirin1 Iona, sustained sig-

nals

at

hi&h power-levels may require the use

of

a

coolin1 fan. When rack mountin1,

it

isa

1ooct

prac-

tice to allow a 13

/4"

spaceabove and below theunit.

(See

fi1ure 2-2 for mountin1 dimensions.)

~I

oo

o 0 0

Id

..

ilo

o o 0 0 Ii]!

'-------

..

I

1-

L-,.__---.1..l---,C~

..

'ff

@

l_..LJ·~-·

_1_11_,1_11

_111_1

i_11

_111--->..:1

o:.<-+,i

~-~

·~

h

•

l.,..1

, 0

l

•

i •

o@

l+------k'-----1

FIG.

2-2

0 -

60

MOUNTING DIMENSIONS

www.SteamPoweredRadio.Com

POWER

AMPLIFIER

PROTECTION

SYSTEMS

PROTECT

AMPLIFIERS,

BUT

NOT

SPEAKERS!

3

to

2

wire

adapter

Switched

Outlet

TPOT

MA

IN TAN

2 1 2 1

~l

HT

@)@

~II

GH

T~

0

ro

'2'

O

TO

IBI

I

ICO

I 0 U

IN,U

T

NP

OT

---

Shielded

Audio

Cables

Tie

RCA

-

to

-¼

" Phone

Power

Cable

MONO

-STEREO

SWITCH

+

Right

Speaker

MOP

(Dual

Banana)

Plugs

Not

e!

IN

-LINE FUSES

FIG. 2-3

NO

RMAL HI-Fl INSTALLATION

YOU,

AND

/

OR

YOUR

SPEAKER

MANUFACTURER

ARE

RESPONSIBLE FOR SPEAKER PROTECTION

+

Left

Speaker

I

www.SteamPoweredRadio.Com

I

2.3

NORMAL

HI-Fl

INSTALLATION

1.

Two-conductor speaker cables must connect to

the

OUTPUT

dual binding posts using terminal

lugs, tinned ends,

or

"banana" plugs.

2.

Since the 0-

60

is a "basic amplifier," the main

outputs of the control-center or "preamplifier"

must

be

connected via shielded audio-cables to the

two jacks marked I

NPUT.

Use

RCA-pin at preamp

and standard ¼ in. phone-plug at the D-60.

The

two cables should be tied parallel along their

entire length using the accessory cable ties.

3. U/ L requirements prefer a 3-wire

AC

power

conne

c

tor

; however,

proper

connections to a

switched outlet on the control center requires the

use

of a 3-to-2 wire adapter.

NOW

, plug the

AC

into a

S'!'it

c

hed

outlet

on

the control center.

4.

Your Control Center may now

be

turned on.

Then

advance the 0-60 Input-Gain Controls about

½

-open

(150° clockwise).

When

using the

CROWN

IC

-150A Control-Center,

the

VOLUME

should attain almost full rotation

(2

to 4 o'clock) for loudest "concert-hall" volume.

If at 3 o'clock the volume

is

low, increase the D-60

input gain controls;

if

too

high,

de

c

rease

the D-60

gains.

To assure maximum enjoyment and full speaker

protection, read the following detailed sections on

OUTPUTS,

I

NPUTS

and Chapter 3-0PERATION.

2.4

CONNECTING

OUTPUT

LINES

Input and output connectors

are

located

on

the

chassis

as

shown in

Fig

. 2-4.

FIG.

2-4

REAR VIEW

OF

CHASSIS

13

It

is

always wise to remove power from the unit

and

turn the input level controls off while making

connections, especially

if

the load is a loudspeaker

system. This will eliminate any chance of loud

blasts.

CROWN

is not liable for damage incurred

at any transducer to its being overpowered! The

use of speaker fuses is recommended.

Before making connections,

it

is recommended

that the operator familiarize himself with the am-

plifiers protective system.

See

Section 3.2.

Sec

-

tion 3.3 entitled "Operating Precautions" should

also

be

read.

Because the output wire gauge and length raises

the

resultant

source impedance or lowers

the Damping Factor

by

adding series resistance,

the nomograph

(Fig.

2-6)

is

provided for wi

re

se

-

lection.

For

dynamic moving-coil loudspeakers

the value

RL

should preferably

be

that measured

by

an

ohmmeter across the voice coil, rather than

the manufacturer's

rating

.

For

electrostat

ic

speakers

and

such, the manufacturer's rated im-

pedance should be used for

RL

.

If the load (matching transformer, inductance,

or

full-range electrostatic speaker system) appears

as

a short-circuit at low frequencies, a large non-

polarized capacitor (paralleled with a resistor)

should be placed in series with the load.

4n

,

20

W I

,,_ I

A-.

+ I

,~-

fu

ll

.__.

Output

....

,

.....

tic

S

90

·

7M

.... I

r~

,.......,._

110

VAC,NJl

l

~

.......

,

...

Ir>

·--,

GND

'--

FIG. 2-5

SCHEMA

TIC

FOR FULL RANGE

ELECTROSTATIC SPEAKER CONNECTION

For electrostatic speakers

(if

the manufacturer

has

not provided a capacitor)

an

external non-

polar capacitor of 590-708 mfd and 4 ohm power

resistor should

be

placed in series with the plus

(+) speaker lead. This will prevent large

low-

frequency currents from damaging the electro-

static transformer or from unnecessarily acti-

vating the D-60's protective system.

An

effective

www.SteamPoweredRadio.Com

14

40 .

04

RL

.A>6

Rs

LOAD

Rs SOUICI

ANNEALED

30

.1

RESISTANCE

DAMPING

RESISTANCE

COPPER

(e

hfflsl F

ACTOR

(eh..,,)

2-COND,

WIii

100

(AWO)

20

,,

..

,,

.4 s

-•2•

10

so

.

24

...

~

••

-•22

15 «

20

'l

'

20

10

s 2

10

2000

9 ,

(;

2 4

5000

I .s -

•4

•

•2

7

-•

o

10

-•oo

6

.1

-=•oooo

.OS

s

20

4

40

.01

FIG.

2-6

SOURCE RESISTANCE

and

DAMPING

FACTOR

VS.

LENGTH

and

SIZE

of

OUTPUT LEADS

test

to

determine if such parts are needed is to

measure the

DC

resistance between the output

terminals with an ohmmeter. If the resistance

is

less than 3 ohms, the parts should be added as

shown schematically in Fig. 2-5.

When

selecting connectors

for

the load (speaker)

end

of

the output lines, the following general pre-

cautions apply (with all power connectors):

1. A male plug, carrying signal,

must

not

be on

the far end

of

the line where

it

can be ex-

posed, giving rise

to

both shock and short-

circuit hazards.

2. Connectors which

might

accidentally cause

the two channels

to

be tied together

during

makingand breaking

of

connection should not

be

used.

3.

Connectors

which can be plugged into

AC

power receptacles should

ne

ver be used.

4. Connectors having low-current carrying ca-

pacity are "verboten."

5. Connectors having any tendency to short,

or

having shorted leads, are unadvisable.

2.4.1

MONO

OPERATION

A mono-stereo switch on the rear panel adjacent

to

the

input

jacks, allows the D-

60

to

be operated nor-

mally(stereo)

or

in mono,with nointernal modifica-

tion.(

See

figure 2-7.) When in themonoposition, the

inputcircuitry

of

the D-

60

ischanged sothatthetwo

amplifiers are "added" for monooutput.

(See

mono

specifications, page 3).

Care mustbetaken in the externalhook-

up

toassure

proper operation. Proceed

as

follows:

1. The input line should be plugged into the chan-

nel 1 input jack. The level is adjusted with the

Channel 1

input

level control.

NOTE

:The Channel 2 inputjackand level control

arenotdefeated inthe Mono mode. However, the

Channel 2 inputshould notbe used inthis mode.

If

a Channel 2

input

is

added

to

the Channel 1

input, distortion mayresult.

If

Channel 2 inputis

used alone, very low poweroutputwill result. For

best results unplug the input

to

Channel 2 when

operatinR Mono.

I

www.SteamPoweredRadio.Com

I

2. Connect output lines as per the following draw-

ing, Figure 2-

7.

Theoutputfromthe D-60inMono

is

BALANCED

and is isolated from the c

ha

ssi

s,

and

fr

om the input grounds to the D-60.

CAUTION:

Be

certain thatall equipment(meters,

switches,

et

c.) connected to the Mono output

lines

is

balanced. Both sides ofthe line must

be

totally isolated from the inputgrounds, to the D-

60.

If

this is notobserved, severe

os

cillati

on

may

result.

FIG.

2-7

D-

60

MONO

HOOK

-UP

2.5

CONNECTING

INPUT

LINES

Connecting the inputs will require observance

of

three basic precautions: Undesirable

signals

to the

inputs, "ground loops," and feed back from out-

put(s) to input(s).

In high-fidelity

audio

applications

any good

vacuum-tube or solid-state control center will

operate successfully into the 25K ohm inputs

of

the D-60. Occasionally a high-impedance output

of

poorly-designed preamps will

be

encountered, and/

or a larger output coupling capacitor may

be

re-

quired (to prevent excessive low-frequency rolloff).

15

Fo

r loudspeaker-driving applications, the input

should

be

free of large sub-audio or undesired low

frequencies,

as

they cause overheating and over-

loading

of

the loudspeaker.

To

remove

su

ch

low

fr

equencies, a series

ca

pacitor may be placed in

the input signal lin

e.

(

Th

e gra

ph

of figu

re

2-8 in-

dicat

es

the effe

ct

of the size of the capacitor

on

the

fr

equency response.) Only a low

-l

eaka

ge

paper,

mylar, or t

an

tal

um

ca

pa

citor should

be

use

d for

this p

ur

pose.

..

0

·•

·U

"""~

--

i,..,"'

1.-'

~

i,,.~~ 1

........

....

~

...

~

I,,"

ir·

IN

■

,

.....

IKM

■

IOKN

■

JIIQUINC'I'

FIG. 2-8

GRAPH

for

SELECTION

of

INPUT CAPACITOR

If large amounts of ultrasonic

or

RF

frequencies

are found on the input, such

as

bias from tape

re

-

corders,

et

c.

, a low-pass filter should

be

plac

ed

on

the input. While practically-obtainable

RF

input

levels will not damage the amplifier, they may

cause burn-out

of

tweeters

or other

sensitive

loads, activate the amplifier's protective systems,

or cause general overload in the controlled-slew-

ing-rate stage of the amp (which is employed to

provide

RF

overload protection).

The

following

filters are recommended for such applications.

~

,.

.~vv_.~-

-.

.

"'I

J C. •

....

"'~

~

.,

....

~

\.

~

"'~

'

~

1, \

12Alo

....

.

"'

\

...

•

..

20

NOT11 A

i,...z

•••9tl

..

...

,.....

..

toOl\.,,eA

......,..

..

,..

,

.....

. 411M,

to•M

•

40.N,

lOOKHa

PUQUINCT

FIG. 2 -9

LOW

-PASS

Fil

TERS

FOR SEVERE RF

AT

INPUTS

A second precaution

is

"ground loops" -elec-

tronic jargon for undesirable circulating currents

flowing in a grounding system. A common form of

loop (possibly resulting in hum in the output)

is

a

www.SteamPoweredRadio.Com

16

pair of input

ca

bles wh

os

e area is subjected to a

magnetic hum field. In prac

ti

ce, both cables should

lie together along their length, and

awa

y

fr

om the

po

we

r

.t

ransformer. Tying the input and output

grounds togeth

er

may also form a ground loop.

A third pr

ec

aution (with input and output grounds

together, as in testing or m

et

ering) is f

ee

d

ba

ck

oscillation, from load c

ur

rent flowing in the loop.

In indus

tr

ia

l u

se

, even the

AC

power line may

pr

o-

vide this feedb

ac

k path. Proper groundin

g,

and

isolation of input

s,

of common-A

C-

line

de

vic

es

is

go

od

practice. Refer to Section 4.2, par. 5 for t

es

t-

ing precautions.

2.6

CONNECTING

POWER

The amplifier

is

furnished with a three-wire

AC

plug as standard equipment. Adapters are readily

available co

mm

ercially for adapting this to a two-

wire

sys

tem

if

n

ec

e

ss

ary.

240

VOLT

CONVERSION

The 0-60

powe

r supply may

be

connected forany of

five voltages. Convertingfrom one to anothercan

be

simplyaccomplished with a

so

lderingir

on

and apair

of wire cutters. Follow the table sho

wn

with the

schematic.

1) Remove the top cover

of

the 0-60 (held

on

by 8

scr

ews)

.

2) With the unitrightside up,and thefront panel to-

ward

you

, locate the terminal strip

on

thefront in

the near right-hand corner.

3) Make the appropriate change in

jum

pers for the

desired operating voltage.

4) Replace the 2 amp line fuse wi

th

a 1 amp type

3AG

fuse, for all connections 200V and above.

5) Change the line cord tag to r

ead

the correct

voltage.

When

testingthe amplifier, the line voltage must

be

the peak equivalenttoasinusoid oftheindicated line

voltage when

at

full load. Line regulation problems

canintroduceserious

er

rors

in

themeasurements

on

an

amplifier.

Only a competent technician should attempt alter-

ation of the line volt

age

connections.

I

Crown D-60 User manual

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