Crown Macro-Tech MA-3600VZ User manual

Operation Manual MA-3600VZ
Obtaining Other Language Versions: To obtain information in another language about the use of this product, please contact your
local Crown Distributor. If you need assistance locating your local distributor, please contact Crown at 574-294-8000.
This manual does not include all of the details of design, production, or variations of the equipment. Nor does it cover every possible
situation which may arise during installation, operation or maintenance.
Note: The information provided in this manual was deemed accurate as of the publication date. However, updates to this information
may have occurred. To obtain the latest version of this manual, please visit the Crown website at www.crownaudio.com.
Trademark Notice: PIP and IQwic are trademarks, and Amcron, Crown, Crown Audio, Macro-Tech, IOC, IQ System, VZ and ODEP are
registered trademarks of Crown International. Other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
Some models may be exported under the name Amcron.®
©2005 by Crown Audio®, Inc. 1718 W. Mishawaka Rd., Elkhart, Indiana 46517-9439 U.S.A. Telephone: [phone]
125113-7B
5/05
Macro-Tech Series

Operation Manual
Macro-Tech MA-3600VZ Power Amplifier
page 2
TO PREVENT ELECTRIC SHOCK DO NOT REMOVE
TOP OR BOTTOM COVERS. NO USER SERVICE-
ABLE PARTS INSIDE. REFER SERVICING TO
QUALIFIED SERVICE PERSONNEL.
À PRÉVENIR LE CHOC ÉLECTRIQUE N’ENLEVEZ
PAS LES COUVERCLES. IL N’Y A PAS DES PAR-
TIES SERVICEABLE À L’INTÉRIEUR. TOUS REPA-
RATIONS DOIT ETRE FAIRE PAR PERSONNEL
QUALIFIÉ SEULMENT.
IMPORTANT
Macro-Tech Series amplifiers require Class 2 out-
put wiring.
MAGNETIC FIELD
CAUTION! Do not locate sensitive high-gain equip-
ment such as preamplifiers or tape decks directly
above or below the unit. Because this amplifier has
a high power density, it has a strong magnetic field
which can induce hum into unshielded devices that
are located nearby. The field is strongest just above
and below the unit.
If an equipment rack is used, we recommend locat-
ing the amplifier(s) in the bottom of the rack and the
preamplifier or other sensitive equipment at the top.
WATCH FOR THESE SYMBOLS:
The lightning bolt triangle is used to alert the user
to the risk of electric shock.
The exclamation point triangle is used to alert the
user to important operating or maintenance instruc-
tions.
FCC COMPLIANCE NOTICE
This device complies with part 15 of the FCC rules. Operation is subject to the following
two conditions: (1) This device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device
must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired
operation.
CAUTION: Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for
compliance could void the user’s authority to operate the equipment.
NOTE: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B
digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide
reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equip-
ment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used
in accordance with the operation manual, may cause harmful interference to radio commu-
nications. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular
installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television recep-
tion, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged
to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver
is connected.
• Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help.
Important Safety Instructions
1) Read these instructions.
2) Keep these instructions.
3) Heed all warnings.
4) Follow all instructions.
5) Do not use this apparatus near water. Do not
expose to dripping or splashing. Do not place
objects filled with liquid on unit.
6) Clean only with a dry cloth.
7) Do not block any ventilation openings. Install
in accordance with the manufacturer’s instruc-
tions.
8) Do not install near any heat sources such as
radiators, heat registers, stoves, or other
apparatus that produce heat.
9) Do not defeat the safety purpose of the polar-
ized or grounding-type plug. A polarized plug
has two blades with one wider than the other.
A grounding-type plug has two blades and a
third grounding prong. The wide blade or the
third prong is provided for your safety. If the
provided plug does not fit into your outlet,
consult an electrician for replacement of the
obsolete outlet.
10) Protect the power cord from being walked on
or pinched, particularly at plugs, convenience
receptacles, and the point where they exit from
the apparatus.
11) Only use attachments/accessories specified
by the manufacturer.
12) Use only with a cart, stand, bracket, or table
specified by the manufacturer, or sold with the
apparatus. When a cart is used, use caution
when moving the cart/apparatus combination
to avoid injury from tip-over.
13) Unplug this apparatus during lightning storms
or when unused for long periods of time.
14) Refer all servicing to qualified service person-
nel. Servicing is required when the apparatus
has been damaged in any way, such as power-
supply cord or plug is damaged, liquid has
been spilled or objects have fallen into the
apparatus, the apparatus has been exposed to
rain or moisture, does not operate normally,
or has been dropped.
15) To reduce the risk of fire or electric shock, do
not expose this apparatus to rain or moisture.

page 3
Macro-Tech MA-3600VZ Power Amplifier
Operation Manual
DECLARATION of CONFORMITY
Crown International, Inc. TCF Technical Certificate No: P4300CRI1.IWS
Sue Whitfield
574-294-8289
[email protected]
European Representative's Name and Address:
Nick Owen
19 Clos Nant Coslech
Pontprennau
Cardiff
CF23 8ND United Kingdom
Competent Body’s Name and Address:
Technology International (Europe) Limited
41-42 Shrivenham Hundred Business Park,
Shrivenham, Swindon, Wilts, SN6 8TZ
Equipment Type: Commercial Audio Power Amplifier
Family Name: Macro-Tech Series
Model Names: Macro-Tech 3600VZ
EMC Standards:
EN 55103-1:1995 Electromagnetic Compatibility - Product Family Standard for Audio, Video, Audio-Visual and Entertainment Lighting Control Apparatus for Professional Use, Part 1: Emissions
EN 55103-1:1995 Magnetic Field Emissions-Annex A @ 10 cm and 1 M
EN 61000-3-2:1995+A14:2000 Limits for Harmonic Current Emissions (equipment input current ≤16A per phase)
EN 61000-3-3:1995 Limitation of Voltage Fluctuations and Flicker in Low-Voltage Supply Systems Rated Current ≤16A
EN 55022:1992 + A1: 1995 & A2:1997 Limits and Methods of Measurement of Radio Disturbance Characteristics of ITE: Radiated, Class B Limits; Conducted, Class B
EN 55103-2:1996 Electromagnetic Compatibility - Product Family Standard for Audio, Video, Audio-Visual and Entertainment Lighting Control Apparatus for Professional Use, Part 2: Immunity
EN 61000-4-2:1995 Electrostatic Discharge Immunity (Environment E2-Criteria B, 4k V Contact, 8k V Air Discharge)
EN 61000-4-3:1996 Radiated, Radio-Frequency, Electromagnetic Immunity (Environment E2, criteria A)
EN 61000-4-4:1995 Electrical Fast Transient/Burst Immunity (Criteria B)
EN 61000-4-5:1995 Surge Immunity (Criteria B)
EN 61000-4-6:1996 Immunity to Conducted Disturbances Induced by Radio-Frequency Fields (Criteria A)
EN 61000-4-11:1994 Voltage Dips, Short Interruptions and Voltage Variation
Safety Standard:
EN 60065: 1998 Safety Requirements - Audio Video and Similar Electronic Apparatus
I certify that the product identified above conforms to the requirements of the EMC Council Directive 89/336/EEC as amended by 92/31/EEC, and the Low Voltage Directive 73/23/EES as amended by 93/68/EEC.
Larry Coburn
Signed
Title: Senior Vice President of Manufacturing Date of Issue: March 28, 2000
Issued By: Crown International, Inc.
1718 W. Mishawaka Road
Elkhart, Indiana 46517 U.S.A.
Technical Construction File Route
DUE TO LINE CURRENT HARMONICS, WE RECOMMEND THAT YOU CONTACT YOUR SUPPLY AUTHORITY BEFORE CONNECTION.

Operation Manual
Macro-Tech MA-3600VZ Power Amplifier
page 4
Important Safety Instructions .....................................................................................2
Declaration of Conformity ..........................................................................................3
1 Welcome ........................................................................ 5
1.1 Features .........................................................................................................5
2 How to Use This Manual ...................................................... 5
3 Setup ............................................................................. 6
3.1 Unpack Your Amplifier ...................................................................................6
3.2 Install Your Amplifier .....................................................................................6
3.3 Ensure Proper Cooling .................................................................................6
3.4 Choose Input Wire and Connectors ..............................................................7
3.5 Choose Output Wire and Connectors .............................................................8
3.6 Wire Your System .........................................................................................9
3.6.1 Stereo Mode ..........................................................................................9
3.6.2 Bridge-Mono Mode ..............................................................................9
3.6.3 Parallel-Mono Mode .............................................................................10
3.7 Connect to AC Mains .....................................................................................11
3.8 Startup Procedure ..........................................................................................11
4 Operation ........................................................................ 11
4.1 Precautions ....................................................................................................11
4.2 Front Panel Controls and Indicators ..............................................................12
4.3 Back Panel Controls and Connectors .............................................................13
5 Advanced Features and Options .......................................14
5.1 Protection Systems ......................................................................... 14
5.1.1 Output Device Emulation Protection (ODEP) ............................ 14
5.1.2 IOC (Input Output Comparator) ................................................ 14
5.2 Circuit Designs ................................................................................. 14
5.2.1 Grounded Bridge ...................................................................... 14
5.2.2 Variable Impedance (VZ) .......................................................... 14
5.3 Options ............................................................................................ 15
5.3.1 PIP Modules ............................................................................ 15
5.3.2 IQ-PIP-USP2 Adapter ............................................................... 15
5.3.3 Input Sensitivity Switch ............................................................ 15
5.3.4 Input Ground Lift Switch .......................................................... 15
6 Specifications ............................................................16
7 Troubleshooting ..........................................................20
8 Service ....................................................................21
8.1 Worldwide Service ............................................................................. 21
8.2 US and Canada Service ...................................................................... 21
8.2.1 Service at a US or Canada Service Center................................. 21
8.2.2 Factory Service ......................................................................... 21
8.2.3 Factory Service Shipping Instructions ....................................... 21
9 Warranty .................................................................22
Crown Factory Service Information Form ........................................................ 25
Table of Contents

page 5
Macro-Tech MA-3600VZ Power Amplifier
Operation Manual
1 Welcome
The Crown®Macro-Tech ®3600VZ profes-
sional power amplifier features Crown’s pat-
ented Variable Impedance (VZ ®) power
supply. This power supply, along with
advanced semiconductor technology, enables
the Macro-Tech 3600VZ to pack more power
into a mere 3½ inches of vertical rack space
than ever before. Because it’s a Macro-Tech,
you have the added benefit of PIP ™ compati-
bility for access to custom input modules and
ODEP ®protection to keep the show going long
after other amplifiers would fail.
Modern power amplifiers are sophisticated
pieces of engineering capable of producing
extremely high power levels. They must be
treated with respect and correctly installed if
they are to provide the many years of reliable
service for which they were designed.
In addition, the MA-3600VZ amplifier includes
a number of features which require some expla-
nation before they can be used to their maxi-
mum advantage.
Please take the time to study this manual so
that you can obtain the best possible service
from your amplifier.
1.1 Features
• Grounded Bridge design delivers large
voltage swings without stressing output-
transistors, resulting in lower distortion
and superior reliability.
• Patented ODEP (Output Device Emulation
Protection) circuitry compensates for
overheating and overload to keep the
amplifier working when others would fail.
•IOC
®(Input/Output Comparator) circuitry
immediately alerts of any distortion
exceeding 0.05%, providing dynamic
proof of distortion-free performance.
• Articulated VZ power supplies for each
channel provide excellent crosstalk char-
acteristics and the best power matching to
your load.
2 How to Use This
Manual
This manual provides you with the necessary
information to safely and correctly setup and
operate your amplifier. It does not cover every
aspect of installation, setup or operation that
might occur under every condition. For addi-
tional information, please consult Crown’s
Amplifier Application Guide (available online at
www.crownaudio.com), Crown Tech Support,
your system installer or retailer.
We strongly recommend you read all instruc-
tions, warnings and cautions contained in this
manual. Also, for your protection, please send
in your warranty registration card today. And
save your bill of sale—it’s your official proof of
purchase.
2 ohm Dual (per ch.)
1 kHz
Power
1,800W
1,565W
1,120W
3,505W
3,140W
8 ohm Bridge-Mono
4 ohm Bridge-Mono
8 ohm Dual (per ch.)
4 ohm Dual (per ch.)
*1 kHz Power: refers to maximum average power in watts
at 1 kHz with 0.1% THD.
MA-3600VZ
*

Operation Manual
Macro-Tech MA-3600VZ Power Amplifier
page 6
3.1 Unpack Your Amplifier
Please unpack and inspect your amplifier for
any damage that may have occurred during
transit. If damage is found, notify the transpor-
tation company immediately. Only you can
initiate a claim for shipping damage. Crown
will be happy to help as needed. Save the ship-
ping carton as evidence of damage for the ship-
per’s inspection.
We also recommend that you save all packing
materials so you will have them if you ever
need to transport the unit. Never ship the unit
without the factory pack.YOU WILL NEED (not
supplied):
• Input wiring cables
• Output wiring cables
Rack for mounting amplifier (or a stable surface
for stacking)
WARNING: Before you start to set up
your amplifier, make sure you read and
observe the Important Safety Instruc-
tions found at the beginning of this
manual.
3.2 Install Your Amplifier
CAUTION: Before you begin, make sure
your amplifier is disconnected from the
power source, with power switch in the
“off” position and all level controls
turned completely down (counterclock-
wise).
Use a standard 19-inch (48.3 cm) equipment
rack. See Figure 3.1 for amplifier dimensions.
You may also stack amps without using a cabi-
net.
NOTE: When transporting, amplifiers should be
supported at both front and back.
3.3 Ensure Proper Cooling
When using an equipment rack, mount units
directly on top of each other. Close any open
spaces in rack with blank panels. DO NOT
block front or rear air vents. The side walls of
the rack should be a minimum of two inches
(5.1 cm) away from the amplifier sides, and the
back of the rack should be a minimum of four
inches (10.2 cm) from the amplifier back panel.
Figure 3.2 illustrates standard amplifier airflow.
3 Setup
Figure 3.1 Dimensions
Figure 3.2 Airflow

page 7
Macro-Tech MA-3600VZ Power Amplifier
Operation Manual
3.4 Choose Input Wire
and Connectors
Figure 3.3 shows connector pin assignments for
balanced wiring, and Figure 3.4 shows connec-
tor pin assignments for unbalanced wiring.
NOTE: Custom wiring should only be
performed by qualified personnel.
Balanced Line Unbalanced Line
Figure 3.3 Balanced Input
Connector Wiring
Figure 3.4 Unbalanced Input
Connector Wiring
3 Setup

Operation Manual
Macro-Tech MA-3600VZ Power Amplifier
page 8
CH-2
OUTPUTS
CH-1
3.5 Choose Output Wire and Con-
nectors
Crown recommends using pre-built or profes-
sionally wired, high-quality, two-conductor,
heavy gauge speaker wire and connectors. You
may use banana connectors, terminal forks or
bare wire for your output connectors (see Figure
3.5). To prevent the possibility of short-circuits,
wrap or otherwise insulate exposed loudspeaker
cable connectors.
Note: Binding post outputs on European
models come with safety plugs installed
to prevent European power-cord plugs
from being inserted. The side entry posi-
tions for these connectors should there-
fore be used.
Using the guidelines below, select the appropri-
ate size of wire based on the distance from
amplifier to speaker.
CAUTION: Never use shielded cable for
output wiring.
Distance Wire Size
up to 25 ft. 16 gauge
26-40 ft. 14 gauge
41-60 ft. 12 gauge
61-100 ft. 10 gauge
101-150 ft. 8 gauge
151-250 ft. 6 gauge
Figure 3.5 Output Connector Wiring
(MA-3600VZ Has 4 Pairs of Posts. Only 2 Pairs Are Shown.)
3 Setup

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Macro-Tech MA-3600VZ Power Amplifier
Operation Manual
3.6 Wire Your System
3.6.1 Stereo Mode
Typical input and output wiring is shown in
Figure 3.6.
INPUTS: Connect input wiring for each channel.
Refer to Section 3.4 for input connector pin
assignments.
OUTPUTS: Maintain proper polarity (+/-) on
output connectors.
Connect positive (+) speaker lead to Channel 1
positive binding post of amp; connect negative
(–) speaker lead to Channel 1 negative binding
post of amp. Repeat for Channel 2. Refer to
Section 3.5 for output connector pin assign-
ments. Make sure the Mode switch set to the
“Stereo” position when operating in Stereo
mode.
3.6.2 Bridge-Mono Mode
Typical input and output wiring is shown in
Figure 3.7.
INPUTS: Connect input wiring to Channel 1.
Refer to Section 3.4 for input connector pin
assignments.
OUTPUTS: Connect positive (+) speaker lead to
Channel 1 positive binding post of amp; connect
negative (–) speaker lead to Channel 2 positive
binding post of amp. Do not use the negative
binding posts when operating in Bridge-Mono
mode. Refer to Section 3.5 for output connector
pin assignments. Make sure the Mode switch is
set to the “Bridge” position when operating in
Bridge-Mono mode.
NOTE: Turn down (full CCW) the Channel
2 level control when operating in Bridge-
Mono mode, as the Channel 1 level
control works both channels.
3 Setup
Figure 3.6 System Wiring, Stereo Mode
Figure 3.7 System Wiring, Bridge-Mono Mode

Operation Manual
Macro-Tech MA-3600VZ Power Amplifier
page 10
3.6.3 Parallel-Mono Mode
Typical input and output wiring is shown in
Figure 3.8.
INPUTS: Connect input wiring to Channel 1.
Refer to Section 3, Figure 3.4 for input connector
pin assignments.
OUTPUTS: Install a jumper wire between the
positive binding posts of both Channel 1 and
Channel 2 that is at least 14 gauge in size;
Connect positive (+) speaker lead to Channel 1
positive binding post of amp; connect negative
(–) speaker lead to Channel 2 negative binding
post of amp. Refer to Section 3.5 for output
connector pin assignments. Make sure the Mode
switch is set to the “Bridge” position when oper-
ating in Bridge-Mono mode.
NOTE: Turn down (full CCW) the Channel
2 level control when operating in Paral-
lel-Mono mode, as the Channel 1 level
control works both channels.
NOTE: Remove the jumper wire before
changing to any mode except Parallel-
Mono.
NOTE: Crown provides a reference of wiring pin
assignments for commonly used connector
types in the Crown Amplifier Application Guide
available at www.crownaudio.com.
Figure 3.8 System Wiring, Parallel-Mono Mode
3 Setup

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Macro-Tech MA-3600VZ Power Amplifier
Operation Manual
3.7 Connect to AC Mains
Connect the AC power cordset of your amplifier
to the AC mains power source (power outlet).
NOTE: The third prong of this connector
(ground) is an important safety feature. Do not
attempt to disable this ground connection by
using an adapter or other methods.
Amplifiers don’t create energy. The AC mains
voltage and current must be sufficient to deliver
the power you expect. You must operate your
amplifier from an AC mains power source with
not more than 10% variation above or below the
amplifier’s specified line voltage and within the
specfied frequency requirements (indicated on
the amplifier’s back panel label). If you are
unsure of the output voltage of your AC mains,
please consult your electrician.
3.8 Startup Procedure
Use the following procedure when first turning
on your amplifier:
1. Turn down the level of your audio source.
2. Turn down the level controls of the ampli-
fier.
3. Turn on the “Enable” switch. The Enable
indicator should glow.
4. Turn up the level of your audio source to an
optimum level.
5. Turn up the Level controls on the amplifier
until the desired loudness or power level is
achieved.
6. Turn down the level of your audio source to
its normal range.
If you ever need to make any wiring or
installation changes, don’t forget to turn
off the amplifier and disconnect the
power cord.
For help with determining your system’s
optimum gain structure (signal levels)
please refer to the Crown Amplifier Appli-
cation Guide, available online at
www.crownaudio.com.
4.1 Precautions
Your Macro-Tech Series amplifier is protected from
internal and external faults, but you should still
take the following precautions for optimum perfor-
mance and safety:
1. Before use, your amplifier first must be con-
figured for proper operation, including input
and output wiring hookup. Improper wiring
can result in serious operating difficulties. For
information on wiring and configuration,
please consult the Setup section of this man-
ual or, for advanced setup techniques, consult
Crown’s Amplifier Application Guide available
online at www.crownaudio.com.
2. Use care when making connections, selecting
signal sources and controlling the output
level. The load you save may be your own!
3. Do not short the ground lead of an output
cable to the input signal ground. This may
form a ground loop and cause oscillations.
4. Never connect the output to a power
supply, battery or power main. Electri-
cal shock may result.
5. Tampering with the circuitry, or making unau-
thorized circuit changes, may be hazardous
and invalidates all agency listings.
6. Do not operate the amplifier with the Signal/
IOC LEDs constantly indicating an IOC condi-
tion.
7. Do not overdrive the mixer, which will cause a
clipped signal to be sent to the amplifier. Such
signals will be reproduced with extreme accu-
racy, and loudspeaker damage may result.
8. Never operate the amplifier with less than the
rated load impedance. Due to the amplifier’s
output protection, such a configuration may
result in premature clipping and speaker dam-
age.
Remember: Crown is not liable for damage that
results from overdriving other system components.
3 Setup 4 Operation

Operation Manual
Macro-Tech MA-3600VZ Power Amplifier
page 12
4.2 Front Panel Controls
and Indicators
A. Dust Filter
Removes large particles from the air at the
air intake. The filter elements can be easily
removed for cleaning by gently pulling
them away from the front panel.
B. Level Control
Rotary detented level control, one per
channel.
C. Signal/IOC Indicator
Green LED, one per channel. Tri-purpose
indicator illuminates to indicate the pres-
ence of output signals; flashes brightly
with a 0.1-second hold delay to indicate a
difference (distortion) between the input
and output signal of 0.05% or greater; and
flashes brightly with a 0.5-second hold
delay to indicate input clipping distortion.
See Section 5.1.2 for more about IOC.
D. ODEP Indicator
Amber LED, one per channel, illuminates
brightly to indicate presence of thermody-
namic energy. They dim proportionally as
energy reserves decrease. In the event that
energy reserves are depleted, the indica-
tors turn off and ODEP limiting occurs.
See Section 5.1.1 for more about ODEP.
E. Enable Indicator
Amber LED indicates amplifier has been
turned on and AC power is available.
F. Enable Switch
Amplifier is on when the switch is in the IN
position.
Figure 4.1 Front Panel
Controls and Indicators
4 Operation

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Macro-Tech MA-3600VZ Power Amplifier
Operation Manual
4.3 Back Panel Controls
and Connectors
G. Power Cord
H. Stereo/Mono Switch
Allows selection of Stereo, Bridge-Mono,
or Parallel-Mono operation.
I. Reset Button
One per channel. Resets the power supply
breakers.
J. PIP Module
Standard module (PIP-FX) provides a 3-
pin female XLR connector for signal input
to each channel.
Input Sensitivity Switch
Located behind the PIP module is the Input
Sensitivity switch. See Section 5.3.3 for
details.
K. TRS Input Jack
One per channel; female TRS input jacks
are provided.
L. Ground Lift Switch
When lifted, inserts an impedance between
the sleeve of each TRS jack and the circuit
ground to prevent ground loops. Switch
has no effect on the input connectors on
PIP modules. See Section 5.3.4 for details.
M. XLR Inputs (Standard PIP Module)
One per channel, female XLR input con-
nectors are provided.
N. 5-Way Binding Post Output Jacks
One pair per channel; accepts banana
plugs, spade lugs or bare wire. Note: Bind-
ing post outputs on European models
come with safety plugs installed to prevent
European power-cord plugs from being
inserted. The side entry positions for these
connectors should therefore be used.
4 Operation
Figure 4.2 Back Panel
Controls and Connectors

Operation Manual
Macro-Tech MA-3600VZ Power Amplifier
page 14
NOTE: For detailed information about
these Crown amplifier features, please
consult the Crown Amplifier Application
Guide, available on the Crown website
at www.crownaudio.com
5.1 Protection Systems
Your Crown amplifier provides extensive pro-
tection and diagnostic capabilities, including
ODEP and IOC.
5.1.1 Output Device Emulation
Protection (ODEP)
Crown invented ODEP to solve two long stand-
ing problems in amplifier design: To prevent
amplifier shutdown during demanding opera-
tion and to increase the efficiency of output cir-
cuitry.
To do this, Crown established a rigorous pro-
gram to measure the safe operating area (SOA)
of each output transistor before installing it in
an amplifier. Crown also designed intelligent
circuitry to simulate the instantaneous operat-
ing conditions of those output transistors. Its
name describes what it does: Output Device
Emulation Protection or ODEP. It not only simu-
lates the operation of the output transistors but
it also compares their operation to their known
SOA. If ODEP sees that more power is about to
be asked of the output devices than they are
capable of delivering under the present condi-
tions, ODEP immediately limits the drive level
until it falls within the SOA. Limiting is propor-
tional and kept to an absolute minimum—only
what is required to prevent the possibility of
output transistor damage.
This level of protection enables Crown to
increase output transistor utilization while
greatly increasing amplifier reliability.
Finally, this onboard intelligence is monitored
in two ways. First, the front panel ODEP indica-
tors show whether the amplifier is functioning
correctly or if ODEP is limiting the drive level.
Second, ODEP data is fed to the PIP connector
at the back of the amplifier so advanced PIP
modules like the IQ-PIP-Lite can use it to make
decisions and control the amplifier.
(The IQ-PIP-Lite can be used with the Macro-
Tech 3600VZ.) With ODEP you get the maxi-
mum power with the maximum protection—the
show goes on!
5.1.2 IOC (Input Output Compara-
tor)
The IOC circuit compares the output signal of
the amplifier with the input signal. If there is
any difference other than gain, then it is consid-
ered distortion and the indicator comes on. The
LED indicator will come on whenever there is
distortion of 0.05% or more. An IOC condition
may also be sensed by an IQ PIP module
installed in PIP-compatible amplifiers.
IOC is designed to report any form of distor-
tion. IOC not only checks the waveform for dis-
tortion, but also reports input overload and
even a protective action that mutes or shuts
down an amplifier. With all of these features,
IOC monitors the entire amplifier. When the IOC
indicator is off the amplifier is definitely opera-
tional and undistorted. IOC provides an on-line
proof of performance.
5.2 Circuit Designs
5.2.1 Grounded Bridge
Grounded Bridge is the name of Crown's
unique four-quadrant amplifier topology. The
Grounded Bridge topology takes full advantage
of the power supplies delivering peak-to-peak
voltages to the load that are twice the voltage
seen by the output devices and twice the volt-
age generated by the power supplies.
The power supply bridge rectifier is not ground
referenced, and the transformer secondary is
not center-tapped. This allows the power sup-
ply to deliver +VCC and -VCC from the same
bridge rectifier and filter as a total difference in
potential regardless of their voltages with
respect to ground.
Composite output devices are arranged to func-
tion as gigantic NPN and PNP devices. Each
output stage has two composite NPN and two
composite PNP devices. The devices con-
nected to the load are referred to as “high-side
NPN and PNP” and the devices connected to
ground are referred to as “low-side NPN and
PNP.” Positive current is delivered to the load
by increasing conductance simultaneously in
the high-side NPN and low-side PNP stage,
while decreasing conductance of the high-side
PNP and low-side NPN in synchrony.
Crown's Grounded Bridge design delivers large
voltage swings without stressing output tran-
sistors. The results are higher efficiency, lower
distortion and superior reliablility.
5.2.2 Variable Impedance (VZ)
VZ is the name of Crown's patented articulated
power supply technology. This innovative tech-
nology permits us to pack large amounts of
power into a compact package while achieving
ultra-low distortion and without generating
excessive heat.
An amplifier power supply must be large
enough to handle both the maximum voltage
and maximum current necesary for the ampli-
fier to drive its rated power into a specified
load. In order to meet this requirement, most
conventional supplies are heavy, large, and
produce lots of heat. In contrast, the VZ supply
gets more current AND voltage out of a smaller,
lighter, and more efficient package by dynami-
cally adapting to both signal and load require-
ments in real-time. This provides the best
power match to the widest range of loads.
The VZ supply is divided into two segments.
When the output stage requires high-voltage,
the segments are arranged in series to deliver
twice the voltage of a single segment. When the
output stage requires high-current, the seg-
ments are arranged in parallel to deliver twice
the current of a single segment. Sensing cir-
cuitry "watches" the voltage of the signal to
determine when to switch VZ modes. The
switching circuitry is designed to prevent audi-
ble switching distortion to yield the highest
possible dynamic transfer function—you hear
only the music and not the amplifier.
With VZ, you get not only maximum power and
safety, but you also get the best power match-
ing to your load.
5 Advanced Features
and Options

page 15
Macro-Tech MA-3600VZ Power Amplifier
Operation Manual
5.3 Options
5.3.1 PIP Modules
Versatile PIP (Programmable Input Processor) modules
provide flexible expansion features that can be added to
customize the amplifier. PIP modules plug into the con-
nector inside the back panel of the amplifier.
PIP modules are available with a features ranging from
error-driven compressor/limiters to remote control and
monitoring via IQwic or System Architect Software. Visit
the Crown website at www.crownaudio.com, or contact
Crown Customer Service, for descriptions of available
PIP modules.
5.3.2 IQ-PIP-USP2 Adapter
The IQ-PIP-USP2 Adapter allows the amplifier to accept
the Crown IQ-PIP-USP2 and IQ-PIP-Lite modules (but
not the IQ-PIP-USP3 or IQ-PIP-USP3/CN.) Load moni-
toring and output voltage limiting are not available with
the IQ-PIP-USP2 Adapter.
The IQ-PIP-USP2 offers remote control and monitoring
via Crown’s SmartAmp™ IQ features set, plus a wide
range of digital signal processing capabilities.
Features:
• 24-bit, 48-kHz sampling rate for analog to digital
conversion.
• Programmable DSP filters.
• Greater than one-half second of signal delay for each
channel.
• Input Signal Compressor/Limiter, Thermal Limiter
and Clip Eliminator for each channel.
• Presets for easy recall of settings.
• Auto-Standby for reduced energy costs.
• Error reporting.
• Logic input and output.
• Listen Bus allow easy connection to an audio moni-
toring system.
The IQ-PIP-Lite connects the amplifier to a 100 Mb
Ethernet network allowing it to be remotely controlled and
monitored via IQ.
The IQ-PIP-Lite is a TCP/IQ series component. This
means it connects to an IQ System®or Harman Pro Sys-
tem Architect software via 100 Mb Ethernet. This pro-
vides faster IQ communications than the previous current
loop, IQ bus, connectivity method. With this control net-
work option, a large (or small) system can be intercon-
nected using standard off-the-shelf 100 Mb Ethernet
components (Switches, NICs, and cables). The IQ-PIP-
Lite can also be connected to the same network used to
pass CobraNet™ audio1.
The audio path in the IQ-PIP-Lite is processed totally in
the analog domain. While DSP-type functions cannot be
supported with this type of architecture, the standard
SmartAmp features are. These features include input
compressors, multimode output limiters, error reporting
and load monitoring.
5.3.3 Input Sensitivity Switch
The Input Sensitivity Switch is located inside the back of
the amplifier (Figure 5.1). It is set at the factory to 0.775
volt for rated output into 8 ohms. It can also be switched
to a sensitivity of 1.4 volts, or a fixed voltage gain of 26
dB (4.8 volts for rated output).
How to change the input sensitivity:
1. Turn off the amplifier and disconnect its power cord
from the AC mains power receptacle.
2. Remove the PIP module (two screws).
3. Locate the sensitivity switch access hole inside the
chassis opening as shown in Figure 5.1. It is located
just above the phone jack inputs.
4. Set the switch to the desired position noted on the
access hole label. The position toward the front panel
sets the sensitivity to 1.4 volts for rated output, the
middle position provides a voltage gain of 26 dB, and
the position toward the back panel sets the sensitivity
to 0.775 volt for rated output.
5. Replace the PIP module and restore the power.
5.3.4 Input Ground Lift Switch
The Input Ground Lift switch is located on the rear panel
(Figure 5.1) and can provide isolation between the input
signal ground and the AC ground. It affects only the
phone jack inputs and has no effect on the input connec-
tors on the PIP module. Sliding the switch to the left iso-
lates or “lifts” the grounds by placing an impedance
between the sleeve of each phone jack and the circuit
ground.
When a PIP module is plugged into the amplifier, only the
noninverted and inverted signal lines are connected in
parallel with the corresponding lines of the input phone
jacks. The signal grounds are not paralleled. For exam-
ple, XLR pins 2 and 3 are connected in parallel with the
tip and ring of the corresponding phone jack. However
pin 1 of the XLR is not connected in parallel with the
sleeve of the phone jack.
5 Advanced Features and Options
Figure 5.1 Input Sensitivity and Ground Lift Switches
1Note that the IQ-PIP-Lite cannot receive or transmit CobraNet audio.

Operation Manual
Macro-Tech MA-3600VZ Power Amplifier
page 16
6 Specifications
Minimum Guaranteed Power
(see page 18 for complete power specifications)
120VAC, 60 Hz Units 100VAC International
Units
120 VAC International
Units
230VAC International
Units
Power in watts per channel,1 kHz, 0.1% THD
Stereo mode with both channels driven
2 ohms per ch.
4 ohms per ch.
8 ohms per ch.
1800W
1565W
1120W
1460W
1300W
980W
1490W
1300W
985W
1520W
1325W
965W
Bridge-Mono mode
4 ohms
8 ohms
3505W
3140W
2835W
2625W
2980W
2600W
2800W
2515W
Parallel-Mono mode
1 ohm
2 ohms
3555W
3190W
2820W
2585W
2980W
2600W
2910W
2565W
Performance (120V AC units in stereo mode with 8 ohm load)
Frequency Response
(at 1 watt, 20Hz - 20 kHz) see Figure 6.3 ± 0.1 dB
Phase Response
(at 1 watt, 10Hz - 20 kHz) see Figure 6.6 ±10°
Signal to Noise Ratio below full bandwidth power
20 Hz to 20 kHz
A-weighted
>100 dB
>105 dB
Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)
at rated power, from 20 Hz to 1 kHz
at rated power, at 20 kHz
< 0.05%
< 0.1%
Intermodulation Distortion (IMD)
60 Hz and 7 kHz at 4:1,from 368 milliwatts to full rated output < 0.05%
Damping Factor
10 Hz to 400 Hz See Figure 6.4 >1000
Crosstalk
(below rated power, 20 Hz to 10 kHz) see Figure 6.7
Controlled Slew Rate > 30 volts/microsecond
Input Impedance nominally balanced, nominally unbalanced 20 k ohms, 10 k ohms

page 17
Macro-Tech MA-3600VZ Power Amplifier
Operation Manual
6 Specifications
Performance (continued)
Output Impedance See Figure 6.5
Load Impedance (Note: Safe with all types of loads)
Stereo
Bridge Mono
Parallel Mono
2-8 ohms
4-8 ohms
1-2 ohms
Voltage Gain (8-ohm load, rated output at 1 kHz, maximum level setting)
0.775V sensitivity
1.4V sensitivity
26 dB sensitivity
124.6:1 ±6% or 41.9 dB ±0.5 dB
69.2:1 ± 6% or 36.8 dB ±0.5 dB
20:1 ±6% or 26 dB ±0.5 dB
Required AC Mains 50/60 Hz; 100-, 120-, and 230 - VAC (±10%) units are avail-
able. 230 VAC, 50/60 Hz units can be used with 220 and 240
VAC. 100 and 120 VAC units can draw up to 30 amps; 230
VAC units can draw up to 15 amps. Current, voltage and fre-
quency requirements are provided on the unit’s back panel.
Power Draw at Idle 90 watts or less
Construction
Cooling Internal heat sinks with forced-air cooling for rapid, uniform
heat dissipation
Dimensions
Width
Height
Depth (behind mounting surface)
EIA Standard 19-inch rack mount (EIA RS-310-B)
3.5 inch (8.9 cm)
16 inch (40.6 cm)
Weight
Center of gravity is 6 inches (15.2 cm) behind the front mounting surface.
120 VAC, 60 Hz Units
Net
Shipping
100 VAC, International Units
Net
Shipping
120 VAC, International Units
Net
Shipping
230 VAC, International Units
Net
Shipping
54 pounds, 5 ounces (24.7 kg)
63 pounds, 0.5 ounces (28.6 kg)
55 pounds, 1.5 ounces (25.0 kg)
63 pounds, 10 ounces (28.9 kg)
55 pounds, 1.5 ounces (25.0 kg)
63 pounds, 10 ounces (28.9 kg)
53 pounds, 6 ounces (24.2 kg)
61 pounds, 15 ounces (28.1 kg)

Operation Manual
Macro-Tech MA-3600VZ Power Amplifier
page 18
6 Specifications
Figure 6.1 Minimum Power Matrix Figure 6.2 Maximum Power Matrix

page 19
Macro-Tech MA-3600VZ Power Amplifier
Operation Manual
+45˚
0˚
–45˚
100 1 K 10 K 20 K
FREQUENCY (Hz)
6 Specifications
10 100 1 K 10 K 100 K
FREQUENCY (Hz)
+2
+1
0
–1
–2
–3
–4
dB
–5
–6
–7
4 ohm
8 ohm
1 watt
504.0
126.8
31.8
MILLIOHMS
8.0
2.0
6 dB
20 100 1 K 10 K 20 K
400
200
100
0
600
800
1000
1200
1400
FREQUENCY (Hz)
8 ohm
10 100 1 K 10 K 100 K
FREQUENCY
(
Hz
)
2 ohm
Figure 6.3 Typical
Frequency Response
Figure 6.5 Typical
Output Impedance
Figure 6.6 Typical
Phase Response
Figure 6.7 Typical
Crosstalk
Figure 6.4 Typical
Damping Factor

Operation Manual
Macro-Tech MA-3600VZ Power Amplifier
page 20
CONDITION: Normal operation.
POSSIBLE REASON:
• This is normal operation for your amp.
CONDITION: Distorted sound.
POSSIBLE REASON:
• Input signal level is too high. Turn down
your amplifier level controls. NOTE: Your
amplifier should never be operated at a
level which causes the Signal/IOC LEDs
to constantly indicate an IOC condition.
• ODEP limiting has been activated. Take
appropriate measures to keep the ampli-
fier out of ODEP limiting (see Section
5.1.1 for more information about ODEP).
7 Troubleshooting
• The amp is set for Parallel Mono mode.
CONDITION: No power to the amplifier.
POSSIBLE REASON:
• The amplifier's Power switch is off.
• The amplifier is not plugged into the power
receptacle.
• The amplifier's low-voltage power supply
fuse has blown. Return amp to Crown or an
authorized Crown Service Center for
servicing.
CONDITION: No sound.
POSSIBLE REASON:
• The amplifier has just been turned on and
is still in the 4-second turn-on delay.
• The amplifier is being held in Standby
Mode by an installed IQ PIP module.
• ODEP limiting has been activated. Take
appropriate measures to keep the ampifier
out of ODEP limiting (see Section 5.1.1
for more information about ODEP).
• The amplifier is in drive protection mode.
This can occur with improper source sig-
nals like infrasonic square waves or input
overloads that excessively clip the input
signal.
• The amplifier's circuit breakers have
tripped. Reset circuit breakers. If the trip
again, return amp to Crown or an autho-
rized Crown Service Center for servicing.
• No input signal
• Input signal level is very low.
• Level controls are turned down.
Key