Detroit Diesel 60 EGR Series User manual

ATTENTION
The information in this document is accurate as of April 2004 and is subject to change
without notice. This manual is to be used in conjunction with the DDEC III/IV Single ECM
Troubleshooting Guide and the DDEC V Single ECM Troubleshooting Guide.
Series 60®, Detroit Diesel®, DDC®,DDEC
®and the spinning arrows design are registered
trademarks of Detroit Diesel Corporation. Diagnostic Link®is a registered trademarks of the
Detroit Diesel Corporation.

SERIES 60 EGR TECHNICIAN'S GUIDE
A LETTER TO TECHNICIANS
The Series 60 engine is entering its 14th year!
Since its introduction in 1987, over 729,000 Series 60 engines have been introduced in the market.
The technological changes that have occurred during those 14 years have resulted in a different
type of engine, requiring a different class of technicians. Today’s technician is required to have
computer skills, excellent comprehension of the written word and possess an extensive diagnostic
understanding of the various technological systems and components. Today’s technician must
perform at a higher level of efficiency and competency than their predecessors and at the same
time furnish professional quality support.
As the leader in engine computer systems and technology, Detroit Diesel Corporation remains
focused on providing excellence in products, service support and training. As products become
more and more advanced, today’s technicians must become specialized in multiple areas. This
manual is designed with that thought in mind. This Series 60 EGR Technician’s Guide will
provide you with concentrated information that will allow you to excel in EGR technology.
The Series 60 EGR Technician’s Guide covers the October 2002 through current production
Series 60 EGR engines.
After completing this guide you will:
Understand the function of the Series 60 EGR engine components and their
interdependence
Understand Series 60 EGR operating modes
Recognize the logic, component, and protection codes logged within the ECM
Learn the acceptable pressure output values from a Variable Pressure Output Device
(VPOD)
Be able to record, playback, save, and e-mail a DDDL snapshot
Apply your understanding of the EGR system logic to review DDDL diagnostic snapshots
All information subject to change without notice. (Rev. April 2004) i
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ii All information subject to change without notice. (Rev. April 2004)
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SERIES 60 EGR TECHNICIAN'S GUIDE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 1-1
2COMPONENTS................................................................................................................... 2-1
3MODES............................................................................................................................... 3-1
4CODES................................................................................................................................4-1
5 DDEC IV TESTING ............................................................................................................. 5-1
6 DDDL/SNAPSHOTS ........................................................................................................... 6-1
7 SNAPSHOT EXAMPLES .................................................................................................... 7-1
8DDECVCOMPONENTS.................................................................................................... 8-1
9 DDEC V CODES ................................................................................................................. 9-1
10 DDEC V TESTING .............................................................................................................. 10-1
APPENDIX A: LIST OF ACRONYMS ........................................................................................... A-1
APPENDIX B: DDEC IV WIRING SCHEMATICS ......................................................................... B-1
APPENDIX C: ENGINE DIAGNOSTIC QUESTIONNAIRE .......................................................... C-1
APPENDIX D: SERVICE INFORMATION LETTERS ................................................................... D-1
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TABLEOFCONTENTS
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SERIES 60 EGR TECHNICIAN'S GUIDE
1INTRODUCTION
The Series 60 EGR Technician's Guide is intended to be used by a qualified service technician
familiar with Detroit Diesel electronically controlled (DDEC) diesel engines and to provide a
better understanding of the EGR system to improve the diagnosing of a Series 60®EGR system.
NOTE:
The Series 60 EGR system will be supported in the near future.
Prerequisites for effective diagnosis include the following topics:
Knowledge of both the engine and vehicle principles of operation.
Ability to perform and to understand service manual and troubleshooting manual
procedures.
Availability and training to use gages and diagnostic test equipment.
Familiarization of the computer software associated with DDC products.
An essential tool to properly diagnose and troubleshoot a DDEC IV or DDEC V Series 60
EGR engine is the Detroit Diesel Diagnostic Link®(DDDL).
This tool will provide you all the help you will need as it contains proper troubleshooting
information for all products.
NOTE:
It is absolutely critical that you understand the EGR system to be qualified to offer any
type of proper diagnostics. Do not waste time trying to troubleshoot a DDC product,
you are not qualified to troubleshoot. Your company may incur wasted labor hours. If
you are qualified to perform a troubleshooting task and have spent more than one hour
on that task, STOP, and contact DDC Technical Assistance. Once you have discussed
your options with a technical support person, you can perform the required tests and
evaluations. Please keep in contact with your technical support person. This allows
youtostayontrack.
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INTRODUCTION
BASICS
The following listed items should be checked prior to starting any troubleshooting:
Ensure engine serial number on the ECM matches the serial number on the cylinder block.
Walk around the vehicle. Look for obvious problems such as leaks (air or liquid).
Inspect the ECM for worn isolators, debris or bolts lodged between ECM and cylinder
block.
Ensure the fuel supply shut-off valve is set to full on.
Check that the fuel filter is secure and tight.
Check for a restricted air filter.
Inspect truck frontal area for air flow restriction through the CAC and radiator.
Ensure that the fuel tank level is correct and that the fuel tank is full.
Look for any vehicle damage.
Investigate any prior repairs, if applicable.
Check for broken wiring connectors.
Check for poor mating of the connector halves or terminals not fully seated in the
connector body (backed out terminals).
Look for improperly formed or damaged terminals. All connector terminals in the problem
circuit should be carefully inspected to determine proper contact tension. Use a mating
terminal to test the contact tension.
Check for electrical system interference caused by a defective relay, ECM driven solenoid,
or a switch causing an electrical surge. Look for problems with the charging system
(alternator, etc.). In certain cases, the problem can be made to occur when the faulty
component is operated as in the case of a relay.
Verify that alternator grounds are clean and making good contact. Disconnect the
alternator belt to test.
Wiggle wires and harnesses to try to make the problem active, or re-occur.
1-2 All information subject to change without notice. (Rev. April 2004)
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SERIES 60 EGR TECHNICIAN'S GUIDE
OPERATOR INFORMATION
This section should serve as a guideline for the technician:
Intermittent Problems - Talk to the operator/driver. Be specific!
Develop your own Driver Questionnaire (see Figure 1-1).
NOTE:
A full page copy of the questionnaire can be found in Appendix C.
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INTRODUCTION
Figure 1-1 Drivers Questionnaire
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SERIES 60 EGR TECHNICIAN'S GUIDE
Driver Questionnaire
Ask the driver to answer the following questions before attempting to repair an intermittent
problem, or a problem with symptoms but no diagnostic codes. Use this and the response as a
guideline. Refer to Questionnaire Response Guideline found on page 1–6.
1. How often does the problem occur? Can you and the driver take the vehicle and
demonstrate the problem in less than 30 minutes?
2. Has the vehicle been to other shops for the same problem? If so, what was done there?
3. Did the radio, dash gages, or lights momentarily turn OFF when the problem occurred?
4. Does the problem occur only at specific operating conditions? If so, at what load? Is it
light, medium, or heavy?
5. Does the problem occur at a specific engine operating temperature? If so, at what engine
temperature?
6. Does the problem occur at a specific engine operating altitude? If so, at what altitude?
7. Does the problem occur only when above or below specific outside temperatures? In
what temperature range?
8. Does the problem occur during other conditions e.g. during or after rain, spray washing,
snow?
9. Did the problem occur at a specific vehicle speed? If so, at what vehicle speed?
10. Does the problem occur at specific engine RPM? If so, at what engine RPM?
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INTRODUCTION
Questionnaire Response Guideline
The following are typical responses to the Driver Questionnaire:
PERSONAL INJURY
To avoid injury from loss of vehicle/vessel control, the
operator of a DDEC equipped engine must not use or read
any diagnostic tool while the vehicle/vessel is moving.
1. If the problem is repeatable, take the vehicle for a drive with the DDDL connected and
note the conditions when the problem occurs. Be prepared to take snapshot data using the
DDDL. Ensure you operate the vehicle after correcting the problem and duplicate
the operating conditions before releasing the unit, to verify the problem is corrected.
2. If the vehicle has been to other shops for the same problem, call the other shops and find
out what has been done. Avoid replacing the same components again unless absolutely
sure they are the problem! It is unlikely a component will fail again following a recent
replacement.
3. If other vehicle devices are affected, this indicates there may be something wrong with
the ignition wiring.
4. Operate the engine under similar load conditions. Check the fuel system for restrictions,
primary filter, and fuel tanks for foreign objects blocking the fuel supply. Also, check the
air system. Utilize the DDDL snapshot feature.
5. Operate the engine at this temperature while attempting to duplicate the problem. Use the
snapshot feature on the DDDL.
6. If possible, troubleshoot the problem in this temperature range.
7. If the problem seems to occur during or after the engine is subjected to rain/spray washing,
thoroughly inspect the connectors for moisture entry.
8. If the problem occurs at a specific vehicle speed, check the parameters affecting vehicle
speed to verify they are programmed close to the vehicle speed where the problem
occurs. Check Vehicle Speed and watch the DDDL (snapshot) for changes to see if the
pulse wheel (VSS signal) is loose.
9. If the problem occurs at a specific engine rpm, unplug the oil, coolant, and air temperature
sensors, and note any changes to the problem. Gather this data and contact Detroit Diesel
Technical Service.
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SERIES 60 EGR TECHNICIAN'S GUIDE
2COMPONENTS
The purpose of the EGR system is to reduce engine exhaust gas emissions in accordance with
EPA regulations.
Figure 2-1 EGR System
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COMPONENTS
EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) allows a percentage of the exhaust gases to remix with the air
coming into the intake manifold. The exhaust gas dilutes the incoming air, displacing some of the
oxygen in the air. Less oxygen results in a slower burn and a reduced peak cylinder temperature
which reduces NOx (nitrogen oxides).
Figure 2-1 illustrates how components of the EGR system function.
See Figure 2-2 and Figure 2-3 to familiarize yourself with the EGR components.
1. VNT Turbocharger 6. S Pipe
2. Turbo Vane Actuator 7. EGR Valve
3. EGR Valve Actuator 8. EGR Cooler
4. Delta Pressure Sensor 9. High Flow Water Pump
5. EGR Gas Delivery Pipe
Figure 2-2 Right Side View
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SERIES 60 EGR TECHNICIAN'S GUIDE
1. EGR Gas Delivery Pipe 4. Intake Manifold Air Temperature Sensor
2. EGR Mixer 5. Barometric Pressure Sensor
3. Intake Manifold 6. Intake Manifold Boost Pressure Sensor
Figure 2-3 Left Side View
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COMPONENTS
FUNCTIONALITY OF THE EGR COMPONENTS
Variable Pressure Output Device (VPOD)
12 V/24V power supply system
DDEC IV ECM: PWM2 (Y1) EGR and PWM4 (X2) VNT
Figure 2-4 EGR Valve and VNT Control System
There are two Variable Pressure Output Devices (VPOD) that control the Variable Geometry
Turbo (VNT) and the EGR system. The location of the VPODs is application dependent. During
engine EGR operation, the VPOD provides modulated air pressure to the pneumatic actuators
which change the VNT vanes and EGR valve positions. The VPOD interface with other systems
maybeviewedinseeFigure2-4.
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SERIES 60 EGR TECHNICIAN'S GUIDE
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COMPONENTS
Variable Nozzle Turbocharger (VNT)
Figure 2-5 VNT Turbocharger
Figure 2-6 Cut Away View of the Vanes
The results of being able to adjust like this are as follow. See Figure 2-5 and see Figure 2-6.
Enhanced air/fuel ratio during engine acceleration
2-6 All information subject to change without notice. (Rev. April 2004)
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