18 RU cod. 3541B940 - 03/2012 (Rev. 01)
3. ɍɋɌȺɇɈȼɄȺ
3.1 ɍɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ
Bɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨ ɬɨɦɭ
ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɸ, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɧ ɛɵɥ ɫɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɢɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧ.
ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɣ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɝɪɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ
ɧɢɠɟ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɤɢɩɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ ɚɬɦɨɫɮɟɪɧɨɦ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɢ ɢɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ
ɩɨɞɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧ ɤɨɬɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɢ/ɢɥɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ Ƚȼɋ, ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦ
ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ, ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɦ ɢɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ
ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɥɚ. ɉɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɥɸɛɵɯ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ
ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɧɟɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ.
ɍɋɌȺɇɈȼɄȺ ɄɈɌɅȺ ȾɈɅɀɇȺ ɈɋɍɓȿɋɌȼɅəɌɖɋə ɌɈɅɖɄɈ
ɋɉȿɐɂȺɅɂɁɂɊɈȼȺɇɇɕɆ ɉȿɊɋɈɇȺɅɈɆ, ɂɆȿɘɓɂɆ ɉɊɈȼȿɊȿɇɇɍɘ
ɄȼȺɅɂɎɂɄȺɐɂɘ, ɉɊɂ ɋɈȻɅɘȾȿɇɂɂ ɉɊɂȼȿȾȿɇɇɕɏ ȼɇȺɋɌɈəɓȿɆ
ɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɈɆ ɊɍɄɈȼɈȾɋɌȼȿ ɂɇɋɌɊɍɄɐɂɃ, ȾȿɃɋɌȼɍɘɓɂɏ ɁȺɄɈɇɈȼ ɂ
ɉɊȿȾɉɂɋȺɇɂɃ ɆȿɋɌɇɕɏ ɇɈɊɆ, ȼɋɈɈɌȼȿɌɋɌȼɂɂ ɋɉɊɂɇəɌɕɆɂ
ɌȿɏɇɂɑȿɋɄɂɆɂ ɌɊȿȻɈȼȺɇɂəɆɂ.
ɇɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɬɶ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɥɸɞɹɦ, ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɦ ɢ
ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɭ, ɡɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɢɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ.
3.2 Ɇɟɫɬɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ
Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤɤɨɬɥɚɦ ɫ"ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɣ ɤɚɦɟɪɨɣ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ". Ɉɧ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɢɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ, ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɹɰɢɢ. ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɩɪɢɬɨɤ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɚ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ
ɝɨɪɟɧɢɹ, ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɢɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɸ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ
ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɫɝɨɪɚɧɢɹ, ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜɬɚɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ
(ɨɤɫɢɞɵ), ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɫɟɢɜɚɧɢɢ ɜɞɨɦɚɲɧɢɯ ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɹɯ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɨ
ɜɪɟɞɧɵɦɢ ɞɥɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ.
ȼɥɸɛɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɩɵɥɶ, ɨɝɧɟɨɩɚɫɧɵɟ
ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɵ ɢɥɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɵ ɢɥɢ ɟɞɤɢɟ ɝɚɡɵ. ɉɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɭɯɢɦ ɢɧɟ
ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɡɚɦɟɪɡɚɧɢɸ.
ɉɪɢ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɟ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ ɜɨɤɪɭɝ ɧɟɝɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨɟ
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɣ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ.
3.3 Ƚɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
ɉɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ
ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɬɟɩɥɨɜɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ
ɩɭɬɟɦ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɬɟɩɥɟ ɜɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ
ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɚɦɢ Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɫɪɨɤɚ ɫɥɭɠɛɵ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ
ɪɚɡɦɟɪɵ ɢɜɤɥɸɱɚɬɶ ɜɫɟɛɹ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢɛɟɫɩɟɪɟɛɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɤɚ ɜɨɞɵ
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɜɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ"ɨɛɪɚɬɤɢ" ɩɪɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ
ɬɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɟ ɩɭɡɵɪɢ,
ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɜɷɬɢɯ ɦɟɫɬɚɯ ɜɨɡɞɭɯɨɜɵɩɭɫɤɧɵɟ ɤɪɚɧɵ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɜ
ɫɚɦɨɣ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɬɨɱɤɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɫɥɢɜɧɨɣ ɜɟɧɬɢɥɶ ɞɥɹ
ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɢɜɚ ɜɨɞɵ ɢɡ ɧɟɟ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɧɢɠɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɡɚɩɨɪɧɵɣ
ɜɟɧɬɢɥɶ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɜɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ.
Ɋɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪ ɜɨɞɵ ɜɩɪɹɦɨɦ ɢɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɦ
ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɨɪɚɯ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɥɚ 20 °C.
Bɇɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɣɬɟ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɝɢɞɪɚɜɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ.
ɉɟɪɟɞ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɦɨɣɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɞɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ
ɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɝɪɹɡɧɹɸɳɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɬɟɥ, ɦɨɝɭɳɢɯ ɩɨɦɟɲɚɬɶ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ.
ȼɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɟ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɭɛ ɤɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɲɬɭɰɟɪɚɦ, ɤɚɤ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ
ɪɢɫ. 39.
Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɬɥɨɦ ɢɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɨɬɫɟɱɧɵɟ
ɤɥɚɩɚɧɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɥɢ ɛɵ ɜɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɨɬ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
Bɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɬɪɭɛɵ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɟɫɹ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ
ɤɨɬɥɚ, ɧɟ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɥɢɫɶ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɚɦ.
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɜɨɞɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɨɬɨɩɥɟɧɢɹ
ȼɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɞɵ ɩɪɟɜɵɲɚɟɬ 25° Fr, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɚɹ ɜɨɬɨɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɜɨɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɚ, ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɪɪɨɡɢɸ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ
ɚɝɪɟɫɫɢɜɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ. ɋɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɨɣ ɞɚɠɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ
ɦɢɥɥɢɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɫɜɹɡɢ ɫɢɯ ɧɢɡɤɨɣ ɬɟɩɥɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ
ɩɟɪɟɝɪɟɜ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɟɧɨɤ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɫɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɦɢ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ.
ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɚ ɜɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ (ɫ
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɚɦɢ ɜɨɞɵ) ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɨɣ ɩɨɞɚɱɢ ɜɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɪɟɤɭɩɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɵ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɜɷɬɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɜɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɧɵɣ ɫɥɢɜ ɜɨɞɵ
ɢɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɧɨɜɨɟ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ
ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɨɞɨɣ.
Ɂɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɢɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜɨɞɨɣ
Ⱦɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɜɯɨɥɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ 1 ɛɚɪ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɜɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɭɩɚɥɨ (ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɢɫɩɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɜɨɞɟ
ɝɚɡɨɜ) ɞɨ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɧɢɠɟ ɜɵɲɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦɚ, ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ
ɞɨɜɟɫɬɢ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɨ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ
ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɧɟɦ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɣ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ 1,5 - 2
ɛɚɪ.
3.4 ɉɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɭ
Bɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɱɟɦ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɤɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɬɥɚ ɤɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɝɚɡɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ,
ɭɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ
ɜɢɞɟ ɬɨɩɥɢɜɚ ɢɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɜɫɟ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɞɥɹ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ
ɩɨɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ, ɦɨɝɭɳɢɯ ɩɨɦɟɲɚɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɚ.
Ƚɚɡ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɩɚɬɪɭɛɤɭ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ.39) ɫɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟɦ
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɨɪɦ, ɫɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɠɟɫɬɤɨɣ ɦɟɬɚɥɥɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɬɪɭɛɵ ɢɥɢ ɝɢɛɤɨɝɨ
ɲɥɚɧɝɚ ɢɡ ɧɟɪɠɚɜɟɸɳɟɣ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɫɨ ɫɩɥɨɲɧɨɣ ɨɩɥɟɬɤɨɣ. Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɦ ɢ
ɤɨɬɥɨɦ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɣ ɤɪɚɧ. ɉɪɨɜɟɪɶɬɟ ɝɟɪɦɟɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɫɟɯ
ɝɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ.
ɉɪɨɩɭɫɤɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɚ ɝɚɡɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ
ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɧɟɦɭ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɨɜ Ⱦɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɝɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɚɬɪɭɛɤɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɜɵɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɥɚ, ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɦ ɩɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪɚ ɬɪɭɛɵ,
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɸɳɟɣ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɢɫɱɟɬɱɢɤ; ɞɢɚɦɟɬɪ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ
ɧɨɪɦɚɦ ɢɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɞɥɢɧɵ ɢɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɪɭɛɵ.
BɁɚɩɪɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɝɚɡɨɜɵɟ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞɵ ɜɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɩɪɨɜɨɞɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
3.5 ɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ
ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɫɟɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
Ʉɨɬɟɥ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɞɧɨɮɚɡɧɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ 230 ȼ- 50 Ƚɰ .
Bɗɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜɬɨɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɤɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ iɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ
ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ, ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦɢ
ɬɟɯɧɢɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ. ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɟɝɨ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɦ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɟɧɵ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ
ɩɟɪɫɨɧɚɥɨɦ. ɂɡɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɟ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɧɢɤɚɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɭɳɟɪɛ,
ɦɨɝɭɳɢɣ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɡɚɡɟɦɥɟɧɢɹ ɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɚ.
ɍɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɶɬɟɫɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ, ɱɬɨ ȼɚɲɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɥɚ, ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɚ ɬɚɛɥɢɱɤɟ
ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ, ɚɬɚɤɠɟ, ɱɬɨ ɫɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɨɜ ȼɚɲɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɬɥɚ.
Ʉɨɬɟɥ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɟ ɫɤɚɛɟɥɟɦ ɢɪɚɡɴɟɦɨɦ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ
ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɫɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɤɨɬɟɥ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧ ɤ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɨɦɭ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɛɥɨɤɭ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ (ɫɦ. ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ
ɧɚsez. 15.5). Ʉɨɬɟɥ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɧɚɛɠɟɧ ɬɪɟɯɠɢɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɚɛɟɥɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɤ
ɫɟɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ. ɉɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɫɟɬɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦ, ɩɪɢɱɟɦ
ɦɟɠɞɭ ɦɟɫɬɨɦ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɫɟɬɢ ɢɤɨɬɥɨɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɞɜɭɯɩɨɥɸɫɧɵɣ
ɪɚɡɦɵɤɚɬɟɥɶ ɫɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɚɡɨɦɤɧɭɬɵɦɢ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɚɦɢ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ 3 ɦɦ, ɚ
ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɢ ɦɚɤɫ. ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɨɦ 3A. ɉɪɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ
ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɫɨɛɥɸɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ (ɎȺɁȺ: ɤɨɪɢɱɧɟɜɵɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞ /
ɇȿɃɌɊȺɅɖ: ɫɢɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞ / ɁȿɆɅə: ɠɟɥɬɨ-ɡɟɥɟɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɜɨɞ.
Ⱦɨɫɬɭɩ ɤɛɥɨɤɭ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɠɢɦɨɜ ɢɤɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ
ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ, ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ
ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɫɥɟɞɭɣɬɟ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦ, ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɦ ɧɚ ɪɢɫ.30.Ɋɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ
ɡɚɠɢɦɨɜ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ,
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɧɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɯɟɦɟ ɜɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ "Ɍɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ".
ɪɢɫ.2-Ⱦɨɫɬɭɩ ɤɛɥɨɤɭ ɡɚɠɢɦɨɜ
Ɉɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
AɈɬɤɪɭɬɢɬɟ 2 ɫɚɦɨɧɚɪɟɡɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɢɧɬɚ ɮɢɤɫɚɰɢɢ ɤɪɵɲɤɢ ɤɨɬɥɚ.
Bɉɨɞɧɢɦɢɬɟ ɤɪɵɲɤɭ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɧɢɡɭ ɜɜɟɪɯ; ɫɧɢɦɢɬɟ
ɤɵɲɤɭ, ɨɫɜɨɛɨɞɢɜ ɟɟ ɨɬ ɛɨɤɨɜɵɯ ɩɚɥɶɰɟɜ.
CɈɬɤɪɭɬɢɬɟ ɢɫɧɢɦɢɬɟ ɞɜɚ ɜɢɧɬɚ ɢɩɥɢɬɤɢ ɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɧɟɥɢ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ.
Dɉɨɜɟɪɧɢɬɟ ɩɚɧɟɥɶ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜɩɟɪɟɞ.
Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ
ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ, ɞɚɬɱɢɤɚ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ, ɪɟɥɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ, ɤɨɥɛɚ ɬɟɪɦɨɫɬɚɬɚ ɢɬ.ɞ., ɞɨɥɠɧɵ
ɛɵɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɚ ɩɨɞɚɸɳɢɣ ɬɪɭɛɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɧɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ 40 ɫɦ. ɨɬ
ɡɚɞɧɟɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɤɨɠɭɯɚ ɤɨɬɥɚ (ɫɦ. ɪɢɫ.31).