FuehlerSysteme FS6002 User manual

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Weather Station
FS6002
Instructions for Use

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Safety Instructions
•Before operating with or at the device/product, read through the operating instructions.
This manual contains instructions which should be followed on mounting, start-up, and operation.
A non-observance might cause:
- failure of important functions
- endangering of persons by electrical or mechanical effect
- damages to objects
•Mounting, electrical connection and wiring of the device/product must be carried out only by a qualified
technician who is familiar with and observes the engineering regulations, provisions and standards applicable in
each case.
•Repairs and maintenance may only be carried out by trained staff or the manufacturer.
Only components and spare parts supplied and/or recommended by the manufacturer should be used for
repairs.
•Electrical devices/products must be mounted and wired in zero potential state only.
•The manufacturer guarantees proper functioning of the device/products provided that no modifications have
been made to the mechanics, electronics or software, and that the following points are observed:
•All information, warnings and instructions for use included in these operating instructions must be taken into
account and observed as this is essential to ensure trouble-free operation and a safe condition of the measuring
system / device / product.
•The device / product is designed for a specific application as described in these operating instructions.
•The device / product should be operated with the accessories and consumables supplied and/or recommended
by the manufacturer.
•Recommendation: As it is possible that each measuring system / device / product under certain conditions, and
in rare cases, may also output erroneous measuring values, it is recommended to use redundant systems with
plausibility checks with security-relevant applications.
Environment
•Products governed by the provisions of "ElektroG" (German Electrical and Electronic
Equipment Act) will be taken back and will be recycled or environmentally compatible
disposed. We are prepared to take back all products concerned free of charge if returned to us
by our customers carriage-paid.
•Make sure you retain packaging for storage or transport of products. Should packaging
however no longer be required, arrange for recycling as the packaging materials are designed
to be recycled.
Documentation
•© Copyright FuehlerSysteme eNET International GmbH, Nuremberg / Germany
•Although this operating instruction has been drawn up with due care, FuehlerSysteme eNET International
GmbH can accept no liability whatsoever for any technical and typographical errors or omissions in this
document that might remain.
•We can accept no liability whatsoever for any losses arising from the information contained in this document.
•Subject to modification in terms of content.
•The device / product should not be passed on without the/these operating instructions.

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Contents
1Model.............................................................................................................................6
2Application.....................................................................................................................6
3Mode of operation..........................................................................................................9
3.1 Wind measurement:............................................................................................................9
3.1.1 Measuring principle: Wind speed and direction ............................................................9
3.1.2 Measuring principle: Acoustic virtual temperature ......................................................10
3.2 Temperature and humidity measurement: ........................................................................11
3.3 Air pressure:.....................................................................................................................11
3.4 Brightness: .......................................................................................................................11
3.5 Precipitation:.....................................................................................................................11
3.5.1 Measuring principle: Precipitation:..............................................................................11
3.5.2 Type of precipitation (Synop Code):...........................................................................12
4Storage and handling of the WEATHER STATION .....................................................13
5Installation of WEATHER STATION............................................................................13
5.1 Selection of installation site...............................................................................................13
5.2 Mechanical installation......................................................................................................14
5.2.1 Alignment to north......................................................................................................14
5.3 Electrical installation.........................................................................................................15
5.3.1 Cable, cable preparation, connector installation.........................................................15
5.3.2 Connection diagram for 16-core cable (function example)..........................................17
5.3.3 Connection with optional 16-core cable 509311.........................................................17
5.3.4 Connection diagram for 8-core cable (function example)............................................18
5.3.5 Connection with optional 8-core cable 509427...........................................................18
6Servicing......................................................................................................................19
6.1 Calibration........................................................................................................................19
6.2 Warranty...........................................................................................................................20
7Functional description..................................................................................................20
7.1 Command interpreter MODBUS RTU...............................................................................20
7.1.1 Measured values (input register)................................................................................21
7.1.2 Commands (holding register).....................................................................................28
7.1.3 Commands and descriptions......................................................................................28
7.1.4 Sensor Status.............................................................................................................29
7.2 Analogue outputs..............................................................................................................29
7.2.1 North correction..........................................................................................................30
7.3 Instantaneous values and output of raw measured values................................................31
7.3.1 Averaging...................................................................................................................31
7.4 Serial data output .............................................................................................................32
7.4.1 Data request ..............................................................................................................32
7.4.2 Autonomous telegram output .....................................................................................32
7.4.3 Fixed telegram formats...............................................................................................33
7.4.4 Generation of check sum ...........................................................................................33
7.5 Device behaviour under extreme measuring conditions....................................................34

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7.5.1 Occurrence of errors:.................................................................................................34
7.5.2 Behaviour of analogue outputs...................................................................................34
7.5.3 Behaviour of telegram output.....................................................................................34
7.6 Output of all system parameters.......................................................................................34
7.7 Query software version.....................................................................................................34
7.8 Force restart.....................................................................................................................34
7.9 Plausibility ........................................................................................................................35
7.10 Online Help ......................................................................................................................35
8Configuration of WEATHER STATION by customer....................................................36
9List of commands.........................................................................................................37
10 Commands and descriptions .......................................................................................38
11 Appendix 1 Predefined data telegrams........................................................................57
11.1 Telegram 1 VDT...............................................................................................................57
11.2 Telegram 2 VDTHP..........................................................................................................57
11.3 Telegram 3 VDTBDRE .....................................................................................................58
11.4 Telegram 4 VDTHPBDRE ................................................................................................58
11.5 Telegram 5 NMEA - WIND ...............................................................................................59
11.6 Telegram 6.......................................................................................................................60
11.7 Telegram 7.......................................................................................................................62
11.8 Telegram 14 Scientific telegram .......................................................................................63
11.9 Telegram Addition by Parameter OP................................................................................65
12 Technical data .............................................................................................................66
13 Accessories (available as optional features)................................................................68
14 Dimension drawing......................................................................................................69

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Table
Table 1: Synop Code table............................................................................................................ 12
Table 2: Restrictions in full and half duplex mode.......................Fehler! Textmarke nicht definiert.
Table 3: Access keys for different command levels ....................Fehler! Textmarke nicht definiert.
Table 4 : MODBUS frame.............................................................................................................. 20
Table 5: MODBUS exceptions....................................................................................................... 20
Table 6: MODBUS input register ................................................................................................... 27
Table 7: List of commands............................................................................................................. 28
Table 8: Factory-set Scaling of analogue outputs.......................................................................... 30
Table 9: List of predefined data telegrams..................................................................................... 33
Table 10: Selection of averaging periods with parameter AV......................................................... 41
Table 11: List of baud rates with telegram BR ............................................................................... 42
Table 12: Conversion factors between different wind speeds........................................................ 51

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1 Model
Article No.
Designation
Parameters
Output / Interfaces / Features
WS2/O-U/MB
WEATHER STATION
As above
- As above, however
Data protocol, adjusted:
- BINARY (Modbus RTU)
in half duplex mode
2 Application
The WEATHER STATION is used for acquisition of the most important meteorological parameters.
Depending on the development level the device supplies measured data for:
•Wind speed and direction, averaging acc. to WMO- recommendations.
•Air temperature.
•Relative humidity.
•Barometric air pressure.
•Precipitation.
•Brightness.

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For a correct determination of the wind direction in mobile use of the WEATHER STATION there is
a magnetic compass integrated in all models available. Furthermore, an integrated GPS-receiver
serves for the determination of the exact Universal Time, and geographic position.
For an exact north alignment at stationary installation it is used the difference angle between the
brightness direction –measured by the instrument at cloudless sky –and the sun position angle
–calculated via Universal Time and geographic position of the GPS.
In addition to the meteorological sensors there is integrated a GPS-receiver, an electronic magnetic
compass, and an acceleration sensor in the instrument.
The options for data output are
- analogue, as a standard signal or / and in
- binary (MODBUS RTU protocol).
The compact design, simple mounting and different options for data output permit operation with
numerous applications.
The device is particularly suitable for use in the following sectors:
- Building services management.
- Traffic control.
- Meteorology.
- Industry.
- Energy Supply.
- Environmental monitoring.
The wind speed and wind direction are determined through the acquisition of 2-dimensional
horizontal components of ultrasonic measurement paths positioned at right angles in relation to
each other. The speed of sound can be additionally used to calculate and output the acoustic
virtual temperature.
The principle of measuring the ultrasonic propagation time means that the device is ideal for the
inertia-free measurement of gusts and peak values.
The air temperature and relative humidity are measured via a built-in precision combination
sensor. It is protected from harmful environmental influences by a micropore filter that is
impermeable to water but open to water vapour. The built-in pressure sensor based on MEMs
(micro-electro-mechanical system) technology is also protected with such a filter.
Measurement of the precipitation intensity is contactless using a signal reflected back with a
Doppler radar. When calculating this, the intensity captured for the last minute is extrapolated to an
output for one hour.

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Brightness is captured by 4 photo sensors with spectral sensitivity curve, which is ideally suited to
the sensitivity of the human eye. The direction of the light source is calculated using the prevailing
intensity conditions. The logarithmic intensity characteristic of the photo sensors allows light
intensities to be measured and output in a wide range between 1 –150,000lux.
The real direction of the maximum brightness ca be calculated via the 4 photo sensors, and can be
output as brightness direction. With unclouded sky this direction corresponds to the azimuth angle
of the sun position.
With diffuse light conditions it might deviate from the real azimuth angle of the sun position.
Therefore, a threshold of 10kLux has been determined. Below this threshold the brightness
direction is output with 0°.
In weather situations with quickly travelling clouds the direction of the measured maximum
brightness can steadily change, which might result in an irregular control of connected clouding
devices. Here, it makes more sense to use the azimuth angle of the sun position, which is
calculated via GPS information, for external control.
Remark:
The components of the single brightness sensors can be measured correctly only when the
WEATHER STATION is aligned mechanically to the north direction. The electronic north correction
affects only the vectorial brightness direction (see command BO).
A GPS receiver, which is built-in with certain models, is used for the determination of position and
as a real-time source. This data is additionally used to calculate the current position of the sun. The
position, time and position of the sun are output via the e RS485/422 interfaces.
An electronic compass which is integrated, detects the horizontal aspecular angle of the north
marking of the instrument to the magnetic north pole in angular degrees.
The analogue and digital interfaces are electrically isolated from the power supply and the housing
potential. This means that there is no conductive connection that might result in the output signals
being superposed by interference currents or voltages.
Digital output:
A RS485/422 interface is available for serial communication. It can be operated in full or half duplex
mode. Predefined data telegrams are available for outputting measured values (e.g. VD, VDT,
NMEA, etc.).
A MODBUS RTU protocol is additionally implemented for extended standardised communication.
The device can be switched to MODBUS-RTU mode with the relevant command.
Analogue outputs:
8 voltage outputs 0..10V are available.
The first 3 outputs are set to:
1. Wind speed.
2. Wind direction.
3. Temperature.
The other 5 voltage outputs are predefined for:
4. Relative humidity,
5. air pressure,
6. brightness,
7. brightness direction,
8. precipitation intensity.

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Individual output scaling of the measuring ranges is possible; see Command OL, Output Link.
These outputs are either active or inactive depending on the model.
Serial and analogue output of the data can take the form of an instantaneous value or a sliding
mean.
Device models without GPS nevertheless have a battery-backed real-time clock, which can be
used to output a date and time stamp in the data telegrams.
The WEATHER STATION is equipped with a built-in heating system, so more or less stopping ice
or snow from building up on the device.
3 Mode of operation
3.1 Wind measurement:
The wind speed measuring module of the WEATHER STATION consists of 4 ultrasonic converters,
arranged in pairs of two facing each other via a reflector. The two resulting measurement paths are
at right angles to each other. The converters function both as acoustic transmitters and acoustic
receivers.
The electronic control system is used to select the respective measurement path and its measuring
direction. When measurement starts, a sequence of 4 individual measurements is performed in all
4 directions of the measurement paths in a basic measuring cycle of one millisecond.
The measuring directions (sound propagation directions) rotate clockwise. Mean values are
calculated from the 4 individual measurements of the path directions and then used for further
calculations. The time required for a measuring sequence at the maximum measuring speed is
exactly 10.0 milliseconds (measuring sequence 8ms + 2ms for analysis).
3.1.1 Measuring principle: Wind speed and direction
The propagation speed of sound in calm air is superposed by the speed components of an airflow
in the direction of the wind. A wind speed component in the propagation direction of the sound
supports its speed of propagation, so causing it to increase. On the other hand, a wind speed
component against the propagation direction reduces the speed of propagation. The propagation
speed resulting from superposition results in different propagation times of the sound at different
wind speeds and directions over a fixed measurement path.
As the speed of sound greatly depends on the temperature of the air, the sound propagation time is
measured on each of the two measurement paths in both directions. These rules out the
measurement result being influenced by temperature.
By combining two measuring paths at right angles to each other, the sum and angle of the wind
speed vector are obtained in the form of rectangular components. After the rectangular speed
components have been measured, they are converted to polar coordinates by the WEATHER
STATION microprocessor and then output as a sum and angle of wind speed.

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Moving averaging of the wind velocity and wind direction acc. to the WMO- recommendations:
The wind data can be averaged moving over a time span of up to 10 minutes on a base of
100 millisecond values. This averaging is calculated according the recommendation of the WMO as
the FIFO-method. That means, that all data are kept in the memory up to the end of the averaging
period. Thus, a data outlier can be identified as such, and - contrary to a first-order averaging –
does not lead to a settling of its influence for a longer period.
3.1.2 Measuring principle: Acoustic virtual temperature
The thermodynamic interrelationship between the propagation speed of sound and the absolute air
temperature is defined by a root function. The speed of sound is also more or less independent of
the air pressure and only depends on the absolute air humidity to an insignificant extent.
This physical relationship between the speed of sound and temperature can be used to measure
the temperature of the air as long as its chemical composition is known and remains constant. The
levels of gases in the atmosphere are constant and, with the exception of the content of water
vapour, vary by no more than a few 100ppm (CO2) even over lengthy periods.
The determination of gas temperature via its speed of sound is performed directly from
measurement of its physical properties without the indirect step of thermal coupling of this gas to a
sensor, which would otherwise be necessary.
Note:
The acoustic-virtual temperature is the air temperature which refers to dry air
without any water vapour. It is detected by sonic logging of acoustic pulses .
The acoustic temperature is not suitable for the exact measurement of air
temperature. It serves exclusively for the verification of the acquired wind
measuring values.