Funkwerk 250TM Series Instruction Manual

Operation and
Installation
(Document-No. 03.310.010.71e)
P/N 250TM-(xxx)-(xxx)
TM250
Traffic Monitor

TM250 / P/N 250TM-(xxx)-(xxx)
Operation and Installation
2Document No.
:
03.310.010.71e / Revision: 2.10
List of Changes
Revision Date Change description
1.00 11.06.2009 First issue
1.01 21.07.2009 Visual Alerting
1.02 29.07.2009 Manual Setting of the ICAO 24-bit address,
Software-Update by users
1.03 17.08.2009 Added Wiring Diagram (4.2)
1.04 30.07.2010 New Human Machine Interface
Added information on connectors
1.05 28.01.2011 FLARM
®
Target Counter, automatic detection
of external FLARM
®
device
1.06 31.03.2011 Pictures updates (2.1)
2.00 04.04.2012 Software 2.0 with Mode AC- functionality
2.01 01.04.2013 CE Declaration of Conformity adapted
2.10 24.06.2013 Software 2.1 - additional traffic protocol
List of Service Bulletins (SB)
Service bulletins are to be inserted in the manual and to be recorded in
the table.
SB Number Rev.
Nr. Issue date Date of Insertion Name
Device overview
Article number Description
P/N 250TM-(000)-(000) Basic variant
P/N 250TM-(100)-(100) New HMI, Connection for external
displays

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Table of Contents
1 Introduction.......................................................................................5
1.1 Symbols ...........................................................................................5
1.2 Customer Service.............................................................................5
1.3 Device Overview..............................................................................6
2 Operation..........................................................................................9
2.1 Operation Controls...........................................................................9
2.2 Switching On/Off............................................................................10
2.3 Traffic Display ................................................................................10
2.3.1 Layout of the Traffic View.......................................................... 10
2.3.2 Symbols and Representations of the Traffic View..................... 11
2.4 Configuration Page ........................................................................14
2.4.1 Audio......................................................................................... 14
2.4.2 FLARM
®
.................................................................................... 16
2.4.3 Mode S...................................................................................... 16
2.4.4 Mode C...................................................................................... 16
2.4.5 Display ...................................................................................... 17
2.4.6 Filter.......................................................................................... 17
2.4.7 Traffic Transmit - Tfc Tx............................................................ 18
2.4.8 Demo......................................................................................... 19
2.5 ICAO Configuration Page...............................................................20
2.6 Information Page............................................................................22
2.7 Output of traffic data.......................................................................23
2.8 Software Update ............................................................................23
3 Installation.......................................................................................24
3.1 Unpacking and Inspection..............................................................24
3.2 Scope of Delivery...........................................................................24
3.3 Mounting ........................................................................................25
3.4 Connectors.....................................................................................26
3.4.1 GPS Antenna ............................................................................ 26
3.4.2 1090MHz / FLARM
®
Antenna.................................................... 26
3.4.3 USB........................................................................................... 27
3.4.4 Power / RS-232......................................................................... 27
3.5 Device Dimensions ........................................................................29
3.5.1 Housing..................................................................................... 29
3.5.2 Installation Tips ......................................................................... 30
3.6 Post-installation Checks.................................................................30
3.7 Accessories....................................................................................30

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4 APPENDICES.................................................................................31
4.1 Technical Data...............................................................................31
4.2 Wiring Diagram ..............................................................................32
4.2.1 Cable Harness for TRT-Serie (XPDR)...................................... 32
4.2.2 Cable Harness for OEM-device (XPDR) .................................. 33
4.3 Threat Classifications – Zone Division...........................................34

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1 INTRODUCTION
This manual contains information about the physical, mechanical and
electric characteristics and instructions on installation and operation of
the traffic display TM250.
1.1 Symbols
Vital information that if not followed may cause damage in
the device or in other parts of equipment or may have a
negative impact on the correct function of the device.
Information
1.2 Customer Service
For fast handling of returns please follow the instructions on the form for
complaints and returns provided in the service area of the Funkwerk
Avionics website www.funkwerk-avionics.com.
Suggestions for the improvement of our
manuals are
welcome. Contact: [e-mail].
Information about software updates is available from
Funkwerk Avionics.

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1.3 Device Overview
The traffic display TM250 by Funkwerk Avionics GmbH is aimed at
supporting air space surveillance for General Aviation. It integrates
Mode S, ADS-B, and FLARM ®-Detection in one single device for
cockpit installation.
ADS-B, Mode S and Mode AC
ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast) means that
airplanes whose Mode S transponder is coupled with a GPS receiver
emit their position data on the frequency 1090 MHz. This data can be
received by all airspace users in a vicinity of up to approx. 150 NM.
These ADS-B transmissions from other airplanes are decoded by the
built-in Mode S receiver in the TM250. The display of the TM250
indicates the relative position of these airplanes as well as their vertical
movement direction. This allows a quick assessment of the traffic
situation.
Today, the majority of Air Transport airplanes are equipped with ADS-B
capable systems. Because General Aviation still has a relatively low
degree of ADS-B equipage, airplanes whose transponders do not send
out ADS-B signals are also detected by the TM250. This is achieved
through evaluation of the field strength of the Mode S and Mode AC
signals. In this case, the proximity of such airplanes is signalled by the
TM250 graphically and acoustically. However, a representation of
direction or position of these airplanes is not possible.
The TM250 includes a built-in GPS receiver and can transmit its position
data via an additional serial interface to an ADS-B capable Mode S
transponder (such as the TRT800A/H). Such an installation forms a
complete ADS-B system that can receive and transmit position data
through ADS-B and contributes therefore actively to flight safety.
FLARM
®
Nowadays, numerous glider aircraft are equipped with so-called FLARM
®
systems for collision avoidance. Via a serial interface, an external
FLARM
®
receiver can be connected to the TM250 which then allows
indicating the position and movement direction of these airplanes on the
display of the TM250.

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In case an external FLARM
®
is connected, the FLARM
®
alert
will automatically be disabled (see 2.4.2
), in order to avoid
permanent alerting.
This does not impact the display of
FLARM
®
targets. FLARM
®
targets will still be displayed.
If the aircraft does not carry such a FLARM
®
receiver connected to the
TM250, other gliders nearby that have a FLARM
®
transmitter can still
being detected and indicated on the TM250 graphically and acoustically.
This is achieved through a raw, non-directional detection of the signal
strength of a nearby FLARM
®
transmitter inside the TM250. In this case,
however, it is not possible to indicate the direction, distance, altitude, or
position of such targets. Also, no transmission to other gliders occurs.
For traffic display and warning, four different types of targets are
distinguished depending on the respective equipment of these aircraft.
1. FLARM® targets
Aircraft, particularly gliders, with a FLARM
®
system: As long as no
external FLARM
®
receiver is connected to the TM250, the recognition of
the FLARM
®
equipped airplanes is based merely on the detection of the
signals, and will be shown in the counter, but not on the “map”.
Due to their low radio transmission power, FLARM
®
targets can only be
detected in smaller distances than the other target types.
2. Mode S targets
Aircraft with a Mode S transponder without ADS-B "out" function (not
"extended squitter" capable): The Mode S Transponder sends out the
ICAO 24bit address that allows identifying the transmitter. A rough
estimate of distance and approach rate of each transponder is
determined by measuring the field strength of these transmissions.
3. Mode AC targets
Aircraft with non-Mode-S-capable (older) transponder: The transponder-
transmissions contain either the altitude (Mode C) or the Squawk
(Mode A). It is technically not possible to always distinguish between
these two transmissions – for safety reasons, in these cases the
information is always interpreted as altitude, what may lead to
unnecessary warnings. As additionally the AC transmissions do not
contain the 24bit address of the Mode S signal, it is not impossible, that
one and the same aircraft, due to transmitting both Mode S and

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Mode AC, is detected multiple times. A rough estimate of distance and
approach rate of each transponder is determined by measuring the field
strength of these transmissions.
4. ADS-B targets
For aircraft with a Mode S transponder that is ADS-B "out" capable: The
position information transmitted by these aircraft can be used directly for
the traffic display and for determination of dangerous proximities.
Some aircraft will not be detected at all, as they have neither
a transponder nor a FLARM
®
device activated.
Other aircraft will be detected multiple times
, due to the
manifold signal evaluations – the theoretical maximum is
a
four-time detection (ADS-B, Mode S, Mode AC, FLARM
®
).
This device is not a certified anti-collisio
n warning
system and may only be used as supportive means for
airspace observation.
The pilot is still obliged to observe
the surrounding
airspace and to comply with all applicable rules and
regulations for safe flight operations..

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2 OPERATION
2.1 Operation Controls
ON/OFF Power Switch
PLUS 1. TFC view – increase of the view radius
2. SETTINGS – modification of values
MINUS 1. TFC view – decrease of the view radius
2. SETTINGS – navigation through the menu
(down)
MODE Change between the views TFC, SETTINGS,
and INFO
ON/OFF
Decrease of the
view radius
Increase of the
view radius
Change
between views

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2.2 Switching On/Off
The device is turned on with the ON/OFF switch. After switching it on,
the following indication is shown:
(Example)
Company logo
Software-Version
This announcement can be skipped over by pressing any key.
2.3 Traffic Display
After the initial start screen, the display changes to traffic view (TFC).
Other available views are the configuration pages (SETTINGS) and the
information page (INFO). Changing between these four views is done
with the key.
2.3.1 Layout of the Traffic View
Range circles
GPS reception
Flight level
Viewing radius
(Zoom level)
Traffic items
(ADS-B+FLARM)
Reception of
traffic data
GPS Track
Visual Alarm
(Mode S, Mode AC, FLARM)

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Around the own aircraft symbol there are two range circles that are
always arranged in a way that the external one corresponds to the
selected viewing radius. The inner range circle corresponds to half of the
selected viewing radius.
In the lower line, the current flight level, GPS track and the quality of
GPS reception are indicated.
Other details of various representations and symbols are described in
the following section.
2.3.2 Symbols and Representations of the Traffic View
Indication Explanation Remarks
Rotating Bar
Reception of traffic data
(FLARM
®
, Mode S or ADS-
B)
Shown in the upper right
corner of the display
GPS reception:
GPS: no GPS reception
2D: only horizontal position
3D: horizontal position and
altitude
Shown in the lower right
corner of the display
GPS track Current track as determined
by the internal GPS module
Flight level
"NoFL" indicates that only
GPS altitude is available
Based on barometric
altitude (as transmitted by
the own aircraft transponder
in the ADS-B report)
Viewing radius (zoom level) Adjustable with
and .
Possible values are 1 NM,
2 NM, 4 NM, and 8 NM.
Symbol of own airplane

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Indication Explanation Remarks
External FLARM
®
device
detected The FLARM
®
targets will be
displayed in the “map” view
Number of FLARM
®
signals
detected
At least one FLARM
®
transmitter is nearby (if no
external FLARM
®
device
has been connected)
Number of Mode S and of
Mode AC alarms
without altitude information
The measured field strength
exceeds threshold values
Number of Mode S and of
Mode AC alarms
below the own altitude
The small triangle indicates
possible multiple detection
These targets are 300 ft to
1200 ft below
Number of Mode S and of
Mode AC alarms
in the same altitude
The small triangle indicates
possible multiple detection
The relative altitude
distance of these targets is
less than 300 ft
Number of Mode S and of
Mode AC alarms
above the own aircraft
The small triangle indicates
possible multiple detection
These targets are
300 ft to 1200 ft above
Traffic symbol without threat
potential
Traffic symbol with direction
indication without threat
potential
Traffic symbol with
approach
alarm For definition see 4.3

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Indication Explanation Remarks
Direction indicator with
approach alarm
For definition see Fehler!
Verweisquelle konnte
nicht gefunden werden.
Traffic symbol with potential
collision threat For definition see 4.3
Direction indicator with
potential collision threat
For definition see Fehler!
Verweisquelle konnte
nicht gefunden werden.
Traffic symbol with collision
threat - action required For definition see 4.3
Direction indicator with
collision threat -
action required
For definition see Fehler!
Verweisquelle konnte
nicht gefunden werden.
Symbol for ADS-B and
FLARM
®
targets (if external
FLARM
®
is connected):
Traffic objects whose
position is shown in relation
to own position
In addition, the relative
altitude (flight level
difference) and a trend
arrow for climbing and
descending are indicated.
If own barometric altitude
cannot be determined
(because own Mode S
Transponder does not
support ADS-
B) the absolute
flight level is indicated
instead of the relative flight
level.
Depending on whether the
traffic object is above or
below own aircraft, the
relative altitude will be
shown above or below the
symbol.
If the target's climb or
descent rate exceeds
500 ft/min an accordingly
directed trend arrow is
shown next to the symbol.

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2.4 Configuration Page
The configuration view may be selected by the use of the Button.
The desired menu item can then be selected by one or multiple presses
of the minus key . Selection goes repeatedly from top to bottom. The
blue background indicates the active menu item that can be adjusted
with the key. More details on each menu item can be found in the
following segments.
2.4.1 Audio
In addition to the visual warnings audio alerts can also be raised. The
following settings for when and how audio alerts will be raised are
offered:
once...........For each traffic object, an audio alert is raised only once
when it is recognized as a threat
repeat.........The audio alert continues as long as the target poses a
threat or the user confirms (and thus silences) the alarm with
the or key. Any alert needs to be confirmed
separately. Depending on the threat level the audio alerts
will be repeated every 4 seconds for the approach alarm,
every 2 seconds for a potential collision threat and once per
second for an active collision threat.
disabled .....No audio alert is raised.

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Changes made by the user in this setting area are only
temporary. This means that afte
r system reboot the standard
setting “once” will be used again.
Conditions for raising an audio alert differ depending on the type of traffic
(FLARM
®
, Mode S, ADS-B). The following table shows the different
conditions:
Once
Repeat
FLARM
®
Warning tone sounds once as soon
as a FLARM ® signal is received.
As long as the alarm stays active
no further warning tone will sound.
The warning tone sounds
repeatedly as long as the alarm is
active or until it is confirmed by the
user
Mode S
A warning tone sounds as soon as
the field strength of a Mode S
exceeds the selected threshold.
Because a Mode S target can be
identified by its 24 bit ICAO-
address, the warning is only raised
again when the target poses a
threat again.
As long as the measured field
strength of a target exceeds the
thresholds, the warning tone
sounds repeatedly. The warning
tone can be confirmed (silenced) by
the user.
Mode C
As for Mode S As for Mode S
ADS
-
B
Each time an ADS-B object enters
one of three protection zones,
(horizontally 6 NM, 3 NM, 1.5 NM;
vertically 1200 ft, 600 ft, 300 ft) a
single audio alert is raised.
While an ADS-B object is within the
protection zones, the warning tone
sounds repeatedly until the target
leaves the zone or the alert is
confirmed by the user.
Acoustic warning hints are made of different sound schemes in order to
specify the kind of threat in more detail:
FLARM
®
short-short-short
Mode S
long-long
Mode C
long-long
ADS-B long
Besides these acoustic warning signals, visual warnings can be
configured as well (see following sections).

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2.4.2 FLARM
®
In case that at least one FLARM
®
equipped aircraft is too close to the
own aircraft, the symbol “f” together with the number of targets will be
displayed at the upper right display corner. This warning is based on the
detection of the respective signals as transmitted by such aircraft. An
alert stays active for at least 10 seconds, even if the target is detected
only for a short period of time.
off...............switches off the warnings for FLARM
®
signals
on...............switches on the warnings for FLARM
®
signals
extern.........external FLARM
®
device detected
In case an external FLARM
®
is connected to the TM250, the
FLARM
®
Alarm will be switched off automatically
since
otherwise a continuous alarm will happen. The depiction of
the FLARM
®
-objects is not affected by this.
2.4.3 Mode S
The sensitivity for Mode S signals can be configured here.
off...............disables warnings for Mode S signals
high............high sensitivity: With this setting, relatively weak Mode S
signals can be detected.
low .............low sensitivity: Only relatively strong Mode S signals are
taken into consideration
medium......medium sensitivity: It is recommended to start with this
setting and to adjust the sensitivity only when required.
2.4.4 Mode C
The sensitivity for Mode AC signals can be configured here.
The values are the same as for Mode S, see chapter 2.4.3.

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2.4.5 Display
To reduce the display brightness it is possible to select a "Night" display
mode. With this, black and white will be inverted, i.e. a formerly white
background with black symbols now appears with white symbols on a
black background. The remaining colour coding stays the same, only the
background changes.
day.............Default setting
night...........Inverted representation of the display, used to reduce the
brightness of the screen.
Day Night
Day Night
2.4.6 Filter
With this parameter, an altitude filter can be defined for ADS-B objects.
This allows reducing the number of targets on the display in case of high
traffic density so that only the most important information is shown.
off...............No filtering
1000 ft........Indications and alerts are created only for ADS-B aircraft
that are within 1000 ft below or above own barometric

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altitude (which is provided by the own aircraft's ADS-B
capable Mode S transponder)
2000 ft........Indication and warning consider only aircraft that are within
2000 ft below or above own barometric altitude.
4000 ft........Indications and alerts are created only for ADS-B aircraft
4000 ft below or above own barometric altitude.
These settings define only a vertical filter. The hori
zontal
range is set directly as the view range with the and
keys on the traffic view page.
If no barometric altitude is available, e.g. because the own Mode S
transponder is not ADS-B capable, the altitude determined by the GPS
receiver is used for comparison. In the traffic view this is indicated by the
missing flight level information ("No FL" in the left lower corner). In this
case, relative altitude cannot be computed correctly (comparison of GPS
with Barometric altitude). Therefore, only the absolute flight level of the
traffic objects, marked by a preceding "FL", is indicated in this case.
2.4.7 Traffic Transmit - Tfc Tx
With the setting Tfc Tx, the output format can be set for additional
connected display devices (moving map displays). See Section 2.7.
Here are two supported formats:
default Use the setting "default" for devices which support the text-
based protocol (pseudo FLARM
®
). at 19200 baud These
include the SkyView
®
devices of DYNON and FlyMap
®
displays of Stauff Systec.
others With "others" ADS-B traffic data can be sent to any device
using a binary protocol at 9600 baud. In contrast to the
"default" mode only ADS-B traffic is transmitted, but no
Flarm
®
or Mode A/C and S.

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2.4.8 Demo
The TM250 includes a demonstration mode with which the effect of the
different settings can be checked. This mode serves also to illustrate the
various functions of the device.
off...............Default setting, this is automatically set after every new
system start
on...............Demonstration mode switched on; in the traffic view
exemplary traffic targets are indicated
The active demonstration mode is marked in the traffic view by a
corresponding symbol: