Galvanic Applied Sciences Monitek AT3 Manual
MODEL AT3
MONITEK
TECHNICAL NOTE MODEL: AT3
Operational Note:
Section 3: Calibration Procedure
CAUTION: It has come to our attention that in some experiments with
calibration plots containing high sample concentration values and
plotted in 3rd and 4th order poly, a memory overflow condition may
occur with the calculated coefficient data, causing a “CPU” reset in
some menu operations.
Should this problem occur, it is important to write down all setup values
and contact Galvanic’s Monitek customer service
MODEL AT3
LONG TERM STORAGE
If for any reason this instrument will not be installed within thirty (30) days after receiving it, it is
suggested that it remain in its sealed shipping container and stored in a clean, dry and protected
area until time of installation.
If the instrument has already been unpacked for inspection or testing, or if it has been removed from a
process, and it is not to be installed or reinstalled for a period exceeding thirty (30) days, the
following procedure should be observed:
1. If the instrument has been in service, the wetted portion of the Sensor should be thoroughly
flushed with clean water and then thoroughly dried.
2. Each instrument should be placed in a separate, sealed heavy plastic bag with a desiccant added
to assure clean and dry storage.
3. The instrument should then be stored in a protected area until time of installation.
If these precautions are observed, problems at the time of installation and start-up will be eliminated.
MODEL AT3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION I – INTRODUCTION
1-1
OVERVIEW…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
1-1
THE FRONT PANEL………………………………………………………………………………………..
1-3
INSTRUMENT OUTPUTS…………………………………………………………………………...…….
1-3
USER CARE…………………………………………………………………………………………………
1-3
SECTION II – INSTALLATION
2-1
SYSTEM INSPECTION…………………………………………………………………………………….
2-1
POWER REQUIREMENTS………………………………………………………………………………..
2-1
CIRCUIT BREAKER………………………………………………………………………………………..
2-1
SENSOR INSTALLATION…………………………………………………………………………………
2-1
SENSOR LOCATION…………………………………………………………………………………...….
2-1
SYSTEM INSTALLATION SITE…………………………………………………………………………...
2-2
CONNECTING THE CABLES………………………………………………………………………….....
2-4
AT3 INSTALLATION CHECK-OUT REPORT……………………………………………………...……
2-5
SECTION III – OPERATION
3-1
INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………………………
3-1
BRIEF MENU DESCRIPTION………………………………………………………………………….….
3-1
MENU OPERATION…………………………………………………………………………………...…...
3-3
QUICK START UP………………………………………………………………………………………….
3-5
AT3/AS3 SAMPLE CALIBRATION PROCEDURE………………………………………………...……
3-13
SECTION IV – MAINTENANCE
4-1
GENERAL SYSTEM CLEANING…………………………………………………………………………
4-1
TROUBLESHOOTING……………………………………………………………………………………..
4-1
REPAIR AND SERVICE……………………………………………………………………………………
4-1
SHIPPING INSTRUCTIONS……………………………………………………………………………….
4-1
SECTION V – APPENDIX
5-1
GLOSSARY OF TERMS………………………………………………………………………………......
5-1
APPLICATION AFTER DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION (DAF) EQUIPMENT………………………..
5-2
SPARE PARTS LIST — PARTICLE CONTAMINATION MONITOR, MODEL AT3…………………
5-3
ENGINEERING DRAWINGS………………………………………………………………………………
5-3
ELECTRICAL WIRING DIAGRAM………………………………………………………………….……..
5-4
SECTION VI – SPECIFICATIONS & WARRANTY
AT3 ACOUSTIC TRANSMITTER………………………………………………………………….………
6-1
AS3 INSERTABLE PROBE………………………………………………………………………………..
6-2
WARRANTY……………………………………………………………………………………….…………
6-3
MODEL AT3 1 – 1
SECTION I – INTRODUCTION
OVERVIEW
The AT3 monitor is a microprocessor based, real-time, in-line instrument used to monitor liquid-borne
particle concentration and oil contaminants in various process liquids. Use of the microprocessor
and graphics display provides a user friendly interface for setup and calibration. Because it is
acoustically based, Monitek’s patented transducer measures independent of the liquid’s color,
opacity, density, flowrate or photosensitivity. The sensor is relatively immune to the effects of
coatings that would blind an optical sensor. Sensors mount directly into process piping, thus
eliminating the handling error and dead time associated with grab sampling. The unit’s dot matrix
LCD display can present any user defined engineering unit (i.e., PPM, PCT, #/mI, etc.) along with
the ability to plot calibration curves. The raw data is displayed as “counts”.
Upset Monitor: The most common use of the AT3 is to monitor equipment upsets (i.e., oil separators,
filters, Dissolved Air Floatation devices, catalyst carryover). Here, the AT3 can be set up to read
in “counts” only. A reading in “counts” can be noted when a good or acceptable condition exists.
Then an “upset” can be simulated and an alarm point established. This eliminates the need for
taking samples to establish a calibration curve when all that is needed is for the AT3 to notify an
upset condition.
Concentration Monitor: The AT3 can also monitor suspended solids concentrations through the
microprocessor establishing a correlation between “counts” and the known concentration (PPM,
mg/L, %, etc.) can be determined, and the display will read out in engineering units.
However, to establish an accurate correlation a few conditions must be noted:
1. The particle size distribution must remain relatively constant at the point of sampling.
2. The temperature should be fairly constant. Temperature surges will affect the speed of
sound through the liquid medium.
Theory: The AT3 transmits acoustic pulses across the path of a liquid; these pulses are created by
electrically exciting the transducer’s piezoelectric crystal. Acoustic energy is reflected off any
particles or bubbles encountered in the monitored liquid. Acoustic reflections received at the
transducer are converted back into an electrical signal, which is amplified by a preamplifier and
set to the receiver. Its amplitude is then compared to a reference voltage level known as the
detection threshold. The signal is also time-gated to process only reflections from particles in the
focal region. Signals that occur in the focal region and are greater than the detection threshold
are analyzed by the software algorithm that accumulates counts. The total counts are processed
by a mathematical curve fitting algorithm and a correspondent concentration value is displayed on
the front panel of the system.
In addition to the return signals from contaminants in the monitored liquid, there are also reflections from
the chamber wall opposite the transducer (far wall pulses) and from sound resonated in the
transducer (main bang). Figure 1-1 illustrates these signals as well as how the receiver window is
used to ensure that only reflections occurring in the focal region are processed.
MODEL AT3 1 – 2
Figure 1-1: Typical Return Reflections from Oscilloscope Trace.
The far wall pulses and the main bang, although not counted, provide an indication of the operating
characteristics of the transducer. Changes in these signals may indicate a transducer problem. At
128 times a second the AT3 sends out a burst of energy into the process liquid, turns around and
listens for echoes that return to the transducer, and then analyzes the data to determine a
measurement.
MODEL AT3 1 – 3
THE FRONT PANEL
The AT3 uses a 240 x 64 dot liquid crystal graphics display in conjunction with a 24 key keypad as a user
interface. See Figure 1-2. Three keys on the left and three on the right of the display are “soft”,
having different functions depending on what appears adjacent to them on the display.
Figure 1-2: AT3 Front Panel Controls
INSTRUMENT OUTPUTS
The analog output option may be one of the following: 4-20 mA or 0-20 mA or 0-1 mA, or the inverse of
these (i.e., 20-4 mA or 20-0 mA or 1-0 mA).
USER CARE
The following precautions will help ensure trouble-free operation and protect the instrument from possible
damage.
1. Always turn power off before connecting or disconnecting the sensor or any of the circuit cards or
the ribbon cable inside the instrument.
2. The door on the instrument enclosure must be kept tightly secured to reduce possible corrosion.
3. It is very important to make sure the printed circuit boards are plugged into the correct sockets on
the motherboard.
MODEL AT3 2 – 1
SECTION II – INSTALLATION
SYSTEM INSPECTION
Check to ensure that all components of the AT3 monitor have arrived safely. Included should be: the AT3
system electronics, sensor, and cable set. If there is any damage to the equipment or if anything
is missing, please contact the Monitek sales representative immediately. Fill in the first nine (9)
lines of the AT3 Installation Check-out Report on the last page of this section of the manual. Save
the packing material for future system storage or shipping.
POWER REQUIREMENTS
Ensure that the proper power is available at the installation site. The AT3 requires AC power voltage
range of 85-265 VAC single phase, 50/60 Hz. All power connections must be made to a properly
grounded power source to protect both the operator and the system. Be sure that the system
power is OFF before attempting to make any power Connections.
The power supply connection is made on the terminal strip at the lower right hand corner of the system
enclosure box. The terminal strip is labeled “L, G, and N” (Line, Ground and Neutral). Connect the
appropriate AC connections to L, G and N. The terminal strip is made to accept either fork or ring
terminals for easy connection. All connections should be routed through the sealing fitting on the
bottom of the system enclosure in order to maintain water tightness.
CIRCUIT BREAKER
The AT3 utilizes a 2amp slow blow thermal circuit breaker for added protection and convenience. If the
circuit breaker trips, reset it by pressing the reset button.
SENSOR INSTALLATION
Caution: Handle the sensor assembly with care. Rough handling could cause damage.
SENSOR LOCATION
Location of the sensor is very important! See Figure 2-1. It should be placed well downstream (ideally
greater than 10 pipe diameters) of any major flow disturbances, such as diaphragm or gate
valves, elbows, flowmeters, or pumps. Ultrasound demands a full pipe for best results; back
pressure valves downstream of the sensor can be used to throttle the flow if necessary. When
used in a sampling stream, isolation valves should be installed. The downstream valve should be
capable of providing back pressure to minimize bubble formation.
In order to prevent gas bubbles from becoming trapped on the transducer’s concave lens surface, it
should never be placed on top of the pipe pointing down into the fluid. There is no special
orientation for vertical pipe legs.
Mounting on vertical pipe legs is recommended for applications involving large amounts of suspended
solids. Flow in vertical pipe sections should be upward to prevent pressure drop and cavitation
caused by gravitational acceleration of the process liquid.
MODEL AT3 2 – 2
To mount the insertion adapter, you must first weld the Monitek supplied 1” NPT weldment to the side of
your pipe. When this is done, the insertion adapter can be screwed into the weldment and, after
checking to make sure that the ball valve is closed, flow through the line can be resumed. There
is no need to shut the line down to insert the probe. Simply follow these steps:
1. With valve closed, check to see that the Swage-Lok fitting is loose and the 0-ring seals are not
compressed.
2. Insert probe into insertion adapter far enough to allow the longer safety cable to be fastened.
DO NOT TWIST PROBE. Slide probe out of insertion adapter far enough to take the slack out of
the safety cable.
3. Open ball valve.
4. Fully insert probe into insertion adapter. DO NOT TWIST.
6. Slide probe back until safety cable is taut.
7. Tighten Swage-Lok fitting.
CAUTION: Galvanic Applied Sciences USA Inc. recommends that our AS3 probe should not
exceed operating temperature of 80ºC without air cooling or 110ºC with air cooling.
With the insertable probe configuration, the preamplifier and explosion proof enclosure are an integral
part of the probe. Once the probe has been inserted, simply connect the two cables to the
preamplifier and your unit is ready. It should be noted that when the probe is fully inserted the
lens is extended into the flow stream. This will allow you to rotate the probe to align your conduit
connections without damaging the lens. Remember, do not rotate the probe while in the process
of inserting or removing the sensor.
NOTE: If it is acceptable in your application, Monitek recommends the use of flexible conduit for the final
conduit section before the preamp. This will make it much easier to connect and disconnect the
conduit in the future when you need to remove or reinsert the probe.
SYSTEM INSTALLATION SITE
An appropriate installation site must be chosen for the AT3. The system should be mounted on a
permanent, rigid surface (vertical or horizontal) using the mounting tabs or holes that extend from
the system enclosure. See Figure 2-2 and Table 1. The AT3 should be mounted to avoid direct
sunlight, preferably indoors. The AT3 will operate properly between 14 °F to 122 °F (0 °C to
50°C); the workspace environment should be free of harmful chemical vapors to prevent damage
to the system.
MODEL AT3 2 – 3
10-15
)PAIR OF RG/8
CABLES PER
SENSOR ASSY
1 BNC
-BNC
FLOW
DIAMETERS
Figure 2-1: Typical Sensor Assembly Placement and Installation.
1 N-N
PIPE
DIAMETERS
FLOW
MODEL AT3 2 – 4
←---------------------------------------- X --------------------------------→
↑
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y
|
|
|
|
|
|
↓
Figure 2-2: SYSTEM ENCLOSURE MOUNTING PATTERN
Table 3-1: Window Width Guideline.
ENCLOSURE TYPE
X (INCHES)
Y (INCHES)
NEMA4X, PLASTIC 12.00 18.90
NEMA 4X, STAINLESS STEEL
8.00 ACROSS END HOLES OF TOP AND
BOTTOM BRACKET.
2.50 ACROSS TWO MIDDLE HOLES OF
SAME BRACKETS
16.75
NEMA7, EXPLOSION PROOF 19.75 11.00
CONNECTING THE CABLES
After the system is mounted, only three cables need to be connected to complete the installation
process. Connect the transmitter and receiver cables to the preamplifier and the appropriate
connectors on the AT3. Then plug the power supply cable to an AC outlet to power up the AT3
monitor. Connectors supplied with the system enclosure will seal the conduit to the box.
The system is now ready to be checked out and adjusted. Refer to Section III - Operation.
MODEL AT3 2 – 5
AT3 INSTALLATION CHECK-OUT REPORT
1) Customer and location:
2) Installation date:
3) AT3 serial number and operating frequency:
4) Preamplifier serial number:
5) Transducer serial number:
6) Transducer lens material:
7) Chamber description (size and material):
8) Cable length (feet):
9) Liquid description:
10) Noise without pulse (mVolts RMS):
11) Main Bang duration (µsec):
12) Number of Far Walls:
13) Amplitude and delay of first Far Wall reflection (Volts peak-to-peak):
14) Window width (µsec):
15) Window delay (µsec):
16) Detection threshold:
17) Power level setting:
COMMENTS:
DC preamplifier power checked.
4-20 mA span adjusted.
4-20 mA zero adjusted.
MODEL AT3 3 – 1
SECTION III – OPERATION
INTRODUCTION
Once the system has been installed, the hardware must be set up for your particular application, and
checked to ensure that it is operating properly. The system operates by sending out a 5 or 15
MHz RF pulse (depending of sensor type) to the transducer, where it is converted to an acoustic
pulse. This pulse travels through the monitored liquid. Reflections from contaminants and the
chamber wall radiate back to the transducer. These reflections are converted to electrical pulses,
amplified by the preamplifier, and transmitted to the receiver. The signals are then time-gated by
the receiver window and compared to a detection threshold. Signals that occur in the focal region
and are greater than the detection threshold are detected by a software algorithm; the results are
processed by a mathematical curvefitting algorithm which converts the raw counts into a
corresponding concentration which is displayed on the LCD display on the front of the system.
BRIEF MENU DESCRIPTION
Pressing "MAIN MENU" displays all of the menu choices available to the user, as shown in Figure 3-1.
Setup Analog Output
MAIN MENU
Waveform Calibration
Setpoints Measurement Setup
Figure 3-1: Main Menu
"SETUP" Used to set some initial system parameters to match the user's application. These
include the measurement units, damping, the display resolution, and whether the
instrument displays raw data (counts) or a curvefit reading (user-defined measurement
units), or system summary, which consists of raw data, reading, analog output, relay
outputs, and sensor frequency.
"WAVEFORM" Graphically displays the output of the sensor and whatever is reflected back, similar to
an oscilloscope. The user has a choice of three views, depending on whether the
farwall or the measurement window is the main Interest. To get the big picture select
"0-154 µS", while "0-38 µS" gives more detail around the measurement window; "0-77
µS" is a compromise between the two.
MODEL AT3 3 – 2
"CALIBRATION" Used to correlate raw data coming from the sensor to a corresponding concentration.
Up to 16 different samples can be read by the instrument. From this information the
instrument can construct a lookup table or perform a polynomial fit of degrees 1 to 4.
The user can graphically plot the resulting curvefit to visually check how it corresponds
to the samples. Samples can be edited or deactivated and curvefitting can be tried
again quickly to improve the calibration. This menu is password protected.
"MEASUREMENT Used to set up the parameters which affect the measurement. This includes the
SETUP” output power, detection threshold, window position and waveform adjust. This menu is
pass word protected.
"ANALOG Adjusts parameters involving the instrument's control current output. These include the
OUTPUT” "ZERO", "SPAN", and "RANGE"
"SETPOINTS" Consists of all the parameters that can be set up to activate the four relays at certain
conditions. Each setpoint value can have a Hysteresis, a time delay (the condition must
be met for at least this time before the relay trips), and a mode ("HIGH" means make-
on-rise, "LOW break-on-rise).
MODEL AT3 3 – 3
MENU OPERATION
All menu choices can be modified or activated merely by pressing the button corresponding to the menu
item. If a screen contains more than six menu items the choice "<More>" will appear as the lower
right menu choice, and pressing this will take the user to the next page of choices. See Figure
3-
<2.
Some menu items act as gateways, and pressing them takes the user to another screen. Other
menu items can cause a certain action to be performed when they are pressed. Most items,
however, allow the user to change the parameters and operation of the instrument
Setpt1: XXX.XXX PPM Setpt Mode: High
SETPOINTS
Setpt1 Hysteresis: XXX.XXX PPM
Setpt1 Delay: XX Sec <More>
Figure 3-2: <More> Example
Numerical items, when pressed, display a flashing cursor to prompt for an input and expect the user to
enter a number. The numerical keys, decimal point, and +/- key may all come into play depending
on the type of number the instrument expects. See Figure 3-3. If a mistake is made, the left arrow
can be used as a backspace. If the number entered is outside the expected range, the Instrument
will flash in the center of the bottom line "NUMBER TOO HIGH" or "NUMBER TOO LOW' and the
entered number will be rejected. In general, the bottom line is dedicated to messages to the user.
See Figure 3-4. If an item is expressed in scientific notation, the UP arrow can be used to enter
the exponent
Figure 3-3: AT3 Front Panel Numerical Control Pad
Low X value: X.XXX CNTS
PARTIAL PLOT
High X Value: X.XXX CNTS
NUMBER TOO HIGH PLOT
Figure 3-4: Example of Message Location
MODEL AT3 3 – 4
Option list items,
when pressed, allow the user to choose from a list of possible options. The user
selects the desired option by pressing its corresponding button. The currently selected option is
shown In inverse characters
At any time "MAIN MENU" can be pressed to go back to the
main
menu screen. If "MAIN MENU" is
pressed when already in the main menu screen, the instrument will return to the top screen
(showing the instrument reading and the bar graph). "PREVIOUS" can be pressed to go back
one screen previous to the current screen. On very few screens the previous key takes on its
other identity as an UP arrow and will not return to the previous screen. On these screens
pressing any key other than an arrow key will return the user to the previous screen.
MODEL AT3 3 – 5
QUICK START UP
1. The "SETUP" menu. The parameters that can be chosen are: units (use the arrows), the
resolution of the main display in digits to the right of the decimal point, and the instrument
damping. See Figure 3-5. The "Display" menu allows the user to set the top screen to display
"Raw Data" (which is given In COUNTS) or "Reading" that is the "Raw Data" mathematically
transformed into the user-defined units and system summary. Press "PREVIOUS" or "MAIN
MENU" to return to the main menu
Units: PPM Display: System Summary
SETUP
Resolution: 3 Digit Damping: 1 Sec
Sensor: 5 MHz
Figure 3-5: Setup Menu
1.a. Press “Display in the setup menu to select the “Raw Data” System Summary or Reading. See
Figure 3-6.
Raw Data Reading
DISPLAY
System Summary
Figure 3-6: Display Menu
1.b. First the sensor frequency must be set to match the sensor being used (“5 MHz or 15 MHz).
See Figure 3-7.
5 MHz 15 MHz
SENSOR:
Figure 3-7: Sensor Menu
MODEL AT3 3 – 6
2. The "Measurement Setup" menu. These are parameters that intimately affect the measurement and
must be set before samples are taken. See Figure 3-8. If any of these are changed after samples
have been taken, the measurement environment is different enough that the previous samples are
no longer valid. Most of the default values work just fine for most cases, but adjustments may have to
be made for particular applications. The default password is 0000.
Window Width: 5 µS Threshold: XX
MEASUREMENT SETUP
Output Power: High Window Posn: XX µS
Waveform Adjust Change Password
Figure 3-8: Measurement Setup Menu
NOTE: For applications with high concentrations, (i.e., over 2000 PPM) the "Output Power" may have to
be reduced to avoid having large echoes saturate the instrument.
2.a. The "Window Width" menu. These parameters control the Window width as seen on the
graphics display. See Figure 3-9 and Table 3-1.
5 µS 10 µS
Window Width
15 µS
Figure 3-9: Window Width
Table 3-1: Window Width Guideline.
Window
Width, µSec
Counts
5
0–5000
10
0–10000
15
0–15000
2.b. The "Window Posn" and "Threshold" parameters affect where the measurement
window is in relation to the main burst and how large an echo must be to affect
the reading. These parameters can be adjusted either by entering numerical
values or graphically In the "Waveform Adjust" menu. If the "Waveform Adjust"
menu is used the arrow keys can be used to adjust the "Window Posn" and
"Threshold" parameters and then the user must press the "ENTER" key to save
the values.
MODEL AT3 3 – 7
2.c. The "Threshold" value needs to be set above the noise yet not so high that
echoes are not seen at all.
NOTE: For concentration measurement, a good rule of thumb is to set the
"Threshold" so that the typical process concentration gives a reading of
2000 counts (the total range is 0 to 5000). This allows room for reading
much higher concentrations during an upset condition.
NOTE: For ultra pure applications, the strategy is to set the "Threshold" just
above the noise level so that everything is seen. Of course this means
the instrument will saturate at a relatively low concentration
2.d. The “Window Posn”·is used to set the window in the focal point of the transducer, where the
echoes should be at their highest levels. The default value usually works well, but occasionally it
can be seen that the window does not quite match the position of the highest echoes, in which
case it is appropriate to adjust the '"Window Posn”.
2.e. Finally, the “Password" menu allows the user to set a personal 4 digit password to protect the
“Calibration” and "Measurement Setup" menus from unauthorized personnel. See Figure 3-10.
The default password is 0000.
Enter new password on following
Enter Password:
Enter new password to confirm
Enter Password:
Figure 3-10: Change Password Menu
3. The "CALIBRATION" menu. Calibration is simply a matter of correlating the raw count level to
reflect the concentration amount in the process. See Figure 3-11. The instrument allows the user
to enter up to 16 different samples and their respective concentrations. These samples are stored
in the "SAMPLE TABLE".
Sample Table Fit Sample Data
CALIBRATION
Cal Type: Best Fit Line Full Plot
Partial Coefficients
Figure 3-11: Calibration Menu.
MODEL AT3 3 – 8
3.a. Press "SAMPLE TABLE" and you will see a summary of the 16 samples. See Figure 3-12. If a
sample has not been entered yet, it will read "INACTIVE". Otherwise it will display the raw data
and corresponding concentration for the sample. The instrument prompts the user for a sample
number (1 to 16), which is entered by the keypad.
ENTER SAMPLE NUMBER->
(1) 500CNTS =
10.000 PPM (9) 6000 CNTS
= 5000.000 PPM
(2) 1000CNTS =
250.000 PPM (10) INACTIVE
(3) 1500CNTS =
600.000 PPM (11) INACTIVE
(4) 3000CNTS =
900.000 PPM (12) INACTIVE
(5) 4000CNTS =
1500.000 PPM (13) INACTIVE
(6) 4500CNTS =
2500.000 PPM (14) INACTIVE
(7) 5000CNTS =
3500.000 PPM (15) INACTIVE
(8) 5500CNTS =
4500.000 PPM (16) INACTIVE
Figure 3-12: Sample Table Menu Example.
Once in the sample menu, the user can read a sample, enter a sample value by hand, activate an
inactive sample, or deactivate an active sample. Only "active" samples are used in the calibration
procedure. See Figure 3-13. By deactivating a sample the data is not lost but is simply ignored by
the calibration procedure. See Figure 3-14. By activating it again it can once again have an effect
on the calibration. When a sample is read, it reads the sensor for 1 minute and stores the result.
The user must enter the concentration of the sample, although this can be at a later time.
Read Sample Activate Sample
SAMPLE n
Sample Data: X.XXX CNTS (INACTIVE) ↑
Concentration: XXX.X PPM (INACTIVE) ↓
Figure 3-13: Inactive Sample Number "n" Menu.
Read Sample Deactivate Sample
SAMPLE n
Sample Data: X.XXX CNTS ↑
Concentration: XXX.X PPM ↓
Figure 3-14: Active Sample Number "n" Menu
Table of contents
