Garmin GPS 16 User manual

quick
start
guide
GPS 16
GPS receiver/antenna
GPS16 Cover.indd 1/7/02, 4:08 PM1

© 2001 GARMIN Ltd. or its subsidiaries
GARMIN International, Inc.
1200 East 151st Street, Olat e, Kansas 66062, U.S.A.
Tel. [phone] or 800/800.1020
Fax [phone]
GARMIN (Europe) Ltd.
Unit 5, T e Quadrangle, Abbey Park Industrial Estate, Romsey, SO51 9AQ, U.K.
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
GARMIN Corporation
No. 68, Jangs u 2nd Rd., S ijr, Taipei County, Taiwan
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
All rig ts reserved. Except as expressly provided erein, no part of t is manual
may be reproduced, copied, transmitted, disseminated, downloaded or stored in
any storage medium, for any purpose wit out prior written consent of GARMIN.
GARMIN ereby grants permission to download a single copy of t is manual onto
a ard drive or ot er electronic storage medium to be viewed for personal use,
provided t at suc electronic or printed copy of t is manual contains t e complete
text of t is copyrig t notice and provided furt er t at any unaut orized commercial
distribution of t is manual is strictly pro ibited.
Information in t is manual is subject to c ange wit out notice. GARMIN reserves
t e rig t to c ange or improve its products and to make c anges in t e content
wit out obligation to notify any person or organization of suc c anges. Visit
t e GARMIN web site (www.garmin.com) for current updates and supplemental
information concerning t e use and operation of t is and ot er GARMIN products.
GARMIN® and AutoLocate® are registered trademarks of GARMIN Ltd. or its subsid-
iaries and may not be used wit out t e express permission of GARMIN.
December 2001 Part Number 190-00228-11 Rev. B Printed in Taiwan
GPS16 Cover.indd 1/7/02, 4:08 PM2

1
Introduction
Limited Warranty
GARMIN warrants t is product to be free from
defects in materials and workmans ip for one year from
t e date of purc ase. GARMIN will, at its sole option,
repair or replace any components t at fail in normal use.
Suc repairs or replacement will be made at no c arge to
t e customer for parts or labor. T e customer is, owever,
responsible for any transportation costs. T is warranty
does not cover failures due to abuse, misuse, accident or
unaut orized alteration or repairs.
THE WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES CONTAINED
HEREIN ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL
OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED OR STAT-
UTORY, INCLUDING ANY LIABILITY ARISING UNDER
ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS
FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, STATUTORY OR OTH-
ERWISE. THIS WARRANTY GIVES YOU SPECIFIC
LEGAL RIGHTS, WHICH MAY VARY FROM STATE TO
STATE.
IN NO EVENT SHALL GARMIN BE LIABLE FOR
ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSE-
QUENTIAL DAMAGES, WHETHER RESULTING FROM
THE USE, MISUSE, OR INABILITY TO USE THIS
PRODUCT OR FROM DEFECTS IN THE PRODUCT.
SOME STATES DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION
OF INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES,
SO THE ABOVE
LIMITATIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.
To obtain warranty service, contact your GARMIN
dealer or call t e GARMIN Customer Service department
(913-397-8200) for a returned merc andise tracking
number. T e unit s ould be securely packaged wit
t e tracking number clearly marked on t e outside of
t e package and sent freig t prepaid and insured to a
GARMIN warranty service station. A copy of t e original
sales receipt is required as t e proof of purc ase for
warranty repairs. GARMIN retains t e exclusive rig t to
repair or replace t e unit or software or offer a full
refund of t e purc ase price at its sole discretion. SUCH
REMEDY SHALL BE YOUR SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE
REMEDY FOR ANY BREACH OF WARRANTY.
GPS16 QSG.indd 1/7/02, 4:07 PM1

2
Introduction
Cautions /
FCC Compliance
T e GPS system is operated by t e government of t e
United States w ic is solely responsible for t eir accuracy
and maintenance. T e Global Positioning System and t e
Differential Global Positioning System are under develop-
ment and are subject to c anges w ic could affect accu-
racy and performance of all GPS equipment. Alt oug
a GPS system is a precision electronic NAVigation AID
(NAVAID), any NAVAID can be misused or misinterpreted,
and t erefore become unsafe. Use t e GPS system at your
own risk. To reduce t is risk, carefully review and under-
stand all aspects of t is Quick Start Guide and carefully
compare indications from your output to all available
navigation sources including t e information from ot er
NAVAIDs, visual sig tings, c arts, etc. For safety, always
resolve any discrepancies before continuing navigation.
FCC Compliance
T e GPS 16 complies wit Part 15 of t e FCC interfer-
ence limits for Class B digital devices FOR HOME OR
OFFICE USE. T ese limits are designed to provide reason-
able protection against armful interference in a residential
installation, and are more stringent t an “outdoor” require-
ments.
Operation of t is device is subject to t e following
conditions: (1) T is device may not cause armful interfer-
ence, and (2) t is device must accept any interference
received, including interference t at may cause undesired
operation.
T is equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio
frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accor-
dance wit t e instructions, may cause armful interfer-
ence to radio communications. However, t ere is no guar-
antee t at interference will not occur in a particular instal-
lation.
If this equipment does cause
harmful interference to radio or
television reception, which can be
determined by turning the equip-
ment off and on, the user is
encouraged to try to correct the
interference by one or more of the
following measures:
· Reorient or relocate the receiving
antenna.
· Increase the separation between
the equipment and receiver.
· Connect the equipment into an
outlet on a circuit different from
that to which the receiver is con-
nected.
· Consult the dealer or an e pe-
rienced radio/TV technician for
help.
F
The GARMIN GPS 16 does
not contain any user-serviceable
parts. Repairs should only
be made by an authorized
GARMIN service center. Unau-
thorized repairs or modifi cations
could result in permanent
damage to the equipment, and
void your warranty and your
authority to operate this device
under Part 15 regulations.
I
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3
Introduction
Table of
Contents
Introduction
Limited Warranty................................................1
Cautions ............................................................2
Table of Contents ...............................................3
Overview
Capabilities & Package Contents........................4
Specifi cations..................................................5
Installation
Mounting t e GPS 16..............................6-7
Wiring t e GPS 16......................................8-10
Operation
Using t e GPS 16 ................................11-12
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4
Introduction
Capabilities
T e GPS 16 offers a ost of powerful capabilities for
en anced performance and accuracy:
• Performance— WAAS enabled, 12-c annel GPS
receiver tracks and uses up to 12 satellites for fast,
accurate positioning.
• Ease of Use— Once installed, unit will automati-
cally transmit navigation data.
• Convenience— May be remotely mounted in an
out-of-t e-way location. Receiver status information
can be displayed directly on a c artplotter or PC.
• GPS Accuracy
Position: < 15 meters, 95% (typical)*
Velocity: .1 knot RMS steady state
• DGPS USCG) Accuracy
Position: 3-5 meters, 95% (typical)
Velocity: .1 knot RMS steady state
• DGPS WAAS) Accuracy
Position: < 3 meters, 95% (typical)
Velocity: .1 knot RMS steady state
• Acquisition Times**
Reacquisition: Less t an 2 seconds
Warm: Approximately 15 seconds
Cold: Approximately 45 seconds
AutoLocate: Approximately 5 minutes
Skysearc : Approximately 5 minutes
* Subject to accuracy degradation to 100m 2DRMS under t e U.S.
Department of Defense imposed Selective Availability Program.
** Warm = all data known; Cold = position, time and almanac
known; AutoLocate = almanac known, position and time unknown;
Skysearc = no data known.
Capabilities &
Package Contents
Package Contents
Your GARMIN GPS 16
package includes:
• GPS 16 unit with 17 ft. (5 m)
Power/Data Cable
If any parts are missing
or damaged, please contact
your GARMIN dealer
immediately.
Technical Specifi cations for the
GPS 16 may be downloaded
from the GARMIN web site at
www.garmin.com/support
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5
Overview
Physical
Size: 3.39”D x 1.65”H
(86 mm x 42 mm)
Weig t: 11.7 oz. (332 g) with 5 meter cable
Operating Range: 22°F to +176°F ( 30°C to +80°C)
Waterproof: 1 meter submersion for 30 minutes
IPX7 rating for IEC529
Cable: 17 ft. (5 m) Foil shielded 8 conductor
28 AWG; RJ 45 Connector
Dynamics: 999 knots, 6g’s
Power
Voltage:
GPS 16 LVS: 3.3 to 6 Vdc regulated to <100 mV ripple
GPS 16 HVS: 6 to 40 Vdc unregulated
Current Drain:
GPS 16 LVS: 80 mA (typical)
GPS 16 HVS: 100 mA @ 6 Vdc; 65 mA @ 12 Vdc;
28 mA @ 40 Vdc
Sensitivity: 165 dBW minimum
Interfaces
Serial Interface: True RS 232 output (Port 2 input only),
asynchronous serial input comptible with
RS 232 or TTL voltage levels, RS 232
polarity
Baud Rates: 300 to 19200
Serial Format:
Port 1: Selectable between NMEA and GARMIN.
NMEA 0183 v2.00/3.00 (ASCII)
transmitted every two seconds, GPALM,
GPGGA, GPGLL, GPGSA, GPGSV, GPRMC,
GPVTG, PGRMB, PGRME, PGRMF,
PGRMM, PGRMT and PGRMV output.
Port 2: RTCM Input Only. RTCM SC 104 differen
tial input message types 1, 2, 3, 7 and 9
PPS Output: 1 Hz pulse, programmable width,
1 microsecond accuracy
GPS 16
Specifi cations
Complete information concerning
NMEA & RTCM formats and sen-
tences is available for purchase
at:
National Marine Electronics
Association (NMEA)
Seven Riggs Avenue
Severna Park, MD 21146
USA
410/975.9425
410/975.9450 FAX.
www.nmea.org
Radio Technical Commission For
Maritime Services (RTCM)
1800 Diagonal Road, Suite 600
Ale andria, VA 22314-2480,
USA
703/684.4481 (Info Only)
703/836.4229 FAX
www.rtcm.org
F
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6
Mounting the Receiver
Please read through these instructions thoroughly before
attempting installation. Make sure you completely understand
these instructions before you begin. When in doubt, seek pro-
fessional assistance.
T e following additional items are needed or optional
to complete t e installation of your GPS 16:
• Receiver mount— Since mounting
locations and met ods vary, you may need
to obtain a mount to install t e GPS 16.
T e receiver base uses eit er our Magnetic
Mount or may be fl us mounted.
• On/Off switch optional)— Power to t e
receiver may be controlled by an on/off switc ,
suc as an accessory switc on t e control
console. C eck wit an electric supply retailer for
t is item.
It is recommended t at t e system be temporarily
ooked up wit t e wiring and t e unit placed at t e
desired installation location. T en, c eck operation wit
potential interfering equipment turned on and off. (For
example, ot er electronic equipment, fan motors, engine
ignition, alternators, generators, radars and VHF radio
transmissions can be sources of interference.)
Position t e receiver so t at t e clearest possible view
of t e sky and orizon in all directions is obtained. Avoid
mounting t e receiver next to large areas of conductive
material (metal, aluminum, etc.) as t is may cause poor
signal reception. T e GPS 16 is supplied wit a 17 foot
(5 meter) power/data cable. W en routing t e wiring to
t e GPS 16, avoid routing t e cable near an alternator
or ignition system components or parallel to ot er power
lines.
Installation
Mounting t e
GPS 16
Note: As a general rule,
mount the receiver at least
three feet from all other
antennas and electrical
system components
(alternator/ignition system).
I
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7
Installation
If a problem is found, try altering t e location of t e
unit or wiring. Often moving t e receiver a few feet away
from t e source of interference will solve t e problem.
W en a suitable confi guration is found, a permanent instal-
lation s ould be made. Select t e mounting location accord-
ing to your preferences. Keep in mind t at from t is mount-
ing location cables will be routed to t e NMEA 0183
listening device. Since mounting needs will vary, ere are a
couple basic met ods:
Mounting t e GPS 16 wit magnetic mount:
1. Align the magnetic mount, with the protective coating
facing away from the unit base, with the 3 screw holes
on the bottom of the receiver.
2. Insert and tighten the 3 screws.
3. Place the receiver on a clean, metallic surface and
route cable accordingly.
Flus mounting t e GPS 16:
1. With the receiver upside down, using a piece of paper,
punch holes at the 3 screw locations to create a
template.
2. Use the template to mark and drill holes large enough
for the screw to pass through at the marked location.
3. Align the receiver over the 3 holes and fasten the
screws. The M4 thread inserts for the GPS 16 are
8.10mm deep. Do not use screws that will thread
into the receiver any deeper, as this may damage the
receiver.
T ree common sources of interference for GPS units
are:
Radar
ABOVE- OK
BELOW- OK
EMI
SS JAYHAWK
3'
VHF Radio Antenna
Radar
EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) from engine components
When routing the power/data
cable, try to avoid:
• Sharp edges which may cut the
cable.
• Routing the cable parallel to
other power lines.
• E cessively twisting, straining
or bending the cable.
Mounting t e
GPS 16
I
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8
Installation
Mounting t e
GPS 16
Wiring the GPS 6
T e fi nal step in installing t e GPS 16 is to
connect t e receiver’s Port 1 DATA IN, DATA OUT,
REMOTE ON/OFF and GROUND (Return) lines to your
NMEA 0183 device or PC. Port 2 is used for RTCM
input only. T e GPS 16 may be plugged directly into a
RJ-45 receptacle, w ic accepts NMEA 0183 data. It is
recommended t at a 1-amp, slow blow fuse be installed
on t e power (+) line of t e receiving RJ-45 receptacle or
equivalent device. Color coding of t e wires is t e same
on all GPS 16 models (see wiring diagrams on following
pages). If necessary, t e wire coloring on t e GPS 16 may
be seen t roug t e clear RJ-45 connector.
For reliable communication, it is essential t at t e
GPS 16 and t e receiving device s are t e same ground.
T is ground connection acts as t e (signal) return line.
It is recommended to wire t e unit to its own circuit to
avoid interference from ot er electronics.
Wire Coloring:
1. RED- Power (+)
2. BLACK- Ground (Power (-) and Data Signal Return)
3. YELLOW- Remote power On/Off (Pull low for ON)
4. BLUE- Port 1 NMEA 0183 or GRMN Data Input
5. WHITE- Port 1 NMEA 0183 or GRMN Data Output
6. GRAY- Pulse Per Second Output (See Tec Specifi cations)
7. GREEN- Port 2 RTCM SC-104 Differential Data Input
8. VIOLET- Port 2 Data Output (Reserved for Future Use)
GPS 16
RJ-45 Connecto
r
(Cable View)
1367485
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9
Installation
Wiring
t e GPS 16
I
If the GPS 16 is being connected
to a PC, a DB9 or DB25 serial
connector (normally female) will
be needed. Check with a PC or
electronics supplier for this item.
Some non-GARMIN devices may
have a separate data line labeled
“RETURN”, “DATA GROUND”
or “DATA -”. If one of these lines
e ist, connect the BLACK wire
from the power/data cable to it.
14
7
5
13 1
3
F
DB9 Female Serial Connector
DB25 Female Serial Connector
1 4
6789
3
5
Basic Wiring for t e GPS 16 to a NMEA 0183
Device or PC Connector:
1. You may reference the following diagrams for the
wiring: Connect the WHITE (Port 1 Data Out) wire
from the GPS 16’s power/data cable to the DATA
INPUT line of the NMEA 0183 device or to pin 2 on
a DB9 (pin 3 on DB25). You may typically output
data to no more than three NMEA devices.
2. Connect the BLUE (Port 1 Data In) wire to the DATA
OUTPUT line of the NMEA 0183 device or pin 3 on
the DB9 (pin 2 on DB25).
3. Connect the BLACK ( ) wire to the GROUND wire
of the NMEA device or pin 5 on the DB9 (pin 7
on DB25). If connecting to a PC, you must also run
a separate BLACK ( ) wire to a power ground. If
the BLACK wire is connected to the same ground
terminal as the NMEA 0183 device, no additional
connection is required, unless a separate data return
line is required by the NMEA device).
4. Connect the RED (+) wire from the power/data
cable to a DC power source.
5. If a remote power switch is being installed, refer
ence the following page for wiring a switch. This
will allow the GPS 16 to remain connected to a
power source, but manually powered on (pull down
to less than 0.5 volts) and off (open). Otherwise,
if the receiver is being wired to a circuit which is
already switched, (with the NMEA 0183 device for
example) connect the YELLOW wire to the same
place as the BLACK wire. When the BLACK and
YELLOW wires are combined, the GPS 16 will turn
on when power is applied to the RED (+) and
BLACK ( ) wires.
GPS 16
Power/Data Cable &
DB-9 Serial Connection
GPS 16
PIN 5: GROUND
PIN 3: DATA OUT
PIN : DATA IN
1
4
6
7
8
9
Power/Data Cable
Power Source
(-) (+)
DB-9
Serial Connector
Fuse
1A
VIOLET: PORT DATA OUT (n/c)
GREEN: PORT DATA IN (n/c)
YELLOW: REMOTE ON/OFF
BLACK: GROUND
BLUE: PORT 1 DATA IN
WHITE: PORT 1 DATA OUT
GRAY: PPS OUTPUT
RED: POWER
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10
Installation
Wiring
t e GPS 16
GPS 16
NMEA Device Connection
GPS 16
VIOLET: PORT DATA OUT (n/c)
GREEN: PORT DATA IN (n/c)
YELLOW: REMOTE ON/OFF
BLACK: GROUND
BLUE: PORT 1 DATA IN
GROUND
WHITE: PORT 1 DATA OUT
DATA OUT
DATA IN
Power/Data Cable
Power Source
(-) (+)
NMEA Device
Fuse
1A
Power/Data Cable &
GRAY: PPS
RED: 6-40 VDC
POWER
GPS 16
NMEA Device Connection
GPS 16
VIOLET: PORT DATA OUT (n/c)
GREEN: PORT DATA IN
YELLOW: REMOTE ON/OFF
BLACK: GROUND
BLUE: PORT 1 DATA IN (n/c)
WHITE: PORT 1 DATA OUT
Power/Data Cable
(-) (+)
Fuse
1A
Power/Data Cable &
GRAY: PPS OUTPUT
RED: POWER
GARMIN DGPS
GBR 1/ 3
WHITE: REMOTE ON/OFF
BLACK: GROUND
BROWN: DATA IN
BLUE: DATA OUT
RED: 6-40 VDC
(Remote Power 3 Only)
Power Source
GPS 16
Power Source
(5) YELLOW: REMOTE ON/OFF*
(1) RED: POWER
( ) BLACK: GROUND
Switch
Power/Data Cable
Remote Power Switch
Closed- ON
Open- OFF
(-) (+)
GPS 16
Power/Data Cable
Fuse
1A
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11
First Time Fix
T e fi rst time you power up your new GPS 16, t e
receiver must be given an opportunity to collect satellite
data and establis its present position. To ensure proper
initialization, t e GPS 16 is s ipped from t e factory in
AutoLocate mode, w ic will allow t e receiver to “fi nd
itself” anyw ere in t e world.
Once t e GPS 16 is installed and powered on, it will
begin to searc for satellites. T e GPS 16 will output
navigation data once it as calculated an initial position
fi x. By default, t e following data will be output in
NMEA 0183, Version 2.0 format:
• Latitude/Longitude/Altitude/Datum (GPGGA,
GPRMC, GPGLL, PGRMM)
• Velocity (GPRMC)
• Date/Time (GPRMC)
• Error Estimates (PGRME)
• Satellite and Receiver Status (GPGSA, GPGSV,
PGRMB, PGRMT)
WAAS Capability
T e GPS 16 is capable of receiving WAAS (Wide
Area Augmentation System) satellite signals. WAAS is an
FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) funded project to
improve t e overall accuracy and integrity of t e GPS
signal for aviation use, but land/sea based users may also
benefi t from t is system. At t is time, t e system is still in
t e development stage and is not fully operational. T ere
are currently two WAAS satellites t at can be received in
t e U.S.A., one over t e Atlantic Ocean and one over t e
Pacifi c Ocean, in a geo-stationary orbit over t e equator.
Effective use of t e WAAS satellite signal may be limited
by your geograp ic location in relation to t ose satellites,
now in developmental service. WAAS satellite signal
reception requires an absolute clear view of t e sky and
works best w en t ere are no nearby obstructions suc
as buildings, mountains, etc. WAAS satellites will be
numbered 33 or ig er w en viewing t e sky view on
your NMEA device. First-time use of t e WAAS feature
may take up to 15-20 minutes to obtain differential
Operation
Using t e
GPS 16
GPS16 QSG.indd 1/7/02, 4:08 PM11

12
Operation
Using t e
GPS 16
positioning, t en 1-2 minutes afterwards. W en WAAS dif-
ferential correction as been received for enoug satellites,
t e NMEA 0183 data will indicate t e availability of a dif-
ferential fi x in t e GPGGA sentence. To learn more about
t e WAAS system, its satellite positions and current state of
development, visit t e FAA web site ( ttp://gps.faa.gov).
Interfaces
T e GPS 16 serial Port 1 interface protocol design
is based on t e National Marine Electronics Association’s
(NMEA) 0183 ASCII interface specifi cation, w ic is fully
defi ned in “NMEA 0183, Version 2.0” and t e Radio Tec -
nical Commission for Maritime Services “RTCM Recom-
mended Standards For Differential Navstar GPS Service,
Version 2.1, RTCM Special Committee No. 104”. Contact
information to obtain copies of t e NMEA and RTCM speci-
fi cations may be found on page 5. T e GPS 16 may also be
confi gured to output NMEA 0183, Version 3.0 data. See t e
tec nical specifi cations for more information.
Port 2 is designated for RTCM data input only. Output
on Port 2 is reserved for future use.
T e GPS 16 interface protocol also transmits additional
information using t e convention of GARMIN proprietary
sentences ($PGRMx). Complete information on GPS 16
capabilities, data transfer, NMEA 0183 sentence formats
and descriptions can be found in t e “GPS 16 Tec nical
Specifi cations” (190-00228-20). You may order a copy of
t ese specifi cations from GARMIN or your GARMIN dealer,
or you may also download a copy from t e manuals section
of t e GARMIN web site at www.garmin.com/support/
userManual. tml.
T e GPS 16 Port 1 is capable of transmitting t e follow-
ing NMEA 0183 data sentences:
GPALM, GPGGA, GPGLL, GPGSA, GPGSV, GPRMC,
GPVTG, PGRME, PGRMF, PGRMM, PGRMT, PGRMV and
PGRMB
T e GPS 16 Port 1 is capable of receiving t e following
NMEA data sentences:
GPALM, PGRMI, PGRMC, PGRMC1, PGRMO and
PSLIB.
The following NMEA
transmitted sentences are
enabled at the factory:
GPGGA, GPGSA, GPGSV,
GPRMC, PGRMB,
PGRME, PGRMM,
PGRMT and PSLIB
F
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GPS16 Cover.indd 1/7/02, 4:08 PM3

© 2001 GARMIN Ltd. or its subsidiaries
GARMIN International, Inc.
1200 East 151st Street, Olat e, Kansas 66062, U.S.A.
GARMIN (Europe) Ltd.
Unit 5, T e Quadrangle, Abbey Park Industrial Estate, Romsey, SO51 9AQ, U.K.
GARMIN Corporation
No. 68, Jangs u 2nd Road, S ijr, Taipei County, Taiwan
www.garmin.com
Part Number 190-00228-11 Rev. B
For t e latest free software updates t roug out t e life of your
GARMIN products, visit t e GARMIN web site at www.garmin.com
GPS16 Cover.indd 1/7/02, 4:08 PM4