HYPERSPIKE HS-18 RAHD User manual

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE MANUAL
HYPERSPIKE®MODEL HS-18 RAHD

HyperSpike® HS-18 RAHD Operation and Maintenance Manual
Copyright © Ultra Electronics USSI Columbia City, IN 46725 USA
90097A-MAN-HS18RAHD
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. System Introduction..................................................................................................................1
1.1. Physical Features ..............................................................................................................1
1.2. Acoustic Performance........................................................................................................2
1.3. Audio Inputs and Electrical Specifications .........................................................................3
2. Principles of Operation .............................................................................................................4
2.1. Theory of Operation...........................................................................................................4
2.2. Sound Pressure Level (SPL)..............................................................................................5
2.3. Beam Width .......................................................................................................................6
2.4. Atmospheric Effects: Air Absorption...................................................................................7
2.5. Wind and Temperature Gradients......................................................................................7
2.6. Surface Effects...................................................................................................................9
2.7. Spotlight...........................................................................................................................10
2.8. Applying Loss Prevention Principles and the Effects of Noise.........................................11
2.9. Calculating Exposure Estimates ......................................................................................12
2.10.Noise Exposure Control Measures.................................................................................13
2.11.Software .........................................................................................................................13
3. Preventative Maintenance & Cleaning....................................................................................14
4. System Setup and Installation: ...............................................................................................15
5. RAHD and Electronics Assembly Setup:................................................................................15
5.1. RAHD Installation.............................................................................................................15
5.2. Interconnecting Cables ....................................................................................................16
5.3. Control Panel Setup.........................................................................................................16
5.3.1. Network Installation................................................................................................16
5.3.2. Laptop Setup..........................................................................................................17
6. Controls and Operations.........................................................................................................18
6.1. Controller Application Window.........................................................................................18
6.2. Light Panel.......................................................................................................................19
6.2.1. Power controls........................................................................................................19
6.2.2. Beam controls.........................................................................................................19
6.2.3. Strobe controls .......................................................................................................19
6.2.4. Beam focus controls...............................................................................................20
6.3. Daylight Camera Panel....................................................................................................20
6.3.1. Zoom controls.........................................................................................................20
6.3.2. Focus controls........................................................................................................20
6.3.3. Auto focus checkbox ..............................................................................................20
6.3.4. Negative checkbox.................................................................................................21
6.3.5. Infrared checkbox...................................................................................................21
6.4. Volume Panel...................................................................................................................21
6.4.1. Volume level controls .............................................................................................21
6.4.2. Mute .......................................................................................................................21
6.5. Mass Notification Panel ...................................................................................................22
6.5.1. Playing a File..........................................................................................................24
6.5.2. Stopping a Playing File...........................................................................................24
6.5.3. Pausing a Playing File............................................................................................24
6.5.4. Master Volume .......................................................................................................25

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6.5.5. Broadcasting...........................................................................................................25
6.5.6. Performing an Emergency Broadcast.....................................................................25
6.5.7. Assigning a File to an Emergency Broadcast Button..............................................26
6.5.8. Sending an Emergency Broadcast.........................................................................26
6.5.9. Adding Images to Emergency Broadcast Buttons ..................................................26
6.5.10. Uploading a File to all Audio Devices from the Application.....................................26
6.5.11. Erasing a File from all Audio Devices.....................................................................28
6.5.12. Renaming Audio Device Names.............................................................................28
6.5.13. Transferring a Playlist from one machine to another ..............................................30
6.5.14. The Sync Button.....................................................................................................30
6.5.15. Troubleshooting Audio Mass Notification ...............................................................30
6.6. Video Panel......................................................................................................................31
6.6.1. Live video panel......................................................................................................31
6.7. Pan/Tilt Control Button Bar ..............................................................................................32
6.7.1. Override button.......................................................................................................32
6.7.2. Stop button.............................................................................................................32
6.7.3. Center button..........................................................................................................32
6.7.4. Reset button...........................................................................................................32
6.7.5. Slow button.............................................................................................................32
6.7.6. Tour/Preset button..................................................................................................32
6.7.7. Switch camera button.............................................................................................32
6.8. Pan/Tilt Position Dials......................................................................................................33
6.8.1. Positional controls ..................................................................................................33
6.9. Error Handling..................................................................................................................33
6.9.1. Error messages......................................................................................................33
6.10.Joystick Control ..............................................................................................................34
6.10.1. Joystick Layout.......................................................................................................34
6.11.Presets/Tours Panel.......................................................................................................34
6.12.PT Configuration Panel...................................................................................................36
6.12.1. Soft Limits...............................................................................................................36
6.12.2. Set Center Position.................................................................................................37
6.12.3. Angle Alignment .....................................................................................................38
6.12.4. Ramp Parameters ..................................................................................................39
6.12.5. Motor Direction.......................................................................................................40
6.12.6. Speed.....................................................................................................................41
6.12.7. PT Serial.................................................................................................................42
6.12.8. Camera Serial.........................................................................................................43
6.12.9. Camera Timeouts...................................................................................................44
6.12.10.Lens Parameters....................................................................................................45
6.12.11.Auxiliary Outputs ....................................................................................................46
6.12.12.Clear Preset Table..................................................................................................47
6.12.13.Encoder Realignment.............................................................................................48
6.12.14.Heater.....................................................................................................................49
6.12.15.Homing Cycle.........................................................................................................50
6.13.Device Configuration Panel............................................................................................51
6.13.1. Controller Configuration..........................................................................................51
6.13.2. Daylight Camera Configuration...............................................................................51

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6.13.3. Thermal Camera Configuration ..............................................................................52
7. Service and Maintenance:......................................................................................................53
8. WARRANTY...........................................................................................................................54
8.1. Failures Not Covered by This Warranty...........................................................................54
8.2. Limitation of Implied Warranties.......................................................................................54
8.3. Exclusion of Certain Damages.........................................................................................54
9. Appendixes.............................................................................................................................55
9.1. Appendix A: Admin Mode.................................................................................................55
9.1.1. Logging into Admin Mode.......................................................................................55
9.1.2. Custom Views.........................................................................................................56
9.2. Appendix B: Daylight Camera..........................................................................................57
9.3. Appendix C: Visual Warning Device ................................................................................59

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Figures
Figure 1.1-1 HS-18 Dimensions ...................................................................................................1
Figure 1.1-2 HS-18 Physical Characteristics................................................................................2
Figure 1.2-1 HS-18 Acoustic Performance...................................................................................2
Figure 1.2-2 HS-18 Communication Range..................................................................................3
Figure 1.3-1 HS-18 Electrical Specifications.................................................................................3
Figure 2.1-1 Coherently Summed Frequencies with Waveguide..................................................4
Figure 2.2-1 Examples of Sound Pressure Level .........................................................................5
Figure 2.3-1 Typical Polar Plot .....................................................................................................6
Figure 2.3-2 Multi-frequency Polar Plot ........................................................................................6
Figure 2.4-1 Air Absorbtion...........................................................................................................7
Figure 2.5-1 Sound Wave Refraction............................................................................................8
Figure 2.5-2 Sound Wave in Wind................................................................................................8
Figure 2.5-3 Impact of Wind on HS-18 Acoustic Beam.................................................................9
Figure 2.6-1 Reflected Sound.......................................................................................................9
Figure 2.6-2 Barriers...................................................................................................................10
Figure 2.9-1 dB Exposure Times................................................................................................12
Figure 2.9-2 Barriers...................................................................................................................12
Figure 5.1-1 Sound Emitting Assembly and Electronics Assembly.............................................15
Figure 5.2-1 Interconnect Cables................................................................................................16
Figure 5.3-1 Control Panel Network Connection ........................................................................17
Figure 5.3-2 Joystick Connect ....................................................................................................17
Figure 6.1-1 Controller Application .............................................................................................18
Figure 6.2-1 Light Panel Controls...............................................................................................19
Figure 6.3-1 Daylight Camera Panel...........................................................................................20
Figure 6.4-1 Volume Panel.........................................................................................................21
Figure 6.5-1 Mass Notification Panel Main.................................................................................22
Figure 6.5-2 Mass Notification Panel Files .................................................................................23
Figure 6.5-3 Playing a File..........................................................................................................24
Figure 6.5-4 Play Button.............................................................................................................24
Figure 6.5-5 Stop Button.............................................................................................................24
Figure 6.5-6 Pause Button..........................................................................................................24
Figure 6.5-7 Configuration Screen Volume Control....................................................................25
Figure 6.5-8 Broadcast Button Off..............................................................................................25
Figure 6.5-9 Broadcast Button On..............................................................................................25
Figure 6.5-10 Assigning a File to an Emergency Broadcast Button............................................26
Figure 6.5-11 File Upload...........................................................................................................27
Figure 6.5-12 Fill Selection Mechanism......................................................................................27
Figure 6.5-13 File Upload Progress Bar .....................................................................................28
Figure 6.5-14 Erase a File..........................................................................................................28
Figure 6.5-15 Renaming a Device..............................................................................................29
Figure 6.5-16 Entering a New Device Name ..............................................................................29
Figure 6.5-17 A New Device Name ............................................................................................29
Figure 6.5-18 The Sync button ...................................................................................................30
Figure 6.6-1 Video Panel Display Examples...............................................................................31
Figure 6.7-1 Pan/Tilt Control Button Bar.....................................................................................32
Figure 6.8-1 Pan/Tilt Position Dials.............................................................................................33

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Figure 6.10-1 Joystick Layout.....................................................................................................34
Figure 6.11-1 Preset Panel.........................................................................................................35
Figure 6.11-2 Tours Panel..........................................................................................................35
Figure 6.12-1 Soft Limits.............................................................................................................36
Figure 6.12-2 Set Center Position...............................................................................................37
Figure 6.12-3 Angle Alignment ...................................................................................................38
Figure 6.12-4 Ramp Parameters ................................................................................................39
Figure 6.12-5 Motor Direction.....................................................................................................40
Figure 6.12-6 Speed...................................................................................................................41
Figure 6.12-7 PT Serial...............................................................................................................42
Figure 6.12-8 Camera Serial ......................................................................................................43
Figure 6.12-9 Camera Timeouts.................................................................................................44
Figure 6.12-10 Lens Parameters................................................................................................45
Figure 6.12-11 Auxiliary Outputs ................................................................................................46
Figure 6.12-12 Clear Preset Table..............................................................................................47
Figure 6.12-13 Encoder Realignment.........................................................................................48
Figure 6.12-14 Heater.................................................................................................................49
Figure 6.12-15 Homing Cycle.....................................................................................................50
Figure 6.13-1 Controller Configuration........................................................................................51
Figure 6.13-2 Daylight Camera Configuration ............................................................................51
Figure 6.13-3 Thermal Camera Configuration ............................................................................52
Figure 6.13-4 Reset Power Up Settings .....................................................................................52
Figure 9.1-1 Logging into Admin Mode.......................................................................................55
Figure 9.1-2 Password Screen ...................................................................................................55
Figure 9.1-3 Logging Out of Admin Mode...................................................................................55
Figure 9.1-4 Custom Views ........................................................................................................56
Figure 9.1-5 Custom View Admin Screen...................................................................................56
Figure 9.2-1 Daylight Camera Specifications..............................................................................58
Figure 9.3-1 Lamp Focus Access Points....................................................................................61

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SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
The HyperSpike®HS-18 RAHD uses high operating voltages and sound levels. The primary safety
risks are: 1) electrical shock and 2) hearing damage or loss. Onlyproperlytrained personnel should
operate the HS-18 RAHD and abide by the critical safety warnings identified in this manual to
prevent injury or death during operation.
Additional Electrical Safety Measures
Following these basic safety measures will prevent dangerous or potentially deadly situations from
arising :
Inspect the power cable for damage before each use.
Keep the power cable away from heated surfaces.
Never remove the power cable from an outlet by pulling on the cord.
Never leave the unit plugged into an outlet when unattended.
Never override any of the HS-18’s electrical safety features.
Sound Safety Measures
Threshold of Pain
The National Institute for Occupational Safetyand Health (NIOSH) recognizes 120 dB as the
threshold of pain for unprotected hearing. Operators should wear hearing protection and ensure that
personnel are not directly in front of the device, at close range, when the power is ON.
WARNING:
LIFE THREATENING ELECTRIC SHOCK OR DEATH BY ELECTROCUTION
100 - 250 VAC IS PRESENT WHEN ENERGIZED
Always plug the unit into properly grounded electrical outlets.
Never immerse the unit or power cable in water or allowed to sit in pooled water.
Do not operate the device if the power cable is pinched, frayed, or cut.
WARNING:
TEMPORARY OR PERMANENT HEARING DAMAGE MAY OCCUR
HIGH LEVEL OF SOUND CAN BE EMITTED
Always wear hearing protection according to OSHA’s hearing conservation program.
Operators must remain behind the HS-18 during operation.

HyperSpike® HS-18 RAHD Operation and Maintenance Manual
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1. System Introduction
1.1. Physical Features
The HyperSpike®HS-18 RAHD is designed for easy assembly and maximum transportability.
The unit can go from stand-by to fully operational in just moments. The physical characteristics
of the HS-18 RAHD are provided in Figure 1.1-1 and Figure 1.1-2.
Figure 1.1-1 HS-18 RAHD Dimensions

HyperSpike® HS-18 RAHD Operation and Maintenance Manual
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Figure 1.1-2 HS-18 RAHD Physical Characteristics
1.2. Acoustic Performance
The HS-18 RAHD delivers exceptional volume and sound quality at every operating range. See
HS-18 Acoustic Specifications in Figure 1.2-1 and the Communication Range in Figure 1.2-2
HS-18 RAHD WEIGHT
Emitter Head
90 lbs (40.8 kg)
Complete System
260 lbs (118 kg)
HS-18 RAHD DIMENSIONS
Emitter Configuration
Circular
EmitterWidth
20.0 in (50.8 cm)
Emitter Height
20.0 in (50.8 cm)
Emitter Depth
18.3 in (46.5 cm)
Equipment Bay
5.75 in (14.6 cm)
EmitterArea (subject to wind load)
314 in2 (2026 cm2)
System Width
38.7 (98.2 cm)
System Height
40.7 in (103.4 cm)
System Depth
27.1 in (68.8 cm)
HS-18 RAHD ACOUSTIC PERFORMANCE
Beam Width
+/- 5⁰at 2 kHz/-3 dB
Communication Range
Over 1500 meters* (Figure 1.2-2)
Frequency Response
245 Hz –10 kHz
Sound Pressure Level, Peak, A-Weighted
156 dB @ 1 meter
Speech Transmission Index (STI-Intelligibility)
0.96 out of 1.00
*At Maximum Rated Output, Dependent Upon Ambient Conditions
Figure 1.2-1 HS-18 RAHD Acoustic Performance

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Figure 1.2-2 HS-18 Communication Range
1.3. Audio Inputs and Electrical Specifications
HS-18 RAHD ELECTRICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Power Input
100-250 VAC
Frequency
50/60 Hz
Typical Current Draw, Normal Voice
2.4 Amps, 120 V
Typical Current Draw, Maximum Tone
4.0 Amps, 120 V
Figure 1.3-1 HS-18 RAHD Electrical Specifications

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2. Principles of Operation
This section describes the HS-18’s technology and theory of operation.
2.1. Theory of Operation
The patented HS-18 acoustic hailing device projects focused audio energy at very high sound
pressure levels with high intelligibility and clarity.
Utilizing a radial array of high-efficiency, wide band transducers, the HS-18 coherently sums all
frequency bands of the transducers by mechanically guiding the energy through a hyperboloid
waveguide. The result is an acoustic beam that is perfectly in-phase; eliminating the usual
destructive interference of adjacent device wave propagation and thus provides extremely low
harmonic distortion levels, typically below 1%. Refer to Figure 2.1-1 for a depiction of the collimated
sound beam as generated by the HS-18.
The result is that audio energy can be transmitted at even greater distances, with incredible clarity, far
exceeding the performance of standard speaker systems.
Figure 2.1-1 Coherently Summed Frequencies with Waveguide
Collimated Sound Beam

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2.2. Sound Pressure Level (SPL)
Acoustic devices produce sound pressure levels (SPL) that are measured in units called
Pascals. SPL is typically referenced to 20 micro Pascals (µPa). Therefore, an SPL
measurement in dB is calculated by the following formula:
The HS-18 is capable of producing audio tones and messages at 156 dB SPL @ 1 meter.
Referencing SPL levels @ 1 meter is simply a convention that is used so that it is easy to
compare equipment from various manufacturers.
While atmospheric conditions can affect the outcome, determining the SPL at other distances
can be performed by using the conventional “1 meter” reference typically found on data sheets
and the following equation:
As a reference, common sound pressure levels for various devices can be found in
Figure 2.2-1.
Source of Sound
Sound Pressure Level
SPL Effect
Jet Engine at 50 meters
140 dB
Conversation inaudible
Conversation barely audible
Must speak loudly
Normal conversation
Threshold of Hearing Damage
130 dB
Threshold of Pain
120 dB
Siren, Chainsaw
110 dB
Jackhammer
100 dB
Thunder, Diesel Truck
90 dB
Machine Shop
80 dB
Vacuum cleaner, Hair Dryer
70 dB
Normal Talking
40 - 60 dB
Quiet Library
40 dB
Figure 2.2-1 Examples of Sound Pressure Level
SPL DISTANCE EQUATION: SPL @ Distance A meters = SPL @ 1 meter - 20 x Log10(Distance A)
SPL FORMULA: SPL (dB) = 20 x log10 (Sound Pressure Measured / 20 µPa)

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+/- 7º or 14º at 2 kHz / -10 dB
2.3. Beam Width
Unlike many public address systems, the HyperSpike acoustic hailing devices have a narrow
beam width. Polar plots (two dimensional)
provide a basic understanding of the radiation
pattern of an acoustic device and are common
tools used to determine the beam width of an
acoustic device. A polar plot describes the
response of the speaker as it rotates around its
axis. The most common polar plots are the
horizontal and vertical responses.
A typical polar plot for a directional HyperSpike
product is found in Figure 2.3-1. It is important
to note that any acoustic source will have
varying polar responses depending upon the
frequency measured. For this reason, the
frequency being measured accompanies beam
width specifications whenever they are
provided.
Since the human voice is made up of many
frequencies and harmonics, Figure 2.3-2
provides a more comprehensive view into how
the HS-18 functions at varying frequencies.
The polar plot in Figure 2.3-2 shows the
radiation pattern of nine frequencies ranging
from a low frequency of 500 Hz to the very
high frequency of 8000 Hz.
Frequencies
indicated by
line colors:
Figure 2.3-1 Typical Polar Plot
Figure 2.3-2 Multi-frequency Polar Plot

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Frequency dependence of attenuation
as a function of relative humidity at
20°C.
Attenuation as a function of temperature
for various percentages of relative
humidity.
Ref.: Cyril Harris, "Absorption of Sound in Air versus Humidity and Temperature," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 40, p. 148.
2.4. Atmospheric Effects: Air Absorption
There are two mechanisms by which acoustic energy is absorbed by the atmosphere. These are
molecular relaxation and viscosity effects. By far the most important of these is molecular
relaxation. High frequencies are absorbed more than low. The amount of absorption depends on
the temperature and humidity of the atmosphere. The figures below show the variation of the
absorption with temperature and relative humidity.
From the diagrams it can be seen that for the middle of the speech frequency range (2 kHz), the
absorption is typically 0.25 dB/100 m for 30% relative humidity and 20°C (68°F). It should be
noted, however, it can be as high as 5 dB/100 m at 8 kHz when the temperature is 20°C and the
humidity is 10%.
Figure 2.4-1 Air Absorption
Precipitation, rain, snow, or fog, has an insignificant effect on sound levels although the
presence of precipitation will obviously affect the humidity and may also affect wind and
temperature gradients (see next section). Under 'normal' circumstances, atmospheric
absorption can be neglected except where long distances or very high frequencies are involved.
2.5. Wind and Temperature Gradients
The speed that sound propagates in a gas depends on the temperature of the gas. Higher
temperatures produce higher speeds of sound. Since the temperature of the atmosphere is not
uniform there are local variations in the sound speed. For example, under normal conditions the
atmosphere is cooler at higher altitudes. This results in sound waves being 'bent' upwards. This
will result in the formation of a shadow zone, which is a region in which sound does not
penetrate. In reality some sound will enter this zone due to scattering. Scattering occurs when
sound waves are propagating through the atmosphere and meet a region of inhomogeneity (a
local variation in sound speed or air density) and some of their energy is re-directed into many
other directions. In environmental noise situations, scattering is caused by air turbulence, rough
surfaces, and obstacles such as trees. The scattering of sound by rain, snow or fog at ordinary
frequencies is insignificant.

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Under conditions of a temperature
inversion (temperature increasing
with increasing height), the sound
waves will be refracted downwards,
and therefore may be heard over
larger distances. This frequently
occurs in winter and at sundown.
For instance, the Nine O'clock Gun
in Vancouver has been heard up to
45 miles away under the proper
atmospheric conditions.
When a wind is blowing there will always be a wind gradient. This is due to the layer of air next
to the ground being stationary. A wind gradient results in sound waves propagating upwind
being 'bent' upwards and those propagating downwind being 'bent' downwards. Temperature
and wind gradients can result in measured sound levels being very different to those predicted
from geometrical spreading and atmospheric absorption considerations alone. These
differences may be as great as 20 dB. These effects are particularly important where sound is
propagating over distances greater than a few hundred meters. Temperature inversions and
winds can also result in the effectiveness of a barrier being dramatically reduced.
If transmitting into a cross wind, direct your target to an up wind position.Winds from the left will
blow the acoustic beam to the right as illustrated in Figure 2.5-3. Winds from the right will blow the
acoustic beam to the left.
Winds that generate from the rear of the unit will enhance the acoustic range whereas winds that
generate from the front of unit will reduce the HS-18’s acoustic range. Below are typical wind
speeds and their likely effects:
Refraction of sound waves by two layers of air at different
temperatures as a result of the change of speed of the sound.
Ref.: Uno Ingard, "A Review of the Influence of Meteorological Conditions on Sound Propagation," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 25, p. 405.
Figure 2.5-1 Sound Wave Refraction
Figure 2.5-2 Sound Wave in Wind

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0-3 mph: Wind hardly felt, but smoke drifts
3-5 mph: Wind felt lightly on the face
5-8 mph: Leaves are kept in constant movement
8-12 mph: Raises dust and loose paper
12-15 mph: Causes small trees to sway
2.6. Surface Effects
Ground Absorption: If sound is propagating over ground, attenuation will occur due to acoustic
energy losses on reflection. These losses will depend on the surface. Smooth, hard surfaces
will produce little absorption whereas thick grass may result in sound levels being reduced by up
to about 10 dB per 100 meters at 2000 Hz. High frequencies are generally attenuated more than
low frequencies. Reflection from the ground can result in another mechanism by which sound
levels are reduced. When the source and receiver are both close to the ground, the sound
wave reflected from the ground may interfere destructively with the direct wave. This effect
(called the ground effect)
is normally noticed over
distances of several
meters and more, and in
the frequency range of
200-600 Hz.
Ref.: Wiener and Keast, "Experimental Study of the Propagation ofSound Over Ground," Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 31, p. 724.
Figure 2.5-3 Impact of Wind on HS-18 Acoustic Beam
Figure 2.6-1 Reflected Sound

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Diffraction of a low frequency sound
wave around a barrier. Note that the
barrier does not create a sound shadow
in the area of the lower right-hand corner
Ref.: D. Aylor, "Noise Reduction by Vegetation and Ground", Journal ofthe Acoustical Society of America, 51, p. 197.
Attenuation Due to Barriers and Trees:
Research on propagation through trees has produced greatly conflicting results. It is clear,
though, that trees are of more benefit aesthetically than acoustically. A band of trees several
hundreds of feet deep is required in order to achieve significant attenuation. Significant
attenuation can be achieved by the use of solid barriers. A barrier should be at least high
enough to obscure the 'line of sight' between the noise source and receiver. Barriers smaller
than this may have a negative effect by elimination of the destructive interference phenomenon.
A barrier is most effective for high frequencies since low frequencies are diffracted around the
edge of a barrier more easily. The maximum performance of a barrier is limited to about 40 dB,
due to scattering by the atmosphere. A barrier is most effective when placed either very close
to the source or to the receiver. It should be remembered that a barrier's performance can be
severely reduced by temperature and wind gradients. Barriers not built for acoustical purposes
are often found in sound propagation
situations. The most common of these
are hills and buildings. In urban
situations, buildings can be effective
barriers. It is possible for buildings to
produce a different acoustical effect. In
a street, multiple reflections from parallel
building facades can result in
considerable reverberation, and
consequently reduced attenuation. This
is often referred to as the canyon effect.
The importance of these various phenomena depends upon the situation under
consideration.
2.7. Spotlight
MaxaBeam searchlight delivers a 12 million candlepower light. Using a high efficiency 75 watt
Xenon short arc lamp, this searchlight illuminates targets up to 1 1/2 miles away. With its
exclusive programmable electronic control, the beam can be varied from a wide 40° flood to a
narrow 1° beam and activate the strobe function. The strobe function can be applied to
disorientate personnel in a fashion similar to flash bulb exposure from a typical camera.
Figure 2.6-2 Barriers

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Warnings!
Never operate this light in an explosive environment.
Do not look directly into the light at close distances.
Do not immerse in water or allow water to enter case.
Do not operate if front lens is damaged.
Do not allow concentrated beam to be focused on flammable materials at close distances
for prolonged periods of time.
Do not touch Xenon lamp connections during operation or ignition, as high voltages are
present.
Do not touch clear portion of Xenon lamp. If accidentally touched clean with isopropyl
alcohol.
Always wear eye protection when removing front lens cover. The lamp is under positive
pressure and should be handled with care.
2.8. Applying Loss Prevention Principles and the Effects of Noise
Exposure to high noise levels for extended periods of time can cause hearing loss. It is typically
first detected in individuals by comparing periodic audiograms, which show a reduced ability to
hear tones in the 4000 Hertz frequency ranges. This happens often before the individual
realizes a hearing loss has occurred and before it becomes disabling. With continued
overexposure, the loss can grow larger and spread to lower frequencies, including normal
speech frequencies.
Recommended levels refer to sound pressure levels averaged over the workday. They
represent conditions under which it is believed nearly all workers may be repeatedly exposed
without adverse effects on their ability to hear and understand speech.
The OSHA permissible exposure limit for noise is 90dBA measured as an eight hour time
weighted average (TWA). A hearing conservation program is required when exposures equal or
exceed 85 dBA as an eight hour TWA.
The American conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists recommends 85 dBA as an
eight hour TWA as their threshold limit value.
Both of these values have been established to protect the hearing of exposed workers, but due
to individual susceptibility, they should not be regarded as fine lines between safe and
dangerous levels.
The eight hour TWA exposure estimates used in this report are based on our sound pressure
level measurements and exposure time estimates given to us for typical situations. Rather they
are intended to be used as an estimate of the hazard to hearing loss for exposed individuals and
as a guide to where noise control efforts should be directed on a priority basis. Higher exposure
estimates indicate a higher risk of hearing loss.

HyperSpike® HS-18 RAHD Operation and Maintenance Manual
Copyright © Ultra Electronics USSI Columbia City, IN 46725 USA
90097A-MAN-HS18RAHD
REV A
12
Figure 2.9-2 Barriers
2.9. Calculating Exposure Estimates
When the individual noise exposure is composed of two or more periods of noise at different
levels, the total noise dose over the work day is given by:
Dose=100(c1/t1+c2/t2+…+cn/tn),
Where cn indicates the total time of exposure at a specific noise level and tn indicates the
allowable time at that level. Examples of allowable times are:
dBA Sound Level
Allowable Time, tn
80
32 hours
85
16 hours
90
8 hours
95
4 hours
100
2 hours
105
1 hour
110
0.50 hour
115
0.25 hour
Figure 2.9-1 dB Exposure Times
A workers full day exposure must be added up to estimate the dose. The equivalent 8 hour
TWA in decibels may be calculated from the dose by:
TWA=16.61log (dose/100)+90
An example of conversions from dose to eight hour TWA is as follows:
Dose
Equivalent TWA
25
80
50
85
100
90
200
95
400
100
800
105