Keysight Technologies MXA N9020A User manual

Functional
Tests
Keysight N9020A MXA
Signal Analyzer

Notices
© Keysight Technologies, Inc.
2006-2016
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Manual Part Number
N9020-90086
Edition
Edition 1, February 2016
Supersedes: December 2015
Published by:
Keysight Technologies
1400 Fountaingrove Parkway
Santa Rosa, CA 95403
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3
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5
Table of Contents
1. Functional Tests
Functional Test Versus Performance Verification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Contents of this Document. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Before Performing a Functional Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Test Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2. Displayed Average Noise Level (DANL)
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3. Frequency Readout Accuracy
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4. Second Harmonic Distortion (SHD)
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5. Amplitude Accuracy at 50 MHz
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Testing Preamp Option (P03, P08, P13, P26). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
6. Frequency Response (Flatness)
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
7. Frequency Response (Flatness), Preamp On
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
8. Scale Fidelity
Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

7
Keysight N9020A MXA Signal Analyzer
Functional Tests Guide
1 Functional Tests
Functional tests are tests of various instrument parameters that give a high
degree of confidence that the analyzer is operating correctly. They are
recommended as a check of analyzer operation for incoming inspection or after
a repair. Measurement uncertainty analysis is not available for functional tests,
and the analyzer is checked against limits that are wider than the published
specifications. The functional tests are designed to test an analyzer operating
within the temperature range defined by the analyzer specifications using a
minimum set of test equipment. If a test does not pass, performance
verification tests must be run to determine whether a problem exists.

8
Functional Tests
Functional Test Versus Performance Verification
Functional Test Versus Performance Verification
Functional tests use a minimum set of test equipment to check a much smaller
range of parameters (and a limited number of data points for each parameter)
than do performance verification tests. Functional tests use limits that are
wider than the published specifications; measurement uncertainty analysis is
not available for functional tests.
Performance verification tests span a wide range of instrument parameters and
provide the highest level of confidence that the instrument conforms to
published specifications. These tests can be time consuming and require
extensive test equipment.
If a functional test does not pass, you must run performance verification
tests to determine whether a problem exists.

9
Functional Tests
Contents of this Document
Contents of this Document
This chapter includes the following:
—“Before Performing a Functional Test” on page 10 (what to do first).
—“Test Equipment” on page 11 (a list of the equipment required for all of the
tests).
Subsequent chapters describe the following Functional Tests:
—“Displayed Average Noise Level (DANL)” on page 15
—“Frequency Readout Accuracy” on page 19
—“Second Harmonic Distortion (SHD)” on page 23
—“Amplitude Accuracy at 50 MHz” on page 27
—“Amplitude Accuracy at 50 MHz” on page 27
—“Frequency Response (Flatness)” on page 33
—“Frequency Response (Flatness), Preamp On” on page 37
—“Scale Fidelity” on page 41
Each functional test includes:
— Test limits (pass/fail criteria)
— A description of the test
— The equipment required for the test
— A figure showing how to connect the equipment
— Step-by-step instructions
— One or more tables in which to record the measurement results

10
Functional Tests
Before Performing a Functional Test
Before Performing a Functional Test
1. Ensure that you have the proper test equipment.
2. Switch on the unit under test (UUT) and let it warm up (in accordance with
warm-up requirements in the instrument specifications).
3. Allow sufficient warm-up time for the required test equipment (refer to
individual instrument documentation for warm-up specifications).
4. Ensure that the analyzer’s frequency reference is set to Internal:
a. Press the Input/Output, More, Freq Ref In keys.
b. If the Freq Ref In softkey does not show Internal, press the Freq Ref
In softkey and select Internal.
5. Following instrument warm-up, perform the auto align routine:
Press System, Alignments, Align Now, All.
Functional test accuracy depends on the precision of the test equipment
used. Ensure that all of the test equipment is calibrated before running a
functional test.

11
Functional Tests
Test Equipment
Test Equipment
The table below summarizes the test equipment needed to perform all of the
functional tests. Alternate equipment model numbers are given in case the
recommended equipment is not available. If neither the recommended nor the
alternative test equipment are available, substitute equipment that meets or
exceeds the critical specifications listed.
Table 1-1
Analyzer
Option Item Critical Specifications Recommended
Keysight Model
Alternate
Keysight
Model
Adapters
All 3.5 mm (f) to 3.5mm (f)
(connector saver for source)
Frequency: 10 MHz to 26.5 GHz
VSWR: < 1.1:1 83059B 1250-1749
All BNC (f) to SMA (m) Frequency: 40 MHz 1250-1200
All Type N (f) to Type N (f) Frequency: 10 MHz to 18 GHz
VSWR: < 1.05:1
1250-1472 1250-0777
All Type N (m) to 3.5 mm (m) Frequency: 10 MHz to 18 GHz
VSWR: < 1.1:1
1250-1743
All Type N (m) to 3.5 mm (f) Frequency: 10 MHz to 18 GHz
VSWR: < 1.1:1
1250-1744
All Type N (f) to 3.5 mm (f) Frequency: 10 MHz to 18 GHz
VSWR: < 1.1:1
1250-1745
All Type N (m) to BNC (f) Frequency: 10 MHz to 1 GHz
VSWR: < 1.05:1
1250-1476
Attenuators
All 10 dB Step Attenuator Frequency: 50 MHz
Range: 0 to 70 dB
8495A 8496A
All 10 dB Fixed Attenuator (2
required)
Frequency: 50 MHz
VSWR: < 1.2:1
8493C Option 010 8493A Option
010
or
8493B Option
010
Pxx 30 dB Fixed Attenuator Accuracy: < 0.05 dB @ 50 MHz 11708A
Cables
All 3.5 mm (1 meter) Frequency: 10 MHz to 26.5 GHz
VSWR: < 1.4:1
Loss: < 2.0 dB
11500E 8120-4921
All Cable, BNC (3 required) 120 cm (48 in.) BNC cable 10503A

12
Functional Tests
Test Equipment
Signal Source
All Synthesized Sweeper Frequency: 10 MHz to 26.5 GHz
Harmonic level: < − 40 dBc
Amplitude range: 10 to − 20 dBm
Frequency Accuracy: 0.02%
PSGa83630B,
83640B,
83650B
Power Meter
All Power Meter Power Reference Accuracy: ±1.2%
Compatible with power sensor
E4418B E4419B
All Power Sensor Frequency Range: 50 MHz to
3.66 GHz
Amplitude Range: −70 to –10 dBm
8481D 8487D
8485D
P03 Low Power Sensor Frequency Range: 50 MHz to 3.6 GHz
Amplitude Range: –70 to –10 dBm
8481D 8485D
8487D
Pxx other
than P03
Low Power Sensor Frequency Range: 50 MHz to 26.5 GHz
Amplitude Range: –70 to –10 dBm
8485D 8487D
Oscilloscope
All Keysight Infiniium
Oscilloscope
Cutoff Frequency: 50 MHz
Rejection at 65 MHz: > 40 dB
Rejection at 75 MHz: > 60 dB
Rejection at 80 MHz: > 60 dB
Frequency: 10 MHz to 26.5 GHz
54800B
Miscellaneous Equipment
All Filter, 50 MHz Low Pass Cutoff Frequency: 50 MHz
Rejection at 65 MHz: > 40 dB
Rejection at 75 MHz: > 60 dB
Rejection at 80 MHz: > 60 dB
Frequency: 10 MHz to 26.5 GHz
0955-0306
526 Power Splitter, 3.5 mm Nominal Insertion Loss: 6 dB
Tracking Between Ports: < 0.25 dB
11667B
503, 508,
513
Power Splitter Nominal Insertion Loss: 6 dB
Tracking Between Ports: < 0.25 dB
11667A 11667B
All Termination, 50ΩType N (m) Connector
Frequency: 30 Hz to 26.5 GHz
909A Option 012
a. PSG model numbers: E8244A, E8254A, E8247C Option 520, E8247C Option H31 or 540, E8257D Option 520,
E8257D Option 550, E8257D Option 567, E8267D Option 544.
Table 1-1
Analyzer
Option Item Critical Specifications Recommended
Keysight Model
Alternate
Keysight
Model

15
Keysight N9020A MXA Signal Analyzer
Functional Tests Guide
2 Displayed Average Noise Level (DANL)
Test Limits (with 0 dB input attenuation)
See Table 2-1 for values.
The Displayed Average Noise Level (DANL) of the signal analyzer is measured
across a 10 kHz frequency span at several center frequencies. The analyzer
input is terminated into a 50Ωload. A test is performed to assure the
measurement is not performed in the presence of a residual response. The
measurement is then averaged, and the result is normalized to a 1 Hz
bandwidth.
Figure 2-1 DANL Test Setup
Item Critical Specifications
(for this test)
Recommended
Keysight Model
Termination, 50ΩType-N(m) Frequency: DC to 18 GHz 909A Option 012

16
Displayed Average Noise Level (DANL)
Procedure
Procedure
1. Configure the equipment as shown in Figure 2-1
2. Press Mode, Spectrum Analyzer, Mode Preset on the analyzer.
3. Set up the signal analyzer by pressing:
FREQ Channel, Center Freq, 10, MHz
Input/Output, RF Input, RF Coupling, select DC
SPAN X Scale, Span, 10, kHz
AMPTD Y Scale, –70, dBm
AMPTD Y Scale, Attenuation, Mech Atten, 0, dB
BW, Res BW, 1, kHz
BW, Video BW, 100, Hz
Meas Setup, Average/Hold, Number, 20, Enter
Trace/Detector, Trace Average
Single
4. Press Restart, then wait for Average/Hold to display 20/20.
5. Press View/Display, Display, then press Display Line, On.
6. Rotate the knob and set the display line at the average amplitude of the
displayed noise floor by visual inspection.
7. Confirm that the measurement is performed on the analyzer noise floor
and not on a residual response within the displayed 10 kHz span.
8. Enter the value of the display line as the Measured Average Noise Level at
10 MHz column in Table 2-1.
9. Normalize the measured value to a 1 Hz BW by adding –30 dB to the
measured value.
10.Enter the normalized value of the displayed average noise level in Table
2-1.
11.The value of the normalized displayed average noise should be less than
the specification value.
Ignore the residual response if one appears when taking the measurement.
The –30 dB value is added because the formula used to calculate the
value of the noise power in a 1 Hz BW when measured with a 1 kHz BW is:
Normalized Noise = 10 Log (BW 2/BW 1) where BW 2 is the 1 kHz BW we
measure and BW 1 is 1 Hz BW to which we want to normalize.
Therefore, 10 Log (1000) = 30 dB, so the noise floor will be 30 dB lower in a
1 Hz BW.

17
Displayed Average Noise Level (DANL)
Procedure
12.Change the analyzer center frequency to the next value listed in Table 2-1.
Press: FREQ Channel, Center Freq, [Table 2-1 Value], GHz
13.Repeat step 4 through step 12 to fill in the remainder of Table 2-1 for your
analyzer frequency range.
Table 2-1 Displayed Average Noise Level (DANL) Results
Center Frequency Measured Average Noise Level (dBm) Normalized Average Noise Level/(1 Hz
BW) (dBm)
Test Limits
(dBm)
10 MHz –150
2 GHz –150
6 GHz –148
13 GHz –147
20 GHz –142
26.5 GHz –135

19
Keysight N9020A MXA Signal Analyzer
Functional Tests Guide
3 Frequency Readout Accuracy
Test Limits
Frequency Readout Accuracy is equivalent to the following equation:
±(0.25% × span + 5% × RBW + 2 Hz + 0.5 × horizontal resolution)
See results table for actual values.
The frequency readout accuracy is measured in several spans and center
frequencies that allow both internal analyzer synthesizer modes and prefilter
bandwidths to be tested. Frequency reference error is eliminated by using the
same frequency standard for the analyzer and signal source.
Item Critical Specification
(for this test)
Recommended
Keysight Model
Adapter, Type-N(m), to
3.5 mm(f)
Frequency: 10 MHz to 1.51 GHz
VSWR: < 1.1:1
1250-1744
Adapter, 3.5 mm(f) to
3.5 mm(f)
Frequency: 10 MHz to 1.51 GHz
VSWR: < 1.1:1
83059B
Cable, 3.5 mm, 1 meter Frequency: 10 MHz to 1.51 GHz
VSWR: < 1.4:1
11500E
Cable, BNC, 120 cm Frequency: 10 MHz 10503A
Synthesized Sweeper Frequency: 10 MHz to 1.51 GHz PSG

20
Frequency Readout Accuracy
Figure 3-1 Frequency Readout Accuracy Test Setup

21
Frequency Readout Accuracy
Procedure
Procedure
1. Configure the equipment as shown in Figure 3-1. Confirm the analyzer’s
built-in auto alignment has been performed within the past 24 hours.
2. On the synthesized sweeper, press PRESET, then set the controls as
follows:
FREQUENCY, 1505, MHz
POWER LEVEL, –10, dBm
3. Set up the signal analyzer by pressing:
Mode, Spectrum Analyzer
Mode Preset
Input/Output, More, Freq Ref In, External
FREQ Channel, Center Freq, 1505, MHz
SPAN X Scale, Span, 2990, MHz
Trace/Detector, More, Detector, Sample
Single
4. Press Restart.
Press Peak Search on the analyzer. If the instrument is functioning
correctly, the marker reading in the active function block will be between
the values listed in Table 3-1. Record the marker value in the Marker
Frequency Readout column in Table 3-1.
5. On the signal analyzer, change the span and center frequency as listed in
Table 3-1.
6. Change the synthesized sweeper frequency to match the center frequency
of the analyzer.
7. Repeat step 4 through step 6 until the Marker Frequency Readout column
of Table 3-1 is complete.
Table 3-1 Frequency Readout Accuracy Results
Span
(MHz)
Center
Frequency
(MHz)
Minimum Marker Frequency Readout Maximum
2990 1505 1495.9 MHz 1514.1 MHz
127.2 1505 1504.56 MHz 1505.44 MHz
54.1 1505 1504.8122 MHz 1505.1878 MHz
7.95 1505 1504.97240 MHz 1505.0276 MHz
0.106 1505 1504.999630 MHz 1505.000370 MHz
1.98 517.59 517.58316 MHz 517.59684 MHz
1.98 832.50 832.49316 MHz 832.50684 MHz

23
Keysight N9020A MXA Signal Analyzer
Functional Tests Guide
4 Second Harmonic Distortion (SHD)
Test Limits
This test checks the second harmonic distortion of the signal analyzer by
tuning to twice the input frequency and examining the level of the distortion
product. A low pass filter is inserted between the source and the signal
analyzer to prevent the source second harmonic from artificially raising the
second harmonic product displayed on the analyzer.
The power level at the input mixer is 20 dB higher than specified to allow the
distortion product to be seen. For example, the instrument specification may
state that with a –15 dBm signal at the input mixer, the distortion product
should be suppressed by > –60 dBc.
The equivalent Second Harmonic Intercept (SHI) is 45 dBm
(–15 dBm + 60 dBc). This test is performed with –10 dBm at the mixer and
verifies the distortion product is suppressed by –55 dBc. This ensures the SHI is
also 45 dBm (–10 dBm + 55 dBc).
Applied Frequency Mixer Level Distortion
40 MHz –10 dBm < –55 dBc
Item Critical Specifications
(for this test)
Recommended
Keysight Model
Adapter, Type-N(m) to
BNC(f)
Frequency: 10 MHz to 80 MHz
VSWR: < 1.05:1
1250-1476
Adapter, BNC(f) to SMA(m) Frequency: 40 to 80 MHz 1250-1200
Adapter,
3.5 mm(f) to 3.5 mm(f)
Frequency: 10 MHz to 80 MHz
VSWR: < 1.1:1
83059B
Cable, BNC 120 cm (2
required)
Frequency: 10 to 40 MHz 10503A

24
Second Harmonic Distortion (SHD)
Figure 4-1 Second Harmonic Distortion Test Setup
Filter, 50 MHz Low Pass Cutoff Frequency: 50 MHz
Rejection at 65 MHz: > 40 dB
Rejection at 75 MHz: > 60 dB
0955-0306
Synthesized Sweeper Frequency: 50 MHz
Spectral Purity: Better than –30 dBc
PSG
Item Critical Specifications
(for this test)
Recommended
Keysight Model

25
Second Harmonic Distortion (SHD)
Procedure
Procedure
1. Configure the equipment as shown in Figure 4-1.
2. Press Mode, Spectrum Analyzer, Mode Preset on the signal analyzer and
Preset the synthesized sweeper.
3. Set up the synthesized sweeper by pressing:
Frequency, 40, MHz
Amplitude, –10, dBm
4. Set up the signal analyzer by pressing:
Input/Output, More, Freq Ref In, External
FREQ Channel, Center Freq, 40, MHz
SPAN X Scale, Span, 1, MHz
5. On the analyzer, press Peak Search.
6. Adjust the synthesized sweeper amplitude for a signal analyzer display of
–10 dBm ±0.1 dB.
7. On the analyzer, activate the marker delta function by pressing the Marker
and Delta keys.
8. On the signal analyzer, press:
FREQ Channel, Center Freq, 80, MHz
Meas Setup, Average/Hold Number, 20, Enter
Trace/Detector, Trace Average
Single
9. Press Peak Search. Enter the displayed value under the Measured Second
Harmonic Distortion (dBc) heading in Table 4-1.
Table 4-1 Second Harmonic Distortion Results
Applied Frequency
(MHz)
Measured Second Harmonic Distortion
(dBc)
Mixer Level
(dBm)
Specification
(dBc)
40 –10 –55

27
Keysight N9020A MXA Signal Analyzer
Functional Tests Guide
5 Amplitude Accuracy at 50 MHz
Test Limits
Amplitude Accuracy should remain within 1.13 dB of the measured source
value across the range of source levels and changes in resolution bandwidth.
The Preamp (option P03, P08, P13, P26) should remain within ±1.3 dB of
measured values.
A synthesized sweeper is used as the signal source for the test. The source
amplitude is varied using the signal source amplitude control and external step
attenuator. The resolution bandwidth is also varied on the signal analyzer. The
source amplitude is measured by the power meter and signal analyzer at each
setting, and the values compared. The difference between each pair of
measurements indicates the amplitude accuracy.
Item Critical Specifications Recommended
Keysight Model
Adapter Type-N(m), to 3.5 mm(m) 1250-1743
Adapter 3.5 mm(f) to 3.5 mm(f) 83059B
Attenuator, 10 dB Step Range: 10 to 30 dB
Frequency: 50 MHz
Accuracy: ±0.5 dB
8495A
Attenuator, 30 dB Accuracy: < 0.5 dB at 50 MHz 11708A
Cable 3.5 mm, 1 meter 11500E
Cable BNC, 120 cm 10503A
Power Meter Compatible with power sensor E4418B
Power Sensor Amplitude Range: −25 dBm to 10 dBm 8485A
Power Splitter 3.5 mm (f) connectors
6 dB loss
11667B
Synthesized Sweeper Typical Temperature Stability: 0.01 dBc/°CPSG