Kodak Browaie 2-A User manual

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{\=
t:
TO protect Kodak amateurs, and to pro-
I tect Developing anC Printing houses
that endear
cr ro give their customers the
best possibleresul's, we have made Velox
paper identifiable. The trade name
"Velox" is printed, faintly, on the back of
every sheet. Look for it.
Insist on Velox-the paper that exactly
meets the requirements of amateur nega-
tives-and know you're getting the best
results possible frorn your films.
The
VeloxBook
tellstheworking
ofa sitnple
|aDer in simble terms-a aaluable fhoto-
sralhic help. Free from u,s
or your decler.
EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY
P'ict'ttre tak,ing witii, the
No.2-A
Folding Autographic
Brownie Camera
Rapid R
ectilinear Lens
EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY
RocnBsrnn,
N Y.
-i
Tclox
now identtlfable
il
0,,
,
RocHBSTER, I{. Y. #
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Kodak Cameras.
Kodak Film,
Velox Paper,
Brownie Cameras,
Kodak Film Tank-s.
Solio Paper,
. "Kodak"
TRADE \,{ARK
1888
EASTNIAN KODAK CCT\IPANY
RocHBsrER.
N. \-.
Manufacturers of
..KODAKERY''
A monthly magazine that teaches how to
imake better pictures, wilt be sent FREE OF
I
CHARGE to anyone uho buys one oI our
tt
smateur cameras from a dealer in photo-
l{raphic goods, if this btank is fitled out and
:
sent to us utithin 30 days trorn the date the
camera waspurchased.
EASTMAN KONEK COPTPENY.
TO THE EASTM,q.I.I
KOOAK CO., ROCHNSTER,
N. Y.:
Accepting your offer, pleo.se put ,ny name on the
tnailing list for "KODAKERY" (with the understanding
that there is to be no cost to me), I ha,vin{ bought a
NorB-The magazine will h,e
sent for one year only on this
offer. After that the subscription price wiil be -60 c""tr -
u
year, b]t_yog are not under- the slightest obligatio" to r"-
new.-E. K. Co.
Form No. 337.24.
td
E
lrl
I
|I.
tr
o
tr
ld
F
Brownie Enlarging Cameras,
Eastman Royal Bromide paper,
Eastman Standard Bromide paper,
Eastman Velvet Bromide paper,
Eastman Brilliant Velvet Bromide paper.
Eastman Matte-Enamel Bromide paper.
Eastman Enameled Bromide paper,
Kodak Dry Mounting Tissue,
Eastman Tested Chemicals,
Tripods and Other Specialties.
Trade Marks Ree. L-. S. pat. Off.
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October. 1924.
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I
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P,icturetak'ingw'iththe
No. 2-A
Folding Aurographic
BrownieCamera
Rapid Rectilinear Lens
Publi.shed.
by
EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY
RocnnsrBn.
N. Y.
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Order Film by Number
All Kodak Films are distinguished by
the numbers on the endsof the cartons.
A 116is the number of the film for this
camera (No. 2-A Folding Autographic
Brownie). Tfis number is on the carton,
on the cartridge, and on the back of the
camera.
Autographic film can be used in the
earlier models of Brownies, "N.C."' film
can be used in Autographic Brownies, but
to get autograph,ic
results,
Autographic film
must be used in an Autographic Brownie.
IMPORTANT
When Autographing film, bear down
with the stylus as heauily as the paper
will stand without tearing.
Before Loading
D EFORE taking any pictures with the
L) No. 2-A Folding Autographic
Brownie Camera, read the following in-
structions carefully. Make yourself famil-
iar with the camera, taking especial care
'to learn how to operate the shutter. Work
it for both time and instantaneous ex-
posures several times before loading the
camera
with film.
The first thing for the beginner to bear
in mind is that the light, which serves to
impress the photographic image upon the
sensitivefilm in a fraction of a secondwhen
it comes through the lens, can destroy
the film as quickly as it makes the picture.
Throughout the operations of loading and
unloading, be very careful to keep the
red paper wound tightly around the film
to prevent the light striking it.
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f
CONTENTS
Penr I
I.oading
theCamera
Penr II
Making the Exposures
Operating the Shutter
Instantaneous Exposures ..
Focusing
Diaphragms
Using the Finder
Autographic Feature
Time Exposures-Interiors
To Make a Portrait
Time Exposures-Outdoors
Flash-light Exposures
Penr III
Removing the Film
Finishing the Pictures .
PART I
Loading the Camera
THE film (A 116)
for the No. 2-A FoldingAuto-
r graphic Brownie Camera is furnished in a
light-proofcartridgeand the camera
can be loaded
in daylight. This should be done in a
subdued light, not in the glare of bright
sunlight. It should also be borne in
mind that after the seal is broken, care
must be taken to keep the red paper
tight on the spool, or it may slip and
loosen sufficiently to ruin or fog the film.
1. To load the camera, take a posi-
tion where the daylight is somewhat
subdued, not in the direct sunlight, and
remove the front of the camera. To do this, push
the metal lock to the right, Fig. 1, page 6. Then
take the front of camera by the two metal edges
and lift it upwards, first lifting the end on which
the lock is fastened, Fig. 2, page 6, and remove
that part of the camera entirely. The camera is
now ready for loading.
2. At each end of the camera there is a recess
for holding the film spools.
,.l
11
11
l4
15
r7
19
25
29
3+
36
37
43
48 J-*,
THo Frr.u,
No. A 116
./) "qb
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There is an empty
the camera; the fresh
the oppositeend.
Fig. 1
spool at the winding end of
cartridge is to be inserted in
The empty spool,
which is used as the
reel, must now be re-
moved. This is
done
by first drawing out
the winding key to
the limit of motion,
which will release
the
spool, it can then be
readily renroved.
Fig.3.
Fig. 3
3. Break and remove the gummed band that
holds the end of the red paper, unfold the end and
thread the red paper as far as it will go, into the
longer opening of the slit in the empty spool, .ro
that the slot 'in the end of tlte spool w'ill be at the top,
wh'ile at the same t'ime the slot at the end of the full
spool will beat the bottomof thecartridge. Then give
the empty spool three or four turns, until the
black lines on the outside of the paper are reached.
Be careful that the paper draws straight and true.
SeeFig. 4.
I.-ig. 2
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4. The camera may now be loaded by first
unrolling about four inches of the red paper and
then placing the two spools into the film pockets
at each end of the camera. Fig. 5.
tr lg. .\
Important
when inserting the spool of film be sure to get
the top of the spool at the top of the camera (each
spool is marked with the word "Top," on the red
paper near the top of the spool). The winding
k"y is on the top of the camera. If the spool of
film is inserted wrong end up, the red paper instead
of the film will face the lens, resulting in the total
lossof the pictures.
5- After the spools have been placed in the
pockets, push the full spool as far back as possible
so that the tension spring may hold it securely
in place, creating sufficient drag to keep the film
taut.
Pressin on the winding key in the top of camera
and turn it to the left, until the web on the key
fits into the slot in the top of the empty spool,which
is the reel. Fig. 6. Caution
If too much of the red paper is
the camera is closed, some of the
covered, fogged and ruined.
reeled off belore
film will be un-
Fig. 6
6. The camera must now be closed, reversing
the operation shown in Figs. 1 and 2. When re-
placing the front of the camera after it is loaded,
first insert the end opposite the lock, the edge of
box must be in the metal groove at the end of the
front, then drop the end on which the lock is fast-
ened into place. Push over the metal lock andl
rnake sure that it is fastened securely.
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Throughout these operations from the time the
gummed band is broken on the fresh roll of film
until the camera is closed, keep the red paper
wound tightly on the roll. If it is allowed to loosen
light will be admitted and the film ruined.
7. The red paper must be partly reeled off
before a picture can be taken. Turn the key to
the left and watch the little red window in the back
of the camera. When about ten or twelve turns
have been given, an index hand will appear. This
hand is a warning that the
first number is approach-
irg. Then turn the k"y
slowly until figure 1 ap-
pears in the center of the
red window.
Press in on the winding
key while turning it, so
as to keep the web on the
k"y, in the slot in the end
of the spool, and to pre-
vent the key loosening and
allowing the film and red
paper to unwind.
The film is now in posi-
tion for the first picture.
PART II
Making the Exposures
I] EFORE making an exposure with the No. 2-A
't-' Folding Autographic Brownie, either time or
instantaneous, be sure of four things:
First-That the sh
utter is ad
justed properll' ;
for an instantaneous, time or "bulb" exposure as
desired.
Second-That the diaphragm lever is placed at
the proper stop opening.
Third-That the camera is focused.
Fourth-That an unexposed section of the film
is turned into position.
Operating the Shutter
Familiarity with the shutter is necessaryfor suc-
cessfulpicture taking with any camera.
The following directions should be carefully read
and the shutter operated several times before load-
ing the camera with film.
The shutter is self-setting. Exposures are made
by pressing the push-pin of the cable release D or
pushing down the exposure lever C. See diagram
of shutter on page 12.
Do not make too sharp a bend in the cable release
or it will be likelv to kink.
11
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Snapshots"
For all ordinary Instantaneous Exposures
First-Move the lever A to 25 or 50 (represent-
ing the speeds of the shutter), according to the
time of instantaneous exposure desired. This ad-
justs the shutter for Instantaneous Exposures.
Second-Move the lever B to U.S. 8. Lever
B controls the iris diaphragm and U.S. 8 is the
proper opening for ordinary outdoor work, such as
street scenes,nearby views, etc., when the subject
is in bright sunshine, using speed 25.
Third-Press the push-pin of the cable releaseD
or push down the exposure lever C. Tbis makes
the exposure. Be sure to hold the camera rigid,
a slight jar will cause a blurred negative.
t2
Time Exposures
First-Move the lever A to the point "T" (time).
This adjusts the shutter for Time Exposures.
' Second-Move the lever B to U.S. 4, 8, 16, 32
or 64, according to the time of the exposure and
the nature of the subject. See instructions for
the use of the diaphragms or stops as given on
page 17, also the table for making Interior Time
Exposures on pages 32 and 33, and the table for
Time Exposures Outdoors, page 36.
Third-Press the push-pin of the cable release D
or push down the exposure lever C. This opens
the shutter. Time the exposure by a watch. Again
press the push-pin or the exposure lever. This
closes
the shutter.
Bulb Exposures
When it is necessary to make a very short time
exposure this is best accomplished by making a
"Bulb" Exposure.
' First-Move the lever A to the point "8" (bulb).
This adjusts the shutter for "Bulb" Exposures.
Second-Move the lever B to U.S. 4, 8, 16, 32
or 64. See instructions for the use of the dia-
phragms or stops as given on page 17, also the
table for making Interior Time Exposures on pages
32 and 33, and the table for Time Exposures Out-
doors, page 36.
Third-Press the push-pin of the cable release D
or push down the exposure lever C, to open the
shutter, and release it to close the shutter. Th,is
makes the exposure. The shutter will remain open
as long as the push-pin or the exposure lever is
under pressure.
Important-Nezter oil, the shutter. In case of
accident, return the camera to your dealer or to us
for repairs.
13
AS
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As a general rule, make exposureswith the cable
release
instead of with the exposure lever C, as the
cablerelease
is less
likely to jar the camera.
Instantaneous Exposures
"Snapshots"
When maklng instantaneous exposures or snap-
p.hgtr,
the subject should be in the broad, open sun-
light, but the camera must not. The sun should
be behind the back or over the shoulder of the
operator. If it shines directly into the lens it will
blur and fog the picture.
Special instructions for making portraits indoors
are given on page 34.
Use
Stop U.S.8 and Speed
25
For all ordinary outdoor work, such as street
scenes,
nearby views, etc., when the subject is in
!lr" bright sunshine, use stop IJ.S. 8 and speed 25.
If a smaller stop is used for ordinary snapshots,the
light will be so much reduced that it rn'illnot suf-
ficiently impress the image on the film, and failure
rvill result.
In views at the seashore
and on the water, when
the sunlight on the subject is unusually strong and
there are no heavy shadows, stop Il.S. 16 and ipeed
50 should be used.
l4
Focus on the Subject
Pull up the lever on the f
ront of the camera,
at the winding end, see Fig. 1. This unlocks the
bed of the camera. Then pull the lever foru'ard
and push down the bed of the camera.
Fig. 1. Opening the Front.
At the front of the camera bed and at one side
there is a focusing scale which is to be used for
focusing the camera. The focusing scale has three
slots, marked 8, 25 and 100feet.
NorB-The focusing scale is marked both for feet and for
meters and care should be taken not to confuse them.
It is not necessarv to estimate the distance with
more than approximate accuracy; for instance, if
the focus is seC
at the slot marked 25 feet (the usual
distance for ordinary street work), everything from
about 15 feet to about 50 feet will be in good focus.
When the camera is focused in this manner, it may
be used as a regular fixed-focus camera, providing
lever B, controlling the stops, is placed at U.S. 8.
Where the principal object is nearby or at a great
distance, the focus should be changed accordingly.
For distant views, set the focus with the indicator
15
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#
in the slot marked 100 feet. and when the subiect
is about 8 feet from the lens. set the indicatoi in
the slot marked 8 feet. When the subiect is close
to the lens, then use a Kodak Portrait Attachment,
seepage 35, or use a small stop opening, see table
below.What Depth of Focus Means
Suppose that the lens is used at its full opening,
U.S. 4, and the focus is set at eight feet, an object
eight feet distant will be sharp, but objects seven
and ten feet distant will not be sharp. Stop the
lens down to U.S. 16 and those objects each side of
the exact point of focus will increase in sharpness.
Go farther and use stop U.S. 64, and everything
from about five feet and one-quarter to about seven-
teen feet will be sharp.
It will'thus be seen that the smaller the stop the
greater the depth of focus, that is, the greater the
power of the lens to define sharply, at the same
time, objects nearer the camera and farther from
the camera than the principal object in the picture,
which, of course, is the object focused upon. But
it is obvious that with the small stops the exposure
must be correspondingly increased.
The following table will be a help in finding
the range of sharp definition or depth of focus when
the No. 2-A Folding Autographic Brownie Camera
(when it is fitted with the Rapid Rectilinear Lens)
is focused with different stops:
u.s.
4 u.s.8 u.s. 16 u.s.32 u.s.64
u.s.4
u.s,g
u.s.
16
u.s.32
u.s.64
COPYRIGHT 1922, gY EASTMAN KODAK CO.
Diaphragms
The diaphragms, sometimes called stops, should
be used as follows:
U.S. 4-For instantaneous exposures
on slightly cloudy days,
use speed 25; also for portraits out of doors, when the sun
is shining,see
page 14.
U.S. 8-For ordinary outdoor work, such as street scenes,
nearby views, etc., when the subject is in bright sunshine,
usespeed
25.
U.S. 16-For open views, etc., when the sunlight on the
subject is unusually strong and there are no heavy shad-ows,
such as views at the seashore,and on the water, use speed 50;
for ordinary landscapes, in bright sunshine, rvith clear sky
overhead, use speed 25; also for Interior Time Exposures,
the time for which is given in the table on pages 32 and 33.
U.S. 32-For instantaneous exposures of extremely distant
views. marine. snow scenes and clouds, in bright sunshine,
use speed25; also for Time Exposures.
U.S. 64-For Time Exposures Outdoors in cloudy weather.
Neaerfor instantaneoils ex|osures. The exposure required for
time exposures on cloudy days with smallest stop will range
This diagram shows the
actual sizes of the stop
openings or diaphragms of
the shutter used on the
No. 2-A Folding Autogra-
phic Brownie, when the
camera is fitted with the
Rapid Rectilinear Lens.
It clearly shows the rel-
ative sizes of the various
stop openings and the
difference between their
areas.
.l
V
o
o
o
o
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J
Distance I
Focused I
Upon .l RANGE OF SHARPNESS
Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft.
"Inf." is the abbreviation for Infinity-meaning an infini
distance from the lens.
to Inf.l2l to Inf. I 17to Inf.l 12to
%to68 lll% to Inf. |
|| to Inf.l 9 to
ro9%l 6% to lo%l 6 to 13 l5/a to
5
I
to Inf. | 2
to46 ll
ro9%|
100
Ft. 135
25Ft. lt7
%
8Ft. | 7% {
Inf
Inf
t7
#
16 t7
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from one second to eight seconds, according to the light, see
page 36. The smaller the stop the sharper the picture, see
page 16.
Total failure will be the result, if the smallest stop (U.S.64)
is used for instantaneous exposures.
NorB-In all the instructions in this manual where the
subject is out of doors, the exposures given are calculated for
hours from 2/2 hours after sunrise until 2/z hours before sun-
set. If earlier or later the time required will be longer. For
objects in the shadow, under porches or under trees, no accurate
directions can be given; experience only can teach the proper
exposure to give.
Drawing Out the Front
Draw out the front of the camera bv means of
the round post on the slide plate, to the ilot marked
for the distance desired, 8, 25 or 100 feet, and the
camera will be in focus for the distance at which
you place the catch. Fig. 2.
The catch or locking device is on the left side at
the bottom of the front standard. To set the focus.
Fig. 2
Drawing out the Front.
press the lever, and draw out the front of camera
to the division marked for the distance desired.
How to Use the No. 2-A Folding Autographic
Brownie as a Fixed Focus Camera
SBr Focus Ar 25 FBBI.
IJsB SpBBo 25.
SBr DrnpnnAGM AT IJ.S. S.
By following the above suggestions this camera
can be used as a fixed focus camera, with the addi-
tional advantage of being instantly convertible
to a focusing camera when conditions call for it.
It must be remembered, however, that when using
this camera as a fixed focus type, it is necessary
that the subject be in bright sunlight, in order
to obtain a fully timed exposure.
The range of sharpness when the camera is ad-
justed asabove will be found in the table on page 16.
Explanation
A lens is often spoken of as having a fixed focus.
There is no such thing as a fixed focus lens, but
in certain cameras, 3
% i 4/ and smaller (equipped
with short focus lenses),the lens is immovabie, -that
ir, qet at ,a distance that is a compromise, as to
its focus, between far and near points. A camera
with a lens so focused, used in cbmbination with a
relatively small stop, is designated a fixed focus
camera. Using the Finder
Point the lens at the object to be photographed
and locate the image in the finder which is placed
on the front of the camera.
For a vertical exposure hold the camera as shown
in Fig. 3, page 20. For a horizontal picture the
camera must be held as in Fig. 4, page 20, turning
the finder as indicated.
18 19
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Fig.
Hold the camera steady,-hold it level as shown
in illustrations, and press
the push-pin of the cable
release. This makes the exposure.
Always look into the finder from directly over
it, not at an ongle. The finder gives the scope of
view and shows a facsimile of the picture as it will
appear, but on a reduced scale.
It will be noticed that the top of the finder is
notched, as shown in Fig. 5. This is done so that
the one finder will correctly show the view included
r,r,'henthe camera is held in either the vertical or
the horizontal position.
\IIEW INCLUDED WHEN VIEW INCLUDED WHEN
N{AKING A VERTICAL MAKING A HORIZONTAL
PICTURE. PICTURE.
Fig.5
Remember that only the view included within
the rvhite area of the diagrams will shou- in the
prcture.
Fie.
6
Fig. 6 shows how to hold the camera when mak-
i.g an exposure without the use of the cable re-
lease. Hold the bed of the camera firmly with the
left hand, steady it with the right and with the
thumb of the right hand press the exposure lever.
2l
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(,
Important
When making instantaneous exposures with
any camera, hold it firmly against the body as
shown in illustrations. When operating the
cable release or pushin$ down the exposure
lever, hold the breath for the instant-
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Hold the Camera Level
f'he camera must be held level.
If an attempt is made to photograph a tall build-
ing while standing near it, by poTtrtingthe cameia
u.pwards (thinking to center it), the rlsult will be
sirnilar to Fig. 7
. -
Effect
produced
ilr;*;,L,"*
thecarnera.
when rnaking thi:. picture the camera was pointed
ypwards. This building should have been taken
from a building opposjtg, and at a level .orr".ponJ-
ing with the mldcile
of the subject.
The operator should hold the camera leael,after
withdrawing to a proper distance, as indicated by
the image sh,own
in the finder.
If the object is low, like a small child or a dog,
the camera should be held down level with the
center of the object.
The Autographic Feature
The Autographic Brownie has a spring-door on
the back covering a narrow slot through which the
u'riting is done upon the red paper. The slot has
an automatic safety spring border which pressesthe
papers into contact with the back of the film when
the door is open, thus securing the sharp printing
of the irnage of the writing. This slot is placed so
that normally the writing comes between the ex-
posures.
The Autographic Record as a Guide
Many amateurs have distinctly improved the
quality of their work by rnaking notes, at the time
of exposure,
of the prevailing conditions, as: Bright
light, | 125 sec., stop IJ.S.8, which can be easily
abbreviated to: B, 1125, 8. By keeping such
records the amateur can quickly find the causesof
failure, if any. By comparing negatives and
records he will soon get a line on his errors and
u,hen he knows what his errors are, he can easily
correct them. It is obvious that the best way to
nrake these records is autographically-on thefil*,
at the time.
24
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4lh, B,toorh Taritt 6'.e,C, if*Afit
tsa^d. Cctnqn:l
,@ PK, "lrllf
T{ood,r&Je, Pqr. th I ti-0,eg p.ttL.
trwqu eaenrA 0ralfr,t f iodlto ,ltoW
€,rn{are,r-
,Ctu.te-€*par, fcrs fuorlg
Tntnnrrg
fbaa, $l f'u$fl1 O^rt,
, *lfl.l'fl'
AUTOGRAPHIC RtrCORDS
The Method
The Autographic Records above are merely to
suggest a few of the thousand and one ways in
which these may be used to add value to your
negatives.
Fig. 9
Position of stylus when writing record data on
Autographic Film used in Autographic Brownie.
After the picture is taken, lift up the spring-
door on the back of the camera with the thumb
(Fig. 8). Use the stylus, held in as upright a posi-
tion as is convenient (Fig.9), and write on the strip
of exposed
red paper any memorandum desired,such
as the title of the picture, the date, or details in
regard to the exposure,light, stops, etc.
To $et a clear impression, press firmly on
both the up and down strokes. While writing
or afterwards the sun should not be allowed
to shine upon the paper. The action of the
stylus permits the light to record the writing upon
the film. After finishing the writing the door should
be left open for the printing, i. accordance with
the following table:
Expose to the sk!, but not to the sun:
our oF DooRS .torl*?3o'li*oo*
BRTLLTANT
LrcHT 2 to 5 Seconds 5 to 7Seconds
DULL
LrcHr 5 to 10 Seconds 10
to 15 Seconds
"\,
ilI
L,
il
27
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Expose to Artif,cial Light:
IxcrxoESCENT ErBcrntc Ltcut, distance two
inches,30 to 60 seconds.
Wnrsnacn Ge.sLtcut, distance six inches, 30 to
60 seconds.
Close the spring-door before winding the next
sectionof film into place.
Caution: To placethe writing accurately in the
spacebetu'een
the negatives it is important that the
film should be turned so that the exposure number
is in the center of the red window in the back of
the Brownie.
Turn a new section of film into position:
Press in slightly on the winding key in the top of
the camera,and turn it slowly to the left, until the
next number appears in the red window. Three or
four turns will be sufficient to accomplish this. See
Fig. 10. The warning index hand appears only
before No. 1 of each roll of film.
Repeat these operations for each picture.
Fig. 10
Turning a new section of film into position.
28
Itnportant-when you have made the exposure on the last
section of the film and have made the autographic record of
it, turn the winding key of the Brownie until the letter A appears
in the center of the window in the back of the camera. Raise
wrote on the red paper.
Time Exposures-Interiors
Diagram, showing positions for Camera.
Placethe camera in such a position that the finder
will include the view desired. The di.g;;; ;h;;,
the proper positions for the camera.
" It should
tgt .
b." poiltgq directly. at a window, os the glare
of light will blur the picture. If all'the *i"8o*.
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cannot be avoided, pull down the shades
of such as
come within range of the camera.
Fig. 11 shows the camera in position for a vertical
exposure. The camera also has tripod sockets and
may be usedon a tripod.
Fig.
11
To rnake a horizontal time exposure without the
use of a tripod, pull down the same lever at the
front of the bed of the camera, that was used for
the support when taking a vertical exposure and
placethe camera in the position as shown in Fig. 12.
Adjust the shutter for a Time Exposure, as de-
scribed on page 13.
All being ready, press the push-pin of the cable
release,
or pressthe exposure lever, once to open and
again to close the shutter. Time the exposure by
a watch.
Fis. 12
Another Method
Another method of making short time exposures,
which has much to recommend it, is as follows:
Hold the hand or a card close to the front of
the camera, so as to cover the lens and exclude all
light (Fig. 13, page 32). Push down the exposure
lever to open the shutter; remove the hand and
give the proper exposure; replace the hand in front
of the lens and again press the lever to close the
shutter.
Caution: If using the hand be careful not to
touch the lens or it will leave a mark.
Some experiencedamateurs prefer this method as
it practically does away with all danger of jarring
the camera during exposure, and thus blurring the
picture.
Turn the Winding Key: After making the
autographic record, pressin slightly on the winding
k"y and turn the next section of film into position,
as described on page 28.
The camera is now
Exposure. ready for the next Interior
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Follow the directions given for each successive
exposure.
When the last Interior Exposure is made, adjust
the shutter for an Instantaneous Exposure, see
page 12.
ExposureTable for Interiors
The following table gives the approximate tirne
of the exposure required under varying conditions
of light. The time given in the table is with stop
IJ.S.
16in the lens. If stop U.S.8 is used,give one-
half the time; with stop I-I.s.
4 give one-fourth the
time; with stop IJ.S.
32 give twice the time; and if
stop U.S. 64 is used, give four times the exposures
given in the table. The smaller the stop the sharper
the picture, see page 16. Stop IJ.S. 1
6 gives the
best average results for Interiors:
WrurB Warls ANDMonB THaN ONB Wrxoow:
bright sun outside, 4 seconds;
hazy sun, 10 seconds;
cloudy bright, 20 seconds;
cloudy dull, 40 seconds.
WnrrB Wnrls AND
ONt-v OxB Wrxoow:
bright
sun
outside,
6seconds;
hazy sun, 15 seconds;
cloudy bright, 30 seconds;
cloudy dull, 60 seconds.
MBoruu ColonBo Walrs AND H,q.xcrxcs AND
MonB THIN OxB WrNoow:
bright sun outside, 8 seconds;
hazy sun, 20 seconds;
cloudy bright, 40 seconds;
cloudy dull, 80 seconds.
MBoruu CoronBo Warr-s AND
Hexcrxcs ANDOxrv
OxB WrNoow:
bright sun outside, 12 seconds;
hazy sun, 30 seconds;
cloudy bright, 60 seconds;
cloudy dull, 120 seconds.
Drnx ColonBo WaILS AND He.xcrxcs AND MonB
Tnax ONB Wrxoow:
bright
sun
outside,
20
seconds;
hazy sun, 40 seconds;
cloudy bright, 80 seconds;
cloudy dull, 2 minutes, 40 seconds.
Danx CoronBo War.r-s AND Hawcrxcs AND Oxrv
OxB WrNoow:
bright
sunoutside,
40
seconds;
hazy sun, 80 seconds;
cloudy bright, 2 minutes, 40 seconds;
cloudy dull, 5 minutes, 20 seconds.
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