Leading Edge fortiva 5000 User manual

TM
ortiva
System User's
· Manual

First Edition: August 1994
Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of
Leading Edge Products, Inc. The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreementor
nondisclosure agreement.
The software may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of the agreement. It
is against the law to copy Microsoft's MS·DOS Disk Operating System on disk, or on any other medium for the
purpose other
than the purchaser's personal use.
Microsoft
MS-DOS Operating System
Copyright© 1981-1994 Microsoft Corporation
Copyright© 1985-1994 Leading Edge Products, Inc.
Copyright© 1985-1994 Phoenix Technologies Ltd.
Fortiva
and Aviva are trademarks and Leading Edge and logo, and WinPro are registered trademarks of Leading
Edge Products, Inc. Microsoft, MS, MS-DOS, MS Windows, and QBASIC are registered trademarks of Microsoft
Corporation.
IBM and PSI 2 are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation.
This Operator's Guide is copyright© 1994 by Leading Edge Products, Inc. Printed in Korea
Send comments on this guide: cIo Publications Department 117 Flanders Road, Westborough, MA 01581
or;
via MCI ELECTRONIC Mail: 431-1049
Warning: Changes or modifications to this unit not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance
could void
the user's authority to operate the equipment.
Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to
Part
15 of the FCC Rules. These rules are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a
residential installation.
This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed
and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
However, there
is noguarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does
cause
harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off
and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:
• Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.
• Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.
• Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that which the receiver is needed.
• Consult your dealer or an experienced radioI TV technician.
Shielded interface cables must be used with this product.
Caution: This system uses a lithium battery to provide battery backup for the internal clock. There is a danger of
explosion if this battery is incorrectly replaced. Replace this battery with either the same or an equivalent type of
battery that is recommended by the manufacturer. Discard used batteries according to the manufacturer's
instructions.
Attention: ly y a danger d' explosion s'il y a replacement incorrect de la batterie. Rem placer uniquement avec
unebatterie
du meme type ou d'un type recommande' par le constructur. Mettre au re'but les batteries
usage'esconformemnt
aux instructions du fabricant.
Caution: For continued proctection against risk of fire, replace the Keyboard IMouse fuse with the same type and
rating of fuse.

FCC Requirements
This equipment complies with Part 68 of the FCC rules. On the back side of this equipment is a label that contains,
amongother information, the FCC registration number
and RingerEquivalenceNumber (RENJ for this equipment.
You must, upon request, provide this information to your telephone company.
The REN is useful to determine the quantity of devices you may connect to yourtelephone line and still have all of
those devices ringwhen your telephone number is called. In most, but not all areas, the sum of the REN's of all
devices connected to one line should not exceed five (5.0).
To be sure of the number of devices you may connect to your
line;
as determined by the REN, you should contactyourlocal telephone company to determine the ma.1Cimum REN
for yourcalling area. If your telephone equipmentcauses harm to the telephone network, the Telephone company may
discontinue your service temporarily. If possible, they will notifyyou in advance. But if advance notice isn'tpractical,
you will be notifwd as soon as possible. You will be informed of your right to fue a complaint with the FCC.
Your telephone company may make changes in its facilities equipment, operations, or procedure that could affect the
proper functioning
of your equipment. If they do, you will be notifwd in advance to give you an opportunity to
maintain uninterrupted telephone service.
If you experience trouble with this equipment, please contact the following address and phone number for
information on obtainingservice or repairs.
LeadingEdge Products, Inc.
117 Flanders
Road
Westborough, MA 01581
Tel. No. [phone]
The telephone company may ask thatyou disconnect thisequipment from the network until the problem has been
corrected or
until you are sure that the equipment is notmalfunctioning. This equipment may not be usedon coin
service provided bythe telephone company. Connection to party lines is subject to state tariffs.
Notice: The Canadian Department of Communications label identifies certified equipment. This certifu:ation means
that the equipmentmeets certain telecommunications networkprotective, operational and safetyrequirements. The
Departmentdoes notguarantee the equipment will operate to the user's satisfaction.
Before installingthisequipment, users should insure that it ispermissible to be connected to the facilities of the local
telecommunications company. The equipment must also be installed using an acceptable method of connection. In
some cases, the company's inside wiringassociated with a single line individual service may be extended by means of
a certified connectorassembly (telephone extension cord). The customer should be aware that compliance with the
above conditions
may not prevent degradation of service in some situations.
Repairs to certified equipment should be made by an authorized Canadian maintenance facility designated by.the
supplier.
Any repairs or alterations made by the user to this equipment, or equipmentmalfunctions, may give the
telecommunications company cause to request the user to disconnect the equipment.
Users should ensure for theirown protection that the electricalground connections of the power utility, telephone
lines,
and internal metallic waterpipe system, if present, are connected together. This precaution may be particularly
important in rural areas.
Caution: Users should not attempt to make such connections themselves, but should contact the appropriate electric
inspection authority, or electrician, as appropriate.
The
Load Number (LN) assigned to each terminal device denotes the percentage of the total load to be connected to
a telephone loop which is used bythe device to prevent overloading. The termination of a loop may consist of any
combination of devices subject only to the requirement that the total of the Load Numbers of all the devices does not
exceed 100. Refer to the label placedon the circuit board for Load Number information.

Leading Edge Help: Where to TURN
Manuals
The following manuals are included with your Fortiva Series 5000
Personal Computer:
• Leading Edge Getting Started Guide -Read this guide first. It
includes information about unpacking and setting up your
computer.
It also describes some oftlie basic hardware and software
features ofyour system.
• User's Guide- This User's Guide serves as an introduction to the
Leading Edge Fortiva 5000 Personal Computer. It describes the
computer in detail, contains information on how to set up your
system
and get it running, and provides the technical information
you will needto
add accessories.
• MS-DOS Manual- This manual details the technical features of
MS-DOS. It includes explicit information on each command
available
in the operating system. Other chapters include
information on batch file processing, system configuration features,
the editor, the shell, and other utilities.
• MS-Windows Manual -This guide explains how to use the
MS-Windows graphical interface. It describes the basic
fundamentals ofMS-Windows, such
as using a mouse to select icons
and activate programs. It also describes the other features of
MS-Windows including its word processor, drawing program, and
communications software.
• Video Utilities Manual -This manual explains how to configure
and operate your Leading Edge VGA board. It explains how to
adjust the resolution settingofyour system to work with any
monitor you may use with your Leading Edge computer.
NOTE: Some LeadingEdge systems come with a combined version of
the MS-DOS and MS-Windows manuals.

ii
Technical Support
• Phone -Leading Edge provides free phone supportfor systems
under warranty as well as standard phone support for older
systems.
To find which services are available to you, refer to your
warranty certificate as well as your Leading Edge Getting Started
Guide. The Getting Started Guide and the Leading Edge Windows
Online Help Program also contain Leading Edge's Technical
Support phone numbers.
• Online- If your computer is equipped with a modem, Leading
Edge Technical support canbe reachedthrough a
number ofonline
services.
To find outwhich services are available to you, referto
your Leading Edge Getting Started Guide and the LeadingEdge
Windows Online Help Program.
• On and off Site Repair- Leading Edge also provides various
levels ofon site
and offsite repair service. To find outwhich services
are available for your system, refer to your warranty certificate.

iii
About This Guide
This User's Guide is an introduction to the Leading Edge Fortiva 5000
Personal Computer. It explains everythingyou need to know in order
to
set up and use the computer. It is organized in the following manner:
Chapter 1 highlights the features of the computer as well as
optional devices you can add to your system.
Chapter 2 describes how to connect the components of the computer
and how to start the system. Also, a brief introduction to floppy disks
and disk drives is provided.
Chapter 3 provides an introductionto MS-DOS, the operating
system software program
that controls the computer's operations; and
MS-Windows, the graphical user interface that makes the computer
easier to operate.
Chapter 4 explains how to use the SETUP programto configure
your system
so that all devices are compatible.
Chapter 5 outlines troubleshooting solutions for situations that
may arise duringinstallation or normal use of the computer.
Chapter 6 explains how to move the Fortiva 5000 Personal
Computer.
Appendix A provides a basic explanation ofhow a computer uses
memory
and address assignments, as well as details the Fortiva 5000
Personal Computer's usage ofmemory, ports, and interrupts.
Appendix B explains how to install and configure optional and
upgrade components including more memory, a CPU, and additional
disk drives.
Appendix C lists the features and technical specifications of the
Fortiva 5000 Personal Computer.

~.~ ..
. )';~- .. '!·
iv

Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 System Features ..................................... 1
Hardware Componen-ts·················-··············-······················-··········-··········-S
System Unit ..................................................................................................... a
Keyboard.......................................................................................................... 12
Monitor ·····-··············-··-··············-··-··-······-··-······-··-··-··-······-··-··-··-··-··-14
Mouse·········-··············-··········-··-··-··········-··-··-······-··-··-··········-··-··-······-···· 15
Software····-··················-··············-··············-··-··················-··········-··-······-··- 15
MS-DOS .......................................................................................................... 16
MS-Windows.................................................................................................... 16
Options ··-··············-··············-··············-··············-··-··············-························16
Memory ............................................................................................................ 17
Math Coprocessor............................................................................................ 17
Printer ............................................................................................................. 17
Tape Backup Drive.......................................................................................... 17
Modem, FaxModem orVoice Modem............................................................ 18
CD-ROM Drive ................................................................................................ 18
CHAPTER 2 Starting the System ................................ 19
Selecting a Site For Your Computer ...........................................................21
Unpacking the System Components ...........................................................21
Connecting the System Components ..........................................................21
Connecting a Printer (optional) ..................................................................23
Switching the Voltage Setting -··············-···············-··-··········-··-··-··········-23
Turning the System On ..................................................................................24
Self- Test Diagnostics ......................................................................................24
Video Display Adjustments ............................................................................25
Hot Key Functions ...........................................................................................25

vi
R.esetting the Computer ..................................................................................26
CPU Speeds······-··················································-··········-··············-················26
Floppy-Disk Drives and Floppy Disks ........................................................ 27
Floppy-Disk Drives..........................................................................................27
Floppy DiskTypes...........................................................................................27
Write-Protectinga Floppy Disk ....................................................................29
Handling Floppy Disks ..................................................................................31
Backing up your software...............................................................................32
CHAPTER 3 MS-DOS and
M~-\Afirld()~!; .............................................................. ~~
OperatingSystems·········-······································································-········35
Display Interfaces ............................................................................................35
MS-DOS Basics ········-··············-··-··········-··-······-······-··············-··················-37
Installing the MS-DOS Program....................................................................37
CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT ............................................................38
MS-DOS Commands .......................................................................................40
The MS-DOS Prompt......................................................................................42
The Active Drive..............................................................................................42
Changing
the Active Drive .............................................................................42
Resetting
the System......................................................................................43
Turning Off the System..................................................................................43
MS- Windows ........·-··········-··················-··················-······························-··-···· 44
InstallingMS-Windows ..................................................................................44
Usinga Mouse with Windows ........................................................................44

vii
CHAPTER 4 SETUP ··~~-~~~~· ..... 11.111111 ........ ............. ~~············ •••••••• 47
Running SETUP······················-······································-································49
Standard System Parameters ·-··-··················-··················-··········-············51
SystemTime.................................................................................................... 51
System Date..................................................................................................... 51
Diskette A........................................................................................................ 52
Diskette B........................................................................................................ 53
Hard Disk !. .....................................................................................................53
Hard Disk 2...................................................................................................... 53
BaseMemory................................................................................................... 54
Extended Memory ........................................................................................... 54
Video Card....................................................................................................... 54
Keyboard.......................................................................................................... 55
CPUSpeed....................................................................................................... 55
Boot RECORD Protect.................................................................................... 56
Password.......................................................................................................... 56
Quick Boot ....................................................................................................... 58
Boot Sequence..............................................................................
,................... 59
NumLock On
at Boot ...................................................................................... 59
Sys'tem Feature Control.......................................·-··················-····················59
BIOS ROM Cacheable..................................................................................... 59
Video ROM Cacheable ...................................................................... ._ ............60
Shadow Memory Options...............................................................................•60
Keyboard Rate................................................................................................. 61
Keyboard Delay ...............................................................................................61
Internal Cache Enabled..................................................................................61
External Cache Enabled................................................................................. 61
NonCache 0 Size..............................................................................................62

viii
NonCache 0 Base.............................................................................................62
NonCache 1 Size..............................................................................................62
NonCache 1 Base.............................................................................................62
DRAM Wait State ............................................................................................63
Parity Check....................................................................................................64
Peripheral Device and Power Saving Control ••••••••• ~······-··············-········64
Internal FDC ...................................................................................................64
Parallel Mode...................................................................................................64
Parallel Port.....................................................................................................
65
Serial Port 1 (DB-9) .........................................................................................65
Serial Port 2 (DB-25).......................................................................................65
Hard Disk Standby..........................................................................................65
System Standby...............................................................................................66
Error
messages .......·-··-······································-··················-··-··-··········-··- 66
Ending the SETUP Program ···························-··················-··-··············-··- 67
CHAPTER 5 Troubleshooting ......·................................ 69
Hardware or Software?·································································-··-············71
Nonnal Start-up Responses·································-········································71
General TroubleshootingCheck list ·········································-··············-72
Check Connections ..........................................................................................72
Check the Power..............................................................................................73
System Troubleshooting···············-······················-··-··················-················ 78
Other ErrorMessages..................................................................................... 75
MonitorTroubleshooting·····································-······················-······-········76
Printer Troubleshooting................................................................................78
Preparing Your Computer for Servicing ·····························-···················· 79

ix
CHAPTER 6 Moving the Fortiva 5000........................ 81
Moving the Sys'tem ········-··-··············-··-······-··-··-··-··-··-··-··········-··-········83
Setting Up Again ............................................................................................84
APPENDIX A Memory and
Device
Address Assignments .................................. 85
The Bin.arySys'tem ················-··············-··················-··············-··········-········ 87
Why the Binary System? ................................................................................ 87
Memoey -··············-··············-··-··········-··-··················-··········-··-··-······-··-···· 89
Active Memory ................................................................................................ 89
Read OnlyMemory ......................................................................................... 90
Memory Mapping ...........................................................................................90
Memory Managers .......................................................................................... 91
Memory Addressing........................................................................................ 94
Addresses ·-··-······-··-··········-··-··············-··-··-··········-··-······-··-··-··-··-··-··- 96
Ports ................................................................................................................ 96
Interrupt Requests .........................................................................................98

X
APPENDIX BOptions..................................................1 01
Configuration Jumpers ..................................................................................103
Connectors···········································-··································-··············-········1 06
AddingSystem Memoey····-··-··············-··············-··············-··-····················107
Adding Memory Using SIMMs....................................................................... 108
Upgrading the CPU ..........................................................................................111
.Adding
Cache Memory ....................................................................................113
-Adding
an Expansion Board ..........................................................................115
Configuring
an Expansion Board................................................................... ll6
Adding an 110 Port ...........................................................................................116
Adding Storage Devices ..................................................................................117
APPENDIX C Fortiva 5000 Features .......................... 123
GLOSSARY .................................................................. 129
INDEX .......................................................................... 147

System Features
This chapter contains
information about:
CHAPTER 1
• The standard hardware components of the Fortiva 5000
Personal Computer
• The standard software that comes with your system
• Optional devices available for upgrading the Fortiva 5000
Personal Computer

2

Cha ter 1 3
Before you set up your FortivaSeries 5000 Personal Computer, you
shouldbecome familiar
with its components.
NOTE: Appendix C contains a complete list of the Fortiva 5000
Personal Computer's features and technical specifications. If
you have any further questions about your computer's
components
and capabilities, or operational procedures,
consult your authorized Leading Edge dealer. For
the name of
a dealer
in your area, call1-800-874-3340.
Hardware Components
As illustrated in Figure 1-1, the Fortiva 5000 Personal Computer
consists ofthree
main components:
• System unit ·
• Monitor (display)
• Keyboard
System Unit
The system unit is the electronic center of the Fortiva 5000 Personal
Computer, housing all
the circuitry and hardware elements that run
the computer. Most components of the system unit are modular,
making upgrades
an easy process.
CPU
At the heart of the Fortiva 5000 Personal Computer is the central
processing
unit (CPU). It is located on the system board(Figure B-2).
This
is a 32-bit computer with 32-bit registers and a 32-bit data path,
allowing
it to process information faster than 16-bitsystems. It can
accommo~te large diskstorage capacities, as well as run several
programs
at the same time (multi-tasking).

4 Hardware Components
Display monitor
Keyboard
Figure 1-1 Fortiva 5000 Personal Computer
The Fortiva 5000 Personal Computer's CPU is located on the system
board
and caneasilybe removed and inser,ted. This makes upgTading
the CPUa verysimple process. Options include the 486 processors.
Refer to Appendix B to
learn how to upgTade the CPU.
Storage Devices
· A storage device is used to hold data used or created by the computer.
These include fixed-disk drives, floppy-disk drives,
tape backup drives,
and CD ROM drives. The Fortiva 5000 Personal Computer comes with
four drive bays (slots in which a storage device can be inserted).
• One vertical 3112" (1" height) external bay- Can hold a
3%" floppy- or fixed-disk drive.
• Two 5114" (1.625''height) external bays- Can hold 5114" and 3112"
fixed- and floppy-disk, CD ROM, or tape backup drives.
• One 3112" (l''height) internal bay- Can hold a 3112" fixed-disk
drive.

Po wer on LED
Power switch
HOD in u se LED Turbo LED
Reset button
Figure 1-2 Front panel
5 l/4" Floppy drive
(optiona l)
Cha ter 1 5
3 112" Vertical floppy disk drive
The Fortiva 5000 comes standard with a 3lfz" floppy-disk drive in th e
vertical bay.
Depending on the system you have purchased , your Fortiva 5000
Personal Computer contains one or more of the following storage
devices.
• Fixed disk (also called hard disk) -A fixed disk is a device on
which large amounts of the computer's data can be stored. Th e
amount depends on the capacity of the disk (usually mea s ured in
megabytes- MB). A fixed disk's capacity can range from 20MB up
to over 1 gigabyte,
with larger fixed disks currently being develop ed .
Refer to
the MS-DOS Manual for general information aoout fixed
disks. Refer
to Chapter 4 and Appendix B for information about
installing a fixed-disk drive.
• Floppy-disk drive- A floppy disk is a smaller, portable version of
a fixed disk.
Information can be copied to a nd from a floppy disk.
The disk can then be removed and insert ed into other compatible
floppy-disk driv
es including tho se on other computers. Th e Fortiva
5000 Personal Computer can use 5%" and 3l!z" floppy-disk drives.

6 Hardware Components
CAUTION: The locking latch on a 5%" floppy-disk drive will not
close unless a disk is in the drive. Attemptingto
force the latch closed when the drive is empty will
damage the drive and void the warranty.
The amount ofinformation
that can be stored on a floppy disk
depends on
the capacity of the disk usually measured in kilobytes
(KB) ormegabytes (MB). Most floppy disk's capacities range from
360 KB to 1.44 MB. Refer to your MS-DOS Manualfor general
information aboutfloppy disks
and floppy-disk drives. Refer to
Chapter4 and Appendix B for information aboutinstallinga
floppy-disk drive.
Memory
Information usedto run the computer is stored"in memory." The
Fortiva5000 Personal Computer comes
with the following types of
memory:
• Main memory- 4 MB ofrandom access memory (RAM). This
memory can be expandedto 64
MB by addingSIMMs (single in-line
memory modules) onto
the system board (also called the
motherboard).
• Internal cache RAM- 8 KB ofinternal cache memory.
• External cache RAM- Sockets on the system boardto add 64,
128, or 256
KB ofexternal (secondary) cache RAM.
• Shadow RAM- System BIOS and Video BIOS ROM that canbe
configured
in RAM.
• Expanded memory- LIM EMS 4.0 by software.
To learn more about memory, refer to Appendix A and the MS-DOS
Manual. For instructions on addingmemoryto the system, refer to
Chapter 4 and appendices A and B.

Cha terl 7
Power Supply
The Fortiva 5000 Personal Computer can be powered by using either
115 or 230 volts. The default settingis 115. Refer to Chapter 2 for
instructions on changing
the computer's voltage setting.
Ports
Ports are usedto connect electrical power and phone lines, and
peripheral devices (vrinter, externalkeyboard, external monitor,
mouse, etc.) to
the Fortiva 5000 Personal Computer.
• Serial ports- Located on t}:le back panel (Figure 1-3), the two
RS-232C (one 9-pin and one 25-pin male) serial ports can be used to
connect accessory devices. Labeled "Serial1" and "Serial2," they are
often usedto add external modems, network adapters, serial
printers, plotters,
and optical scanners. Refer to Chapter 4 and
appendices A and B for information about configuring the serial port
addresses.
• Parallel port- Located on the back panel (Figure 1-3), the 25-pin
(female) Centroi:rics parallel port (labeled"Parallel") can be usedto
coun~r.t the systemto a parallel printer, a network, or an external
disk drive. Refer to
Chapter 4 and appendices A and B for
information
about configuring the parallel port address.
• Monitor port- Located on the back panel (Figure 1-3), the 15-pin
(male)
VGA monitor port can be used to connect a video displayto
the Fortiva 5000 Personal Computer. Refer to Chapter 2 for
instructions on connecting
the monitor to the computer.
• Keyboard port- Located on the back panel(Figure 1-3), the 6-pin
(female) PS/2 port(labeled "KBD") can be usedto connect a
keyboard. The long cord lets you move the keyboard freely around
your desktop to a comfortable working position.
For instructions on
connecting a keyboard, refer to
Chapter 2.