3.SettheHFCUTOFFFILTERtoFLAT.
4.SettheLOUDNESScontroltoFLAT.
5.RotatetheINPUTSELECTORtoPHONO1Sor
PHONO2Swhicheverisconnectedtothecartridge
youwishtohear.
6.SettheRECORDCOMPENSATORcontrolsto
RIAA.
7.SettheBASSandTREBLEcontrolsto0.
8.PlacetheRUMBLEFILTERpushbuttoninthe
outposition.
9.PlacetheTAPECOMPAREpushbuttonintheout
position.
10.RotatetheVOLUME(OFF-on)controltoonand
adjusttothedesiredvolume.
TOADJUSTTHEBALANCECONTROLAFTER
THE SYSTEMHASBEENBALANCED
Thebalancesettingofsomerecordswilldiffer
fromothers.Ifthesoundislouderontheleftthanon
theright,adjusttheBALANCEcontrolto.therightto
bringthesoundinto"left-to-right"balance.Ifthe
soundislouderontheright,adjusttheBALANCE
controltotheleft.
If afterbalancingyourstereosystem,youfindthat
nearlyallrecordsrequireanadjustmentoftheBAL-
ANCEcontrol,anunbalancedstereocartridgeis
probablythesourceofthiscondition.Thisisnogreat
disadvantageasitcanbecorrectedbyoffsettingoneof
thepoweramplifierinputgainsettings.Whenswitching
fromSTEREOtoREV,youwillheara changeinvolume
asa resultofthiscorrection.
ADJUSTINGFORSPECIALEFFECTS
HFCUTOFFFILTER.Ifyouwishtoreproduceold,
badlywornrecords,youcanminimizethesurfacenoise
byswitchingtheHFCUTOFFFILTERto9KCor5KC.
(Seesectionentitled"FrontPanelFacilities.")
RUMBLEFILTER.Ifyouareusinga turntableor
changerwhichhaslow-frequencyrumblenoise,you
mayreduceitbypushingtheRUMBLEFILTERpush-
buttontotheINposition.Undesirableacoustic
couplingintheverylow-frequencybassrangemayalso
bereducedinthismanner.
BASSANDTREBLE.Thetonebalancewhichyou
hearwhenlisteningtoanorchestraisaffectedbythe
conductor'sinstructionstohismusicians,theacousti-
calenvironmentinwhichyouarelistening,andyour
ownsubjectivehearinginterpretation.Eventonebal-
ancewillvarywithintheroomorhallwhereyoulisten
tothemusic.Consideringtheseconditions,itiseasyto
seewhytonebalancecontrolsplaya majorrolein
correctingthefollowingfactors:
1.Eachperson'ssubjectiveideaoftonebalance.
2.Loudspeakerfrequencyresponsecharacteristics.
3.Loudspeakerplacementinthelisteningroom.
4.Theconductor'sideaoftonebalanceatthetime
therecordingwasmade.
5.Themicrophonefrequencyresponsecharacter-
istics.
6.Therecordingprocessinfluences.
Thesefactorscanbeconsideredasenvironmental
influences.TheBASSandTREBLEcontrolsarede-
signedtoprovidea degreeofcompensationforthe
effectsofenvironment.Listentoyoursystemwitheach
controlsetatzero.Ifyouwishtoreducetreblein
relationtobass,rotatetheTREBLEcontrolcounter-
clockwiseuntilthetonebalancesoundscorrectto you.
Donotbesurprisedifyoufindyourpreferenceintone
changingfromtimetotime.Thesecontrolswillmodify
tonebalancewithoutintroducinganyundesirable
effects.
Tonebalancemaybeaccentedinthetreblerange
byrotatingtheTREBLEcontrolclockwise.Similarly
tonebalanceinthebassrangemaybemodifiedupor
downbyuseoftheBASScontrol.
RECORDCOMPENSATOR.TheRECORDCOM-
PENSATORcontrolsareusedtocorrectfortheneces-
saryprogramequalizationwhichtherecordingprocess
introduces.Recordingrequiresa changeinthedis-
tributionofintensitywithfrequency.Withoutcom-
pensationa magneticcartridgewouldsounddeficient
inthebassrangeandoverlybrightorshrillinthetreble
range.RecommendedsettingsoftheRECORDCOM-
PENSATORcontrolsoftheC20formonophonicrecords
aregiveninTable3,page12.
LOUDNESSCONTROL.Duetoa selectiveshiftin
sensitivityofthehumanhearing,musicreproduced
atverylowvolumelosesitsbassandtreble.Thefamily
ofcurvesshowingthiseffectareknownasFletcher-
Munsoncurves.(SeeFigure13.)TheLOUDNESScon-
trolontheC20correctsforthiseffect.Whenyouwish
tolistentomusicata greatlyreducedloudnesslevel
andyethearbaseandtreble,turntheLOUDNESS
controlto reduceintensity.Someusersof theC20
leavetheLOUDNESScontrolatpositions1 or2 to
correctforenvironmentalconditionssuchasloud-
speakercharacteristics,roomplacement,etc.
USINGTHEC20WITHA STEREOTUNER
AstereotunermaybeusedwiththeC20byplug-
gingtheleftandrightchannelsintoTUNERINPUT
1or2.WhentheINPUTSELECTORswitchisturnedto
theTUNERpositions,therecordcompensatorpre-
amplifierisdisconnectedandtheRECORDCOMPEN-
SATORcontrolswillnotrequireadjustment.TheMODE
SELECTORswitch,BALANCEcontrol,PHASEswitch,
LOUDNESScontrol,BASSandTREBLEcontrols,the
RUMBLEFILTER,TAPEJACKswitch,andVOLUME
(OFF-on)controlalloperateunderthisconditionand
shouldbeusedinthesamewayaswithanyother
program.
USINGTHE C20WITHA STEREOTAPEMACHINE
Astereotapemachinewithitsownplaybackpre-
amplifiersshouldbepluggedintotheTAPEINPUTS—
nottheTAPEHEADinputs.Theinformationonadjust-
ingtheC20forlisteningtoa stereotunerwillalso
applywhenlisteningtoa tapemachine.
11