Thesimplifiedblockdiagramonpage5 andthede-
tailedblockdiagramonpages20and21showhowthe
C34Vinternalcircuitsarearranged.TheC 34Vuses
separateprogramchannels(referredtoas"program
lines"inthismanual)for"listening"and"recording".
Thisallowsyoutolistentoanyprogramsourcewhile
yourecordfromanotherorthesameprogramsource.
Themodeselector,volumecontrol,loudnesscontrol,
balancecontrol,andLFandHFfiltersareinthelisten
programlineonly.Thecompandor,thefiveequalizer
frequencycontrols,andthemonitoramplifiercanbein-
dividuallyswitchedtothelistenprogramlineorthe
recordprogramline.
PHONOAMPLIFIER
Thisamplifierusesa hightechnologyintegratedcircuit
operationalamplifier.Itsdifferentialinputstagehas
beenoptimizedforlownoiseandlowdistortionperfor-
mance.Openloopgainofthisintegratedcircuitis
100,000times.Withhighopenloopgaina large
amountofnegativefeedbackisusedaroundthephono
amplifiertofurtherreducenoiseanddistortion.The
feedbacknetworkalsoprovidesprecisionRIAAfrequen-
cycompensation.Thenetworkuses1%metalfilmresis-
torsand5%polyfilmcapacitors.Toachievelownoise
performanceitisessentialthatthefeedbacknetwork
haveverylowimpedance.Asa consequence,thepre-
amplifiermustbecapableofoperatingasa power
amplifiertodrivethisimpedance.Theactualpowerout-
putcapabilityofthispreamplifierstageismorethan100
milliwatts,a greatmarginbeyondthatwhichisre-
quired.
Inputsensitivityofthephonoamplifieris2.2milli-
volts.Thegainoftheamplifieris42dBat1000Hz.The
phonoamplifierhasa verywidedynamicrange.At
1000Hzthephonoinputcircuitwillaccept100milli-
voltswithoutoverload,a voltagefargreaterthanthe
outputofanymagneticphonocartridgepresently
available.
LISTENANDRECORDSELECTORSWITCHES
Inputswitchingisaccomplishedelectronically.Signals
fromthe7 inputsconnecttotwoarraysofFieldEffect
Transistors(FET)toperformtheswitching.Control
signalsfromthelistenandrecordselectorswitchesturn
ontheappropriateFETswitchestopasstheselectedin-
putsignals.Theotherinputsignalsareblockedbythe
"off"FETswitches.EachFETswitchusestwocascaded
FETtransistorstoprovidetherequiredisolationandpre-
ventcrosstalkbetweeninputs.TheFET"on"resistance
isverylowwhichpreventsdistortion.Theswitching
transistorsarelocatedrightattheinputjacks,sothat
signalwiringiskepttoa minimumwhicheliminates
crosstalkandnoiseproblems.
LISTENPROGRAMLINE
ThelistenprogramsignalfromtheLISTENinput
switchgoestotheCOMPANDORcontrolswitching
wheretheCOMPANDORcanbeinsertedineitherthe
listenortherecordprogrampath.TheCOMPANDOR
circuitisdescribedlater.
ThelistenprogramthengoestotheLISTENEXTER-
NALProcessorjacks.WhenanEXTERNALPROCESSOR
isused,thelistenprogramleavestheC 34Vthroughthe
EXTERNALprocessorTOjackandreturnsviatheFROM
jack.Ifa processorisnotused,thesignalpassesdirectly
throughtheswitchingcontactsInthejacks.
Thevolumecontrolisnextinthelistenpath.Itisa
stepattenuatorwithlefttorighttrackingaccuracybetter
than1 dBthroughoutitsentirerange.Suchextremely
accuratematchingisachievedthroughelectronically
controlledtrimmingoftheresistancematerialdeposited
onpairsofprintedcircuitswithinthecontrol.Sincethe
switchcommutatortouchesonlycontactpadsandnot
theactualresistanceelement,trackingaccuracyisnot
degradedwithuseasinordinaryvolumecontrols.
Theloudnesscontrolanditsamplifiersfollowthevol-
umecontrol.Inthepast,loudnesscontrolshavetypi-
callybeensimplepassivecircuitsconnectedtoa tapon
thevolumecontrol.Asa consequence,compensation
accuracywasdependentonmanyvariablessuchas
volumecontrolpositionanddifferencesintheinput
level.TheC 34Vloudnesscontrolusesactivecircuitsof
anintegratedcircuitoperationalamplifierwithtwofeed-
backloops.Onehasflatfrequencyresponse,whilethe
otherhasresponseconformingtotheFletcher-Munson
equalloudnesscontours.A potentiometerisplacedbe-
tweenthesetwofeedbackloopsmakingitpossibleto
selectanycombinationofthetwo,froma flatresponse
tofullloudnesscompensation.Theoverallgainofthe
stageis20dBatmid-frequenciesandtheaveragelisten-
ingvolumeisnotaffectedbythepositionofthe
loudnesscontrol.
Thelistenprogramsignalsnextpasstothebalance
controlandthentotheequalizeramplifiercomposedof
alownoiseoperationalamplifierwithflatresponseand
unitygain.Fiveotheroperationalamplifiersarearrang-
edincircuitconfigurationsthatareequivalenttofive
seriestunedcircuits,eachatoneoftheequalizerfre-
quencies.Theseseriestunedcircuitsareinsertedvia
controlpotentiometersintoeithertheinputcircuitor
feedbackcircuitoftheequalizeramplifiertoprovidea
boostorcutcapabilityof12dBforeachequalizerband
18TECHNICALDESCRIPTION