Radian RD-30 User manual

RD-30
Portable Three-phase
Electricity Standard
Radian Research reserves the right to change
any information provided within this document
without notice. 010813-1A1
944030.B
Operations Manual
Radian Research, Inc.

RD-30 Operations Manual
Contents
3
1.0 Product Introduction ................................................. 5
1.1 Enhanced Design Features ......................................................................................... 6
1.2 Laboratory Applications ............................................................................................. 8
1.3 Test Table Applications ............................................................................................... 8
1.4 Field Testing Applications .......................................................................................... 8
1.5 Harmonic Analysis ..................................................................................................... 8
1.6 Customer Load Testing ............................................................................................... 8
1.7 Automatic Calculations ............................................................................................... 9
1.8 Software Packages ...................................................................................................... 9
1.9 Safety Design ............................................................................................................ 10
2.0 Configurations Available............................................11
2.1 Generating RD-30 Model Numbers............................................................................11
3.0 Specifications ........................................................ 14
3.1 Accuracy.....................................................................................................................14
3.2 Input/Output .............................................................................................................. 14
3.3 Normal Operating Conditions .................................................................................. 15
3.4 Influences Affecting Accuracy ................................................................................... 16
3.5 Protection ................................................................................................................. 16
3.6 Physical Description ................................................................................................. 16
4.0 Operations Overview.................................................17
4.1 Measurement Principle..............................................................................................17
4.2 Internal Reference Set........................................................................................... .....17
4.3 Output Stage ............................................................................................................. 17
4.4 Voltage and Current Inputs* ...................................................................................... 18
4.5 Auxiliary Power Inputs ..............................................................................................18
4.6 Clamp-On CT Input .................................................................................................. 19
4.7 Pulse Inputs..............................................................................................................19
4.8 Pulse Outputs ........................................................................................................... 20
4.9 Analog Sense Input................................................................................................... 20
4.10 Serial Port Communications Terminal....................................................................... 21
4.11 Pickup Terminal ....................................................................................................... 21
4.12 Chasis Ground, Guard, Neutral ............................................................................... 21
4.13 Built-in-Computer .................................................................................................... 22
4.14 Keyboard .................................................................................................................. 23
4.15 Display ..................................................................................................................... 24
4.16 RD-30 Voltage & Current Taps ................................................................................. 24

RD-30 Operations Manual
Contents
4
5.0 Service & Routine Maintenance ................................ 25
5.1 Cleaning .................................................................................................................... 25
5.2 Repair ........................................................................................................................ 25
5.3 Recalibration .............................................................................................................. 25
5.4 Fuse Replacement....................................................................................................... 26
6.0 Warranty ............................................................27
7.0 Quality ..............................................................28
8.0 Operating System & Structure....................................... 29
8.1 RD-30 Start-up Screen............................................................................................... 29
8.2 RR-MobileSuite Start-up Screen ................................................................................. 30
8.3 Configure Device........................................................................................................ 33
8.4 Metrics........................................................................................................................ 37
8.5 Harmonics................................................................................................................... 39
8.6 Trend Chart.................................................................................................................. 40
8.7 Vectors........................................................................................................................ 41
8.8 Run Meter Test............................................................................................................ 42
8.9 Run Standard Test ...................................................................................................... 46
8.10 Softkbd........................................................................................................................ 50
9.0 RD-30 System Configuration and Setup............................52
10.0 RD-Status Indicator LED .............................................53
11.0 Application Information..............................................54
11.1 Meter Testing.............................................................................................................. 54
12.0 Viewing Harmonics.................................................62
13.0 Test Accessories....................................................63
Appendix: RD Current Connector Locking Mechanism..................66
* Appendix: RD Current Connector Locking Mechanism....................................................................................... 66

RD-30 Operations Manual
Product Intoduction
5
1.0 Product Introduction
The RD-30 Portable Three-phase Electricity Standard utilizes a lightweight, compact package
while providing a high level of accuracy through design innovations. The RD-30 has a typical
accuracy of 0.01% and a maximum worst case accuracy specication of 0.04%. This specication
includes variables of stability, temperature, power factor, traceability uncertainty, and test system
errors. In addition, this accuracy applies across the entire voltage and current operating range of
the product for an entire year.
The RD-30 utilizes Radian’s new Dytronic measurement technology consisting of a Radian
designed Integrating Analog to Digital Signal Converter. The RD-30’s Dytronic A/D Converter
is combined with Radian’s renowned electronically compensated voltage and current input
transformers and a hermetically sealed reference set to provide the highest degree of accuracy,
stability and versatility offered in a portable three-phase electricity standard.
The RD-30 provides four quadrant three-phase simultaneous measurements for active, reactive,
and apparent energy and power with forward and reverse energy ow also measured. The
potential input, current input and auxiliary power input are totally autoranging. This autoranging
feature was pioneered by Radian Research and makes it impossible to damage the unit by applying
a signal to the wrong tap. The potential input range is 30 to 630 volts, the current input range is
available as either 120 amps or 200 amps per phase. The auxiliary power ranges from 60 to 630
volts.
In the eld, the RD-30 can be used with a controlled current load, or it can be used with clamp-on
current transformers available from Radian Research to perform customer load tests. In this eld
application, the optional power analysis capability can analyze customer load through the 204th
harmonic order. In addition, for improved efciency, the RD-30 optionally can automatically
calculate and display the error of the meter under test.

RD-30 Operations Manual
Product Intoduction
6
The RD-30 also provides a serial communications port which allows direct connection to the RS-
232 serial port of a personal computer. RD-30s with the Built-in Computer option come with RR-
MobileSuite software.
The RD-30 is available in a variety of models offering measurement functions and options to suit
specic needs.
1.1 EnhancedDesignFeatures
Many design features have been added or improved through the engineering process of designing
the RD-30 Dytronic. The addition of A/D and DSP technology, increased PC support and an
enhanced version of Radian’s revolutionary voltage and current transformer input design make
the RD-30 the benchmark of portable standards, second only to the RD-31 portable threephase
reference standard. The RD-30 utilizes Radian Research designed Analog/Digital circuitry
coupled with Digital Signal Processing techniques. These advancements provide a high degree
of exibility including simultaneous multifunction measurements and harmonics analysis
capabilities.
A/D and DSP Technology
In order to accelerate the testing process, Radian Research has designed and incorporated a
custom integrating Analog to Digital Converter into the RD-30. There are separate A/D circuits
for both the voltage and current axes. Couple this enhancement with the utilization of DSP
technology and the RD-30’s abilities are greatly enhanced. The RD-30 can effortlessly collect
the converted digital signals from the A/D converters and process the data to display every
measurement function supported during a single collection of voltage and current data.

PCSupport
For enhanced analysis and testing, each RD-30 is equipped with a communications port. This
port will allow the user to connect to a personal computer running Radian Research software
packages providing for customization of the standard. Different congurations containing input
and output port designations, LCD menu operation and other parameters may be stored in RR-
PCSuite software and downloaded to any RD-30 unit for complete user customization.

RD-30 Operations Manual
Product Introduction
7
In addition, the RD-30 can analyze harmonic distortion complete with each order’s phase and
amplitude. This information can be studied in the laboratory with Radian software for a more
complete understanding of conditions at specic meter installations. Additionally, voltage and
current waveforms can be viewed in real-time and then captured for later investigation. Test
results of both revenue billing meters and eld standards can be stored enabling complete and
detailed histories to be recorded.
ClampOnCurrentTransformerInput
The RD-30 features a clamp-on current transformer input per phase. This option allows true
customer load testing without removing the meter from service.
VoltageInputs,CurrentInputs,AuxiliaryPowerInputs
The RD-30 provides full autoranging capability for the Potential Input, Auxiliary Power Input
and Current Input using electronically compensated input transformers designed by Radian.
The voltage and current inputs contain an enhanced design of Radian’s original electronically
compensated transformer. This feature ensures the unit will never be damaged by applying a
signal to the incorrect input. Current input options are 120 amps maximum per phase or 200 amps
maximum per phase direct connection.
With the safety of the user in mind, the connections have been updated to an insulated socket
design. The Potential Input and Auxiliary Power are 4mm connections and the Current Inputs are
6mm connections for the 120 amp model and bolt-on current connections for the 200 amp model.

RD-30 Operations Manual
Product Introduction
8
1.2 LaboratoryApplications
The accuracy and precision provided by the RD-30 allows it to easily test portable eld standards
of lesser accuracy. The optional built-in comparator allows for automatic test result calculations
for the eld standard being tested.
1.3 TestTableApplications
Due to its small package size, the RD-30 can easily be used as the reference within test tables
whenever a higher level of accuracy is desired. Programmable pulse outputs coupled with an RS-
232 communications port make it easy to receive data from the RD-30.
1.4 FieldTestingApplications
With a weight of only 6.81 kg (15 pounds), the RD-30 is conducive to eld-testing applications
where a high level of accuracy is desired. The optional built-in comparator allows for automatic
test result calculations of the meter being tested.
1.5 PowerAnalysis
Unlike off-the-shelf A/D Converters used in other instruments, Radian’s Dytronic
A/D Converter is specically designed and optimized for power and energy measurement. This
unique design allows the RD-30 to accurately measure non- sinusoidal waveforms up to and
including the 204th harmonic order. Measurement parameters include the phase and amplitude of
each harmonic as well as the total harmonic distortion. The unprecedented accuracy of measuring
distorted waveforms combines with this optional powerc analysis capability to clearly distinguish
the RD-30 as the denitive portable three-phase electricity standard for both meter testing and
power quality applications. This power analysis option is also useful when testing meters using
customer load.
1.6 CustomerLoadTesting
For those applications where meter testing with customer load is desired, the RD-30 is an
obvious choice because of its ability to accurately measure energy and power even with distorted
waveforms. The optional clamp-on current transformer inputs on each phase allows for testing
the meter using customer load without the need of interrupting service.

RD-30 Operations Manual
Product Intoduction
9
1.7 AutomaticCalculations
Optionally, The RD-30 offers a Built-in Computer for two types of applications. For laboratory
applications, the Built-in Computer can accept output pulses from a portable eld standard
and automatically calculate and display the error. For eld- testing applications, it can also
automatically calculate and display the error of the meter under test. In this eld-testing
application, various sensors (for disk rotation, infrared calibration pulses, KYZ pulses, etc.)
may be connected directly to the RD-30 and parameters for the test may be easily entered. At
the conclusion of the test, the results are automatically calculated and displayed on the LCD.
Optional sensors include the RD-DS Meter Disk Sensor, RD-1H Infrared Optical Pickup, RD-
1H/v Visible Optical Pickup, and RD-KYZ Pulse Input Adapter.
1.8 SoftwarePackages
The RD-30 also provides a serial communications port which allows direct connection to the
RS-232 serial port of a personal computer. In addition, Radian offers software packages to suit
various applications.
RR-PCSuite software allows for custom conguration of the RD-30 standard. This custom
conguration includes dening scrolling sequences, scrolling times, dening communication
ports including output pulse values, dening measurement displays, and other operation
parameters.
RR-MobileSuite software is used with the power analyzer functionality of the RD-30. RR-
MobileSuite provides the ability to view current and voltage waveforms in real time while
providing total harmonic distortion as well as analysis of harmonic order, phase and amplitude.
Waveforms may be saved for further analysis back at the meter laboratory.

RD-30 Operations Manual
Product Intoduction
10
RR-Kit software provides a library of subroutines for those customers that desire to write their
own programs to communicate with the RD-30.
PC-Mobile Suite software is an expanded, desktop or laptop version of RR-Mobile Suite which is
the test and measurement software loaded on the RD-30.
1.9 SafetyDesign
For enhanced safety, the potential, current and auxiliary power input connections to the RD-30 are
designed such that no harmful signals are accessible on the front of the standard. Lead kits may
be purchased from Radian Research.

RD-30 Operations Manual
Configurations Available
11
2.0 Configurations Available
2.1 GeneratingRD-30ModelNumbers
RD-30 Menu for Measurements & Functionality: The last three digits determine the model
options. The rst of the last three digits determines the measurement functions; the second of
the last three digits determines if the unit has a Built-in Computer, power analysis, and/or analog
sense capability; the third of the last three digits determines the physical conguration.
Specifyingtherstofthelastthreedigits:RD-30-Xxx
MODEL MEASUREMENTFUNCTIONS
RD-30-2xx Whrs, Volts, Amps, Watts, VA, VARs,VARhrs, VAhrs, Qhrs,
Phase Angle, Power Factor, Frequency
RD-30-3xx Whrs, VARhrs, VAhrs, Qhrs, Volts, Amps,
Watts, VARs, VA,Vhr, Ahr, V2hr, A2hr, Phase
Angle, Power Factor, Frequency
Min & Max measurements: All indicating
functions
RD-30-4xx Whrs, Volts, Amps, VARhrs, Qhrs, Vahrs,
Watts, VARs, VA,Vhr, Ahr, V2hr, A2hr, Phase
Angle, PF, Frequency
Min & Max: All indicating functions
AVG response: VAhrs, VA, Volts, Vhrs, Amps, Ahrs

RD-30 Operations Manual
Configurations Available
12
Specifyingthesecondofthelastthreedigits:RD-30-xXx

-x0x No Built-in Computer, No power analysis, No analog sense input
-x1x Built-in Computer (With color display, Windows CE and RR-MobileSuite Software)
-x2x Power analysis (RR-MobileSuite Software included)(Harmonics, Trending & Vector
Analysis)
-x3x Built-in Computer and power analysis
-x4x Analog Sense Testing for Volts, Amps, Watts, VARS, VA (2mA DC max) -x5x Built-in
Computer and analog sense input
-x6x Power analysis and analog sense input
-x7x Built-in Computer, power analysis and analog sense input
Specifyingthethirdofthelastthreedigits:RD-30-xxX

-xx1 120 Amp (6mm insert) current inputs, Rack Mount
-xx2 200 Amp (bolt on) current inputs, Rack Mount
-xx3 120 Amp (6mm insert) current inputs, Portable
-xx4 200 Amp (bolt on) current inputs, Portable
ACCESSORIES
RR-PCSuite Testing & Analysis PC Software for RD Standards
RR-Kit Software for Custom Application Development
RR-1H Optical Pickup for Infrared LED, 4-Pin plug
RR-DS/sm Meter Disk Sensor with 4-Pin plug, suction mount
RR-DS/f Meter Disk Sensor with 4-Pin plug, eld mount
RR-DS/s Meter Disk Sensor with 4-Pin plug, shop mount
RR-KYZ Pulse Input Adapter with 4-Pin plug
RM-1S Remote Reset Switch
RC-XXX Family of Clamp-On Current Transformers and Probes

RD-30 Operations Manual
Configurations Available
13
ForExample:RD-30-332
200 Amp 3 current input standard complete with built-in comparator, harmonic analysis, 200amp
current inputs, no display, rack mount. Measurement functions include +/- Whrs, Volts, Amps,
VARhrs, VAhrs, Qhrs, Watts, VARs, VA, Phase Angle, Power Factor, Frequency, Min & Max
Measurements for Volts, Amps, Watts, VARs, VA, Vhrs, Ahrs, V2hrs, A2hrs, Phase Angle, Power
Factor, Frequency.

RD-30 Operations Manual
Specifications
14
3.0 Specifications
3.1 Accuracy
All measurement functions excluding harmonic evaluation available on the RD-30 exhibit the
same transfer accuracy at any combination of the normal operating conditions. The errors
associated with these functions are in percent of reading displayed and include variables of
stability, temperature, power factor, traceability uncertainty, and test system errors.
GuaranteedAccuracy:+/-0.04%
For harmonic evaluation, an RD-30 will exhibit different accuracies of harmonic measurement
depending on their order. The errors associated with these harmonics are in percent of reading at
any combination of the normal operating conditions.
1st–23rdHarmonic:+/-0.25%
24th–64thHarmonic:+/-0.50%
Even and Odd Harmonic Error Inuence: The RD-30 does not care whether the harmonics are odd
or even. The worst-case error is 0.04% starting at the fundamental with a linear error increase of
0.5% at the 64th harmonic order.
3.2 Input/Output
INPUTS1,2,3
 Display Gate: BNC with 150 ohms pull up to 5 volts, clamped at 5.7 volts
 Gate Rate: 200 nS pulse width minimum, maximum 20 Hz repetition rate
OUTPUTS1,2,3
 Type: Open collector, clamped at 27 volts
 Frequency: Max 2.1 MHz (200 nS pulse width minimum)
 Metrics: Selectable, i.e. Watt Hours, VAR Hours, VA Hours, etc.

RD-30 Operations Manual
Specifications
15
Pickup
Sensor Input Terminal: 4 Pin Lemo
Clamp-OnCTInput
 
Transformer Input 7 Pin Input for Radian Clamp-On Current
3.3 NormalOperatingConditions
Input Potential: 30 - 525 V
AC at 50Hz (Autoranging)
30 - 630 V
AC at 60Hz (Autoranging)
V
AC Not to Exceed (10.5*Frequency)
Input Current Options: 0.02 - 120 Amperes (Autoranging)
0.02 - 200 Amperes (Autoranging)
Clamp-On Current Transformer
Auxiliary Power: 60 - 525 V
AC at 50Hz (Autoranging)
60 - 630 V
AC at 60Hz (Autoranging)
V
AC Not to Exceed (10.5*Frequency)
Power Factor 1.0 to 0.5 (0° to -60°) ± 0.01% typical, ± 0.04% maximum
Power Factor < 0.5 (-60° to -90°) ±(0.1%/ PF) maximum
Operating Temperature: -20°C to 70°C (-4°F to 158°F)
Storage Temperature: -25°C to 80°C (-13°F to 176°F)
Humidity: 0% to 95% non-condensing
Frequency: 45 to 65 Hertz Fundamental
Orientation: Any
Recalibration Interval: 365 Days
Warm-up: 15 seconds

RD-30 Operations Manual
Specifications
16
3.4 InfluencesAffectingAccuracy
Temperature: +/- 0.0005%/°C Typical
+/- 0.001%/°C Maximum
Above or below Operating Temperature
3.5 Protection
Isolation: Complete Input/Output/Power/Case/Control
Dielectric Withstand: 2.3 kVrms, 60Hz, 60 Seconds
Surge Withstand: IEEE 472 and ANSI 37.90
Fuses:
Potential Input: Littlefuse FLU 44/100
Bussmann DMM-B 44/100
Auxiliary Power: Littlefuse FLU 011
Bussmann DMM-B-11
3.6 PhysicalDescription
Size: 444.5 mm (17.5”) Wide
172 mm (6.75”) Deep
131 mm (5.375”) High
Weight: 6.21 kg (15 lbs)
Shipping Weight: 12.6 kg (28 lbs)
Shipping Dimensions: 662 mm (24.5") Wide
266 mm (10.5") Deep
355 mm (14") High

RD-30 Operations Manual
Operations Overview
17
4.0 Operations Overview
4.1 MeasurementPrinciple
The measurement principle is based upon the fundamentals of a high-speed charge-balance
integrating analog to digital signal converter. This is a Radian innovation, but it is based upon
accepted metrology parameters. Radian Research implemented its own analog to digital converter
in the Dytronic family of standards which are specically designed for power measurement. In order
to measure power and energy with extreme accuracy and wide bandwidth, extensive requirements
must be imposed on the converter.
The RD-30 Dytronic utilizes two separate A/D converters. One accepts a current signal and is
linked with two current references. The other accepts a voltage signal and is linked with two voltage
references. These of course are for the analog voltage and current inputs of the RD-30. Both
operate independently to provide the digital signal processor with signals accurate enough to meet
the requirements of a true portable electricity standard.
By designing an analog to digital converter specically for power and energy measurements,
Radian is able to reduce many errors associated with commercial A/D circuits. Gain error,
charge timer resolution, signal to noise ratio and signal distortion were major areas dealt with and
improved in development.
4.2 InternalReferenceSet
The RD-30’s internal reference set is hermetically sealed in order to protect it from environmental
variables. The internal reference set consists of a voltage reference, a resistive reference and a crystal
time reference.
4.3 OutputStage
The RD-30’s output stage displays the measurements and provides pulse outputs for the selected
measurements. Computer control, with Radian software, allows for customization of output
information, such as programmable pulse output constants.

RD-30 Operations Manual
Operations Overview
18
4.4 VoltageandCurrentInputs*
The voltage and current inputs are completely autoranging – a design feature that was pioneered
by Radian Research with the RM-10 in 1985. The voltage and current inputs consist of a toroidal
autoranging electronically compensated transformer. The Radian toroid transformer provides
superior immunity to stray elds and the electronic compensation eliminates practically all of the
transformer error.
4.5 AuxiliaryPowerInputs
Auxiliary power is required to power the internal workings of the RD-30. It may be derived from
the same signal as the potential input providing that there are sufcient volt-amperes available.
Auxiliary power may also be supplied independent from the potential input source. The power
supply for the RD-30 is a very advanced switching power supply which is inherently capable of
converting the available input power to regulated power over the entire operating range. The con-
verter is so effective at this that the input may be changed freely between the ranges of 60 and 630
VAC during operation without a measurable effect upon operation.
The connections have been updated to an insulated socket design. The Potential Input and Aux-
iliary Power Input are 4mm connections and the Current Inputs are 6mm connections (bolt-on
design for 200 amp models). It is now virtually impossible to touch any live connection while the
unit is in operation.
* Appendix: RD Current Connector Locking Mechanism...... page 66

RD-30 Operations Manual
Operations Overview
19
4.6 Clamp-OnCTInput
The RD-30 features a clamp-on current transformer input. This input can only be utilized with
Radian approved current transformers, as others do not have the inherent accuracy needed to
optimize the RD-30’s accuracy and stability. The input is a seven-pin connector that provides
power, serial communications, and an input for specic clamp-on current transformers.
4.7 PulseInputs
The RD-30 Pulse Inputs consist of BNC connectors labeled 1, 2, 3. These inputs are open collec-
tor. Phase A input is labeled as 1, Phase B input is labeled as 2 and Phase C input is labeled as
3. While doing a meter test a RM-1S Remote Reset Switch may be connected to input 3 (Phase C
input) and can be used to gate (start/stop/reset) all three inputs simultaneously. Or, instead of the
RM-1S, any of the Radian pickups may be connected to input 3 (Phase C input). The pickups con-
sist of the RM-1H, RM-DS, and RM-KYZ, all which can be used to test various electricity meters.
While doing a standards test all three inputs can be used individually or simultaneously.

RD-30 Operations Manual
Operations Overview
20
4.9 AnalogSenseInput
The optional Analog Sense functionality allows the RD-30 to effectively test transducers as well
as rst generation electronic meters that have an analog output for calibration. The RD-30 will not
only test these instruments, but it will also automatically calculate and display the error.
4.8 PulseOutputs
The RD-30 Pulse Outputs consist of BNC connectors labeled 1, 2, 3. These outputs are open
collector. The factory default setting is Output 1 = Total Watthours, Output 2 = Total VARhours,
Output 3 = Total VAhours. However all three outputs are programmable by the customer for per
phase energy or total energy.