Stronghold SELECT Series User manual

StrongHold clamping system
StrongHold SELECT
Series
StrongHold Standard
Series
MRO
Interchange
Reduced
Maintenance
Costs
Proven
Application
Performance
Robust
Products
DE-STA-CO Subject to technical modifications without notice 15.1
StrongHold Clamping SystemTM
15_StrongHold. xp:15_DES_StrongHold-1-14.indd 1/2/08 9:02 AM Page 15.1

15.2 Subject to technical modifications without notice DE-STA-CO
Product group – stronghold clamping system
Model no. Page
70250
70260
15.18
090-011-113
090-012-221
090-012-224
090-013-332
090-013-334
090-021-111
090-021-114
090-022-222
090-022-225
090-023-333
090-023-335
15.19
010-011-113
010-012-221
010-012-224
010-013-332
010-013-334
010-021-111
010-021-114
010-022-222
010-022-225
010-023-333
010-023-335
15.20
010-210-400
010-210-501
010-210-702
010-211-002
010-211-004
010-211-502
010-211-504
010-212-004
15.21
030-1-S-475
030-1-D-475
15.23
030-1-S-1100
030-1-D-1100
15.24
Model no. Page
030-1-S-2400
030-1-D-2400
15.25
030-1-S-4000
030-1-D-4000
15.26
031-S-475
031-L-475
031-S-1100
031-L-1100
031-S-2400
031-L-2400
031-S-4000
031-L-4000
15.27
052-Series 15.29
051-Series 15.29
70626 15.30
020-011-011DE
020-012-021DE
020-013-031DE
15.31
039-101-000DE
039-104-000DE
039-108-000DE
039-109-000DE
15.33
StrongHold Clamping SystemTM
15_StrongHold. xp:15_DES_StrongHold-1-14.indd 1/2/08 9:02 AM Page 15.2

DE-STA-CO Subject to technical modifications without notice 15.3
Product group – stronghold clamping system
Model no. Page
70150 15.34
100178DE
100178-230DE
15.35
100186DE
100186-230DE
15.36
100179DE
100179-230DE
15.37
100888DE
100888-230DE
15.38
100279DE 15.39
100920DE
100190DE
15.40
037-100-122 15.41
Model no. Page
500173DE
500174DE
15.42
70912
70913
15.43
StrongHold Clamping SystemTM
15_StrongHold. xp:15_DES_StrongHold-1-14.indd 1/2/08 9:03 AM Page 15.3

15.4 Subject to technical modifications without notice DE-STA-CO
Building safe workholding systems
Safety means paying attention to the smallest details. A hastily
assembled workholding system can result in a hazardous operator
environment. Hydraulic workholding is not a generic technique where
most anything will work, nor is there one right or best answer for all
situations. Each application is different and can be approached in
many different ways. ecause of this versatility, there is no rule-of-
thumb to follow to guarantee safety. A careful balance of knowledge,
fixture design and common sense are key to avoiding injuries.
Plan your fixture installation with operator safety in mind. y nature,
most clamping devices have pinch points. Many times the fixture can
be designed to shield the operator from a pinching hazard. Often the
placement of the clamping device in the fixture can minimize the gap
between the clamp and the workpiece, thus reducing or eliminating
the pinch point. Perhaps the clamping control valve or switch can be
located such that the operator
cannot reach the fixture
and the control at the same
time. Dual palm buttons on
electrically-actuated systems
serve the same purpose.
Do not require the operator
to hold the workpiece in position during the clamping operation. Make
sure that the workpiece is self-supporting and self-locating so that
operator hands are out of danger when the hydraulic system is
actuated. Often a simple spring plunger is all that is necessary.
The lowest pressure rating of any
component in the clamping system
sets the maximum pressure rating
for the entire system.
Most hydraulic workholding
components are rated at 5,000
PSI maximum. However, some components are rated at less than 5,000
PSI. The maximum pressure is listed on each product page of this
catalog. Never exceed this rating.
Just having a clamp that is rated
at 5,000 PSI is not enough. Every
hose, fitting, valve, adapter and
tube exposed to pressure must be
rated at or above the maximum
hydraulic system pressure. Most
“hardware store” fittings are intended only for low pressure
plumbing. Never use ater pipe fittings or copper tubing and brass
fittings for hydraulic service.
Use proper tools when
bending tubing, and maintain
proper minimum bend radii for
hoses and tubing. If a hose or
tube is ever kinked, replace it.
Don’t risk a rupture. Fluid
escaping under high pressure is dangerous. The resulting loss in
pressure could release the workpiece from the fixture and cause
serious injury and equipment damage by being ejected from the
machine or breaking tooling.
Tubing and hoses do flex when
pressurized. Allow for that
movement by supporting the
fluid lines away from surfaces
which could abrade the surface
and eventually cause damage.
Avoid straight lengths of hose and tubing. A bend will allow for this
deflection without putting too much stress on the line.
Even if proper hydraulic tubing
and fittings are specified, be
sure to protect them from
abuse. Components damaged
from abrasion or accidental
dropping of a workpiece will no
longer have the strength and
safety of the original design.
Use proper mounting hardware
when installing workholding
clamps and other components.
Always use the largest bolt
available to fit in the mounting
hole. In many cases, the
recommended cap screw or thread is specified on the product page
of this catalog. Sometimes the mounting hardware is included with
the component. Always use supplied hardware.
Safety means
paying attention
to the
smallest details.
StrongHold Clamping SystemTM
15_StrongHold. xp:15_DES_StrongHold-1-14.indd 1/2/08 9:03 AM Page 15.4

DE-STA-CO Subject to technical modifications without notice 15.5
StrongHold Clamping SystemTM
Power workholding systems
Application A
Multiple double-acting actuators can be operated
simultaneously when powered by a pump.
Application B
Two pairs of single-acting actuators are independently
operated by remote mounted control valves and
powered by one pump. Check valves prevent return
line pressure fluctuations from affecting released
clamps. Pressure port “P” check valves are built into
the control valve.
Application C
Similar to Application C, one pair of single-acting
actuators and one pair of double-acting actuators
are independently controlled by 100969DE
directional control valves. When using more than
one directional valve in one circuit, “P” port check
valves 500174DE are required to prevent loss of
clamping pressure in one circuit while actuating
another. “T” port check valves 500173DE should be
used in single-acting circuits where return line
pressure fluctuations may affect released clamps.
15_StrongHold. xp:15_DES_StrongHold-1-14.indd 1/2/08 9:03 AM Page 15.5

15.6 Subject to technical modifications without notice DE-STA-CO
StrongHold Clamping SystemTM
Power workholding systems
Application F
Similar to Application , (on page 15.8) the three actuators
are operated by a remote mounted control valve. This type
of valve allows the pump to be located away from the
workstation. The valve can be manually operated or, as
shown, an electrically operated remote control valve is
used. This valve can be used to give the operator push-
button convenience or fully automated control by the
machine tool.
Application E
Two single-acting actuators operate simultaneously,
controlled by a remote manual valve. A sequence valve
insures that the workpiece is clamped before the work
support is locked.
Application D
Rotating unions are used to connect pressure and
return lines on applications where fixture rotation
does not allow fixed plumbing. Here, three single-
acting actuators are independently operated by
three remote mounted control valves. Each valve is
connected to the rotating union which, in turn, is
connected to a single pump.
Application
Similar to Application F (above), a double-acting
swing clamp is actuated before sequencing a
work support. When released, the work support
drains back through the sequence valve’s
internal check valve.
15_StrongHold. xp:15_DES_StrongHold-1-14.indd 1/2/08 9:03 AM Page 15.6

DE-STA-CO Subject to technical modifications without notice 15.7
StrongHold Clamping SystemTM
Application J
For pallets using double-acting actuators,
DE-STA-CO’s double-acting pallet valve
system uses a pilot-operated check valve
to maintain pressure on the pallet. The
three position directional valve mounts at
the operator’s workstation instead of the
pallet. Any of DE-STA-CO’s standard,
constant pressure pumps operate the
system. An accumulator makes up for
temperature change and minor leakage.
Application I
DE-STA-CO’s Manual Pallet Valve is the
simplest way to disconnect the power source
from a pressurized pallet. For use only with
single-acting actuators, it provides an
automatic, leak free shut-off. An accumulator
makes up for temperature changes and
minor leakage. uilt-in filtration protects this
valve from contamination.
Application H
Like Application C (on page 2), two single-acting systems
are independently operated by remote mounted control
valves. Here the pressure reducing valve allows each
system to have its own maximum pressure. The cylinder
on the left operates at the pressure of the power source.
The cylinder on the right can be set at a lower pressure by
adjusting the pressure reducing valve.
Power workholding systems
15_StrongHold. xp:15_DES_StrongHold-1-14.indd 1/2/08 9:03 AM Page 15.7

Planning
The most important and cost effective part of the fixture design process
is planning. All facets of the project should be considered, and all
questions answered before fixture design begins.
How many operations are required?
What machine will be used?
What is the expected cycle time?
How many parts will be run? How often?
How fast must the workpiece be changed?
The answers to questions like these will help determine the relative
cost/benefit of the clamping system chosen for the fixture.
The following information will help prove that a hydraulic power
clamping system can be a cost effective fixturing alternative.
Hydraulic Force
A basic principle of hydraulics states that pressure applied to a confined
fluid is transmitted equally in all directions. This principle allows the
transmission of pressure through tubes and hoses to remotely located
actuators where that pressure is converted to usable force.
The simplicity of hydraulic power clamping can be summed up in one
small equation:
FORCE = Pressure X Area
In the cylinder above, the fluid pressurized at 2,000 PSI is acting on the
3 sq. in. piston. As the formula says, 2,000 PSI times 3 sq. in. yields a
force of 6,000 lbs.
This same concept applies to all hydraulic actuators.
Plumbing Options
The method used to route the pressure to the actuators on the fixture
should be determined early in the planning stage. The plumbing is an
essential part of the fixture and should never be left as an afterthought.
There are two basic plumbing methods: conventional and
manifold mount.
Conventionally mounted components have threaded ports which accept
fittings for tubing and hoses. Many different types of fittings are
available, giving you several options for customizing your design. Since
most of these components are commonly available, conventional
mounting will typically be the lower cost option.
Conventional
Mounting
The threaded ports are usually one of two designs, NPT tapered pipe
threads or SAE O-Ring boss.
NPT Tapered Pipe Threads depend on the interference of the mating
thread forms. This thread form has been in use for general plumbing
applications for many years. Consequently there is a wide selection of
fittings available for even the most unique applications. However, the
thread form is the same whether the application is a household water
supply or a high pressure hydraulic workholding system. It is important
to specify only fittings that are rated for the maximum pressure to be
seen in your application. Plastic, copper and iron pipe fittings are not
acceptable alternatives.
Straight Thread, O-Ring Boss Ports per SAE J514 are common in both
industrial and mobile hydraulic systems. ecause this system of ports
and fittings depends on a simple, replaceable O-ring for sealing instead
of the interference of perfectly formed threads, the chance for leakage
is greatly reduced.
Systems can be disassembled and reassembled numerous times with
no additional make-up required. Fittings will always be in the exact
same place and elbows will always point in the right direction. There is
never the need to over or under-tighten elbows to properly align them
in your system.
Pipe sealants and teflon tapes that can contaminate your system are
not required. The torque needed to properly tighten these fittings is
less, too.
All of DE-STA-CO’s newest products have the SAE ports. In addition, we
have made many of our other products available with SAE ports. Where
available, this is noted on the product description page.
15.8 Subject to technical modifications without notice DE-STA-CO
StrongHold Clamping SystemTM
System design information
Pressurized fluid =
2,000 pounds per square inch (PSI)
Piston area =
3 square inches (Sq. In.)
FORCE =
6,000 lbs.
15_StrongHold. xp:15_DES_StrongHold-1-14.indd 1/2/08 9:03 AM Page 15.8

Manifold
Mounting
Manifold mounted components eliminate the need for external fittings,
tubing, and hoses because the fluid passages are machined directly
into the fixture. Securing the workholding component to the fixture
automatically makes the hydraulic connection.
Manifold Mounting:
Provides no-tool hydraulic connections
Saves valuable fixture space
Eliminates tubes, hoses or fittings that disrupt coolant
flow and collect chips
Simplifies post-machining fixture cleaning
Reduces assembly and maintenance time
Improves performance
Means fewer hydraulic connections resulting in fewer
potential leak points
Results in a cleaner, more professional-looking fixture
Plumbing Sizing
When designing and assembling your hydraulic system, keep in mind
that your choices of size and length of plumbing lines can significantly
change the performance of your fixture. The back-pressure created by
fittings, tubing and hoses can slow the operation of your system, especially
single-acting systems. Larger diameter plumbing runs with a minimum
number of bends and fittings will reduce this back pressure.
When sizing hydraulic lines, make sure you look at the inside diameter:
1⁄4" hose is not the same as 1⁄4" tubing. Hose is specified by its inside
diameter. Hydraulic tubing is usually specified by the outside diameter.
As example, 1⁄4" O.D., .035" wall tubing has an inside diameter of
.180", a flow carrying capacity of only 50% of that of the hose.
Single-acting clamps can develop only a limited amount of pressure to
force hydraulic fluid out of the clamp and allow it to retract. When the
return fluid from multiple clamps must share the same hydraulic line,
back pressure can easily become excessive and slow the
clamp’s retraction.
When connecting multiple clamps, you can use either a “daisy chain”
or “home run” configuration. In a daisy chain, you use a tee at each
clamp and run tubing from the first clamp to the second and then to the
third and then the fourth, etc. When using a home run configuration,
you begin at a manifold and run hydraulic lines all the way from the
manifold to each clamp.
The daisy chain method uses less tubing so it might appear that this
would minimize back pressure. However, in the daisy chain the fluid
from all of the clamps must pass through a single hydraulic line. In the
home run, while there may be longer runs, each line only has to
accommodate flow from one clamp.
The viscosity of the hydraulic fluid used will also affect back pressure.
Viscosity is affected by temperature. Contact the factory to discuss
applications running below room temperature. We recommend using
only DE-STA-CO fluids. Other fluids may have different viscosities or
other characteristics that can adversely affect system operation.
Single-acting vs. Double-acting
Another decision to be made early in the planning stage is whether to
use single-acting or double-acting components.
Single-acting components are typically actuated using hydraulic
pressure. When released, the pressure is removed and the actuator is
returned by a spring which forces the hydraulic fluid back into the
pump reservoir. This type of system is usually the most cost effective
because each actuator needs only one pressure source connection for
operation. Single-acting actuators should be vented to clean
atmosphere whenever appropriate. Remember to double the plumbing
for double-acting systems. This does, however, use more valuable
fixture space and adds to the cost.
Nevertheless, there are good reasons to use double-acting systems.
The larger and/or more complex the circuit design, the greater the
potential for return restrictions which will slow the return of the
single-acting actuators. Double-acting actuators are ideal for
applications which require both pushing and pulling or returning
clamps with heavy, custom designed attachments. They work well for
powering linkages which require fast actuation in both directions.
Double-acting clamps are often used in automated systems where
coordinating the action of the clamp with that of the rest of the system
requires fast, positive, predictable cycle times. y installing pressure
switches in both the pressure and return lines, the status of the clamp
can constantly be monitored.
DE-STA-CO Subject to technical modifications without notice 15.9
StrongHold Clamping SystemTM
System design information
Single-acting Double-acting
15_StrongHold. xp:15_DES_StrongHold-1-14.indd 1/2/08 9:03 AM Page 15.9

15.10 Subject to technical modifications without notice DE-STA-CO
StrongHold Clamping SystemTM
Automation
Hydraulic power clamping provides varying degrees of automation.
During the planning stage, the method of actuating the fixture must be
considered. The simplest systems use manually operated valves where
the operator turns a handle to clamp and unclamp the fixture. In totally
automated systems, the machine tool itself can be programmed to
control the clamping and unclamping functions through the use of
electric solenoid valves.
Positioning vs. Clamping
Hydraulic actuators are typically used on a fixture to perform one of two
functions: positioning or clamping. The primary purpose of a positioning
actuator is to push the workpiece against the solid positioning stops
built into the fixture. Clamping actuators hold the workpiece in position
during machining.
With a properly designed fixture, all the operator needs to do is to place
the workpiece into the fixture. The positioning actuators (typically
cylinders) will move and correctly orient the workpiece against the
stops, and hold it there while the clamps are sequenced, thus securing
the part to resist machining forces. While clamps are always needed
to hold the part, positioning actuators are sometimes optional
depending on the workpiece, fixture design, and the level of
operator involvement.
3-2-1 Locating Principle
One of the most basic concepts of workholding is referred to as the
3-2-1 Locating Principle. To repeatedly locate (or reference) a workpiece,
it must be oriented and positioned in three planes: X, Y and Z.
Thinking of a typical fixture where the workpiece is loaded and gravity
holds it in place during clamping, start with the Z axis. Knowing that
three points define a plane, it follows that any rigid object in the fixture
is technically being supported at only three points regardless of shape.
With the part supported in this manner, the workpiece is prevented from
moving in the Z direction, but is still free to rotate or slide in the X and
Y directions. To prevent rotation and position the workpiece in the Y
direction, two stops are used. With the part contacting three stops in the
Z axis, and two stops in the Y axis, the only direction the part can move
is in the X direction. A single stop is all that is needed to prevent this
motion. Always use three locators as the primary Z locators, two
secondary Y locators and one tertiary X locator; thus, the name 3-2-1
principle. In rigid parts, these are the only solid stops required to locate
the part. Any more are a duplication and can affect repeatability from
one part to the next.
Resisting Forces – Stops vs. Clamps
When designing the solid stops for a fixture, it is usually best to locate
them so that they directly resist the machining forces.
If the cutting tool forces are resisted by solid stops, the workholding
clamps need only hold the part in position and can typically be much
smaller, saving money and valuable fixture space.
System design information
15_StrongHold. xp:15_DES_StrongHold-1-14.indd 1/2/08 9:03 AM Page 15.10

DE-STA-CO Subject to technical modifications without notice 15.11
StrongHold Clamping SystemTM
Torque vs. Tension
A user’s first introduction to hydraulic power workholding is often
the replacement of the nut on a typical strap clamp with a center
hole cylinder.
If the torque of the nut is known, the resulting tension on the bolt or
stud can be easily approximated.
For example, a 1⁄2-13 UNC nut is torqued to 300-in. lbs. The resulting
approximate tension would be:
The most accurate way to determine that the hydraulic power clamping
system is exactly duplicating the mechanical system is to place the
center hole cylinder over the stud or bolt and replace the nut loosely
over the cylinder. Use the hydraulic system to partially extend the
cylinder until it contacts the nut. Use a torque wrench to torque the nut
to its original value while monitoring the system pressure gauge. When
the nut is properly torqued, the gauge will indicate the exact system
pressure setting for this application.
Operating Pressures
Most DE-STA-CO workholding components are rated at 5,000 PSI.
When designing, it is a good rule of thumb to choose components for
your fixture that will give you the forces you need at a pressure of about
3,000 PSI. This gives you plenty of latitude to adjust the system
pressure both up and down when fine tuning the fixture on the machine
tool. Operating at lower pressures, while sometimes necessary, does
not make the most efficient use of these components. Higher pressures
allow the use of smaller components, saving cost and fixture space.
Design Stroke Length
Clamps and cylinders should never be designed into a fixture at their
rated full stroke. Always use something less than full stroke to make
sure that all tolerances and variations in the workpiece, workholding
device and fixture can be accepted, insuring that the workpiece is
properly clamped.
Volume Calculations
The total volume required to actuate a circuit should be checked to
make sure that the power source chosen has enough usable fluid
capacity. The fluid volume required to fully actuate each clamp and
cylinder is listed in the charts on each product page throughout the
catalog. y totaling this value for each component, you know the
maximum fluid volume that could possibly be used in this fixture. Even
the smallest DE-STA-CO pumps have enough fluid volume for most
applications.
Since the fixture is designed to use less than the full stroke of the
actuators, the actual fluid volume will be less. If it becomes necessary
to get an exact figure, it can be easily calculated using the
following formula:
Effective Area (sq. in.) X Stroke (in.)
= Fluid Capacity (cu. in.)
The effective area of the actuators (from product chart) multiplied by
the stroke used (not total stroke) will result in the fluid volume.
For example, if a cylinder has an effective area of 2 square inches, and
an actual stroke of 3 inches, its fluid volume will be 2 x 3 or 6 cubic
inches. (For easy reference, 231 cubic inches = 1 gallon.)
System Care and Maintenance
The single most important factor in determining the life of a properly
designed system is the effort taken to keep the fluid clean.
System Flushing
During assembly, make sure all fluid-carrying components are flushed
with clean solvent and blown dry. Hydraulic tubing is particularly
notorious for the amount of contaminants found inside. If not removed,
this debris will quickly damage seals and score precision-fit metal
parts. The contamination will also clog passages in pumps and
control valves.
After fixture assembly, the entire system should be flushed to remove
any contamination created during assembly. Use only hydraulic fluid for
this procedure. Solvents may become trapped in the system,
contaminating the fluid.
Once the fluid in the system is clean, be sure to keep it that way by
changing the fluid on a regular basis and making sure that extreme
care is taken whenever the system is disconnected or disassembled so
that new contaminants are not introduced.
Torque (In. Lbs.)
Nominal thd. size (In.) X .12 = Tension (Lbs.)
From this:
To this:
= 5,000 lbs. Tension
300
.5 x .12
System design information
15_StrongHold. xp:15_DES_StrongHold-1-14.indd 1/2/08 9:03 AM Page 15.11

15.12 Subject to technical modifications without notice DE-STA-CO
StrongHold Clamping SystemTM
System Bleeding
Air trapped in the hydraulic system is the most common cause of erratic
operation and slow return times. The most common way to bleed a
system is to pressurize the circuit and carefully loosen a fitting just
enough to let fluid escape. The trapped air will usually be flushed out
with the fluid. With conventionally mounted components, the fittings
required for connection provide ideal bleeding locations. Since manifold
mounting eliminates external fittings and lines, the fixture
designer/builder no longer gets bleeding points by default and must
now consciously plan for system bleeding.
As workholding hydraulic systems become more sophisticated, compact
and automated, proper bleeding becomes increasingly important. Air
trapped in the system is most often revealed by the slow retraction of
single-acting (spring return) components. To understand why, picture
the following example:
Single-acting actuators – return springs develop 15 PSI
Flow required to clamp – 1 cu. in.
System pressure – 3,000 PSI
Return time for this application is dictated by the time it takes to force
1 cu. in. of fluid through all of the return line restrictions at 15 PSI.
Take the same example with 1 cu. in. of air (at atmospheric pressure)
trapped anywhere in the system:
When pressurized, this “bubble” compresses and becomes
200 times smaller or .005 cu. in. This means that .995 cuin,
of oil must be pumped into the system just to compress the
bubble. Now when the clamps are released, 1.995 cu. in. of
fluid must leave the system – nearly double that of the same
system without air.
Calculating Machining Forces
To help you choose the right cylinders, clamps, and work supports, it is
important to know how much clamping or supporting force
is necessary.
There are numerous ways to calculate the approximate forces that the
cutting tool places on the workpiece. Please note that the results of
these calculations are estimates and must never replace experience,
common sense, and caution. In addition, these results indicate only the
magnitude of the force, not the direction. Depending on the specific
application, the direction of the force may vary significantly from the
beginning to the end of the cut.
Milling, Turning and Boring
A rough estimate of cutting tool force – if the horsepower required to
make the cut is known – is the result of the following equation:
For example, an operation is expected to take 5 horsepower with a cutting
speed of 150 surface feet per minute.
Where horsepower is not yet known, a value called unit power comes
into play. Unit power is the horsepower required to remove one cubic
inch of material in one minute. (Refer to Table A on Page 10.)
Milling
Example: a 4-flute end mill is used to machine aluminum. The cut is
1⁄2" deep and the feed per tooth is .002". From the table the unit power
value is 0.4. So the cutting force transferred to the workpiece is:
.5 x .002 x 4 x .4 x 125,950 = 202 lbs.
Cutting Force
Note that this calculation assumes a full width cut. Applications using
less than the full cut may reduce the calculated force by the percentage
of the full cut being taken.
Turning and Boring
A similar calculation applies to turning and boring. Note that the cutting
force is usually perpendicular to the cutting tool but since the tool or
workpiece is rotating, the direction of the force relative to the work
piece is constantly changing.
HP x 24,750
Cutting Speed (SFPM)
Cutting Force (lbs.) =
5 x 24,750
150 = 825 lbs. Cutting Force
Depth of Cut (in.)
Feed per Tooth (in.)
Number of Teeth
Unit Power
___X___X___X___ X 125,950 = _____ lbs.
Cutting Force
System design information
15_StrongHold. xp:15_DES_StrongHold-1-14.indd 1/2/08 9:03 AM Page 15.12

DE-STA-CO Subject to technical modifications without notice 15.13
StrongHold Clamping SystemTM
Example: oring a hole in alloy steel heat treated to 37 Rc (unit power
1.7), with a depth of cut of .060", a feed rate of .003" inches per
revolution gives a result of:
.060 x .003 X 1.7 x 396,000 = 121 lbs. Cutting Force
Drilling
The forces involved in drilling can be separated into two distinctly
different categories: thrust and torque. With the number of drill styles
available, the thrust varies tremendously. Torque is somewhat less
variable and can be estimated as shown:
Feed (IPR) x (Drill Dia.)2x Unit Power x 49,500 =
Drilling Torque (In. Lbs.)
For example, drilling a 3⁄4” diameter hole in magnesium (unit power .2)
with a feed rate of .010” per revolution gives a result of:
.010 x .752x .2 x 49,500 = 56 in. lbs.
Friction Coefficient
Now that an estimate of the amount of cutter force being transferred to
the workpiece is available, we must determine how much clamping
force is necessary to resist the cutter force. This depends on the
amount of friction between the workpiece and the fixture, commonly
referred to as the friction coefficient.
Typically, if an object is lying on a surface, the amount of force required
to slide it sideways will be considerably less than the weight of the
object. It follows then that when clamping a workpiece to resist
machining forces, the clamping force will need to be much higher than
the machining force. The following chart shows approximate
friction coefficients:
The estimated clamping force is divided by the appropriate friction
coefficient and then multiplied by a suitable safety factor to get an
estimated total clamping force required.
Example: A steel workpiece on steel rest buttons is being machined
using coolant. The estimated machining force is 300 lbs. From the table
the friction coefficient for steel on steel (lubricated) is .16. After
choosing an appropriate safety factor (usually about 2), the estimated
total clamping force would be:
This total clamping
force may now be
divided by the
number of clamps
holding the
workpiece, which
equals the clamping
force needed for
each clamp.
Depth of Cut (in.)
Feed per Revolution (in.)
Unit Power
____X____X____X 396,000 = _____ lbs.
Cutting Force
Force
Cutting
Tool
Static Friction Coefficients
for Steel on Various Materials
Machining Force (lbs.)
Friction Coefficient x Safety Factor = Total
Clamping
Force (Lbs.)
300
.16 x 2 = 3750 lbs. Total Clamping Forces
System design information
TABLE A Unit Power hp/in3/min
Turning Drilling Milling
Material
Hardness
Bhn
HSS &
Carbide
Tools
HSS
Drills
HSS &
Carbide
Tools
STEELS
Plain
Carbon
Alloy Steels
85-200
35-40Rc
40-50Rc
50-55Rc
55-58Rc
1.4
1.7
1.9
2.5
4.2
1.3
1.7
2.1
2.6
3.2
1.4
1.9
2.2
2.6
3.2
CAST IRONS
ray, Ductile
& Malleable
110-190
190-320
0.9
1.7
1.2
2.0
0.8
1.4
STAINLESS
STEELS
135-275
30-45Rc
1.6
1.7
1.4
1.5
1.7
1.9
TITANIUM 250-375 1.5 1.4 1.4
NICKEL
ALLOYS
80-360 2.5 2.2 2.4
ALUMINUM
ALLOYS
30-150
500 kg
0.3 0.2 0.4
MA NESIUM
ALLOYS
40-90
500 kg
0.2 0.2 0.2
COPPER
ALLOYS
10-80Rb
80-100Rb
0.8
1.2
0.6
1.0
0.8
1.2
Material
Friction Coefficient
Clean Lubricated
Brass 0.35 0.19
Bronze – 0.16
Bronze, Aluminum 0.45 –
Bronze, Phosphor 0.35 –
Bronze, Sintered – 0.13
Carbon, Hard 0.14 0.11-0.14
Copper-Lead Alloy 0.22 –
raphite 0.10 0.10
Iron, Cast 0.40 0.21
Steel 0.80 0.16
Tungsten Carbide 0.4-0.6 0.1-0.2
15_StrongHold. xp:15_DES_StrongHold-1-14.indd 1/2/08 9:03 AM Page 15.13

15.14 Subject to technical modifications without notice DE-STA-CO
StrongHold Clamping SystemTM
Design symbols
M
AB
PT
Cylinder Symbols
Power Source Symbols
Work Support Symbols
Clamp Symbols
Control Valve Symbols
Work Support Symbols
Cylinder, Single-acting
Cylinder, Double-acting
Cylinder, Single-acting or Swing/Pull
Clamp,Double-acting
Pull Cylinder, Single-acting, Spring Return
Pull Cylinder, Single-acting
Swing/Pull Clamp, Single-acting
with Flow Restrictor Valve
Swing/Pull Clamp, Double-acting
Swing/Pull Clamp, Single-acting
Work Support, Fluid Advance
Work Support, Spring Advance
Work Support, Air Advance
Electric/Hydraulic Pump
Air/Hydraulic Pump, Reciprocating
Air/Hydraulic Pump,
Reciprocating 2-stage
Screw Pump
Intensifier
Directional Control Valve, Manual 4-Way,
2-Position with Inlet Check Valve
Directional Control Valve, Manual 4-Way,
2-Position with Inlet and Outlet Check Valves
Directional Control Valve, Manual 4-Way,
3-Position Detented
Directional Control Valve, Electric 4-Way,
2-Position with Inlet and Outlet Check Valves
with Manual Override
Directional Control Valve, Manual 4-Way,
2-Position
15_StrongHold. xp:15_DES_StrongHold-1-14.indd 1/2/08 9:03 AM Page 15.14

DE-STA-CO Subject to technical modifications without notice 15.15
StrongHold Clamping SystemTM
Design symbols
Control Valve Symbols Accessory Symbols
Pallet Coupling Symbols
Accessory Symbols
T
P
B
A
Pressure Sequence Valve, Adjustable with
Reverse Free-Flow Check Valve
Pressure Reducing Valve, Adjustable with Reverse
Free-Flow Check Valve w/Over-Pressure Relief Valve
Check Valve, Pilot Operated with Filters
Flow Restrictor, Adjustable with Reverse
Free-Flow Check Valve
Flow Restrictor, Adjustable
Manual Pallet Valve with auge
and Male Coupler
Manual Pallet Valve with Filters,
auge and Coupler
Hydraulic Coupler, Half-Male or Female
Hydraulic Coupler Set, Coupled
Check Valve
Flow Restrictor, Fitted with Reverse
Free-Flow Check Valve with
Filtered Orifice
Hydraulic Coupler Set, Uncoupled
Accumulator, as Charged
Filter
Pressure auge
Rotating Union, Dual Circuit
Rotating Union, Single Circuit
Pressure Switch, Adjustable
Check Valve Sub-Plate
Air Bleed Valve
Ball Valve
15_StrongHold. xp:15_DES_StrongHold-1-14.indd 1/2/08 9:03 AM Page 15.15

15.16 Subject to technical modifications without notice DE-STA-CO
StrongHold Clamping SystemTM
StrongHold SELECT
15_StrongHold. xp:15_DES_StrongHold-1-14.indd 1/2/08 9:03 AM Page 15.16

DE-STA-CO Subject to technical modifications without notice 15.17
StrongHold Clamping SystemTM
Introducing
Workholding Products from
DE-STA-CO.
The new StrongHold SELECT series brings you hydraulic swing clamps, threaded body cylinders,
block cylinders and accessories.
Immediate advantages include:
MRO Interchange: Flexibility to upgrade and interchange
with other brands, or use in new/duplicate fixture designs
Long-life, decreased maintenance: Advanced seal and
wiper technology that resist contamination and leaks
Corrosion resistance: Treated metal surfaces for better wear
Reduced maintenance costs: High cycle life with less
down time, lower replacement costs
Productivity improvement: Significant set-up time reduction
as operators can clamp entire fixture from one location
Competitive pricing: etter quality components with higher ROI
Our new StrongHold SELECT series is yet another example by DE-STA-CO making the best even
better. Improving upon our existing StrongHold brand, we continue to design products and
expand our product selection that help you, our customers, achieve tangible cost reduction in
your manufacturing process.
We look forward to working with you!
DE-STA-CO is a global leader in the innovation, manufacture, and support of clamping, gripping, transfer and robotic tooling
solutions for orkplace automation needs. The DE-STA-CO family of companies is committed to being a lean resource for its
customers. Our ide range of products and value-added services allo s us to offer you solutions that increase profitability and
efficiency through the use of optimal clamping and automation solutions.
StrongHold SELECT
15_StrongHold. xp:15_DES_StrongHold-1-14.indd 1/2/08 9:03 AM Page 15.17

15.18 Subject to technical modifications without notice DE-STA-CO
StrongHold Clamping SystemTM
Hydraulic Cylinder
H
GD
J
K
M
N
L
B
E
C
F
A
lock Style
Hydraulic
Cylinder
Model no.
Dimensions (In Inches)
A B C D E F H J K L M N
70250
(Single-acting) 2.81 2.50 0.31 1.63 0.56 0.75 1.16 1.00 0.50 1/8 NPT 1/8 NPT 0.25 –
70260
(Double-acting) 3.13 2.88 0.50 2.00 0.25 1.25 1.50 1.25 0.63 1/8 NPT (2) 1/8 NPT (2) 0.25 5/16-18
Model no. Stroke
Force at
3,000 PSI
Extend
Force at
3,000 PSI
Retract
Effective
Area
Clamping
Effective
Area
Unclamping
Oil
Displacement
70250 0.50 1,325 lbs. – 0.44 – 0.221 cu. in.
70260 1.00 1,325 lbs. 763 lbs. 0.44 0.24
Retract 0.25 cu. in. Extend 0.45 cu. in.
15_StrongHold. xp:15_DES_StrongHold-1-14.indd 1/2/08 9:03 AM Page 15.18

DE-STA-CO Subject to technical modifications without notice 15.19
StrongHold Clamping SystemTM
StrongHold SELECT
Block Cylinders
DE-STA-CO’s Single-acting (spring return) and Double-acting lock Cylinders are designed for punching,
pressing, riveting and bending applications. These block cylinders require no special mounting hardware
and can be dual-position mounted (parallel or perpendicular) to piston travel on every model.
Tapped piston-ends allow the use of custom end attachments (double-acting recommended for
attachments or mechanisms), while a vent port featuring a single-acting filter gives the cylinder a
place to “breathe” and helps keep chips and other contaminants from sucking past the wipers
(double-acting unclamp port).
Adjustable force ranging from “negligible” to maximum cylinder capacity is achieved by adjusting the
input pressure. Advanced side-porting is provided for easy plumbing access.
Features:
Variety of strokes to meet specific
design needs
SAE oil ports
No special mounting
hardware required
Operating Pressure –
150 to 5,000 PSI
Single-acting Block Cylinders
Cat no.
Force at
5,000
PSI (lbs.) Bore
ø
(in.)
Rod
ø
(in.)
Stroke
(in.)
Effective
Area
(sq. in.)
Oil
Capacity
(cu. in.)
Push Push Push
090-011-113
090-012-221
090-012-224
090-013-332
090-013-334
2,220
3,900
3,900
8,800
8,800
0.750
1.000
1.000
1.500
1.500
0.437
0.625
0.625
1.000
1.000
0.380
0.270
0.600
0.297
0.447
0.442
0.785
0.785
1.767
1.767
0.168
0.212
0.471
0.525
0.789
Double-acting Block Cylinders
Cat no.
Force at
5,000
PSI (lbs.) Bore
ø
(in.)
Rod
ø
(in.)
Stroke
(in.)
Effective
Area
(sq. in.)
Oil
Capacity
(cu. in.)
Push Pull Push Pull Push Pull
090-021-111
090-021-114
090-022-222
090-022-225
090-023-333
090-023-335
2,220
2,220
3,900
3,900
8,800
8,800
1,400
1,400
2,390
2,390
4,900
4,900
0.750
0.750
1.000
1.000
1.500
1.500
0.437
0.437
0.625
0.625
1.000
1.000
0.630
1.500
0.790
2.000
1.000
2.000
0.442
0.442
0.785
0.785
1.767
1.767
0.292
0.292
0.478
0.478
0.982
0.982
0.279
0.663
0.620
1.570
1.767
3.534
0.184
0.438
0.378
0.956
0.982
1.964
Dimension Chart – Single & Double-acting Block Cylinders
Cat. no.
Single Acting
Cat. no. Double
Acting A (S.ACT.) A (D.ACT.)
Dimensions (In Inches)
B C D E F H I J K L M O P R S T V
–
090-011-113
090-012-221
090-012-224
090-013-332
090-013-334
090-021-111
090-021-114
090-022-222
090-022-225
090-023-333
090-023-335
–
3.698
30031
4.571
3.472
4.622
3.078
4.818
3.551
5.971
4.175
6.175
2.448
3.318
2.761
3.971
3.175
4.175
2.128
2.998
2.441
3.651
2.680
3.680
2.360
2.360
2.559
2.559
3.150
3.150
0.375
0.375
0.500
0.500
0.835
0.835
0.437
0.437
0.625
0.625
1.000
1.000
SAE#4
SAE#4
SAE#4
SAE#4
SAE#4
SAE#4
0
2.058
0
2.558
0
2.620
0.756
0.756
0.788
0.788
0.708
0.708
1.206
1.248
1.378
1.378
1.420
1.440
0.295
0.295
0.295
0.295
0.374
0.374
1.770
1.770
1.969
1.969
2.403
2.403
0.980
0.980
1.181
1.181
1.548
1.548
1/4-20UNC
1/4-20UNC
5/16-24UNF
5/16-24UNF
1/2-13UNC
1/2-13UNC
1.570
1.570
1.772
1.772
2.295
2.295
0.785
0.785
0.886
0.886
1.148
1.148
0.900
1.770
1.181
2.391
1.500
2.500
1.180
1.180
1.280
1.280
1.575
1.575
0.280
0.280
0.350
0.350
0.391
0.391
15_StrongHold. xp:15_DES_StrongHold-1-14.indd 1/2/08 9:03 AM Page 15.19

15.20 Subject to technical modifications without notice DE-STA-CO
StrongHold Clamping SystemTM
StrongHold SELECT
Threaded Body Cylinders
K
S
T
A
B
D
G
ML
G (S/A Vent Plug)
C
C1
P
DE-STA-CO’s Single-acting (spring return) and Double-acting Threaded Cylinders are extremely
versatile and durable. They can be designed into a variety of high production applications including
workpiece positioning, holding and ejecting applications where space is at a premium.
Double-acting cylinders assure complete powered retraction for CNC controlled operations (where time
is critical) or when using heavy end effectors. Double-acting models are also suited to manufacturing
applications, such as production punching.
Single-acting cylinders should be used with small end effectors
only and where retraction speed is not critical.
Features:
Variety of sizes that support precise
fixture designs
Springs are designed to return the
cylinder and contact points, not
intended to pull mechanisms.
SAE fluid ports are common to all models
Operating Pressure – 150 to 5,000 PSI
Dimension Chart – Single & Double-acting Threaded Cylinders
Cat. no.
Single Acting
Cat. no.
Double Acting A (S.ACT.) A (D.ACT.)
Dimensions (In Inches)
B C C1 D D1 E F K L M P S T
–
010-011-113
010-012-221
010-012-224
010-013-332
010-013-334
010-021-111
010-021-114
010-022-222
010-022-225
010-023-333
010-023-335
–
4.064
3.465
5.005
3.917
5.067
3.444
5.184
3.985
6.405
4.620
6.620
2.814
3.684
3.195
4.405
3.620
4.620
2.494
3.364
2.875
4.085
3.125
4.125
0.625
0.625
0.625
0.625
0.690
0.690
1.750-16UN
1.750-16-UN
1.875-16UN
1.875-16UN
2.500-16UN
2.500-16UN
1.564
1.564
1.730
1.730
2.375
2.350
0.437
0.437
0.625
0.625
1.000
1.000
1.375
1.375
1.610
1.610
2.250
2.250
SAE#4
SAE#4
SAE#4
SAE#4
SAE#4
SAE#4
1/4-20UNC
1/4-20UNC
5/16-24UNC
5/16-24UNC
1/2-13UNC
1/2-13UNC
0.422
0.422
0.530
0.530
0.800
0.800
0.390
0.390
0.390
0.390
0.550
0.550
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.200
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.375
0.500
0.500
0.835
0.835
0.500
0.500
0.625
0.625
0.625
0.625
Single-acting Threaded Cylinders
Cat no.
Force at
5,000
PSI (lbs.) Bore
ø
(in.)
Rod
ø
(in.)
Stroke
(in.)
Effective
Area
(sq. in.)
Oil
Capacity
(cu. in.)
Push Push Push
010-011-113
010-012-221
010-012-224
010-013-332
010-013-334
2,220
3,900
3,900
8,800
8,800
0.750
1.000
1.000
1.500
1.500
0.437
0.625
0.625
1.000
1.000
0.380
0.270
0.600
0.297
0.447
0.442
0.785
0.785
1.767
1.767
0.168
0.212
0.471
0.525
0.789
Double-acting Threaded Cylinders
Cat no.
Force at
5,000
PSI (lbs.) Bore
ø
(in.)
Rod
ø
(in.)
Stroke
(in.)
Effective
Area
(sq. in.)
Oil
Capacity
(cu. in.)
Push Pull Push Pull Push Pull
010-021-111
010-021-114
010-022-222
010-022-225
010-023-333
010-023-335
2,220
2,220
3,900
3,900
8,800
8,800
1,400
1,400
2,390
2,390
4,900
4,900
0.750
0.750
1.000
1.000
1.500
1.500
0.437
0.437
0.625
0.625
1.000
1.000
0.630
1.500
0.790
2.000
1.000
2.000
0.442
0.442
0.785
0.785
1.767
1.767
0.292
0.292
0.478
0.478
0.982
0.982
0.279
0.663
0.620
1.570
1.767
3.534
0.184
0.438
0.378
0.956
0.982
1.964
15_StrongHold. xp:15_DES_StrongHold-1-14.indd 1/2/08 9:03 AM Page 15.20